EP3994229A1 - Utilisation du 2,3,3,3-tétrafluoropropène pour le refroidissement d'une batterie comportant une électrode positive de type oxyde - Google Patents
Utilisation du 2,3,3,3-tétrafluoropropène pour le refroidissement d'une batterie comportant une électrode positive de type oxydeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3994229A1 EP3994229A1 EP20740375.9A EP20740375A EP3994229A1 EP 3994229 A1 EP3994229 A1 EP 3994229A1 EP 20740375 A EP20740375 A EP 20740375A EP 3994229 A1 EP3994229 A1 EP 3994229A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- refrigerant
- temperature
- equal
- tetrafluoropropene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910013692 LiNixMnyCozC Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013172 LiNixCoy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910013100 LiNix Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910013710 LiNixMnyCozO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 12
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZVQOOHYFBIDMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-lambda(6)-sulfanylidene]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CN=S(C)(=O)C(C)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)N=C1 ZVQOOHYFBIDMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)F WXGNWUVNYMJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013503 LiNixMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethane Chemical compound CCF UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTBFPVLHGVYOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl phenyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XTBFPVLHGVYOQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)F GTLACDSXYULKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FOWDZVNRQHPXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(O)=O FOWDZVNRQHPXDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDWQLICBSFIDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoropropane Chemical compound CCC(F)(F)F KDWQLICBSFIDRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940051271 1,1-difluoroethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FWZHZWOOUOCBME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4,6-tetrafluoro-2,5-dimethoxy-5-methylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound COC1(C)C(C(=C(C(=C1F)F)OC)F)F FWZHZWOOUOCBME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOCCCC DURPTKYDGMDSBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMZYCBHLNZVROM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1F MMZYCBHLNZVROM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKDGWNHUETZZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1C(C)(C)C SKDGWNHUETZZCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUGNJOCQALIQFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C=C)=CC=C21 XUGNJOCQALIQFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXDXXGXWFJCXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-furonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CO1 YXDXXGXWFJCXEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFPQDYSOPQHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxypropanenitrile Chemical compound COC(C)C#N SFPQDYSOPQHZAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-Butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1O WJQOZHYUIDYNHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical class C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPJEFOSTIKRSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propanenitrile Chemical compound CN(C)CCC#N MTPJEFOSTIKRSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTYXUWCJYMNDQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylpyridazine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CN=N1 DTYXUWCJYMNDQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTQMTUQXPWPJIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylpentanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCC(C)CC#N WTQMTUQXPWPJIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKZFQPGIDVGTLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1COC(=O)O1 GKZFQPGIDVGTLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical class C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910008405 Li-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010941 LiFSI Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012223 LiPFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007049 Li—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCC#N RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical class CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical group [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] Chemical class [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLDHWVVRQCGZLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl cyanide Chemical compound CC(=O)C#N QLDHWVVRQCGZLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004074 biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JZQAAQZDDMEFGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl) hexanedioate Chemical class C=COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OC=C JZQAAQZDDMEFGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- CCRCUPLGCSFEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic acid methyl ester Chemical class COC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CCRCUPLGCSFEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DFJYZCUIKPGCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCCCCCC#N DFJYZCUIKPGCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005558 epichlorohydrin rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- BGSFCOHRQUBESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl prop-2-enyl carbonate Chemical class CCOC(=O)OCC=C BGSFCOHRQUBESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006168 hydrated nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)C#N LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHDRKFYEGYYIIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CC#N QHDRKFYEGYYIIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium tin Chemical compound [Li].[Sn] UIDWHMKSOZZDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical class O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N malononitrile Chemical compound N#CCC#N CUONGYYJJVDODC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002735 metacrylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005217 methyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CCRCUPLGCSFEDV-BQYQJAHWSA-N methyl trans-cinnamate Chemical class COC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CCRCUPLGCSFEDV-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical group CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JAMNHZBIQDNHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalonitrile Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C#N JAMNHZBIQDNHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1B(C=1C(=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C=1F)F)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F OBAJXDYVZBHCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical class [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/651—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
- H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/22—All components of a mixture being fluoro compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/24—Only one single fluoro component present
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of 2, 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene for cooling a battery having a positive oxide electrode.
- HFO-1234yf 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene
- GWP global warming potential
- Electric vehicles have a battery comprising electrochemical cells.
- Each electrochemical cell has a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator and an electrolyte.
- the operation of the battery can be more or less affected, or even the battery can be more or less degraded, depending on the temperature.
- Document FR 2 937 906 describes a method for heating and / or air conditioning a motor vehicle interior using a reversible refrigerant loop in which circulates a refrigerant comprising 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. . This process is also suitable for hybrid vehicles designed to operate alternately on a heat engine and an electric motor.
- Document EP 2 880 739 discloses a system for charging an electric vehicle battery which at the same time makes it possible to control the temperature of the vehicle battery as well as the temperature of the passenger compartment.
- Document US 5,305,613 describes a heating and air conditioning system for the passenger compartment of an electric vehicle that is operated before starting the vehicle to increase the comfort of the driver.
- Document US 201 1/0139397 describes a method for controlling the temperature of the compartment of an electric vehicle, by means of a refrigerant circuit.
- the refrigerant circuit is in particular coupled with the battery.
- the battery is maintained at a temperature between a minimum temperature ti and a maximum temperature t2.
- the minimum temperature ti is greater than or equal to 10 ° C and the maximum temperature t2 is less than or equal to 40 ° C, preferably the minimum temperature ti is greater than or equal to 15 ° C and the maximum temperature fe is less than or equal to 30 ° C, and more preferably the minimum temperature ti is greater than or equal to 16 ° C and the maximum temperature fe is less than or equal to 28 ° C.
- the refrigerant circulates in a vapor compression circuit.
- the vapor compression circuit is also suitable for heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle and / or for cooling the passenger compartment of the vehicle and / or for heating the battery of the vehicle.
- the refrigerant consists essentially of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
- the refrigerant comprises about 78.5 wt% 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and about 21.5 wt% difluoromethane.
- the method comprises:
- the minimum temperature ti is greater than or equal to 10 ° C and the maximum temperature t2 is less than or equal to 40 ° C, preferably the minimum temperature ti is greater than or equal to 15 ° C and the maximum temperature fe is less than or equal to 30 ° C, and more preferably the minimum temperature ti is greater than or equal to 16 ° C and the maximum temperature fe is less than or equal to 28 ° C.
- the maintenance of the vehicle battery at a temperature between ti and t2 is carried out alternately by cooling the battery with the refrigerant fluid and by heating the battery.
- the heating of the battery is effected by the refrigerant; and / or the heating of the battery is carried out by an electric resistance.
- the refrigerant circulates in a vapor compression circuit.
- the refrigerant consists essentially of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
- the refrigerant comprises about 78.5 wt% 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and about 21.5 wt% difluoromethane.
- the present invention makes it possible to meet the need expressed above. It makes it possible to ensure optimal operation of electric vehicle batteries and to avoid their degradation, and more particularly of batteries whose electrochemical cells comprise a positive electrode comprising an oxide of formula LiNixMn y Coz02 or LiNixCoyAlz where x> y and x> z as an electrochemically active material.
- These so-called high nickel content materials have many advantages, and in particular a higher capacity and a higher nominal voltage.
- electric vehicle (optionally “hybrid”) is meant a motorized device capable of moving or transporting people or equipment, the motor of which is supplied with electrical energy by a motive battery (preferably in all, but possibly only in part. in the case of a hybrid electric vehicle).
- a motive battery preferably in all, but possibly only in part. in the case of a hybrid electric vehicle.
- the motive battery is called more simply “battery” in the context of the present application.
- the electric vehicle is preferably an electric automobile. Alternatively, it can be an electric truck or an electric bus.
- the battery comprises at least one electrochemical cell, and preferably a plurality.
- Each electrochemical cell has a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- Each electrochemical cell can also include a separator, in which the electrolyte is impregnated.
- the electrochemical cells can be assembled in series and / or in parallel in the battery.
- negative electrode is meant the electrode which acts as an anode when the battery delivers current (that is to say when it is in the process of discharging) and which acts as a cathode when the battery is discharged. is charging.
- the negative electrode typically comprises an electrochemically active material, optionally an electronically conductive material, and optionally a binder.
- positive electrode is meant the electrode which acts as a cathode when the battery delivers current (that is to say when it is in the process of discharging) and which acts as anode when the battery is discharged. is charging.
- the positive electrode typically comprises an electrochemically active material, optionally an electronically conductive material, and optionally a binder.
- electrochemically active material a material capable of reversibly inserting ions.
- electronically conductive material means a material capable of conducting electrons.
- the negative electrode of the electrochemical cell can in particular comprise, as electrochemically active material, graphite, lithium, a lithium alloy, a lithium titanate of the LLTi50i2 type or titanium oxide PO2, silicon or an alloy of lithium and silicon, tin oxide, an intermetallic compound of lithium, or a mixture thereof.
- the negative electrode when it comprises lithium, it may be in the form of a metallic lithium film or an alloy comprising lithium.
- the lithium-based alloys which may be used, mention may be made, for example, of lithium-aluminum alloys, lithium-silica alloys, lithium-tin alloys, Li-Zn, LhBi, LhCd and U3SB.
- An example of a negative electrode may include a live lithium film prepared by laminating, between rolls, a lithium strip.
- NMC532 LiNio, 5Mno, 3Coo, 202
- NMC622 LiNio, 6Mno, 2Coo, 202
- NMC811 LiNio, 8Mno, iCoo, i02
- the oxide material described above can optionally be combined with another oxide such as for example: manganese dioxide (MnC> 2), iron oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, lithium-manganese composite oxides (for example LixMn204 or LixMnC), lithium-nickel composition oxides (for example Li x NiC> 2), lithium-cobalt composition oxides (for example LixCoC> 2), lithium-nickel composite oxides -cobalt (for example LiNi-i- y CoyC> 2), composite oxides of lithium and transition metal, composite lithium-manganese-nickel oxides of spinel structure (for example LixMn2-yNiyC> 4), oxides of vanadium, the oxides NMC and NCA which do not contain a high nickel content, and their mixtures.
- MnC> 2 manganese dioxide
- iron oxide iron oxide
- copper oxide for example LixMn204 or LixMnC
- lithium-nickel composition oxides for example Li x NiC> 2
- the NMC or NCA oxide with a high nickel content represents at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 75% by weight, more preferably at least 90% by weight, and more preferably still essentially all, of the oxide material present in the positive electrode as an electrochemically active material.
- each electrode may also comprise, besides the electrochemically active material, an electronically conductive material such as a carbon source, including, for example, carbon black, carbon Ketjen ®, carbon Shawinigan, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers (eg, gas-phase formed carbon fibers or VGCF), non-powdery carbon obtained by carbonizing an organic precursor, or a combination of two or more thereof.
- an electronically conductive material such as a carbon source, including, for example, carbon black, carbon Ketjen ®, carbon Shawinigan, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers (eg, gas-phase formed carbon fibers or VGCF), non-powdery carbon obtained by carbonizing an organic precursor, or a combination of two or more thereof.
- Other additives may also be present in the material of the positive electrode, such as lithium salts or inorganic particles of ceramic or glass type, or even other compatible active materials (for example, sulfur).
- the material of each electrode can also include a binder.
- binders include linear, branched and / or crosslinked polyether polymeric binders (eg, polymers based on poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), or poly (propylene oxide) (PPO) or a mixture of the two (or an EO / PO copolymer), and optionally comprising crosslinkable units), water-soluble binders (such as SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), NBR (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber), HNBR (hydrogenated NBR), CHR (epichlorohydrin rubber), ACM (acrylate rubber)), or fluoropolymer type binders (such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), and combinations thereof.
- Some binders, such as those soluble in water, may also include an additive such as CMC (carboxymethylcellulose).
- the separator can be a porous polymer film.
- the separator may consist of a porous polyolefin film such as ethylene homopolymers, propylene homopolymers, ethylene / butene copolymers, ethylene / hexene copolymers, ethylene / methacrylate copolymers, or multilayer structures of the above polymers.
- the electrolyte can consist of one or more lithium salts dissolved in a solvent or a mixture of solvents with one or more additives.
- the lithium salt or the lithium salts can be chosen from LiPFe (lithium hexafluorophosphate), LiFSI (lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide), LiTDI (2-trifluoromethyl-4, Lithium 5-dicyanoimidazolate), LiPOF 2 , ⁇ B ⁇ O, LiF 2 B (C2C> 4) 2, LiBF 4 , LiNOs, UCI04.
- the solvent (s) can be chosen from the following non-exhaustive list: ethers, esters, ketones, alcohols, nitriles and carbonates.
- ethers such as, for example, dimethoxyethane (DME), methyl ethers of oligoethylene glycols of 2 to 5 oxyethylene units, dioxolane, dioxane, dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and their mixtures.
- DME dimethoxyethane
- methyl ethers of oligoethylene glycols of 2 to 5 oxyethylene units dioxolane, dioxane, dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and their mixtures.
- esters mention may be made of phosphoric acid esters or sulfite esters. Mention may be made, for example, of methyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, gamma butyrolactone or mixtures thereof.
- ketones mention may in particular be made of cyclohexanone.
- alcohols there may be mentioned, for example, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol.
- nitriles mention may be made, for example, of acetonitrile, pyruvonitrile, propionitrile, methoxypropionitrile, dimethylaminopropionitrile, butyronitrile, isobutyronitrile, valeronitrile, pivalonitrile, isovaleronitrile, glutaronitroxy 2aronitrile - methylglutaronitrile, 3-methylglutaronitrile, adiponitrile, malononitrile, and mixtures thereof.
- cyclic carbonates such as, for example, ethylene carbonate (EC) (CAS: 96-49-1), propylene carbonate (PC) (CAS: 108-32-7) , butylene carbonate (BC) (CAS: 4437-85-8), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (CAS: 616-38-6), diethyl carbonate (DEC) (CAS: 105-58-8 ), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) (CAS: 623-53-0), diphenyl carbonate (CAS 102-09-0), methyl phenyl carbonate (CAS: 13509-27-8), carbonate of dipropyl (DPC) (CAS: 623-96-1), methyl and propyl carbonate (MPC) (CAS: 1333-41 -1), ethyl and propyl carbonate (EPC), carbonate of vinylene (VC) (CAS: 872-36-6), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) (CAS:
- the additive (s) may be chosen from the group consisting of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate, 4-vinyl-1, 3-dioxolan-2-one, pyridazine, vinyl pyridazine, quinoline, vinyl quinoline, butadiene, sebaconitrile, alkyldisulfides, fluorotoluene, 1, 4-dimethoxytetrafluorotoluene, t-butylphenol, di-t-butylphenol, tris (pentafluorophenyl) borane, oximes, epoxides aliphatics, halogenated biphenyls, metacrylic acids, allyl ethyl carbonate, vinyl acetate, divinyl adipate, propanesultone, acrylonitrile, 2-vinylpyridine, maleic anhydride, methyl cinnamate, phosphonates, vinyl containing silane compounds, 2-cyan
- HFO-1234yf refers to 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
- refrigerant means a fluid capable of absorbing heat by evaporating at low temperature and low pressure and of rejecting heat by condensing at high temperature and high pressure, in a vapor compression circuit. , depending on the application considered.
- a refrigerant can consist essentially of a single compound or be a mixture of several compounds.
- the invention uses a refrigerant comprising HFO-1234yf.
- Other heat transfer compounds may or may not be present in the refrigerant in combination with HFO-1234yf.
- the refrigerant can be combined with lubricants and / or additives, to form a heat transfer composition.
- the heat transfer composition is present and circulates in the vapor compression circuit.
- the refrigerant of the invention consists essentially of, or even consists of, HFO-1234yf.
- this refrigerant comprises HFO-1234yf in admixture with one or more other heat transfer compounds, such as hydrofluorocarbons and / or hydrofluoroolefins and / or hydrocarbons and / or hydrochlorofluoroolefins and / or CO2 .
- hydrofluorocarbons mention may in particular be made of difluoromethane (HFC-32), pentafluoroethane (HFC-125), 1, 1, 2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134), 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (FIFC-134a), 1, 1 -difluoroethane (FIFC-152a), fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1, 1, 1, 2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (FIFC-227ea), 1 , 1, 1 -trifluoropropane (FIFC-263fb) and mixtures thereof.
- HFC-32 difluoromethane
- HFC-125 pentafluoroethane
- HFC-134 1, 1, 2,2-tetrafluoroethane
- FIFC-134a 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane
- FIFC-152a 1, 1 -difluoroethane
- hydrofluoroolefins mention may in particular be made of 1, 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze), in cis and / or trans form, and preferably in trans form; and trifluoroethylene (HFO-1,123).
- HFO-1234ze 1, 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- HFO-1,123 trifluoroethylene
- hydrochlorofluoroolefins mention may in particular be made of 1 -chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd), in cis and / or trans form, and preferably in trans form.
- HCFO-1233zd 1 -chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene
- this refrigerant comprises at least 50% HFO-1234yf, or at least 60% HFO-1234yf, or at least 70% HFO-1234yf, or at least 80% HFO-1234yf, or at least 90% HFO-1234yf, or at least 95% HFO-1234yf, by weight.
- the refrigerant consists essentially, if not consists, of HFO-1234yf and HFC-32.
- the content of HFO-1234yf is preferably from about 60 to about 95% by weight, more preferably from about 70 to about 90% by weight, more preferably from about 75 to about 85% by weight, preferably still about 78.5% by weight;
- the HFC-32 content is preferably from about 5 to about 40% by weight, more preferably from about 10 to about 30% by weight, more preferably from about 15 to about 25% by weight, and more preferably about 21.5% by weight.
- the additives which can be added to the refrigerant to form the heat transfer composition can in particular be chosen from nanoparticles, stabilizers, surfactants, tracers, fluorescent agents, odorous agents and solubilizing agents.
- the total amount of additives does not exceed 5% by weight, in particular 4%, in particular 3% and very particularly 2% by weight or even 1% by weight of the refrigerant.
- the HFO-1234yf contains impurities. When they are present, they may represent less than 1%, preferably less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.1%, preferably less than 0.05% and preferably less than 0.01% ( by weight) relative to HFO-1234yf.
- One or more lubricants may be present in the heat transfer composition. These lubricants can be chosen from esters of polyols (POE), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), or polyvinyl ethers (PVE).
- POE polyols
- PAG polyalkylene glycols
- PVE polyvinyl ethers
- the lubricants can represent from 1 to 50%, preferably from 2 to 40% and more preferably from 5 to 30% (by weight) of the heat transfer composition.
- the cooling of the battery according to the invention is preferably carried out by means of an installation, which comprises a vapor compression circuit.
- the vapor compression circuit contains the above refrigerant, which provides heat transfer.
- the vapor compression circuit is also suitable for heating the vehicle battery.
- the vapor compression circuit is also suitable for heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the vapor compression circuit is also suitable for air conditioning (cooling) the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the vapor compression circuit may include different branches equipped with separate heat exchangers, the refrigerant circulating or not circulating in these branches, depending on the mode of operation.
- the vapor compression circuit may include means for changing the direction of circulation of the refrigerant, comprising for example one or more three-way or four-way valves.
- the main steps of the heat transfer process are carried out cyclically and include:
- the evaporation of the refrigerant can be carried out from a liquid phase or from a two-phase liquid / vapor mixture.
- the compressor can be hermetic, semi-hermetic or open.
- Hermetic compressors include a motor part and a compression part which are confined in a non-removable hermetic enclosure.
- Semi-hermetic compressors include a motor part and a compression part which are directly assembled against each other. The coupling between the engine part and the compression part is accessible by separating the two parts by disassembly.
- Open compressors have a motor part and a compression part which are separate. They can operate by belt drive or by direct coupling.
- a compressor it is possible to use in particular a dynamic compressor, or a positive displacement compressor.
- Dynamic compressors include axial compressors and centrifugal compressors, which can be single or multi-stage. Mini centrifugal compressors can also be used.
- Positive displacement compressors include rotary compressors and reciprocating compressors.
- Reciprocating compressors include diaphragm compressors and reciprocating compressors.
- Rotary compressors include screw compressors, rotary lobe compressors, scroll (or scroll) compressors, liquid ring compressors, and vane compressors.
- the screw compressors can preferably be twin-screw or single-screw.
- the implementation of the invention is particularly advantageous when a scroll compressor is used because of its good performance under typical conditions of a motor vehicle.
- the compressor may include a device for injecting steam or liquid. Injection involves introducing refrigerant in the liquid or vapor state into the compressor at an intermediate level between the start and end of compression.
- the compressor can be driven by an electric motor or by a gas turbine (for example powered by the exhaust gases of a vehicle) or by gearing.
- the evaporator and the condenser are heat exchangers. It is possible to use any type of heat exchanger in the invention, and in particular cocurrent heat exchangers or, preferably, countercurrent heat exchangers.
- counter-current heat exchanger a heat exchanger in which heat is exchanged between a first fluid and a second fluid, the first fluid at the inlet of the exchanger exchanging heat with the heat exchanger.
- second fluid at the outlet of the exchanger, and the first fluid at the outlet of the exchanger exchanging heat with the second fluid at the inlet of the exchanger is meant.
- countercurrent heat exchangers include devices in which the flow of the first fluid and the flow of the second fluid are in opposite, or nearly opposite, directions. Exchangers operating in cross-current mode with a counter-current tendency are also included among the counter-current heat exchangers.
- the heat exchangers can in particular be U-tube, horizontal or vertical tube bundle, spiral, plate or finned exchangers.
- the installation can also optionally include at least one heat transfer fluid circuit used to transport heat (with or without change of state) between the circuit of the heat transfer composition and the battery.
- the installation does not include a heat transfer fluid circuit used to transport heat between the heat transfer composition circuit and the battery.
- a heat exchanger of the circuit containing the heat transfer composition ensures a heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air, which is then blown onto the coil to ensure the heat exchange. with the battery itself.
- a heat exchanger of the circuit containing the heat transfer composition is in contact with the battery or integrated into the battery.
- the installation can also optionally include two vapor compression circuits (or more), containing identical or different heat transfer compositions.
- vapor compression circuits can be coupled together.
- the installation comprises a single vapor compression circuit.
- the refrigerant can be superheated between evaporation and compression, that is to say it can be brought to a temperature higher than the end of evaporation temperature, between evaporation and compression.
- evaporation start temperature is meant the temperature of the refrigerant entering the evaporator.
- end of evaporation temperature is meant the temperature of the refrigerant during the evaporation of the last drop of refrigerant in liquid form (saturated vapor temperature or dew point temperature).
- the evaporation start temperature is equal to the evaporation end temperature at constant pressure.
- the term “superheating” denotes the temperature differential between the maximum temperature reached by the refrigerant before compression (i.e. the maximum temperature reached by the refrigerant at the end of the superheating step) and the end of evaporation temperature.
- This maximum temperature is generally the temperature of the refrigerant entering the compressor. It can correspond to the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator.
- the refrigerant can be at least partly superheated between the evaporator and the compressor (for example by means of an internal exchanger).
- the superheating can be adjusted by an appropriate adjustment of the parameters of the installation, and in particular by an adjustment of the expansion module.
- the superheating may be 1 to 25 ° C, preferably 2 to 10 ° C, preferably 3 to 7 ° C and more preferably 4 to 6 ° C.
- the refrigerant can be sub-cooled between the condensation and the expansion, that is to say it can be brought to a temperature below the end of condensation temperature, between the condensation and the expansion. relaxation.
- temperature of the start of condensation is meant the temperature of the refrigerant in the condenser when the first liquid drop of refrigerant appears, called the vapor saturation temperature or dew point temperature.
- end of condensation temperature is meant the temperature of the refrigerant during the condensation of the last fluid bubble. refrigerant in gaseous form, called liquid saturation temperature or bubble temperature.
- sub-cooling denotes the possible temperature differential (in absolute value) between the minimum temperature reached by the refrigerant before expansion (that is, say the minimum temperature reached by the refrigerant at the end of the sub-cooling step) and the end of condensation temperature.
- This minimum temperature is generally the temperature of the refrigerant entering the expansion module. It can correspond to the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser.
- the refrigerant can be at least partly sub-cooled between the condenser and the expansion module (for example by means of an internal exchanger).
- the subcooling when present, may be 1 to 50 ° C, preferably 1 to 40 ° C, preferably 1 to 30 ° C, preferably 1 at 20 ° C, from 1 to 15 ° C, preferably from 1 to 10 ° C and more preferably from 1 to 5 ° C.
- the expansion module can be a thermostatic valve called a thermostatic or electronic expansion valve with one or more ports, or a pressostatic expansion valve that regulates the pressure. It can also be a capillary tube in which the expansion of the fluid is obtained by the pressure drop in the tube.
- the invention relates to the use of a refrigerant comprising HFO-1234yf for cooling the above battery.
- battery temperature is generally meant the temperature of an outer wall of one or more of its electrochemical cells.
- the temperature of the battery can be measured using a temperature sensor. If several temperature sensors are present in the battery, the battery temperature can be considered as being the average of the different measured temperatures.
- the above cooling can be performed while the vehicle battery is charging. Alternatively, it can be carried out when the battery is discharged, in particular when the vehicle engine is on. It is used to prevent the battery temperature from becoming excessive, causing due to the outside temperature and / or due to the self-heating of this battery in operation.
- said cooling allows the temperature of the battery to be lowered by at least 5 ° C, or by at least 10 ° C, or by at least 15 ° C, or by at least 20 ° C, or at least 25 ° C or at least 30 ° C.
- the cooling of the battery is continuous over a period of time.
- the cooling of the battery alternates with periods of interruption or even periods in which the battery is heated.
- the battery can be by means of the vapor compression circuit described above and / or by means of an electrical resistance.
- the cooling and optionally the heating make it possible to maintain the temperature of the battery within an optimum temperature range, in particular when the vehicle is in operation (engine on), and in particular when the vehicle is moving. Indeed, if the temperature of the battery is too low, the performance of the latter is likely to decrease significantly.
- the temperature of the vehicle battery is thus maintained between a minimum temperature ti and a maximum temperature t2.
- the minimum temperature ti is greater than or equal to 10 ° C and the maximum temperature t2 is less than or equal to 40 ° C, preferably the minimum temperature ti is greater than or equal to 15 ° C and the maximum temperature fe is less than or equal to 30 ° C, and more preferably the minimum temperature ti is greater than or equal to 16 ° C and the maximum temperature fe is less than or equal to 28 ° C.
- a feedback loop is advantageously present, to modify the operating parameters of the installation according to the temperature of the battery which is measured, in order to ensure that the desired temperature is maintained.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Algebra (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1907556A FR3098222B1 (fr) | 2019-07-05 | 2019-07-05 | Utilisation du 2,3,3,3-tétrafluoropropène pour le refroidissement d’une batterie comportant une électrode positive de type oxyde |
PCT/FR2020/050945 WO2021005276A1 (fr) | 2019-07-05 | 2020-06-03 | Utilisation du 2,3,3,3-tétrafluoropropène pour le refroidissement d'une batterie comportant une électrode positive de type oxyde |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3994229A1 true EP3994229A1 (fr) | 2022-05-11 |
Family
ID=69172842
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20740375.9A Withdrawn EP3994229A1 (fr) | 2019-07-05 | 2020-06-03 | Utilisation du 2,3,3,3-tétrafluoropropène pour le refroidissement d'une batterie comportant une électrode positive de type oxyde |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220367942A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3994229A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2022538483A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN114080714A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3098222B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2021005276A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3267993B2 (ja) | 1991-11-27 | 2002-03-25 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 車両用エアコンディショニングシステム |
FR2937906B1 (fr) * | 2008-11-03 | 2010-11-19 | Arkema France | Procede de chauffage et/ou climatisation d'un vehicule. |
DE102009043316A1 (de) | 2009-09-28 | 2011-03-31 | Valeo Klimasysteme Gmbh | Verfahren zur Steuerung der Innenraumtemperatur eines elektrisch betriebenen Fahrzeugs und Klimaanlagensystem |
JP6201434B2 (ja) | 2012-07-18 | 2017-09-27 | 株式会社デンソー | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
US8751085B2 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2014-06-10 | Chrysler Group Llc | Method and system for battery charging and thermal management control in electrified vehicles |
FR3062714A1 (fr) * | 2017-02-06 | 2018-08-10 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Circuit de gestion thermique et echangeur thermique associe |
-
2019
- 2019-07-05 FR FR1907556A patent/FR3098222B1/fr active Active
-
2020
- 2020-06-03 US US17/624,194 patent/US20220367942A1/en active Pending
- 2020-06-03 EP EP20740375.9A patent/EP3994229A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-06-03 WO PCT/FR2020/050945 patent/WO2021005276A1/fr unknown
- 2020-06-03 JP JP2022500012A patent/JP2022538483A/ja active Pending
- 2020-06-03 CN CN202080049208.6A patent/CN114080714A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2021005276A1 (fr) | 2021-01-14 |
CN114080714A (zh) | 2022-02-22 |
FR3098222A1 (fr) | 2021-01-08 |
US20220367942A1 (en) | 2022-11-17 |
FR3098222B1 (fr) | 2023-12-08 |
JP2022538483A (ja) | 2022-09-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US10593937B2 (en) | Anode and lithium secondary battery comprising the same | |
US11075428B2 (en) | Separator including porous bonding layer and electrochemical battery including the separator | |
EP2297812B1 (fr) | Electrolyte non-aqueux pour accumulateur au lithium a tension elevee | |
JP4033074B2 (ja) | 二次電池用電解液およびそれを用いた二次電池 | |
US8999575B2 (en) | Positive electrode and lithium battery including the same | |
WO2009035132A1 (fr) | Séparateur de batterie et batterie secondaire lithium-ion non aqueuse comprenant celui-ci | |
JP6732301B2 (ja) | リチウム−硫黄電池 | |
JP6965428B2 (ja) | リチウム−硫黄電池の寿命改善方法 | |
JP4110131B2 (ja) | 有機電解液及びそれを用いたリチウム電池 | |
EP4046223A1 (fr) | Procédé de régulation de la température d'une batterie comprenant un sel de lithium | |
WO2001086746A1 (fr) | Batterie d'accumulateurs a electrolyte non aqueux | |
JP2018116831A (ja) | 電池の製造方法 | |
EP4045345A1 (fr) | Procédé de regulation de la température d'une batterie d'un vehicule automobile | |
EP3994229A1 (fr) | Utilisation du 2,3,3,3-tétrafluoropropène pour le refroidissement d'une batterie comportant une électrode positive de type oxyde | |
WO2021005277A1 (fr) | Utilisation du 2,3,3,3-tétrafluoropropène pour le chauffage d'une batterie au lithium | |
JP5843885B2 (ja) | 重合体およびそれを用いた二次電池 | |
US20240136615A1 (en) | Method for controlling the temperature of a battery in a motor vehicle | |
EP2212965A1 (fr) | Batterie secondaire au lithium contenant un additif améliorant les caractéristiques à des températures élevées | |
WO2023228381A1 (fr) | Batterie secondaire | |
WO2023218638A1 (fr) | Batterie secondaire | |
WO2023228275A1 (fr) | Batterie secondaire | |
JP2003173818A (ja) | 非水電解質電池 | |
JP2021520615A (ja) | LiOHを含むリチウム二次電池用電極、その製造方法、及び当該電極を含むリチウム二次電池 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20211209 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20230104 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20230715 |