EP3996488A2

EP3996488A2 - Soil cultivation arrangement

Info

Publication number: EP3996488A2
Application number: EP20740494.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Marian Ivanov DICHEVSKI
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-07-08
Filing date: 2020-07-07
Publication date: 2022-05-18
Also published as: WO2021005055A3; WO2021005055A2; US20230240171A1; WO2021004616A1; EP3996487A1; US20220400602A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a soil cultivation arrangement (100), particularly a soil preparation arrangement, for agricultural processing of a soil (500), in particular a field and/or farmland, having a carrier device for mounting on an agricultural tractor and having one or more soil cultivation units (200, 201, 202, 203) for preparing and/or producing a seed furrow (530), which soil cultivation units (200, 201, 202, 203) can be connected as required to the carrier device as modular components of the soil cultivation arrangement (100) and are arrangeable along the carrier device in the desired sequence. At least one soil cultivation unit (200) has a skid-shaped sliding device (400), wherein the bottom-side sliding surface (410) thereof, which is facing the soil (500), is designed to slide off along a soil surface (510).

Description

Tillage arrangement

The invention relates to a soil cultivation arrangement, in particular a soil preparation arrangement, for agricultural cultivation of a soil, in particular a field and / or arable land, with a carrier device for attachment to an agricultural tractor, in particular a tractor or tractor and with one or more soil cultivation units for preparation and / or for generating a seed furrow, which tillage units as modular components of the tillage arrangement can be connected to the carrier device and / or to a sowing unit towable by an agricultural tractor and can be arranged along the carrier device in the desired sequence.

In industrial agriculture, tillage is one of the most costly and time-consuming operations in fields or arable farming. In addition to intensive, turning soil cultivation, plowing, in which the soil of a field and / or arable area is turned and loosened in the uppermost, approx. 40 cm thick soil layer, gentler soil cultivation methods have meanwhile also become established on a large industrial scale. In the so-called no-plowing or non-plowing (also known as “no-till”) tillage methods, only superficial tillage takes place. After the harvest, straw and harvest residues can remain on the surface of the soil until the next sowing, thus protecting the soil from water and wind erosion and evaporation of soil moisture. For such conservation tillage methods, however, fundamentally different demands are made on the technology. Despite the protective and conserving properties, straw, plant and root remains on the field or arable land or in the soil can prevent precise seed placement or represent a mechanical resistance for the seed, resulting in insufficient seed-soil contact (in English also referred to as “seed-to-soil contact”). Especially in connection with the so-called single seed or single grain deposit, in which the seed is prepared single grain by grain after previous separation (e.g. by means of mechanical or pneumatic grain separation) If the seed furrow is laid, inadequate seed-soil contact can lead to a considerable reduction in the crop yield. Special tillage devices for the non-plowing tillage in connection with the single sowing or single grain depositing are designed to open or loosen the soil as well as to chop up straw and harvest residues, in particular to cut them and to mix them effectively into the uppermost soil horizon. Such soil cultivation devices are usually built up from a series of different, mostly disc-shaped, tool elements with different functions. Various combinations of such tool elements are known from the prior art. For example, EP 0849426 B1 discloses a sowing unit with an arm which is attached to a tool carrier of a tractor at a front end area and for receiving various

Tool elements is formed. The so-called furrow opener forms the essential part of the sowing unit, the individual disc that is inclined and spring-mounted to create a seed furrow in

Forward direction is pulled by the tractor. To determine the penetration depth of the furrow opener and the resulting furrow depth, a depth wheel is arranged near the leading side of the furrow opener. The depth wheel also serves to compress and stabilize the

Furrow wall. The seed is then released into the opened furrow using a coulter. The furrow opener is preceded by a furrow clearer (also known as "raw cleaner") to remove plant and crop residues from the area in front of the furrow opener. The furrow clearer essentially consists of two disks that are positioned at an angle to each other, the circumference of which is provided with a tooth profile. Arranged after the furrow opener, a closing wheel rolls on the surface of the soil, which loosens the soil in the area of the furrow wall to close the previously opened furrow and at the same time presses against the seed lying in the furrow.

While the furrow clearer described in EP 0849426 B1 works essentially above ground, ie clears straw and harvest residues above the soil surface, it can be done by means of a mostly corrugated, individual soil cultivation disc (in English also called “coulter” or “disc opener”) are “cut” into the upper soil horizon in order to crush root residues that have grown underground, ie below the soil surface, and thus facilitate the opening of the seed furrow. Such a coulter or precutter can, if necessary, be used in addition to or instead of the furrow clearer and is expediently arranged in front of the furrow opener. US Pat. No. 7,992,651 B2 discloses a Coulter with a wave-like disk surface. Before the actual seed furrow is opened, the coulter should cut or cut the soil to a desired depth in order to loosen up the soil in this area and to separate any plant or root remains. During operation, the coulter, which is designed as a rotating disc, rolls along the surface of the floor or partially within the floor, the speed of rotation depending on the speed of movement of the towing vehicle. The required penetration depth of the coulters, previously determined by an agronomist, is determined based on the weight of the machine and the hardness of the soil. Due to the wavy disc surface, the effectively cut or slotted and loosened bottom area is wider than the actual disc thickness. According to different embodiments, the coulter can be provided with a cutting edge formed on one or both sides along its circumference.

When removing biomass, such as plant or root residues, by means of such a coulters or pre-cutter, it is disadvantageous that the cutting of biomass is only generated during the rolling movement by the weight of the coulters, the total weight of the machine and / or by hydraulically or pneumatically generated and by the tensile force exerted is realized. Due to different soil hardnesses, which occur due to climatic conditions, especially moisture or dryness, but also by the soil type, its compactness, brittleness and the penetration of the soil with biomass, there is also a high variability in the cutting quality. This often leads to incompletely severed biomass, which then collects within the seed furrow. When sowing, this means that the seed rests on the biomass, where it does not germinate and consequently does not produce any yield. This is a main cause of the well-known "Hair-Pinnig" - Effect. This effect is, for example, in the publication "Effects of Geometry of Disk Openers on Seed"; E. Seidi; International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Vol: 6, No: 12, 2012. With the “hair-pinnig” effect, biomass that has not been completely severed and / or which clogs the seed furrow collects between the seed grain and the soil, whereby the “seed-to-soil contact” decreases, the seeds germinate more slowly or not at all and ultimately that of the The harvest achieved decreases.

From US 2016/0050837 A1 a tool arm for a multi-row planting unit is known, which is pulled by a rural utility vehicle, a tractor or tractor in order to generate a plurality of rows of seeds arranged parallel to one another and to equip them with seeds. The tool arm is equipped with various tool elements for preparing the soil, for generating the seed furrow, for spreading the seed and for closing the seed furrow. In one embodiment, so-called closing wheels (“closing wheels”) are shown, each formed from two, in particular toothed wheels made of rubber, plastic or iron, on the outer circumference of which projections pointing obliquely outward on both sides enlarge the running surface of the closing wheels. As a result, the locking wheels act on the loosely piled soil next to the seed furrow and thus close the seed furrow.

A similar locking wheel (https://sidist.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=cateqorv.displav&cateqorv ID = 141 & CFID = 50302618 & CFTOKEN = 12808232 & CFID = 59384229 & GFTOKEN = 53824749. Accessed on May 21, 2019) is also available from Sl Distributing Inc. Designation "Finger-Till Closing Wheel" offered. The locking wheel is designed as a pair of disks with two disks set at an angle to each other and each one-piece cast. Each disk comprises two rows of pyramidal projections on the outer circumference of the disk, one row pointing axially inward and the other row pointing radially outward. The axially inwardly pointing projections roll off in the area of the furrow walls in order to close the seed furrow, while the radially outwardly pointing projections ensure loosening of the soil in this area. However, the devices shown in the prior art for conservative tillage also have disadvantages. In the area of the seed furrow walls, there is often a compaction of the soil or soil there (also known as "side-wall-compaction"). Such a compaction of the soil can lead to a predetermined direction of growth of the roots of the sown plants within the seed furrow or along the seed furrow wall and consequently to a lower crop yield. Subsequent loosening of the soil or soil in this area by means of appropriately designed closing wheels cannot adequately eliminate the compaction often caused by tool elements running in front, especially when the soil is damp. Furthermore, when removing or cutting or separating biomass, such as plant and root residues, by means of a coulters or pre-cutter, it is disadvantageous that the biomass is often cut incompletely. In addition, the depth of penetration of the coulters depends solely on the moisture content and the compaction of the soil, as well as the weight of the coulters or the tool arm on which the coulters are suspended, and can therefore hardly be varied, or only with great effort.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and to create an improved soil cultivation arrangement which, in particular, allows for a more complete separation of biomass such as plant or root residues as well as the avoidance of furrow wall compaction and / or flair pinned "- Effect together with optimized seed-soil contact due to homogeneous soil density in the area of the seed furrow. At the same time, a homogeneous soil density promotes simultaneous germination of the seeds, which further increases the harvest yield.

The object is achieved by a soil working arrangement according to claim 1 and a soil working unit according to claim 13. Advantageous embodiments are claimed in the subclaims and are explained in more detail below.

A soil cultivation arrangement according to the invention of the type described in more detail at the beginning is characterized in that at least one Floor cultivation unit has a skid-like sliding device, the underside of which, facing the floor, sliding surface is designed to slide along a floor surface.

For flexible use of different soil cultivation units with different functions, the soil cultivation units can be connected to a carrier device of the soil cultivation arrangement and can be flexibly arranged along the sowing section in the case of seed drills or on another carrier device, if required, in the desired sequence. In addition or as an alternative, a connection with a sowing unit is also possible. Tool arms known from the prior art or other devices that enable the soil cultivation units to be suspended or fastened are suitable as the carrier device. The soil cultivation units are lined up along the carrier device in order to prepare the soil in the area of an individual seed furrow, to loosen it and finally to produce the seed furrow. Depending on the size of the field and / or to be processed

Arable land, several tillage arrangements can be attached parallel to one another on a tool carrier of an industrial or agricultural tractor, in particular a tractor or tractor, in order to prepare and / or produce a corresponding number of seed furrows. Advantageously, in the pulling direction of the agricultural tractor, a soil cultivation unit for cutting plant and / or root remains and for preparing the soil is initially arranged. This can be followed by a further soil cultivation unit for preparing the seed furrow and for loosening the soil or soil in the area of the seed furrow to be generated. Finally, a soil cultivation unit can be provided for generating the seed furrow and at the same time for loosening the soil in the area of the seed furrow wall.

According to the invention it is provided that at least one soil working unit comprises a sliding device. The sliding device is provided with a sliding surface on the underside which is parallel to the ground surface and which is raised in the manner of a runner, a sledge or a ski in the pulling direction of the agricultural pulling direction, in order to enable the soil cultivation unit to slide along the soil surface. Together with the sliding device you can both soil cultivation elements in the form of soil cultivation disks, but also soil cultivation elements that are not disc-shaped or do not roll along the soil, are used, whereby a higher variability of the modular structure of the soil cultivation arrangement is achieved. The sliding device serves to reduce the friction between

Soil cultivation unit and soil surface as well as the determination and adjustment of the penetration depth, in particular the distance between the device, biomass and soil. At the same time, biomass located on the soil surface, in particular plant or harvest residues, is held down and / or aligned flat to the soil surface, whereby the function of the

Soil cultivation elements is improved.

Due to the flexible equipping of the carrier device, depending on the nature of the soil to be worked and depending on the condition of the field and / or arable land, e.g. the type and amount of remaining plants and crops or root remains or the moisture content, a desired modular

Put together a combination of tillage units. For example, the soil cultivation arrangement can, if necessary, be equipped with one or more of the soil cultivation units. Depending on the type and properties of the soil, it is also conceivable, for example, to assemble several soil cultivation units arranged in a row, in particular soil cultivation disks with a different penetration depth and / or a different diameter and subsequently also with a different mass if necessary. It has proven to be advantageous here to have the tillage units which are arranged foremost with respect to the pulling direction of the agricultural tractor and which have the lowest

Form penetration depth and / or the smallest diameter, with the penetration depth and / or diameter of further soil cultivation units increasing against the pulling direction. In the case of soil cultivation arrangements arranged parallel to one another for generating several parallel seed furrows, soil cultivation units which are arranged parallel to one another and have an identical penetration depth and / or an identical diameter are preferably formed in the same position. A suitable, modular arrangement of different soil cultivation units enables compaction the seed furrow, in particular in the area of the seed furrow wall, can be directly prevented before and / or during the seed furrow generation or the soil and / or soil loosening in the area of the seed furrow wall.

The arrangement according to the invention can additionally be supplemented by further tool elements known from the prior art, such as, for example, a device for depositing the seeds, a furrow clearer or one or more closing wheels, or can be used together with them.

The soil cultivation arrangement according to the invention is particularly well suited for producing seed furrows for individual seeds, but can also be used advantageously for producing seed furrows with different dimensions, in particular for producing seed furrows for smaller seeds, such as wheat, rape, barley, etc.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, one or more soil cultivation elements therefore project over, in particular enforce, the sliding surface of the sliding device by a variably adjustable penetration or working depth.

The sliding device is preferably provided with a sliding surface on the underside which is oriented parallel to the floor surface and which projects over, in particular, is penetrated by the one or more floor treatment elements. For this purpose, the sliding device can be designed with corresponding recesses. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to arrange one or two sliding devices (each) adjacent to the soil cultivation element. The distance between the underside sliding surface of the sliding device and the area of the soil cultivation element that penetrates the soil corresponds to the penetration or working depth within which biomass, in particular plant and root remains, is cut and the soil is loosened and / or corresponds to the seed furrow depth of the seed furrow to be produced. Like the depth determination wheels of the sowing discs or “chicken feet” known from the prior art, the sliding device can thus be used for depth control, the penetration or working depth can be variably adjusted. In the prior art, however, the soil cultivation elements are designed as disks which penetrate the soil and roll there

The speed and direction of rotation consequently depends on or corresponds to the speed of travel and the direction of pull or the direction of forward travel of the agricultural tractor. At the same time, in the prior art, the supporting disks, as well as wheels, are used to support the

Soil cultivation arrangement on the ground realized. According to the invention, the latter is taken over by the sliding device, whereby according to a variant of the invention it is conceivable that the one or more soil cultivation elements independently of the travel speed and

Pulling direction or forward direction of travel of the agricultural tractor are driven by an actuator.

The drive of such an active soil cultivation element or coulters can, for example, be electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or with other types of auxiliary gears, but always independent of the driving speed and

Direction of movement of the tractor. For example, it is conceivable, in order to increase the working accuracy, to implement the stability and guidance of the sliding device or also of an active soil cultivation element or coulters by the so-called parallelogram sowing section. Mounting the sliding device on the parallelogram sowing section also enables the movements of the active soil cultivation elements or the active coulter generated by the drive to be synchronized with the sowing discs.

In this way, the direction of movement, in the case of soil cultivation elements designed as discs, the direction of rotation, and the speed of movement can be variably adapted in advance or even during operation to the prevailing soil conditions, such as plant and root residues, in order to optimize soil preparation, in particular soil loosening and / or optimized cutting of To enable biomass, in particular plant and root remains. Active cutting of the biomass ensures that plant and root residues do not get into the seed furrow to be prepared, accumulate there in front of subsequent tillage elements or tillage units and clog them and / or collect below the sowing discs and the Reduce seed-soil contact of the seed applied or lead to the "hair-pinnig" effect.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that at least one soil cultivation element is designed as a pre-cutter and / or soil loosening unit and interacts with the sliding device for cutting biomass, in particular plants and root remains.

In a particularly advantageous development, the variant of the invention described above is designed as a pre-cutter with a single rotatably mounted soil cultivation disc, in particular a knife disc, the soil cultivation disc for cutting plant and root remains and for preparing the seed furrow to be generated along its outer circumferential or running surface with a radially extending cutting and / or tooth profile is provided.

In this development, the sliding device sliding on the soil surface fulfills the additional purpose of holding down biomass located there, in particular plant or harvest residues, and / or aligning it flat to the soil surface, which facilitates shearing off by means of the soil cultivation disc designed as a cutting disc. At the same time, it prevents the rotating knife disc from pulling out any remains of plants or roots in the soil, i.e. below the soil surface.

In principle it is conceivable, for. B. with only a small penetration of the soil with biomass that the rotatably mounted soil cultivation disc, regardless of the speed and pulling direction or forward direction of the agricultural tractor actuator, but driven in the forward direction.

According to a further development of the invention, it is alternatively but advantageously provided that the rotatably mounted soil cultivating disc of the precutter is actuated independently of the travel speed and counter to the pulling direction or forward travel direction of the agricultural tractor. An actuator-driven rotary movement of the soil cultivation disc that is opposite to the forward direction of travel enables particularly effective cutting of biomass. With its cutting and / or sawtooth profile, the soil cultivation disc, in particular penetrating the soil, detects biomass located therein, in particular plant and root residues, while at the same time biomass located above the soil is held down by the sliding device. The soil cultivation disc does not necessarily penetrate completely into the soil without interruption; it is also conceivable that the soil cultivation disc, at least partially, above the soil. The actual cutting or shearing process, in particular chopping off, takes place on the lower edges of the sliding device facing the soil on which the Biomass carried along by the tillage disc, in particular plant and root residues, are retained. The cutting and / or sawtooth profile of the soil cultivation disc and the lower edges of the sliding device work together in the manner of scissors for cutting and / or shearing the biomass. The sliding device preferably has a slot-like recess through which the soil working disc passes, and the edges of the slot-like recess are then sheared off accordingly. Due to the upward rotary movement of the soil cultivation disc that carries the biomass with it, which is also referred to as the active coulter, the biomass is transported laterally out of the area in which the seed furrow is generated with subsequent soil cultivation elements, in particular furrow openers or sowing discs, so that it is then free of Is biomass.

Optionally, according to one embodiment of the invention, at least one soil cultivation element is designed as a soil loosening unit and / or pre-cutter with one or more knives, which are used for cutting biomass, in particular plant and root residues, for loosening the soil and for preparing the seed furrow to be generated, translationally, especially transversely to the pulling direction or the forward direction of travel of the agricultural tractor, are movable.

Both the tillage elements designed in the manner of tillage disks described so far, as well as the tillage element designed with one or more knives, can be equipped with a own drive unit or be driven externally. The drive unit is preferably designed as an electrically, pneumatically, mechanically or hydraulically driven rotary actuator or linear actuator to rotate a respective soil cultivation disc in or against the pulling direction or the one or more knives transversely to the pulling direction or forward travel direction of the scenic tractor, in particular vertically to the ground or enclosing another angle with the ground, to move in an oscillating manner. For this purpose, the carrier device of the soil cultivation arrangement can have a holder or fastening option for a corresponding linear actuator or the linear actuator is correspondingly fastened to a sowing unit.

Via an assigned control, the speed and direction of rotation of the actuator-driven rotary movement of the one or more soil cultivation disks can be adjusted as required, independently of the travel speed and travel direction of the agricultural tractor. By using the sliding device together with the drive unit, for example, the setting of the desired speed and the direction of rotation of the actuator-driven rotary movement or other movement can be made easier and more precise by reducing or even completely eliminating the rolling effect on the floor.

In order to effectively cut, shear or chop off plant and / or root residues present in the soil, the one or more knives move at high speed. For this purpose, the one or more knives are connected to the linear actuator in a manner known from the prior art and are mounted to be linearly movable. The bearing is preferably designed with play along the pulling direction and / or along the direction of movement of the knives that is transverse to this, in particular a preferably right angle with the ground, or the knives are spring-loaded to compensate for stones or other inhomogeneities in the ground to be able to. The soil loosening unit formed with one or more knives interacts with the sliding device in the manner described above, wherein, according to an advantageous development, the one or more knives of the Soil loosening unit are arranged to penetrate an, in particular slot-like, recess of the sliding device and each knife is preferably assigned a respective, in particular slot-like, recess within the sliding device. The biomass carried along in the upward movement of the one or more knives is retained by the sliding device and is cut and / or sheared off and / or chopped off at its edges or the edges of the slot-like recess.

The sliding device is intended to hold down plant residues, to improve and ensure the shearing performance and / or cutting performance and to prevent or minimize that root or plant residues are pulled out of the ground during the upward movement of the one or more knives.

Additionally or alternatively, according to a further variant of the invention, at least one soil cultivation unit can be designed as a soil loosening unit with a revolving chain, which is actuated to cut plant and root residues, to loosen the soil and to prepare the seed furrow to be generated in the manner of a chainsaw and with a Sawtooth profile is formed.

According to one embodiment of the invention, at least one soil cultivation element is designed as a soil loosening unit with a soil loosening wing that engages in the soil starting from the sliding surface of the sliding device.

Preferably, the soil loosening wing is a blade-like metal sheet which has a particularly fin-like shape, e.g. B. has comparable to the first dorsal fin of a shark.

In a further development of this embodiment of the invention, the soil loosening wing is arranged to pass, in particular penetrate, the sliding device and can be locked in different positions and / or positions on the sliding device for the variable setting of a desired working or penetration depth. With this configuration, the penetration depth of the soil loosening wing can be adapted to the prevailing conditions in a simple and uncomplicated manner, if necessary. The desired depth of penetration is specified by the farmer according to his knowledge and skills based on the nature of the soil, the prevailing climatic conditions, the seeds to be sown, etc.

The penetration depth to be selected is preferably based on the depth of the soil up to which this has a moisture content necessary for the germination of the seeds. To achieve particularly good soil loosening, also in the area of

To achieve seed furrow walls, the side surfaces of the soil loosening wing facing the respective seed furrow wall are provided with loosening pins and / or, in particular shovel or wing-like, loosening elements, which loosening pins and / or loosening elements are arranged to loosen the soil in the area of the respective seed furrow wall.

In operation, that is, when the soil cultivation arrangement with its soil cultivation units arranged one behind the other is pulled by an agricultural tractor over the soil surface to be worked, the part of the soil loosening wing arranged below the sliding device protrudes into the soil at the desired working or penetration depth, with the , in particular on both sides, arranged loosening pins and / or loosening elements are each moved horizontally along the seed furrow walls. In this case, a soil traversed by fine cracks or finely scratched can be produced in the area of the seed furrow walls, thereby countering the known problem of compaction of the soil, in particular the side walls of the seed furrow. It is precisely in the interaction with subsequent sowing discs and / or further soil cultivation units for loosening the soil that an optimal loosening and / or homogeneous mixing of the soil can be produced for preparing the seed furrow walls. The in particular conical or cylindrical loosening pins and / or, for example, in the form of wings, spikes, blades or rails, can be designed in parallel or at an angle be aligned with each other and optionally be arranged on one or both sides of the soil loosening wing. Optionally, the soil loosening wing can have a pipe or a hose running perpendicular to the sliding device, which can be used to supply the soil with liquid nutrients and / or liquid fertilizers. For this purpose, the working or penetration depth of the loosening wing should be below the seed placement depth.

In order to provide the soil loosening wings or, if necessary, other soil cultivation elements with the loosening pins and / or loosening elements, a manufacturing method has the following steps:

Provision of a soil cultivation element with two lateral, respectively adjacent seed furrow walls assigned side surfaces,

Providing a desired number of, in particular cylindrical or conical, loosening pins and / or loosening elements

Creation of receiving recesses by erosion and / or drilling methods on one or both side surfaces of the

Soil cultivation element, the circumferential shape of the receiving recesses produced corresponding to the circumferential shape of the loosening pins and / or loosening elements provided, and then

Joining the soil cultivation disc with the loosening pins and / or loosening elements, wherein the loosening pins and / or loosening elements are fitted, in particular pressed, into the receiving recesses with a positive, non-positive and / or frictional fit.

According to the method, the soil cultivation element and the loosening pins and / or loosening elements are each provided as individual, separate components. The soil working element can, for example, be a cast steel or iron part with a very high Rockwell hardness in a range of over 60 HR. The service life can be reduced due to the high hardness

Increase soil cultivation element due to less wear. The provided loosening pins and / or loosening elements can be made of a similar technical material with approximately the same or less hardness be made and are in particular cylindrical or conical. The hard metal tungsten carbide has proven to be a particularly advantageous technical material. In order to join the provided loosening pins and / or loosening elements with the soil working element, the soil working element is first provided with receiving recesses, in particular in the form of a blind hole, on one or both side surfaces. Due to the high hardness of the material of the soil cultivation element, the receiving recesses are preferably formed by means of a so-called electro-erosion drilling process (EDM process). Alternatively, the receiving recesses can also be designed in the form of openings that completely penetrate the soil cultivation element.

The receiving recesses and the loosening pins and / or loosening elements are designed with the same circumferential shape and preferably with an identical cross section, so that the loosening pins and / or loosening elements can be pressed and / or hammered into the receiving recesses. If the receiving recesses are continuous, d. H. are designed to completely penetrate the soil cultivation element, the loosening pins and / or loosening elements can additionally be welded to the soil cultivation element by setting an argon welding point or, depending on the material, soldered if necessary.

Alternatively, the loosening pins and / or loosening elements can be joined by means of a so-called high-temperature soldering process using silver, bronze, brass, or copper solder and a corresponding flux, which are particularly suitable for high-temperature soldering processes in connection with hard metals, in particular tungsten carbide. The manufacture of the loosening pins and / or loosening elements by build-up welding (laser cladding) or 3D laser printing is also conceivable.

The previously described soil cultivation units can each be connected in a modular manner and in the desired sequence to a soil cultivation arrangement according to the invention. The

Soil cultivation units are each, as known from the prior art, sprung or via corresponding arms with the carrier device of the Floor cultivation arrangement connected and movably mounted, for example to compensate for stones or other uneven floors. In addition to the dead weight, continuous contact of the respective running or sliding surfaces with the floor can also be ensured in a manner known from the prior art by setting a pre-tension. All tillage units or their tillage elements, in particular pre-cutters, active coulter and / or soil loosening units, can be used for the types of tillage arrangements known from the prior art with and without anchors, shafts or tines, which are used in particular to carry out a non-plowing (no- till), minimally plowing (minimum-till), row-wise plowing (strip-till) or vertical (vertical-till) tillage etc., in which the upper or deeper soil layers are loosened and opened, are suitable. The suspension of the tillage elements, in particular the active coulters, is adapted to seeders for wide or row sowing as well as to other types of tillage arrangements. Other types of tillage arrangements are, for example, tillage machines for strip-like, vertical plowing (strip-till, vertical-till). After a

In an embodiment of the invention, with an active precutter, in particular active Coulter, the cutting takes place in the upward direction or away from the ground, in the direction of the sky, whereby hardly any pressure is required. In this case, clean, biomass-free soil cultivation is made possible by the non-driven, stationary soil cultivation elements subsequently attached to the carrier device, in particular soil loosening units or through the soil loosening wing. Alternatively, these can also be attached to the carrier device in a vibrating manner, indirectly by a suspension mechanism, leaf-sprung, spring-loaded, by airbag, nitrogen dampers or another type of suspension known from the prior art.

The soil loosening elements known from the prior art are mostly referred to as looseners or "shanks", regardless of whether they are placed on no-till or on tillage machines (strip-like, vertical, minimal plowing), and only result in extremely coarse loosening of the soil . Experience has shown that it does conventional coulter does not always succeed in cutting through the biomass for the subsequent shanks, so that it clogs. Particularly in dry soil conditions, a conventional coulter does not penetrate sufficiently into the soil, the biomass remains impervious and begins to clog the elements arranged below. The same applies to spring tines, which are only equipped with spring tines, which have no cutting coulter or which does not cut through the biomass, thereby clogging the tines (spring tines).

The respective tillage units are also suitable for retrofitting tillage arrangements and / or sowing units known from the prior art.

The object set at the beginning is therefore also achieved by a soil cultivation unit for connection to a carrier device of a soil cultivation arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, with one or more soil cultivation elements for loosening the soil and / or for cutting biomass, in particular plant and / or root residues. The soil cultivation unit has a skid-like sliding device for limiting a working or penetration depth of the one or more soil cultivation elements into the ground, a sliding surface of the sliding device on the underside facing the ground being designed to slide along a soil surface.

In an advantageous embodiment of the soil cultivation unit according to the invention, it has at least one soil cultivation element designed as a pre-cutter and one soil cultivation element designed as a soil loosening unit, with the soil cultivation element designed as a precutter and the soil cultivation element each projecting over the sliding surface of a common sliding device by a variably adjustable working or penetration depth, in particular penetrating . In this configuration, the pre-cutter, in particular an active coulter, preferably runs ahead of the soil loosening unit. This is particularly advantageous in order to completely cut off the seed furrow to be produced by means of the precutter To free biomass, in particular plant or root residues, or to comminute the biomass in such a way that clogging by biomass on the following element, the soil loosening unit, is avoided. The configuration or arrangement of the soil cultivation elements described can be used for both row crop and wide seed drills. In both cases, the arrangement of precutter and

If necessary, the soil loosening unit is followed by one or two seeding disks whose respective side surfaces facing a seed furrow wall can be provided with the loosening pins and / or loosening elements described above. The precutter running foremost, for example designed as a rotating knife disc, can also be provided with loosening pins and / or loosening elements if necessary. In operation of the

In the soil cultivation arrangement, the loosening pins and / or loosening elements attached to the rotating soil loosening unit or sowing disc move along epicycloidal paths through the soil of the respectively adjacent seed furrow walls. In combination with loosening pins and / or loosening elements arranged on a non-rotating soil loosening unit, in particular a soil loosening wing, which run through the soil of the adjacent seed furrow walls along horizontal paths, the result is a soil that is completely loosened in the area of the seed furrow walls, with fine furrows that intersect each other run through different angles, is interspersed. The problem of furrow wall compaction and the associated loss of harvest can thus be completely countered. The pre-cutter, in particular a rotating knife disc, and the soil loosening unit, in particular a soil loosening wing, can optionally be arranged on a common sliding device or connected to a respective sliding device. It is essential that the soil loosening unit is positioned between the leading precutter and the trailing sowing discs. Expediently, all soil cultivation elements of the soil cultivation unit are connected to the sowing section in order to enable uniform pressure and synchronized penetration of the soil. An actively driven precutter, in particular an active coulter, together with a sliding device, is also referred to below as a residue-safe cutting system (residue-sure-cut system). In most of the configurations of bond processing arrangements described above, this cutting system should be mandatory in order to ensure a surface that is clean of biomass and the trouble-free operation of subsequent elements. The first element of the residue-free cutting system can be a furrow clearer to make the active coulter's work easier and to reduce the biomass in front of him, in front of the seed drill or another tillage system.

Another particularly advantageous component of the residue-free cutting system (Residue - Sure - Cut - System) is the possibility of not only using it for soil preparation with seed drills, but also in an absolutely individual, independent manner in other soil tillage machines for minimal strip and vertical plowing and in normal plowing, which have differently oriented and penetrating working bodies. These working elements usually do not rotate, they are not discs, but looseners or spring tines. They can be spring-loaded with a nitrogen shock absorber, an air cushion or otherwise directly attached to the frame of the tillage machine or to the towing frame. Under normal conditions they would be constantly clogged and hindered by the uncut biomass in front of them.

It is particularly important to mention that the residue-proof cutting system (Residue-Sure-Cut-System) does not require a large weight of the inventory so that the biomass can be cut. Even if the disc barely penetrates the soil, the biomass is cut perfectly.

Due to the previously mentioned functionality of the residue-free cutting system (Residue-Sure-Cut-System), the cut takes place between the sliding device and the cutting disc. This reduces the weight of the entire inventory, which in turn leads to a reduction in the compactness of the soil, which is a particularly big problem when growing all vegetable crops. Further details, features, (sub) combinations of features, advantages and effects based on the invention emerge from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention and the drawings. These show in Fig. 1a a schematic perspective illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the invention

Soil cultivation arrangement with three successively arranged soil cultivation units, each designed as soil cultivation discs,

1 b shows a schematic sectional illustration of a seed furrow to be produced in a front view,

1 c shows the soil cultivation arrangement from FIG. 1 a in a schematic side view,

2 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a first exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit according to the invention, comprising a soil loosening unit with three knives, together with a schematic sectional illustration of a seed furrow to be produced,

3 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation arrangement according to the invention with a rotating saw chain and together with a furrow opener or a sowing disc,

4 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a second exemplary embodiment of an inventive

Soil cultivation unit with a pre-cutter with a rotatably mounted knife disc and a sliding device,

5a shows a third exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit according to the invention with a precutter and a soil loosening wing in a side view, according to FIG Fig. 5b in a perspective view and according to

5c shows a detailed view of the soil loosening wing,

6a shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit according to the invention with a precutter and a soil loosening wing in a side view and according to FIG

6b shows a detailed view of the soil loosening wing,

7a shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit according to the invention with a pre-cutter and a soil loosening wing in a side view and, according to FIG. 7b, a detailed view of the soil loosening wing

8 shows a schematic side view of a further exemplary one

Embodiment of the soil cultivation arrangement according to the invention with three successively arranged soil cultivation units,

9 shows two schematic perspective views of an exemplary embodiment of a soil loosening unit according to the invention with two milling heads arranged next to one another and in parallel,

10 shows two schematic perspective views of an exemplary one

Embodiment of a soil loosening unit according to the invention with a single milling head and FIG. 11 three schematic perspective views of an exemplary one

Embodiment of a soil loosening unit according to the invention with two milling heads arranged one behind the other or in a row.

The figures are merely exemplary in nature and are only used for understanding the invention. The same elements are provided with the same reference symbols, which is why they are usually only described once. FIG. 1 a shows a first exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation arrangement 100 according to the invention

Soil working arrangement 100 has three soil working units 200, which are modularly connected to a carrier device, not shown here, of soil working arrangement 100 in a manner known from the prior art. The carrier device of the soil cultivation arrangement 100 is designed for connection to a tool carrier of an agricultural tractor, also not shown here, in particular a tractor or tractor. The soil cultivation units 200 are in turn arranged one after the other along a pulling direction or forward travel direction Z of the agricultural tractor. The soil working unit 200 arranged foremost in the pulling direction Z has a soil working element 210 in the form of a precutter 201 and a sliding device 400. Likewise with respect to the pulling direction Z, the precutter 201 is followed by a tillage unit 200 designed as a soil loosening unit 202. The pre-cutter 201 and the soil loosening unit 202 are each designed as a single soil cultivation disc. As the rearmost module of the soil cultivation arrangement 100, a soil cultivation unit 200 in the form of a furrow opener or sowing disc 203 follows the soil loosening unit 202. The furrow opener or the sowing disc 203 comprises two soil cultivation discs arranged opposite one another. The soil cultivation disks of the soil cultivation units 200 each have two lateral circular surfaces 220 and a circumferential or running surface 230 and are mounted rotatably about their respective axis of rotation 223. A schematic sectional illustration of a conventional, exemplary seed furrow 530, which can be prepared and produced with the soil cultivation arrangement 100, can be seen in FIG. 1b. The seed furrow 530 is formed with an approximately V-shaped cross-sectional area within the soil 500, more precisely in the uppermost soil horizon 520, and comprises two sloping seed furrow walls 531. The seed furrow depth a is the distance from the soil surface 510 to the deepest point of the seed furrow 530, also known as the furrow base. The seed furrow width b is usually measured in the area of the soil surface 510 and is the distance between the two Seed furrow walls 531 defined to one another in this area. The seed furrow width b is usually in a range between 3.75 cm to 4 cm and the seed furrow depth a in a range between 3 cm to 10 cm. In order to prepare and generate the seed furrow 530, the soil cultivation arrangement 100 according to FIG. 1 a is pulled from the agricultural tractor along the pulling direction Z, the rotatably mounted soil cultivation disks usually rolling along their respective circumferential or running surface 230 on the ground 500. The pre-cutter 201 and the soil loosening unit 202 are each provided for preparing the seed furrow 530 and for loosening the soil in the uppermost soil horizon 520, along a cross-sectional area within which the seed furrow 530 is to be created. The actual seed furrow 530 is opened or pulled by means of the following furrow puller or sowing discs 203.

In FIG. 1 c, the soil cultivation arrangement 100 from FIG. 1 a is shown in a schematic side view. In this illustration, the floor 500 and its floor surface 510 are also indicated schematically. In conservation tillage, the soil 500 is tilled exclusively within the uppermost soil horizon 520. The tillage units 200, each having one or two tillage discs, the soil loosening unit 202 and the furrow opener or the sowing disc 203, roll along the soil 500 or on its surface 510 and penetrate into the soil 500, preferably by the same working or penetration depth x, which also roughly corresponds to the seed furrow depth a. Alternatively, and not shown here, it can also be expedient for the pre-cutter 201 and / or the soil loosening unit 202 to penetrate deeper into the soil 500, ie have a greater working or penetration depth x than the furrow opener 203, which also causes the soil in the area below the seed furrow 530 can be loosened. The working or penetration depth x or seed furrow depth a can be adjusted to the desired amount as required depending on the optimal planting depth of the seed.

For setting the working or penetration depth x, among other things, the precutter 201 has, as an example in FIG. 1 c, a sliding device 400, the sliding surface 410 of which slides along the bottom surface 510 on the underside. By By displacing the soil working disc and the sliding device 400 of the precutter 201 relative to one another, the distance by which the soil working disc protrudes beyond the sliding surface 410 on the underside, in particular penetrates, and thus their working or penetration depth x can be determined. The sliding device 400 consequently fulfills the function of the devices known from the prior art and optionally also applicable to the invention for setting the working or penetration depth x, such as depth wheels or so-called “chicken feet” and is mounted in a similar manner on a In addition, the sliding device 400 also supports the soil cultivation unit 200 on the ground 500, which enables the soil cultivation disc of the precutter 201 to be actively driven in the illustrated direction of rotation R, against the direction of pull Z. For this purpose, the soil cultivation unit 200 can be provided with an electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic and / or with another transmission equipped drive or actuator known from the prior art.

A schematic perspective illustration of a first exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention with a soil cultivation element 210 designed as a soil loosening unit 202 can be seen in FIG. 2, together with a schematic section of a seed furrow 530 to be generated. The embodiment of the soil loosening unit 202 shown here is designed with a total of three knives 310, which are provided with a saw profile 311 in the pulling direction Z and can be moved up and down linearly in translation along a cutting direction S running orthogonally to the pulling direction Z. The soil loosening unit 202 also has a sliding device 400, the underside sliding surface 410 of which is provided for sliding on the soil surface 510. A front section 420 of the sliding device 400 in the pulling direction Z is raised in the manner of a runner with respect to the ground surface 510 in order to facilitate sliding even on uneven ground. Three slot-like recesses 430 of the sliding device 400, arranged parallel to one another, are each penetrated by one of the knives 310 and at the same time function as a kind of guide in the cutting direction S. By means of the sliding device 400, the working or penetration depth x of the knives 310 can be varied can be set. In addition, the sliding device 400 prevents plants or root residues from being pulled out of the soil 500 by an upward movement of the knives 310 and holds them back under itself. The actual cutting process takes place on the lower edges of the slot-like recesses 430 facing the base 500, the knives 310 and the sliding device 400 interacting like scissors. The set working or penetration depth x preferably corresponds to the seed furrow depth a, and the distance between the two outer knives 310 corresponds to the seed furrow width b of the seed furrow 530 to be generated.As can be seen from the schematic sectional view of the seed furrow 530, the embodiment shown here Soil loosening unit 202, the soil 500 is loosened transversely to the pulling direction Z along a rectangular cross-sectional area, which protrudes over the V-shaped cross-sectional area of the seed furrow 530, in particular in the area of the seed furrow walls 531, effectively avoiding soil compaction here. The knives 310 can be driven electrically, hydraulically, pneumatically or mechanically via a conventional linear actuator and are mounted, preferably spring-loaded and / or with play, so that they can move up and down along the cutting direction S.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic perspective illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation arrangement 100 with two soil cultivation units 200. The tillage arrangement 100 has the tillage unit 200 designed as a furrow opener or as a seeding disc 203 and a preceding tillage unit 200 with a tillage element 210 designed as a tillage unit 202, which is constructed with a revolving tillage chain 320. The soil loosening chain 320 of the soil loosening unit 202 is preferably driven electrically, hydraulically, pneumatically or mechanically via an actuator which is attached to the carrier device of the soil cultivation arrangement 100 and can, if necessary, "forwards" in the rolling direction of the soil cultivation discs of the furrow opener 203 or "backwards" the unrolling direction in the direction of rotation R indicated schematically. The soil loosening chain 320 is preferably, at least in sections, with a sawtooth profile, not shown here provided, the teeth of which extend straight or obliquely, in particular radially, outward, in the direction of the bottom 500. The soil loosening unit 202 having the soil loosening chain 320 has a sliding device 400 according to FIGS. 1 a, c which is hidden here for setting the working or penetration depth x. The soil loosening chain can be preceded by a pre-cutter, in particular an active coulter, to avoid clogging with plant and root residues.

A soil cultivation element 210, embodied as a precutter 201, of a second exemplary soil cultivation unit 200 for a soil cultivation arrangement 100 can be taken from FIG. 4, for example, in a schematic perspective illustration. The pre-cutter 201 comprises a single soil cultivation element 210, which is mounted rotatably about its axis of rotation 223 and is aligned parallel to the pulling direction Z, which here as a circular saw-like knife disc for cutting plant and root residues, rotating against the pulling direction Z or cutting actuators with a variably adjustable speed of rotation, as well as for preparing the seed furrow 530 to be produced. Along the circumferential or running surface 230, the soil working element 210 is provided with a tooth profile 232 pointing radially outward. Through the actuator-driven rotation of the soil cultivation element 210, any plant or root residues present on the soil surface 510 or in the soil 500 are carried along or carried away by the rotary movement and finally cut, in particular in cooperation with the sliding device. In order to make it easier to shear off plant or root residues, the pre-cutter 201 is therefore additionally designed with a sliding device 400, the front section 420 of which is raised in a runner-like manner relative to the ground surface 510. A centrally arranged and elongated slot-like recess 430 of the sliding device 400 is penetrated by the soil working disc. During operation of the soil cultivation arrangement 100, the soil cultivation unit 200 is moved along the pulling direction Z, the sliding device 400 sliding with its sliding surface 410 on the underside along the soil surface 510 and holding down any plant residues or pressing between them and the soil 500 for guaranteed cutting. At the same time, the sliding device 400 prevents any root residues located in the soil 500 are pulled out of the soil 500 by the rotating soil cultivation disc 210. In addition, the sliding device 400 is used to set the working or penetration depth x of the precutter 201. FIGS. 5a to 5c show a third exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention with a soil cultivation element 210 designed as a precutter 201 and a soil cultivation element 210 designed as a soil loosening unit 202 as well as the soil loosening unit 202 penetrate a common sliding device 400 which slides with its underside sliding surface 410 along the soil 500 or on the soil surface 510. In operation, the sliding device 400 cooperates with the precutter 201. Biomass to be cut, in particular plant and root residues, is retained by the sliding surface 410 of the sliding device 400. As a result of the relative movement of the rotating precutter 201, the cut is made at the edges of the recess 430 of the sliding device 400. The precutter 201 essentially corresponds to the previously described embodiments and is therefore not described again in detail. The soil cultivation element 210, which is designed as a soil loosening unit 202, follows the precutter 201 and comprises a soil loosening wing 350 which, starting from the sliding surface 410 of the sliding device 400 on the underside, extends towards the soil 500. The working or penetration depth x of the soil loosening wing 350 is determined by the sliding device 400. For this purpose, an upper section 351 of the soil loosening unit 202 adjoining the soil loosening wing 350 penetrates a correspondingly designed recess 430 and can be attached to the sliding device in specific, predetermined positions and / or positions, for example by means of screws or similar fastening means. For this purpose, the upper section 351 has a number of bores or other recesses that are spaced apart from one another. As can be seen from the detailed view in FIG. 5c, the side surfaces 351 facing the respectively adjacent seed furrow walls 531 are provided with loosening pins and / or loosening elements 300 which extend in the direction of the seed furrow walls 531. The loosening pins and / or loosening elements 300 are each conical here and move during operation, ie when the soil cultivation unit 200 is pulled along the pulling direction Z, along a horizontal path through the soil located in the region of the seed furrow walls 531, as a result of which the soil 500 is loosened. In connection with the leading precutter 201, which, in cooperation with the sliding device, enables particularly effective cutting of the biomass, accumulations of biomass or jams or blockages on the trailing soil loosening unit 202 comprising the soil loosening wing 350 are avoided.

The fourth exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention according to FIGS. 6a and 6b differs from the third embodiment just described only in the design of the soil loosening unit 202 or the soil loosening wing 350, which is why only this one is described in more detail below. According to the fourth embodiment, the loosening pins and / or loosening elements 300 provided on the side surfaces 351 of the soil working wing 350 are designed with a wedge-like geometry and are aligned parallel to one another along the soil working wing 350.

The fifth exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention according to FIGS. 7a and 7b also corresponds to the fourth embodiment described above and differs only in terms of a biostimulant, biological product, plant protection agent against insects, pests and diseases, as well as nutrient and / or fertilizer supply 352, which extends along a rear edge of both the upper section 151 and the tillage wing 350 and is used for supplying liquid nutrients and / or liquid fertilizers into the seed furrow 530. For this purpose, the working or penetration depth x of the tillage wing 350 expediently exceeds the placement depth of the seed.

Finally, a further exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation arrangement 100 according to the invention is shown in a schematic perspective illustration in FIG. The soil cultivation arrangement 100 comprises three soil cultivation units 200, which are designed as a pre-cutter 201, a soil loosening unit 202 and a furrow opener 203. The Pre-cutter 201 has a single tillage disc 210 and a sliding device 400. With regard to the pulling direction Z, the soil loosening unit 202 is arranged following the precutter 201 and likewise comprises a sliding device 400, which, however, is penetrated by three knives 310 that can move up and down transversely to the pulling direction Z. The furrow opener or the sowing disc 203 is arranged with two soil cultivation discs 210 each oriented at an angle to the pulling direction Z, terminating in the pulling direction Z or following the soil loosening unit 202.

During operation, ie when the soil cultivation arrangement 100 is pulled by an agricultural tractor in the pulling direction Z, plant and root residues can first be cut above and below ground by means of the pre-cutter 201, with an incision in the soil 500 that precedes the seed furrow 530 being produced . By means of the soil loosening unit 202, which is provided with three knives 310, the soil 500 is then loosened in the area of the seed furrow 530 to be produced, in this embodiment the rectangular cross-sectional area of the

Soil loosening unit loosened soil 500 the V-shaped

Cross-sectional area of the seed furrow 530, in particular in the area of the

Seed furrow walls 531 protruded. As a result, the soil is loosened extensively around the seed furrow 530 to be produced, so that compaction of the soil 500 in the region of the seed furrow walls 531 is effectively prevented. Instead of the knife 310, a soil loosening unit 202 having a soil cultivation wing 350 can optionally also be provided at this position. Finally, the actual seed furrow 530 is drawn by the furrow opener or the sowing disc 203, the surrounding soil being displaced laterally in the manner of a plow by the inclined tillage discs 210. In order to prevent the compaction in the area of the seed furrow walls 531 that inevitably occurs during this work step, the soil cultivation discs 210 are each provided with the loosening pins 300 on their outer circular surface 221, which during the generation of the seed furrow 530 along a respective cycloid, in particular an epicycloid path through the soil adjacent seed furrow walls 531 are drawn and loosen them up. A special synergetic effect for loosening the soil can be achieved through the interaction with a soil loosening unit 202 (see Fig. 5-7) which precedes the furrow ornament 203 and has a soil loosening wing 350. The loosening pins and / or loosening elements 300 of the soil loosening wing 350 move along respective horizontal paths through the soil, the subsequent loosening pins and / or loosening elements 300 of the furrow opener or the sowing disc 203, which move along epicycloid paths, cross the previously generated horizontal paths multiple times and at different angles, whereby maximum loosening of the soil in the area of the seed furrow walls 531 is achieved.

Two schematic perspective views of an exemplary embodiment of a soil cultivation unit 200 according to the invention with a

Soil loosening unit 202 comprising two in pulling direction or

In the forward travel direction Z, milling heads 340 arranged next to one another with axes of rotation 341 aligned parallel to one another can be seen in FIG. Depending on the depth of the seed furrow to be produced, however, more than two milling heads 340 can also be arranged next to one another. For depth control, the soil cultivation unit shown in FIG. 9 is provided with a sliding device 400 which is designed with one or more recesses 430 through which the milling heads 340 pass. Alternatively, the sliding device 400 can also be dispensed with.

FIG. 10 shows two schematic perspective views of a further exemplary embodiment of an inventive

Soil cultivation unit 200 can be removed with a soil loosening unit 202 with a single milling head 340. The milling head 340 or its axis of rotation 341 is arranged here centrally within an optional sliding device 400 and penetrating a recess 430 provided therein. Alternatively, according to FIG. 11, two or more milling heads 340 can also be arranged one behind the other or in series with respect to the pulling direction or forward travel direction Z. When using several milling heads 340 arranged one behind the other, it has been found to be advantageous to design them with different diameters, with the milling head arranged foremost in the forward travel direction Z. 340 expediently has the smallest and the rearmost milling head 340 has the largest diameter.

The respective milling heads 340 of the previously described embodiments according to FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 are driven by one or more drive units, not shown here, which are preferably designed as an electrically, pneumatically, mechanically or hydraulically driven rotary actuator. By means of the drive unit and, if necessary, interposed gear elements, the milling heads 340 can be rotated at the desired speed in the same or opposite direction of rotation about their respective axis of rotation 341. The chosen arrangement of the milling heads 340, i. H. a single milling head 340, two or more milling heads 340 next to one another and / or two or more milling heads 340 one behind the other can, if necessary, be adapted to the existing soil conditions.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 100 soil cultivation arrangement

200 tillage unit

201 pre-cutter

202 Soil loosening unit

203 furrow opener or seed disc

210 tillage element

211 leading end

212 trailing end

220 circular area

221 outer circular area

222 inside circular area

223 axis of rotation

224 receiving recesses

230 circumferential or running surface

231 cutting edge

232 tooth profile

300 loosening pins

310 knives

320 soil loosening chain

330 teeth

340 milling head

341 axis of rotation

350 soil loosening wings

351 Side surface of the soil loosening wing

352 Nutrient and / or fertilizer supply 400 sliding device

410 sliding surface

420 front section

430 recess

500 soil

510 floor surface

520 uppermost soil horizon

530 seed furrow

531 seed furrow wall x working or penetration depth

a seed furrow depth

b Seed furrow width

Z direction of pull or forward direction of travel

R direction of rotation

S cutting direction

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Soil cultivation arrangement (100), in particular

Soil preparation arrangement for agricultural cultivation of a soil (500), in particular a field and / or arable land, with a

Carrier device for attaching to an agricultural tractor and with one or more tillage units (200) for preparing and / or generating a seed furrow (530), which tillage units (200) as modular components of the tillage arrangement (100), in particular

If necessary, the soil preparation arrangement can be connected to the carrier device and / or to a sowing unit that can be towed by the agricultural tractor and can be arranged along the carrier device in the desired sequence,

characterized in that

at least one floor treatment unit (200) has a skid-like sliding device (400), the underside of which sliding surface (410) facing the floor (500) is designed to slide along a floor surface (510).

2. Soil cultivation arrangement (100), in particular

Soil preparation arrangement according to claim 1,

characterized in that

one or more soil cultivation elements (210) the sliding surface (410) of the sliding device (400) by a variably adjustable working or penetration depth

(x) rise above, in particular enforce.

3. Soil cultivation arrangement (100), in particular

Soil preparation arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

one or more soil cultivation elements (210) are driven by an actuator independently of the travel speed and the pulling direction or forward travel direction (Z) of the agricultural tractor.

4. Soil cultivation arrangement (100), in particular

at least one soil cultivation element (210) is designed as a pre-cutter (201) and / or soil loosening unit (202) and for cutting biomass, in particular plants and root residues, with the

Sliding device cooperates.

5. Soil cultivation arrangement (100), in particular soil preparation arrangement, according to claim 4,

characterized in that

At least one soil cultivation element (210) is designed as a pre-cutter (201) with a single rotatably mounted soil cultivation disc, in particular a knife disc, the soil cultivation disc for cutting biomass, in particular plant and root remains, and for preparing the seed furrow (530) to be produced along its outer circumferential or running surface (230) is provided with a radially extending cutting and / or tooth profile (232).

6. Soil cultivation arrangement (100), in particular

Soil preparation arrangement according to claim 5,

characterized in that

the rotatably mounted soil cultivation disc of the precutter (201) is driven by an actuator independent of the travel speed and against the pulling direction or forward travel direction (Z) of the agricultural tractor.

7. Soil cultivation arrangement (100), in particular

at least one soil cultivation element (210) is designed as a soil loosening unit (202) with one or more knives (310) which are used to cut biomass, in particular plant and root remains, to loosen the soil (500) and to prepare the The seed furrow (530) can be moved translationally, in particular transversely, to the pulling direction or forward travel direction (Z) of the scenic tractor.

8. Soil cultivation arrangement (100), in particular

Soil preparation arrangement according to claim 7,

characterized in that

the one or more knives (310) of the soil loosening unit (202) are arranged to penetrate a slot-like recess (430) of the sliding device (400), with each knife (310) preferably being assigned a respective slot-like recess (430).

9. Soil cultivation arrangement (100), in particular

at least one soil cultivation element (210) is designed as a soil loosening unit (202) with a revolving soil loosening chain (320) which is used for cutting plant and root residues, loosening the soil (500) and preparing the seed furrow (530) to be produced in the manner of a motorized chainsaw driven by an actuator and with a

Sawtooth profiling is formed.

10. Soil cultivation arrangement (100), in particular

at least one soil cultivation element (210) is designed as a soil loosening unit (202) with a soil loosening wing (350) engaging in the soil (500) starting from the sliding surface (410) of the sliding device (400).

11. Soil cultivation arrangement (100), in particular

Soil preparation arrangement according to claim 10,

characterized in that

the soil loosening wing (350) is arranged passing, in particular penetrating, the sliding device (400) and for the variable setting of a desired working or penetration depth (x) can be locked in different positions and / or positions on the sliding device (400).

12. Soil working arrangement (100), in particular soil preparation arrangement, according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that

the side surfaces (351) of the soil loosening wing (350) facing the respective seed furrow wall (531) are provided with loosening pins and / or loosening elements (300), which loosening pins and / or loosening elements (300) for loosening the soil (500) in the area of the respective Seed furrow wall (531) are formed.

13. Soil cultivation unit (200) for connection to a carrier device of a soil cultivation arrangement (100) according to one of the preceding claims, with one or more soil cultivation elements (210) for

Loosening of the soil and / or for cutting biomass, in particular plant and / or root remains,

characterized in that

the soil working unit (200) has a runner-like sliding device (400), the underside of which faces the soil

Sliding surface (410) is designed for sliding along a floor surface (510).

14. Soil cultivation unit (200) according to claim 13,

characterized in that

the soil cultivation unit (200) has at least one soil cultivation element (210) designed as a pre-cutter (201) and one as a soil loosening unit (202).

15. Soil cultivation unit (200) according to claim 14,

characterized in that

the soil cultivation element (210) designed as a pre-cutter (201) and as a soil loosening unit (202) each which the sliding surface (410) project beyond the sliding device (400) by a variably adjustable working or penetration depth (x), in particular enforce it.