EP3986635A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung einer gussform und mit dem verfahren hergestellte gussform - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung einer gussform und mit dem verfahren hergestellte gussformInfo
- Publication number
- EP3986635A1 EP3986635A1 EP20736585.9A EP20736585A EP3986635A1 EP 3986635 A1 EP3986635 A1 EP 3986635A1 EP 20736585 A EP20736585 A EP 20736585A EP 3986635 A1 EP3986635 A1 EP 3986635A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bodies
- layer
- casting
- casting mold
- laminated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/34—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials
- B28B7/342—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials which are at least partially destroyed, e.g. broken, molten, before demoulding; Moulding surfaces or spaces shaped by, or in, the ground, or sand or soil, whether bound or not; Cores consisting at least mainly of sand or soil, whether bound or not
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/34—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials
- B28B7/346—Manufacture of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/30—Mounting, exchanging or centering
- B29C33/301—Modular mould systems [MMS], i.e. moulds built up by stacking mould elements, e.g. plates, blocks, rods
- B29C33/302—Assembling a large number of mould elements to constitute one cavity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C43/36—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/42—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles for undercut articles
Definitions
- the invention is in the field of mechanics, mechanical engineering and foundry technology. It is of particular advantage in the production of
- Casting molds can be used, the use of both large casting molds, for example in the construction of houses, parts of houses or other large construction parts, being just as conceivable as for casting molds for small parts.
- the casting molds produced can be used for casting processes with many different casting materials.
- lost molds for the production of cast components.
- Lost molds enable particularly complex cast products due to the demolding process, which is based on the destruction of the molds.
- Internal structures of the casting molds can be realized by cores that define cavities during casting and after Solidification of the casting material can be destroyed and removed by various methods.
- Corresponding casting molds and cores can be produced, for example, using the sand molding process, in which sand is mixed with a binder and shaped with the aid of a tool.
- Additive manufacturing processes are also known for the production of casting molds, which in the layered structure allow the formation of complex bodies with great design freedom.
- particles are applied in layers to a platform and selectively solidified, for example by the targeted addition of binder material or by laser sintering.
- the disadvantage of such methods for producing casting molds is the high cost and the long production time.
- the present invention is based on the object of designing a method for producing a casting mold and a casting mold which are structured as simply as possible, are inexpensive and inexpensive and allow the production of complex casting molds.
- Claim 15 relates to a casting mold produced by the method.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a casting mold, in which initially at least three, in particular at least four, five, more than five or more than ten layered bodies of the casting mold are produced separately from one another and then assembled into one or more stacks to form the casting mold will.
- the aforementioned method also allows the production of complex cast shapes that can be composed of layered bodies in layers, with the individual layered bodies being able to be produced in various ways with little effort.
- the model of a casting mold can thus first be broken down into layers, and the layer bodies that form the individual layers can be produced individually and separately from one another.
- the laminated bodies are then put together in such a way that cavities in the individual laminated bodies together define the interior, ie the mold cavity of the casting mold to be filled with a casting material.
- complex casting molds can also be put together from layered bodies, each with simply designed cavities or openings.
- the stacking direction is the direction in which the stack grows by adding further laminates.
- the direction that is perpendicular to the interfaces between the individual laminated bodies that are joined together can also be referred to as the stacking direction.
- a casting mold can be composed of a single stack of laminated bodies, but several stacks of laminated bodies can also be or are connected to form a casting mold, with the different stacks being arranged, for example, next to one another, one behind the other or one on top of the other / on top of one another, or a stack within a cavity another stack can be arranged.
- One embodiment of the invention can provide that after putting together to form the casting mold, several layered bodies, in particular each layered body with the exception of the end layered bodies of a stack, each surround the cavity of the casting mold to be filled with a casting material in a ring.
- a casting mold for a sphere can be assembled from a large number of layered bodies in such a way that the casting mold is designed in the shape of a cube in its outer contour, each layer of the cube having a circular, continuous recess and the recesses jointly defining the spherical cavity after the casting mold has been assembled .
- the circular recess is surrounded by an annular wall, which has an approximately cylindrical contour on its inside and a straight boundary on the outside. having walls.
- the end layers of the stack, which defines the shape described then have no through recesses, but only dome-shaped depressions which delimit the spherical cavity.
- a further possible embodiment of the method can provide that several layer bodies, in particular each layer body with the exception of the end layer body of a stack, each have at least one opening which completely penetrates the layer body and which is surrounded by a Laminated body wall is surrounded.
- the laminated body walls have circumferentially varying thicknesses.
- the laminated bodies can be in the form of cuboids or flat or curved plates, with the plates being able to be designed, for example, round, square, square or polygonal.
- the method can also be embodied in that the layer bodies are aligned when they are assembled into a stack on a common alignment body or by interlocking projections and recesses provided on each of the layer bodies.
- This design of the laminated bodies and, if necessary, an alignment body can ensure that the laminated bodies with their recesses are positioned with respect to one another in such a way that the recesses as a whole form the casting mold, ie. H. also define the mold cavity to be filled with the casting material.
- the alignment body can be formed, for example, by a straight rod or plate against which the outer contours of the layered body are placed.
- the layer bodies can, for example, also have through bores through which an alignment body can be inserted.
- the elevations and recesses on the laminated bodies can, for example, be designed as grooves and webs or bores and pegs in order to align adjacent laminated bodies with one another.
- a further refinement of the method can provide that the layered bodies are attached to one another when they are assembled into a stack adjacent interfaces are connected to one another and either have the same layer thickness or different layer thicknesses with one another in the stacking direction. Since the laminates are produced separately from each other, they have to be connected to one another after production, unlike in the known additive manufacturing processes. In some cases, a form-fitting assembly with alignment bodies can be sufficient, while in other cases the laminated bodies are glued or welded to one another. Magnetic adhesion to one another or other known joining techniques between the laminated bodies are also conceivable. Ultimately, the laminated bodies can also be braced with one another by springs or clamps in order to be connected to one another in a force-locking manner in this way.
- the laminated bodies can each have the same thickness, as a result of which the production of the laminated bodies in larger numbers is facilitated.
- it can also be useful to process different laminates or laminate groups with different layer thicknesses in a stack within a casting mold in order to set the correct dimensions for the casting mold or for parts of the casting mold in this way.
- it can make sense to form certain sections of the casting mold with as few layered bodies as possible, while other parts / sections of the casting mold are composed of a larger number of layered bodies with a smaller layer thickness. This can be the case, for example, if the dimensions of the casting mold in the stacking direction vary very strongly in some sections and less strongly in other sections.
- the method can also be designed, for example, in that the laminated bodies are connected to one another when they are joined by gluing, welding or by a force-fit or form-fit connection.
- the laminated bodies are produced by an extrusion process, a rolling process, a casting process, a core shot process or an additive manufacturing process.
- the laminated bodies are produced as solid bodies and that a recess penetrating them is then made in a plurality of laminated bodies, in particular in each of the laminated bodies.
- the laminated body can be made of a plastic, a metal or a bonded sand material, as is commonly used in the production of lost casting molds.
- the processing methods are then adapted that are used to create recesses in the laminated bodies, which later each form a part of the mold / cavity for the casting material.
- recesses penetrating them are made in the laminated bodies by means of a subtractive, in particular a machining process, by punching, laser cutting, water cutting or by a chemical process.
- a subtractive in particular a machining process
- milling for example, is also conceivable as a machining method. Machining by drilling, grinding, planing, flame cutting, compressed air blasting, sandblasting or eroding is also possible.
- parts of the laminated bodies can also be removed by using negative pressure / suction.
- a targeted reversal of magnetization can at least facilitate the process of subtractive machining when using magnetic particles as the base material for the layered body.
- the layered bodies With regard to the shape of the layered bodies and / or the stack of layered bodies, provision can be made for the layered bodies to be designed in the form of disks or as plane-parallel plates.
- the surfaces of the layer bodies of a stack which adjoin adjacent layer bodies are coplanar.
- the maximum angle enclosed by two mutually opposite boundary surfaces of a laminated body with one another should be limited and less than 30 °, in particular less than 10 °, further in particular less than 1 ° be carried so that the stacking direction or the alignment of the individual layer body does not vary too much over the height of the stack and the cohesion of the layer body can be made possible in a simple manner.
- each of the laminated bodies is free of undercuts in the stacking direction.
- the production of the individual laminated bodies is facilitated in this way, since, for example, machining can easily follow from one side of the laminated body. If undercuts are to be provided in the stacking direction in the cavity of the casting mold, then these can be implemented at least partially through the interfaces of the laminated bodies.
- the layered bodies are designed and assembled in such a way that in the stacking direction at least one undercut is provided in the cavity of the casting mold to be filled with a casting material and is formed by an interface of a layered body.
- the method can also include a planning step, the planning being based on a model of the casting mold, which is tentatively divided into one or more stacks of laminations in several stacking directions .
- the selection of the stacking direction and possibly also the layer thickness of the layer bodies can be made according to various optimization criteria. For example, the number of layer bodies in the casting mold can be minimized, or the unevenness resulting from the interfaces between the layer bodies in the casting mold can be minimized.
- the position of the undercuts in the mold can also be optimized in this way.
- a model of the casting mold is divided into layers one after the other in different stacking directions and the stacking direction with the lowest number of undercuts is selected and that, in particular, the layer thicknesses of the laminates are then divided so that all the undercuts are located at the interfaces between two laminates.
- the aim can at least be to locate as large a number of undercuts as possible at the interfaces, so that undercuts only have to be created in a few of the laminates .
- the invention relates not only to a method for producing a casting mold, but also to a casting mold produced using the method.
- FIG. 2 schematically in a cross section a casting mold for a
- FIG. 3 shows, in section, a casting mold similar to that shown in FIG. 2, which is formed from a number of laminated bodies by stacking,
- Fig. 5 shows a laminate with two recesses, which after
- 6a shows a laminated body in cross section with a schematic
- 6b shows a laminated body in cross section with a schematically da rgeste Ilten milling cutter in an orientation of the milling axis perpendicular to the boundary surfaces of the laminated body
- FIG. 6c shows a representation as in FIG. 6b with an inclined milling cutter
- FIG. 6d shows a representation as in FIG. 6c with two milling cutters which, without one
- 7b, 7c show the production of a laminate in a press or
- FIG. 12 shows a casting mold similar to that shown in FIG. 3, with
- the stacking direction of the laminates is rotated by 90 °
- FIG. 13 shows, in cross section, a stack of laminates with a plurality of wedge-shaped laminates
- recesses for alignment bodies as well 15 shows a perspective view of a laminate with elevations for toothing with the adjacent laminate.
- a typical component 100 that can be produced as a cast part is shown in a perspective view in FIG.
- the process produces casting molds that are suitable for small parts on a scale of a few liters, but also for large components.
- the cast material is not restricted and can come from the groups metals, ceramics, polymers, natural substances and their mixtures.
- the components 100 produced via molding with the aid of the method according to the invention correspond in one embodiment to the unprocessed raw casting known in the art. In this case, they represent an intermediate state and usually have to be completed by a further processing step, for example milling or grinding on the functional surfaces.
- the aim of the invention is to provide a method for producing shapes available that makes it possible to produce cast components 100 in a short time, in particular without tools, economically and with very few restrictions in shaping.
- the casting molds produced by the method according to the invention can be used widely in industry.
- the application ranges from the casting of large individual pieces to large series in automobile construction.
- Metals can be poured in liquid form, but also materials such as plastics, concrete or ceramic slurry.
- the procedure for casting can be very different: As in gravity casting, the pressure can be caused by the weight of the melt. However, there are also processes in use that favor mold filling through significantly increased pressure. This is the case with die casting, for example, when particularly thin wall thicknesses are to be achieved.
- the casting mold shown there can be used, for example, to position a component shown in FIG.
- the casting mold composed of a mold 201, 204 (outer contour) and a core 202, can be used for one-time use (lost mold) or for many casts (mold).
- the flea space for receiving the casting material, a sprue system with a pool and gate 203 is to be seen in the casting mold.
- the method according to the invention is a layer construction method which provides a casting mold 201, 204 for a casting method and optionally also one or more cores. As shown in FIG. 3, laminated bodies 300 are individually prepared and stacked on top of one another. In one embodiment, the method according to the invention has the following steps:
- the cast component 100 to be produced is virtually placed in the installation space. In doing so, it is determined which construction position can best be mapped with the method. Then the component 100 is tentatively divided into possible laminates 300 via a program, and a processing image is generated for each laminate 300 depending on the layer generation mechanism and stacking direction.
- the computation method used minimizes the creation of artifacts through digitization and reduces their consequences to the shape of the desired shape.
- the stacking direction corresponds to the direction in which the laminated bodies are arranged one above the other.
- the direction of stacking can also be referred to as the direction perpendicular to the boundary surfaces between the laminated bodies or, if, for example, some wedge-shaped laminated bodies are provided, an averaged direction of all perpendiculars on the interfaces between adjacent laminated bodies.
- the laminated bodies 300 are produced.
- the casting mold 201, 204 is now completed by stacking and connecting the individual laminated bodies and can be used in a conventional casting process.
- the starting point for the method according to the invention is the component 100 with a cast construction that can be used for a casting process.
- This usually provides a gate system, air ducts, feeders and a system for pouring the liquid.
- a system for pouring the liquid According to the prior art, such a system is determined and tested via a simulation before the production of the mold 201, 204.
- This virtual construction is analyzed for processing in the method according to the invention in an automated method in a data processing device and tested in a simulation.
- the characteristic of the process is taken into account that layers are not created where they will be placed during later use, as in conventional 3D printing processes, but are prepared as layered bodies outside the actual installation space of the machine and then transferred to a construction space.
- the algorithm optimizes the individual layers so that no loose layer parts arise.
- the algorithm can give preference to certain construction locations in which the layering is reduced in relevant areas. This optimization cannot only take place on the basis of the rotation of the stacking direction relative to the component 100.
- different layer thicknesses ie different heights of the layered bodies, can be used within a stack. In this way, regions that require high resolution due to strong curvatures of the shape, for example, can be imaged with thin layer bodies 300, 400, 401.
- the program can also make suggestions to the user that represent compromises between manufacturing time, component quality and resource consumption.
- the digital generation of the layers can result in several areas with different stacking directions. These areas can be cube-shaped or shaped like a spatula.
- the stacks 1100 themselves can have different stacking directions in order to reduce the negative effects of the stacking direction on the component surface to be cast.
- the stacking direction of the inner stack 1100 is denoted by 1100a in FIG. 11, while the stacking direction of the outer stack is denoted by 300a.
- the layered bodies 300, 400, 401 themselves must be transportable for relocation into the installation space.
- layers that have a thickness greater than 1 mm are often considered for this purpose.
- Layered bodies made of molded material represent the basis of the process.
- the layered bodies can be pre-produced for the process, but can also be produced individually in a production line with the process steps necessary for the process.
- the layer generation can take place in a highly parallel and highly automated manner and achieve high throughputs.
- the material of the laminated body depends on the casting method sought: A simple material and inexpensive waste material are, for example, sawdust. These can be used for forms 201 for procedures with less Heat generation can be used. Other materials such as plastic waste, straw, scraps of paper or wood chips can also be used for such an application. If higher requirements are placed on the molding material, other materials can be used; for example, metal powder or metal granules can be used as molding material. Depending on the cast material, there are various advantages and disadvantages. In the case of high temperature effects, such as iron and steel casting, molding sand, ceramic sands and special molding materials are used. Graphite can also be used for materials with a high melting temperature.
- the shape of the particles can be varied from a free grain distribution to geometrically defined particles.
- An extreme case would be a natural fill in the molding material layer, which consists of a mixture of particles with a specific grain size distribution.
- Another extreme would be a layered body of puzzle-piece-like elements that can be connected to one another.
- the laminates can be produced individually or as a strand.
- the strand can run over a conveyor belt and be processed or cut to length with the help of so-called flying tools or brought to a predetermined format.
- the laminated body 300 itself can be composed of a loose, moldable molding material and a binding system.
- the binding system can be based on different mechanisms: For example, sand can be mixed with a clay-containing binding agent that swells with water. Such a system can be formed into a load-bearing laminated body 300 by purely mechanical compression. Tamping, blowing in or rolling can be used for compaction.
- Chemical binders are also known from metal foundry technology. These are added to the sand and harden it through a polymerization reaction.
- molding material binders are also known in which physical hardening takes place via drying.
- the binder system can be mixed in using mechanical mixers prior to forming into sheets.
- binder it is also possible to apply the binder over a large area using spray systems or inkjet print heads. Special forms of bonding are magnetic particles or those already mentioned above mechanical connection described via a targeted particle geometry. Depending on the moisture content, it can be useful to produce the laminated bodies 300 by pouring a liquid molding material.
- FIGS. 4a to 4c various methods for producing blanks for laminated bodies are shown schematically.
- FIG. 4a shows a rolling process in which a material emerges from a shot nozzle 701 and is guided past a roller 700 so that a smoothed layer is present behind the roller.
- FIG. 4b A pressing process is shown in which a material is pressed into the shape of a plate by the action of force under a press 704.
- FIG. 4c shows a shooting method in which compressed air and mold material 707 are shot through a shot nozzle 705 under a closing plate 706 into a box in which a plate is formed.
- the compressed air 708 can escape through exhaust air openings.
- a structure in the laminated bodies 300 which makes it possible to transfer and handle laminated bodies in which the processing can result in loose or free areas that are not associated with the respective laminated body are directly related, but should be held and positioned in the mold by this.
- a structure can be, for example, a net or a wire that is inserted into the laminated body 300 during the lowering position.
- it can be useful to position such a mesh or a wire in the center of the laminated bodies 300 or at their edges.
- the mesh / wire can be made of various materials.
- mesh or wire can be designed so that they form a unit with the casting material, since they are made of the same material or a similar composition as the casting to be produced. It is but it is also conceivable that the network or the structure consists of a material that reinforces or stiffens the cast body.
- the laminated bodies formed in this way are plate-shaped and, depending on the position and use in the installation space, have vertical or inclined edges.
- the mold cavity 200 is created in the respective layer body 300.
- subtractive methods are used, as is explained by way of example with reference to FIGS. 6a to 6d.
- This process removes individual areas from the pre-produced laminate 300. Viewed in the stacking direction or in another direction from which the laminate can be machined, for example with a milling cutter, the laminate is advantageously free of undercuts.
- the layered bodies can have structural features such as notches and draft angles which allow the cast body to be produced to be reliably removed from the mold even with difficult material pairings.
- a layered body 300 is shown by way of example, in which part of the mold cavity shown in broken lines is to be produced.
- the milling can be carried out vertically with a cylindrical end mill 600.
- layers can thus be produced which essentially correspond to prismatic extrusions in the direction of the stacking direction.
- FIG. 6d shows the machining of a layered body from above and below by means of a vertical milling cutter, as a result of which a stepped contour 604 can be produced.
- Form milling cutters represent a further improvement.
- a three-dimensional path control of the milling cutter 600 is also possible, but involves greater effort, in order to reproduce the form contour more precisely.
- metal-cutting shaping can be used. These include drilling, sawing, grinding, planing, lasering, flame cutting, water jet cutting, compressed air blasting, sandblasting or eroding.
- the mold cavities In the case of thin and solid sheets of molded material, it is also possible to produce the mold cavities by punching or fine blanking.
- the unbound material In the case of very loose or not yet hardened molding material, the unbound material can also be suctioned off in a targeted manner.
- molded material parts can also be easily removed using negative pressure. A targeted reversal of magnetization is expedient when using magnetic base material for ablation or to support the ablation.
- mesh structures or wire in addition to using mesh structures or wire inside the layer 300, it can be expedient to introduce structures that additionally increase the structural strength of the layer 300.
- An example can be specially shaped nets, grids, bars or other reinforcements. This is particularly necessary with large layers and molds that weigh several hundred kilograms or several tons. It can also be useful to provide transport aids for the layers. These can be in the form of eyelets or forklift bags.
- Honeycomb structures or pockets can reduce the weight and can be implemented in the laminated bodies 300 outside the region of the mold cavity 200. After their production, the laminated bodies produced are stacked to form a casting mold 201. To do this, they are laid face to face in the correct order.
- This stacking can preferably take place perpendicular to the direction of gravity, so that the direction of stacking runs parallel to the effective direction of gravity. However, stacks are also conceivable that are at any angle to the direction of gravity. It is also possible, as shown in FIG. 11, to convert a package 1100 with one layer stacking into a package with another layer stack with a different one
- Different mechanisms can be used to assemble a mold 201 from the laminated bodies.
- the simplest method is to lay the layers on top of each other and use gravity as a connecting force.
- a liquid casting material / a melt 902 can be poured into the mold by means of a pouring pan 901 via the sprue system.
- the compacted layer bodies 300, 401 can be pressed together or together against a support / base plate 800 and thus joined together.
- swellable binding clays on the surface of the laminated bodies 300, 401 or adhesives can be used.
- Fibers can also be used on the surfaces of the laminated bodies 300, 401 in the sense of a Velcro fastening system.
- Such systems can be attached to the top and bottom of the laminates 300, 401 during laminate manufacture.
- the laminated bodies can also be connected using physical and chemical binders. As with the bonding of the molding material, many systems are known and can be borrowed from the technique of metal casting, for example.
- An example can be resin-coated sand, the shell of which melts when exposed to heat.
- the laminate to be joined 300, 401 is heated flat on its underside and immediately pressed with the layered body 300, 401 underneath. When the resin coating cools down, the laminated bodies connect.
- the layered body can also be sprayed with a chemically hardening adhesive and a layer composite can thus be produced.
- the laminated bodies can also be clamped, as shown in FIG. 10 using the low tensioner 1000. This can be done in layers or over a larger number of layered bodies. In this way, entire layer packages or the entire form 201 can be connected. Holes in the laminated bodies can also accommodate screws or bolts that engage in special dowels or threaded holes in the top and bottom layers and thus allow screwing to form a shape.
- bodies can be inserted into the resulting mold 201 during the layer stacking.
- These can be various reinforcements, inserted molds or cores, functional elements (e.g. controls, actuators), fibers, preprocessed constructions, cooling irons, cast parts or pipe systems.
- FIG. 12 a casting mold is shown as an example, the stacking direction of which is perpendicular to the casting mold shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 shows a layer 1200 for the vertical contact of the layer bodies as an alignment body.
- a casting mold is shown in cross section which, in addition to several plate-shaped layer bodies 300, also has two wedge-shaped layer bodies 301, 302.
- the wedge-shaped layer body 301, 302 defines an undercut 303 in the casting mold through its interface.
- Another undercut surface 304 is formed by a planar laminated body 300.
- the stacking direction is denoted by 300a in FIG.
- FIG. 14 shows a casting mold with a tapered mold cavity.
- the laminated bodies 300 each have two through bores 305, 306, which are aligned with one another and on the pin-shaped alignment bodies 307, 308 by inserting the alignment bodies into the bores.
- FIG. 15 shows a perspective view of a laminated body 300 with a recess and a surrounding laminated body wall, which has two peg-shaped elevations 309, 310 on the laminated body wall for interlocking with an adjacent laminated body, which has corresponding recesses.
- the molds of large cast parts can be post-treated. This can be done, for example, by grinding down the gradation that occurs on the molds.
- the shape 201 can also be smoothed inside using blasting media.
- the molds produced in this way can be used in all known casting processes. This includes, for example, gravity casting with metals. Metals such as aluminum, iron or steel can be processed here. However, it is also possible to cast concrete parts or use them in the field of plastic parts.
- a bridge geometry over a pond is required for a horticultural project.
- the steps should be realized with the help of boards.
- the boundaries to the left and right of the steps are implemented using a topology-optimized lightweight structure, with different parts being connected to one another via individual support struts.
- the construction space of this structure is 900 x 600 x 600 mm 3 .
- the design of the bridge was calculated using mathematical optimization algorithms and is not available in the form of a physical model.
- the bridge structure should be made of bronze for aesthetic reasons. Due to the very high complexity of the support structures, a casting process is selected as the manufacturing process. The commissioned foundry sees the high degree of complexity for this project and opts for the procedure described above due to the favorable cost structure.
- the bridge geometry In preparation for the production of the mold, the bridge geometry is placed in a virtual installation space and automatically rotated in such a way that when the geometry is divided into individual layers, all layer bodies are free of undercuts and each form a coherent body.
- the laminated bodies are automatically designed as thick as possible and as thin as necessary.
- the foundry derives the rotation angle and the tilting of the component 100 in the installation space from the program so that a casting system can be constructed and simulated for this geometry.
- the overall model with the attached casting system is checked again for the boundary conditions of the undercut-free layer body, and the representations of the individual layers are exported as .dxf files.
- the installation space required by the rotation of the component 100 and the attached casting system is also calculated.
- the result is an installation space of 1200 x 800 x 800 mm 3 .
- the result for this component 100 is a vertical layer division with 21 layers.
- Each layer body 300 is uniquely identified in the form 201 of a layer number.
- the bridge system is cast upright and cut from the inside out and fed.
- the digital representations of the layered bodies are clustered according to layer numbers and sent to the production system. Seven layers each form a cluster and are positioned one after the other for the setting process as the layer height increases.
- Quartz sand is used as the basic molding material.
- the connection between the grains of sand is ensured by a self-hardening chemical system based on furan resin.
- the standard dimensions of a laminate 300 are 1200 mm x 800 mm as a basic dimension, the fleas being individualized depending on the calculated fleas of the individual laminates.
- the production system can produce laminated bodies of up to 10 cm in size in a continuous process. This is loose basic molding material, whose particles are already with chemical binder were wrapped, placed on the conveyor belt and pre-smoothed with a doctor blade.
- a roller 700 compacts the molding material layer 300 and at the same time creates the required layer height. Excess material can fall to the left and right of the conveyor belt. Directly behind the roller 700, the endless strip of molding material is cut at the edges using band saws to the building space width of 800 mm. Once the required length has been reached, the conveyance stops and the laminated body 300 is cut to size using a movable saw. The process sequence runs intermittently in layers.
- the laminates of a cluster are virtually sorted from the smallest to the largest layer thickness and produced from the smallest to the greatest layer thickness.
- Layer height transitions between two layers are implemented using a linear method in the vertical direction of the roller 700.
- the laminates harden to a firmness within a running meter on the conveyor belt, so that mechanical handling is possible without damaging the laminates.
- the endless layer is divided into individual layers over a length of 1200 mm on the outgoing side of the machine with the movable band saw.
- the wedge-shaped connecting pieces between two laminated bodies with different layer heights are also cut using the movable saw system.
- Laminated bodies with a basic dimension of 1200 mm ⁇ 800 mm are now present, with the layer heights varying between the laminated bodies 300.
- the conveyor belt pushes the laminated bodies onto a roller conveyor arranged at right angles to the first belt.
- the separated layer transitions are ejected to the side in front of the roller conveyor and fed back into the regeneration cycle.
- the layered bodies on the first conveyor belt were still sorted according to the increasing layer height, they are now sorted directly in the order of their individual layer number and position in the final mold when they are placed on the roller conveyor. This can be done by moving the layered bodies already on the roller conveyor. If, for example, the laminates with layer numbers 3 and 7 are already on the roller conveyor, then layer number 6 would be placed directly between the two already lying laminates, and the laminate with layer number 1 would be placed to the left of layer number 3.
- the laminated bodies are now with standardized basic dimensions and at individual heights from left to right in ascending layer number / layer number on the roller conveyor.
- a computer-controlled milling machine is installed on the left-hand side of this roller conveyor, which can mill 2D geometries and, as an additional degree of freedom, can also pivot the milling head with an end mill 600.
- the layered bodies are positioned on the milling table according to the layer number, and the individual milling of the required cavities / recesses in the respective layered body 300 present is carried out.
- the released molding material dust is extracted directly from above and below, and burrs are removed directly from the edges of the laminated bodies via trailing chains. As a result, no further cleaning effort is required on the laminated bodies 300, and these can be lifted off using a robot with a pneumatic suction gripper after a successful milling pass. Seven layers are tied up as a package on a Euro pallet and form a shipping unit.
- the molding material left over from the manufacturing process as well as the molding material residues from the manufacturing process of the blanks are shredded and regenerated directly.
- the twenty-one laminates are delivered to the customer's foundry in the form of 201 three Euro pallets, which can stack the laminates directly on top of one another with their hall crane and add weights.
- the subsequent casting process does not differ from conventional sand casting processes.
- a method for producing articles by a casting process characterized in that the casting mold is composed of layers which are produced and structured outside of the space in which they are combined to form the casting mold.
- 2nd aspect Method for producing articles by a casting method according to aspect 1, characterized in that the layers are structured with a subtractive method.
- 3rd aspect A method for the production of articles by a casting method according to aspect 1 or 2, characterized in that the layers are essentially free of undercuts perpendicular to their plane of extension.
- Aspect A method for producing articles by a casting method according to one of aspects 1 to 5, characterized in that the processing is carried out in the still unbound state by suction, scraping, milling or similar processes. 7. Aspect: Method for the production of articles by a casting method according to one of the aspects 1 to 6, characterized in that the layers consist of metals, ceramics, plastics or natural materials.
- Aspect Process for the production of articles by a casting process according to one of aspects 1 to 7, characterized in that the layers are formed from solids, particulate materials, suspensions, emulsions, dispersions, slips, aerosols.
- Aspect Process for the production of articles by a casting process according to one of aspects 1 to 8, characterized in that the particle material used is quartz sand, artificial sand, mullite, rutile sand, chrome ore sand, kerphalites, cerabeads, glass beads, ceramic particles, ceramic powders, steel particles , Aluminum particles, copper particles, particles of copper alloys, metallic particles, plastic particles or granules or natural material particles or granules can be used.
- Aspect Method for the production of articles by a casting method according to one of aspects 1 to 9, characterized in that the particles are connected to form a layer with an adhesive force consisting of chemical bonding, physical drying, magnetic interaction, electrostatic interaction or the effect of gravity.
- Aspect Device for carrying out a method according to one of Aspects 1 to 11.
- Aspect Mold for a cast component which was produced using a method according to one of Aspects 1 to 11. Reference number
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019209047.8A DE102019209047B4 (de) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Gussform und mit dem Verfahren hergestellte Gussform |
| PCT/EP2020/067242 WO2020254656A1 (de) | 2019-06-21 | 2020-06-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer gussform und mit dem verfahren hergestellte gussform |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3986635A1 true EP3986635A1 (de) | 2022-04-27 |
Family
ID=71465288
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20736585.9A Pending EP3986635A1 (de) | 2019-06-21 | 2020-06-19 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer gussform und mit dem verfahren hergestellte gussform |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20220355368A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3986635A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN114286727B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019209047B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020254656A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1043369A (de) * | 1962-08-21 | |||
| US4752352A (en) * | 1986-06-06 | 1988-06-21 | Michael Feygin | Apparatus and method for forming an integral object from laminations |
| US6627835B1 (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2003-09-30 | Purdue Research Foundation | Three dimensional object fabrication techniques |
| EP1404501B1 (de) * | 2001-06-05 | 2012-08-01 | Mikro Systems Inc. | Verfahren und guss-system zur herstellung dreidimensionaler vorrichtungen |
| DE10242191B4 (de) * | 2001-09-27 | 2009-02-05 | Actech Gmbh | Verfahren für die Herstellung von hitzebeständigen Gießformen |
| JP2004336969A (ja) * | 2003-05-12 | 2004-11-25 | Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd | 鋳造装置 |
| JP4606097B2 (ja) * | 2004-09-02 | 2011-01-05 | 花王株式会社 | 成形用金型 |
| DE102005059486A1 (de) * | 2005-12-08 | 2007-06-14 | Condux Gmbh | Mehrteiliges Formwerkzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Formwerkzeuges |
| US9315663B2 (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2016-04-19 | Mikro Systems, Inc. | Systems, devices, and/or methods for manufacturing castings |
| DE102010060868A1 (de) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-05-31 | Eco-Form Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Form oder Formhälfte für ein Gussteil sowie Formkasten |
| CN202239496U (zh) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-05-30 | 重庆志成机械股份有限公司 | 金属重力铸造模具 |
| US8904847B2 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-12-09 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Laminated cavity tooling |
| US20150251351A1 (en) * | 2014-03-10 | 2015-09-10 | Michael Feygin | Remove and refill method and apparatus for laminated object manufacturing |
| DE102014223922A1 (de) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-05-25 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Druckgussform in Schalenbauweise mit mehrschichtiger Schale |
| JP6354543B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-26 | 2018-07-11 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | ダイカスト鋳造装置及びダイカスト鋳造方法 |
| DE102016202657A1 (de) * | 2016-02-22 | 2017-08-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zum Gießen eines Bauteils komplexer Geometrie mit einer Gießform in Segmentbauweise |
| EP3320999B1 (de) * | 2016-11-15 | 2019-11-13 | GF Casting Solutions AG | Fertigungsverfahren mit einer vakuum-sandgussform |
| JP6829180B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-22 | 2021-02-10 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 構造体、及び構造体の製造方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-06-21 DE DE102019209047.8A patent/DE102019209047B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2020
- 2020-06-19 EP EP20736585.9A patent/EP3986635A1/de active Pending
- 2020-06-19 US US17/620,957 patent/US20220355368A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-06-19 WO PCT/EP2020/067242 patent/WO2020254656A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-06-19 CN CN202080045643.1A patent/CN114286727B/zh active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2020254656A1 (de) | 2020-12-24 |
| CN114286727B (zh) | 2024-11-15 |
| CN114286727A (zh) | 2022-04-05 |
| US20220355368A1 (en) | 2022-11-10 |
| DE102019209047A1 (de) | 2020-12-24 |
| DE102019209047B4 (de) | 2021-09-16 |
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