EP3986684A1 - Fabrication d'ébauches à partir d'un alliage silicium par découpage au jet d'eau de plaques - Google Patents

Fabrication d'ébauches à partir d'un alliage silicium par découpage au jet d'eau de plaques

Info

Publication number
EP3986684A1
EP3986684A1 EP20747338.0A EP20747338A EP3986684A1 EP 3986684 A1 EP3986684 A1 EP 3986684A1 EP 20747338 A EP20747338 A EP 20747338A EP 3986684 A1 EP3986684 A1 EP 3986684A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
plates
cast iron
alloy
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20747338.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Manfred Huber
Hermann Huber
Heinrich Hock
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ask Chemicals Metallurgy GmbH
Original Assignee
Ask Chemicals Metallurgy GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102019116828.7A external-priority patent/DE102019116828A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102019131210.8A external-priority patent/DE102019131210A1/de
Application filed by Ask Chemicals Metallurgy GmbH filed Critical Ask Chemicals Metallurgy GmbH
Publication of EP3986684A1 publication Critical patent/EP3986684A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C11/00—Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
    • B24C1/045—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C21C1/105—Nodularising additive agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/08—Manufacture of cast-iron

Definitions

  • the subject matter of the present invention is a method for the production of briquettes from a silicon alloy, comprising the production of plates and the water jet cutting of the plates to form a plurality of briquettes.
  • the moldings obtainable in this way contain, in particular, further inoculant additives and are used in particular as inoculants for metal casting.
  • Inoculating a molten metal is understood as the addition of solid substances in the form of an inoculant, in particular with the aim of influencing the solidified casting with regard to its metallurgical structure and thus its mechanical and thermal properties during the transition from the molten metal to the casting.
  • Cast iron is one Iron-carbon alloy widely used in the production of
  • Castings is used. Cast iron is obtained by mixing the desired components in the liquid state at a temperature between 1260 and 1450 ° C before casting, whereupon the mixture is poured into a casting mold and the cast iron solidifies in the desired shape by cooling.
  • Cast iron is an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon content higher than 2.06% by weight. When it cools down, the carbon in cast iron can take on several physico-chemical structures. The carbon forms differently shaped graphite phases within the alloy.
  • EN 1560 differentiates between four types of cast iron, depending on the graphite geometry;
  • GJS nodular cast iron
  • GJS G ⁇ cast
  • J iron (Iran)
  • S spherical (spherical). If carbon is associated with iron and forms iron carbide Fe 3 C (also called cement!), The resulting cast iron is called white cast iron.
  • White cast iron has the property of being hard and brittle, which is undesirable for many applications.
  • gray cast iron When carbon occurs in the form of graphite, the resulting cast iron is called gray cast iron or ductile iron. Both types of cast iron: white cast iron and gray cast iron (as well as transition or intermediate forms of these, such as graphite) have special properties, are softer and can be machined. It is therefore desirable to influence the cooling process in such a way that carbon is formed in the form of graphite in the cooled melt.
  • the liquid cast iron is subjected to an inoculation treatment aimed at introducing graphitizing components or graphitization carriers into the cast iron, which are also generally referred to as nuclei and which, when the cast iron cools in the casting mold, the appearance of graphite promote and reduce the tendency to form iron carbide.
  • the constituents of an inoculant for obtaining gray cast iron therefore consist of elements that promote the formation of graphite and the decomposition of iron carbide or prevent the formation during the solidification of the cast iron.
  • Each of the possible graphite shapes can be promoted through a special inoculation treatment of the cast iron using specific components.
  • spheroidal graphite can be promoted by adding a sufficient amount of magnesium to the cast iron so that the carbon can grow in such a way that round particles (spheroids or nodules) are formed.
  • These spheroidal graphite components are generally added to the cast iron in the form of a special alloy (spheroidal graphite alloy).
  • the spheroidal graphite alloy thus makes it possible to influence the shape of the graphite nodules, while the inoculant product increases the number of these nodules and is intended to homogenize the graphitic structures.
  • Another type of treatment is the addition of desulphurisation products or products that allow specific treatment of some defects in the cast iron, depending on the initial composition of the liquid cast iron bath, such as micro-shrinkage and pinholes, in order to avoid such defects occurring during cooling.
  • a suitable connection is e.g. Calcium carbide
  • the inoculation can be carried out once or several times and at different times during the manufacture of the cast iron.
  • ferrosilicon base alloy such as e.g. FeSi60, FeSi65 or FeSI75 containing iron with a silicon content of 40, 65 or 75% by weight in addition to other metals, compounds or elements such as those mentioned above as alloy components, the chemistry or the selection of the inoculant additives and their ratio corresponding to the desired properties of the inoculant is set.
  • inoculants in the form of alloys with different compositions or ferrosilicon alloys in lump form to an iron melt in order to produce the desired doping.
  • the vaccine as granules, as a cast molding, as a powder in a cored wire, as fragments or as a pellet obtained from a powder or granulate material! and a binder.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a new production route for briquettes in the form of an alloy which is simple, allows lumpy production with a low volume or weight tolerance, keeps rejects during production low and the formation of dusts and avoids the use of binders. Furthermore, it must be ensured that the molding can be gripped by a robot arm.
  • the moldings should have a lumpy shape, the same shapes having approximately the same weight and thus allowing the addition as inoculant additives in portions in a defined amount. It should also be possible to put together the appropriate amount of inoculant additives by using a modular system to assemble the amount from different numbers and / or differently sized moldings, comparable to a set of suitable weights for a scale.
  • Another object of the invention is to increase the molding yield of the pre-alloy
  • the present invention relates to a process for the production of briquettes comprising the production of a plate, for example by pouring a melt in the form of plates, and the water jet cutting of the plates to form briquettes of defined volume, the plates being cut into the briquettes by water jet cutting using an abrasive will.
  • the top surface and the foot surface of the briquettes are defined by the top of the plate and the side faces of the briquettes at least in part by the water jet cutting.
  • Suitable methods for making panels are
  • the plates have two plane-parallel surfaces.
  • the expansion of the plate is otherwise in principle arbitrary.
  • the thickness should not exceed 8 cm because of the better cutting ability and should not be less than 10 mm because of the ease of handling, panel thicknesses of 16 mm to 50 mm are preferred.
  • Preferably 3 to 12 briquettes per row are produced from the plates by water jet cutting.
  • the plates predominantly comprise silicon alloys, i. the plates are greater than 50% by weight, in particular greater than 80% by weight, or even greater than 90% by weight, made of:
  • iron - silicon e.g. in the form of an FeSi alloy
  • iron - silicon - magnesium e.g. in the form of a FeSiMg alloy
  • iron - silicon - titanium e.g. in the form of a FeSiTi alloy
  • Chromium - silicon e.g. in the form of a CrSi alloy
  • Aluminum - calcium - silicon e.g. in the form of an AICaSi alloy. Then the aforementioned metal combinations each make up at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight and in particular 90% by weight of the plate.
  • Plates or bricks made from the following silicon alloys are particularly suitable: (a) an FeSi alloy, in particular with Fe: 10-50% by weight, in particular 15 to 40% by weight, Si: 40-80% by weight, in particular 60-75% by weight, Fe and Si together more than 50% by weight of the plate preferably make up at least 80% by weight and in particular 90% by weight
  • an FeSiMg alloy in particular with Fe: 35 to 55% by weight, Si: 35 to 55% by weight and Mg: 3 to 30% by weight, where Fe, Si and Mg together more than 50% by weight make up the plate, preferably at least 80% by weight and in particular 90% by weight
  • an FeSiTi alloy in particular with Fe: 35 to 55% by weight, Si: 35 to 55% by weight and Ti: 3 to 15% by weight, where Fe, Si and Ti together are more than 50% by weight make up the plate, preferably at least 80% by weight and in particular 90% by weight
  • a CrSi alloy in particular with Cr: 20 to 45% by weight, Si: 25 to 55% by weight and Fe: 10 to 35% by weight, with Cr and Si together more than 50% by weight of the plate make up, preferably at least 80% by weight and in particular 90% by weight.
  • an AlCaSi alloy in particular with Al: 0.1 to 7% by weight, Ca: 0.1 to 30% by weight and Si: 45 to 65% by weight, with Al, Ca and Si together more than 50 Make up% by weight of the plate, preferably at least 80% by weight and in particular 90% by weight.
  • additional ingredients of the above plates are, for example, manganese, barium, ger, lanthanum, bismuth, zirconium, antimony, strontium or other elements or their combinations, or the following metals: aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium, titanium and / or chromium if not listed above.
  • the briquettes are the inoculant.
  • Essential components of the inoculant are silicon, calcium, manganese and aluminum and optionally the following metals barium, cerium and lanthanum, bismuth, titanium, zirconium, antimony, strontium or other elements or their combinations,
  • the composition of the plate corresponds to the composition of the inoculant or molding.
  • the molding is used as an inoculant.
  • the inoculant contains in particular at least the following components
  • a typical inoculant is e.g. from the following main components (total 100% by weight)
  • the vaccination center! is typically added in amounts of 0.05 to 0.8% by weight, in particular 0.08 to 0.3% by weight, of the metal melt / cast iron melt, based on the metal melt / cast iron melt.
  • the inoculants are used in the manufacture of metal castings, in particular for the manufacture of cast iron, and are added to the melt, in particular:
  • GJS nodular cast iron
  • a melt (a) to (e) is first produced.
  • the Schmeize usually has a temperature of 1350 to 1700 ° C.
  • the inoculant additives or moldings are mixed into the melt, e.g. by pouring the melt into a pan and adding the inoculant additives while stirring or pouring in, to obtain a mixed melt.
  • the mixed melt has e.g. a temperature of 1300 to 1550 ° C.
  • Plates are poured from the mixed melt, the corresponding shapes, usually molds, which represent the negative shape of the plate, having upright nests for the respective plates, in particular being arranged perpendicular to the main plane of the plate and having a size of eg 10 to 40 cm in width, 20 to 60 cm in height, in particular 22.5 cm.
  • the plates have, for example, a thickness of 10 to 80 mm, in particular they are plates of different thicknesses from 10 mm to 80 mm, in particular from 16 mm to 50 mm. For example, 6 panels of different thicknesses are produced in one casting run.
  • the plates are preferably upright in order to be sufficiently compressed by the metallostatic pressure. This makes it easier to produce panels of uniform thickness and homogeneity.
  • the plates are poured out of the pan directly or via a pouring basin with several holes, e.g. 3 holes per row. It is advantageous if the plates cool down slowly.
  • the mold is preferably constructed from steel plates ST37 or from gray cast iron GG25, which are finished and assembled in such a way that a mold forms several plate-shaped nests.
  • the coatings are characterized by the fact that they build up a protective layer that is heat-resistant up to 1400 ° C on the surface of the mold and thus protects the molds.
  • water-based zirconium silicate coatings are used.
  • a commercial product suitable for this is, for example, the Solitech WP 601 size from ASK Chemicals GmbH, Hilden.
  • the chill mold is opened after the plates have cooled down by opening the front side wall (Guerboxwand) together with the partition walls downwards. A joint is provided for this at the bottom of the front soap wall.
  • the plates can now be removed.
  • Several molds (casting baskets) are welded onto a driving pallet.
  • the driving pallet is used to move the pouring baskets together with the plates and for stacking and storing.
  • the pouring baskets are preferably only opened when the plates are fed to the next processing step. This is the water jet cutting.
  • the material removal in water jet cutting is based on the high pressure that the jet causes on the surface of the workpiece.
  • the water jet which contains an abrasive, separates microscopic particles near the surface. There is therefore no expansion of the workpiece due to heat or machining forces.
  • the water flowing transversely from the point of action also causes shear forces, which also contribute to material removal.
  • Water jet cutting can be carried out with several cutting heads at the same time.
  • an abrasive is added to the cutting head in an additional mixing chamber.
  • Garnet or olivine sand sometimes also corundum or metal silicides, is used as the abrasive.
  • the high jet speed creates a negative pressure in the cutting head, as a result of which the abrasive is sucked into the mixing chamber and mixed with the water. The mixture is focused and accelerated by the abrasive nozzle.
  • the jet diameter is about 0.2 mm larger than with pure water cutting. It was found that the cutting ability increases with the hardness of the abrasive used.
  • water jet cutting the plate is separated by a high pressure water jet with the addition of abrasives such as sharp-edged cutting sand. This jet generates a pressure of, for example, 4500 to 6000 bar on the workpiece surface and reaches exit speeds of, for example, up to 1000 m / s.
  • abrasive e.g. Garnet or olivine sand used.
  • the abrasive preferably meets the following specification (in each case independently of one another):
  • - Grain sizes from 0.1 mm to 1 mm, in particular 0.16 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • the water jet cutting machine can e.g. be an STM 2020 PremiumCut (2xTAC-12 °).
  • the briquettes are preferably cut conically so that truncated cones or truncated pyramids result, but the shape of the base surface (head and foot surface) can be almost any, the main thing is that the result is conical side surfaces.
  • the bevel cut for forming the conical shape is approximately from 2 * to 15 ° and in particular 6 to 12 °. Due to the conical shape, the briquettes remain in the plate.
  • the possibility of swiveling the cutting head (3-D machining) means that even complex shapes can be cut in space using a cutting vector control.
  • the cutting line has a thickness of 1.5 mm.
  • a water jet cutting machine consists of various components that can be combined in different ways. Components are usually among other things: accumulator, high-pressure piping, CNC-controlled guide machine, pressure intensifier, oil tank, oil pump, electric motor, valve and nozzle.
  • the machine frame which is usually assembled from tubular steel of different formats, carries the individual axes of the machine.
  • the standard design for waterjet cutting is the so-called portal design as a flat bed. In the case of portal machines, the two guide axes move in a so-called gantry network and are therefore coupled via the CNC control (two axes behave as one).
  • the design variant as a support arm, in which the crossbeam is only guided on one side
  • the residual energy of the water jet that remains after the cutting work has been performed can be dissipated in various ways.
  • a water basin which acts as a "prisoner".
  • the water basin should usually have a sufficient water column of e.g. 600 mm so that the residual energy of the water jet can be converted into heat.
  • high-pressure pumps that use a hydraulic unit are used in water jet cutting
  • the cutting water mixed with abrasives is removed from the jet arrester, and the recyclable materials can be returned to the electric low-shaft furnace. It is also possible to work up the abrasives. This is done either continuously through disposal or manually at intervals.
  • the continuous disposal consists either of a scraper conveyor, which removes the cutting agent residues from the jet shredder, or of a water circulation, which separates the residues from the jet shredder.
  • the water from the jet shredder is then filtered and fed back into the cutting basin.
  • Water jet cutting systems are consistently equipped with CNC controls. In addition to the simplest versions that only allow a plotter control, higher-quality machines have controls that interpolate all axes and also perform an adaptive feed rate reduction depending on the cutting process. In addition to a CAD interface, there is often a CAM connection.
  • a water jet machine in flat bed design an arm moves over the portal surface with the plates placed on it, so that the plates that have already been trimmed can be removed before the arm is retracted and new plates are placed. Since the panels have a standard dimension, they can easily be placed, for example against a stop that defines two sides that are at right angles to one another. Then the cutting heads can already cut the newly placed panels when they move back.
  • the plates are preferably placed on the other side of the cutting areas in the water bed.
  • the cutting head moves a wavy line on the way there and a wavy line on the way back, so that the waves complement each other to form circles or rectangles, so that the time-consuming cutting into the material is minimized.
  • the briquettes Due to the conical shape, the briquettes can be bent particularly well in that the plate is rotated while a storage plate, which may already have corresponding depressions, is placed on the plate. According to another variant, a bed of nails is arranged under the plate that is raised so that the briquettes are pushed out of the plate and a receiving device slides laterally between the briquettes, the briquettes being held in the receiving device by their conical shape.
  • the moldings can be gripped by robots, it is expedient to pack them in an orderly manner, for example in a box in which a cardboard box is inserted per layer of moldings, which is punched out as an intermediate layer and the moldings are fixed against lateral displacement.
  • the punching is preferably the size of the smaller end surface, so that it encompasses the upper molding relatively far below, but cannot slide over the next molding with the larger end surface above.
  • the method according to the invention has much less rejects.
  • the rejects are usually melted or ground again and sold as granules.
  • all moldings were weighed and those outside the target weight range were sorted out.
  • the tolerance is less than 5% by weight, based on the basic weight of the molding, so that each molding does not have to be weighed for quality control.
  • the yield is significantly higher because no individual molds are cast, but only plates.
  • the plates can be cast at a significantly higher flow rate and a lower temperature.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 shows the first pouring basket of the pouring pallet according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in plan view and enlargement
  • FIG. 4 shows a partition wall of the pouring basket of FIG. 3 in a side view
  • Watering basket. 1 shows a top view of a pouring pallet 1 with six pouring baskets 2, which are arranged in a row on a driving pallet 3.
  • the driving pallet 3 has tabs 4 at the end, by means of which the pouring pallet 1 can be removed from a forklift or crane can be seized.
  • 3 to 8 casting baskets 2 are arranged on a driving pallet 3.
  • the watering baskets 2 are each opened.
  • the individually unfolded longitudinal walls 5 are each in pairs in the horizontal.
  • the longitudinal walls 5 are each articulated to the carriage 3 by means of two hinges 6.
  • the axis of rotation is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the driving pallet.
  • the partition walls 8 and the panel walls 10 have already been removed. In the course of this, the cast and solidified panels were also removed.
  • Each watering basket 2 has two longitudinal walls 5. All of the longitudinal walls 5 are foldable. After opening one or the second longitudinal wall 5, the partition 8 can be removed. The partition 8 can be pulled sideways or upwards. The partition walls 8 can be removed by means of manual labor or robot operation. For this purpose, eyelets 9 are provided in the partition 8 with which it is easier to handle. After removing the partition 8, the plate can be removed.
  • the G cordpaletlen 1 can also be used as a store for the plates, because they are stackable.
  • the cast pallets 1 can be conveyed by means of a forklift or a crane.
  • Each watering basket 2 can have 2 to 5 nests 13, for example.
  • the plates each have
  • Casting basket 2 approximately the same width (from one panel wall 10 to opposite panel wall 10) and heights / lengths (from the upper edge of the partition 8 to the lower one), but panels of different thicknesses are preferably produced in a casting basket 2 at the same time.
  • the height resulting from the vertical alignment of the nests 13 results in a metallostatic pressure which has a positive effect during casting. The casting process is also faster as a result.
  • the different cast components such as the longitudinal wall 5, partition wall 9, plate wall 10 can each be exchanged / exchanged with one another.
  • the cast components are made of e.g. made of GJS. All cast components can be finished. It is possible to pour into the nests via pouring basins 14 or directly from the pouring ladle into the plate slot opening.
  • a pouring basin 14 is shown in FIG. 5 in plan view and in FIG. 6 in section. The nests are separated by dividing plates. The distances between the nests depend on the run-out holes 15 of the pouring basins 14, which are arranged in rows, and the desired panel thickness.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'ébauches à partir d'un alliage silicium, ledit procédé comprenant la fabrication de plaques et le découpage au jet d'eau de plaques en une pluralité d'ébauches. Les ébauches ainsi obtenues contiennent en particulier d'autres additifs inoculants et s'utilisent en particulier comme inoculants pour la coulée de métaux.
EP20747338.0A 2019-06-21 2020-06-19 Fabrication d'ébauches à partir d'un alliage silicium par découpage au jet d'eau de plaques Pending EP3986684A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019116828.7A DE102019116828A1 (de) 2019-06-21 2019-06-21 Herstellung von Formlingen aus einer Silizium-Legierung durch Wasserstrahlschneiden von Platten
DE102019131210.8A DE102019131210A1 (de) 2019-11-19 2019-11-19 Herstellung von Formlingen aus einer Silizium-Legierung durch Wasserstrahlschneiden von Platten
PCT/DE2020/100525 WO2020253919A1 (fr) 2019-06-21 2020-06-19 Fabrication d'ébauches à partir d'un alliage silicium par découpage au jet d'eau de plaques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3986684A1 true EP3986684A1 (fr) 2022-04-27

Family

ID=71846137

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20747338.0A Pending EP3986684A1 (fr) 2019-06-21 2020-06-19 Fabrication d'ébauches à partir d'un alliage silicium par découpage au jet d'eau de plaques

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20220379436A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3986684A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2021015625A (fr)
WO (1) WO2020253919A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2323270C2 (ru) * 2006-04-07 2008-04-27 Открытое акционерное общество "КАМАЗ-Металлургия" Комплексный модификатор для производства отливок из чугуна с вермикулярным и компактным графитом
US8674576B2 (en) * 2009-01-27 2014-03-18 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Electropermanent magnet-based motors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX2021015625A (es) 2022-04-25
US20220379436A1 (en) 2022-12-01
WO2020253919A1 (fr) 2020-12-24

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