EP3980204A1 - Verbundwerkstoff aus metall und keramik und verfahren zu dessen herstellung - Google Patents
Verbundwerkstoff aus metall und keramik und verfahren zu dessen herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3980204A1 EP3980204A1 EP20742155.3A EP20742155A EP3980204A1 EP 3980204 A1 EP3980204 A1 EP 3980204A1 EP 20742155 A EP20742155 A EP 20742155A EP 3980204 A1 EP3980204 A1 EP 3980204A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- magnesium oxide
- composite material
- ceramic
- volume
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0031—Matrix based on refractory metals, W, Mo, Nb, Hf, Ta, Zr, Ti, V or alloys thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/12—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on oxides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the invention relates to a composite material made of metal and ceramic for applications in aluminum metallurgy according to claims 1 and 2 and a method for producing a composite material made of metal and ceramic for applications in aluminum metallurgy according to claims 6, 7 and 8.
- patent specification DD 210931 discloses high refractory products with high corrosion resistance to metal melts, which high refractory products are made from a mixture of 15-9% by weight of aluminum-titanium slag, as is obtained in the production of iron-titanium alloys by the aluminothermic process , Marked are.
- the high refractory products have a composition of 64 - 66% A12O3, 19 - 22% TiO 2 , 4 - 7% MgO, 3 - 6% CaO, 1.5 - 3% Fe 2 0 3 , 0.5 - 1.5% SiO2 and a grain size of 0 to 6 mm or grain size fractions in this range and known binders for the production of refractory linings which are processed with water into a rammed or sprayed mixture or into molded bodies and dried or prebaked.
- the highly refractory products are suitable for lining or use in pyrotechnic, heat-generating or heat-storing systems. Due to the purely ceramic
- US Pat. No. 5,037,070 describes a material based on Ni-Al alloys, in which resistance to metal melts and the like. a. compared to aluminum melts, is generated by previous oxidation. It is disadvantageous that uniform oxidation leads to susceptibility to corrosion.
- US Pat. No. 4,546,052 also discloses a metallic material for high-temperature applications which is given an oxide protective layer through previous oxidation.
- German laid-open specification DE 10 2012 021 906 A1 finally describes a composite material made from S1 3 N 4 and ZrO 2 , which is given an oxide protective layer (ZrSi04) for applications in non-ferrous metallurgy, among others, through heat treatment.
- the composite material has a purely ceramic composition in the system mentioned, whereby its properties are determined.
- the invention is based on the object of developing a composite material made of metal and ceramic which has a high level of corrosion resistance in contact with aluminum melts or aluminum alloys, while avoiding the disadvantages of the prior art.
- the invention provides a corrosion-resistant and ductile composite material made of metal and ceramic for applications in aluminum metallurgy with at least 40% by volume of metal and at least 1% by volume of magnesium oxide and / or compounds containing magnesium oxide, the composite material With- by means of a 3-dimensional printing process, debinding and sintering of a metalloceramic slip from powder containing magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide and metal powder at room temperature.
- the invention provides a corrosion-resistant and ductile composite material made of metal and ceramic for applications in aluminum metallurgy with at least 40% by volume of metal and at least 1% by volume of magnesium oxide and / or compounds containing magnesium oxide, the composite material by means of a 3-dimensional printing process, debinding and sintering of a paste from powder containing magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide and metal powder can be produced at room temperature.
- the invention provides a method for producing a composite material of metal and ceramic for applications in aluminum metallurgy containing at least 40% by volume of metal and at least 1% by volume of magnesium oxide and / or compounds containing magnesium oxide, wherein the metal and the ceramic in the form of a granulate, powder and / or a fiber are pressed, dried, debinded and sintered in a protective gas atmosphere or in a vacuum in the temperature range 1000 ° C to 1500 ° C at room temperature.
- the invention provides a method for producing a composite material of metal and ceramic for applications in aluminum metallurgy containing at least 40% by volume of metal and at least 1% by volume of magnesium oxide and / or compounds containing magnesium oxide, wherein the metal and the ceramic in the form of metal-ceramic slips on an aqueous or non-aqueous basis are cast, dried, debinded and sintered in a protective gas atmosphere or in a vacuum in the temperature range 1000 ° C to 1500 ° C at room temperature.
- the invention provides a method for producing a composite material made of metal and ceramic for applications in aluminum tallurgy containing at least 40% by volume of metal and at least 1% by volume of magnesium oxide and / or compounds containing magnesium oxide, with a metal-ceramic mass being extruded, dried, debinded and under a protective gas atmosphere or in a vacuum in the temperature range 1000 ° C to 1500 ° at room temperature C is sintered.
- a metallic matrix with addition of particles in the form of ceramic oxide particles in the form of magnesium oxide and / or compounds containing magnesium oxide is used in order to provide a corrosion-resistant and ductile composite material.
- the composite material according to the invention made of metal and ceramic and the composite material produced according to the method according to the invention for producing a composite material from metal and ceramic can u. a. in the field of aluminum metallurgy as a lining material for metallurgical vessels or as a material in key components that are in direct contact with the melt, such as B. stirrers, slide plates, pouring pipes, channels, pouring bridges, flushing cones, riser pipes, pouring rings or pump and conveyor components can be used.
- the invention has the advantage of creating a composite material which shows no brittle fracture behavior at room temperature under tensile, bending or compressive stress.
- One embodiment of the composite material according to the invention contains at least 10% by volume of magnesium oxide and / or compounds containing magnesium oxide.
- the composite material according to the invention preferably contains at least 20% by volume of magnesium oxide and / or compounds containing magnesium oxide.
- the composite material according to the invention further preferably contains at least 30% by volume of magnesium oxide and / or compounds containing magnesium oxide.
- the composite material can be have proportions of magnesium oxide and / or compounds containing magnesium oxide ranging from 1% by volume to 60% by volume.
- the composite material according to the invention can assume all possible compositions within this range in addition to the compositions specifically mentioned below with reference to exemplary embodiments.
- One embodiment of the composite material according to the invention contains at most 60% by volume of magnesium oxide and / or of compounds containing magnesium oxide. This has the advantage that plastic deformation is already present at room temperature in the event of a tensile, bending and / or compressive load.
- the metal comprises one or more steel alloys.
- Steels with chromium, nickel, vanadium, manganese and titanium alloy elements are also preferably used as the metal component.
- Another embodiment of the composite material according to the invention contains chromium, nickel, vanadium, manganese and / or titanium as alloying elements.
- metals in the form of powders, granules or fibers are mixed with magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide in the form of powders, granules or fibers, the binder is removed and then sintered under a protective gas atmosphere.
- the mixed metals in the form of powders, granules or fibers are formed with magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide in the form of powders, granules or fibers as semi-finished products via a powder metallurgical primary shaping process at room temperature before debinding and sintering. It is further preferred that the semi-finished products are shaped before drying.
- components or products that have not yet been dried are coated with aqueous or non-aqueous metallic or metal-ceramic slurries and / or plastic compounds and joined, dried, debonded at room temperature. modified and sintered under a protective gas atmosphere or vacuum in the temperature range 1000 ° C to 1500 ° C.
- a pressed, cast or extruded semi-finished product is formed from the metal and the ceramic before debinding and sintering.
- the pressed, cast or extruded semi-finished product is preferably formed from the metal and the ceramic in the process according to the invention before drying.
- the powder-metallurgical primary shaping processes at room temperature are pressing processes for granulates made of metal and ceramics, casting processes based on metal-ceramic slurries on an aqueous or non-aqueous basis, or extrusion processes based on metal-ceramic compounds that are malleable at room temperature, preferably kneadable.
- metal-ceramic papers can be formed by filtration casting processes at room temperature.
- the not yet dried products can be coated with the help of aqueous or non-aqueous metallic or metal-ceramic slips in the sense of ceramic gameting or with metal-ceramic plastic compounds and joined together at room temperature.
- the products are preferably dried and the binder removed in the temperature range from 200 ° C to 500 ° C and then in an atmosphere of protective gases such as inert or reducing gases based on argon, hydrogen or under vacuum, in the temperature range from 1000 ° C to 1500 ° C sintered.
- protective gases such as inert or reducing gases based on argon, hydrogen or under vacuum
- HP pressure-assisted sintering process hot pressing
- HIP hot isostatic pressing
- SPS spark plasma sintering
- a flexible route to the production of composite materials includes mixing, homogenizing and kneading the starting materials (steel and non-metallic components) with the addition of there would be water and a water-soluble organic binder system based on cellulose derivatives, wetting agents and lubricants. Shaping into filigree (eg honeycomb bodies, hollow spaghetti) and compact semi-finished extruded products (eg solid cylinders) takes place by means of an extruder at room temperature by pressing the deformable mass through a die (mouthpiece). The geometry of the composite materials to be produced can be varied over a wide range. After drying, the extruded samples have sufficient strength for handling, mechanical processing and for joining. During debinding at 200-500 ° C, the organic processing aids required for shaping are burned out. The subsequent sintering creates the final strength and the desired thermo-mechanical and corrosive properties of the composite materials.
- filigree eg honeycomb bodies, hollow spaghetti
- compact semi-finished extruded products e
- Figs. 1a-c a light microscope image of test specimens
- Figs. 2a-c the light microscope image according to FIGS. la-c in higher magnification
- Figs. 3a, b a light microscope image of test specimens before and after an immersion test
- Figs. 7a-f test specimen after an oxidation test.
- an exemplary composite material according to the invention is explained in more detail on the basis of its advantageous properties, partly in comparison with conventional materials.
- the composite material according to the invention was produced or provided as follows. A mixture of 90% by volume, 80% by volume or 60% by volume of steel 316L (grain size 2 - 80 ⁇ m, i.e. 31 mth from TLStechnik GmbH & Co. Spezialpulver KG) and 10% by volume, 20% by volume or 40% by volume, magnesium oxide (MgO) (grain size 0.5-200 ⁇ m or 16 ⁇ m, Refratechnik), converted into prisms by means of uniaxial pressing and fired at 1350 ° C. in an inert argon atmosphere.
- MgO magnesium oxide
- test specimens based on DIN CEN / TS 15418 on a guide for raising / lowering were dipped into the metal melt for defined times
- the dynamic test variant with a sample rotating in the melt was selected to ensure practical corrosion conditions.
- FIG. 3 shows light microscope images of test specimens with 40% by volume of MgO: 3a) before the immersion test and 3b) after a 96 h immersion test in an aluminum melt of the alloy AlSi7MgO, 3 (EN AC-42100) at 850 ° C.
- Fig. 3 microscopic investigations The results of the material combination 40M (60 vol.% steel 316L + 40 vol.% MgO) before and after the corrosion test are compared.
- the analysis reveals a change in the structure of the test specimen after contact with molten aluminum alloy due to immersion in AlSi7MgO.3 at 850 ° C. for 96 hours. Both in FIG. 3 a and FIG.
- FIGS. 3a, b black marginal strips labeled 1 are visible on the left edge of the image, which are not a reproduction of the test specimens shown in area 2.
- Black areas in FIG. 3a represent ceramic components, whereas metal components or metal particles implemented as steel are shown in light gray.
- a comparison of FIGS. 3a, b reveals a changed structure with a decrease in the light areas, i.e. steel. The reduction in the light areas is due to an oxidized layer formed around the steel particles.
- FIG. 4 shows a picture taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in the corrosion area of a composite material according to the invention composed of 60% by volume of steel and 40% by volume of MgO after 96 hours of contact with AlSi7Mg0.3 shows the specimen in area 1, in area 2 the solidified aluminum melt and the embedding resin required for analysis in area 3.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the recording on the right is an enlargement of the section marked with a rectangle in the left recording.
- areas with different chemical constituents or compositions can be seen with numbers.
- an area 5 made of 316L steel areas 6 made of magnesium-iron oxide (Mg-Fe-O)
- the enlargement shows that the aluminum melt did not penetrate the composite material.
- a chemical composition of the corresponding areas A, B, C and D shown in FIG. 5 in the form of tables of weight percent and atomic percent does not indicate any infiltration of the composite material specimen by the aluminum melt.
- FIG. 6 An element-selective representation, shown as FIG. 6, of selected elements in the contact area between the composite material specimen and a solidified aluminum melt.
- the overall representation of the corrosively stressed composite test specimen marked with SEM is followed by the respective distributions of the elements iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), magnesium (Mg), oxygen (O), aluminum (Al) shown as shades of gray ) and silicon (Si) in the entire area of the SEM image. If the elements iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), or oxygen (O) and also magnesium (Mg) are distributed over a large area, the elements aluminum and silicon are only minimal and available at certain points.
- the composite material according to the invention is not enriched with aluminum even at the edge. If there is no enrichment of aluminum in the edge area of the composite material specimen, the interior of the composite material specimen should also be free from aluminum and thus free from aluminum melt that has penetrated from the outside. This underlines the high corrosion resistance of the composite material according to the invention in contact with aluminum melts or aluminum alloys.
- the change in the structure of the composite material does not result from the contact with the aluminum melt but from the reaction with the oxygen-containing atmosphere Sphere in the furnace during heating to the test temperature of 850 ° C before the immersion process.
- samples were heated to 850 ° C. within 4 hours as usual and then exposed to the furnace atmosphere at this temperature for a further 24 hours.
- Figs. 7a to f show sample specimens made of pure steel and composite material variants each with 40% by volume magnesium oxide and further oxides after 24 h oxidation tests in a gas furnace at 850 ° C as follows: a) steel 316L, b) steel 16-7 -3, c) steel 316L +
- the steel variant 16-7-3 is a non-standardized alloy with 16% chromium, 7% manganese, 3% nickel, ⁇ 0.1% molybdenum and other other compositions according to steel 316L.
- FIGS. 7a to f which have photographically caused shadows or shadows, markings serving to identify the test specimens are identified by dotted rectangles 1 marked with an arrow 1.
- the reference specimens made of steel or steel and TiO 2 - FIGS. 7a, b, c, d - show significant impairments.
- the reference specimens of FIGS. 7a, b at 2 shown oxidations such as iron oxide formation in the form of flakes.
- FIGS. 7c, d shown are surrounded by oxide skins 3.
- test specimens with MgO - Figs. 7e, f - show almost no, at best extremely slight, signs of oxidation due to layers or flakes growing on the outside.
- areas 4, which correspond to the marked areas 2, 3 of the reference specimens, are shown in FIGS. 7e, f no changes observed.
- test specimens were measured and weighed in order to identify the influence of the sample composition on the thermophysical properties. The results are shown in Table 1.
- test specimens according to the invention with 40 vol.% MgO show the most intensive changes during the oxidation in the gas furnace compared to the sintered state.
- test specimens according to the invention show the lowest shrinkage during sintering, which is an essential factor for the design and manufacture of large-format parts.
- the steels used in the investigated composite material according to the invention are structured as follows.
- the matrix-forming metal consists of high-alloy steel, preferably with chromium, nickel, manganese, vanadium, titanium as the main alloying elements. Further alloy components can be one or more from the field of silicon, carbon or aluminum.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019004037 | 2019-06-07 | ||
| DE102019006457.7A DE102019006457A1 (de) | 2019-06-07 | 2019-09-12 | Verbundwerkstoff aus Metall und Keramik und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| PCT/DE2020/000125 WO2020244695A1 (de) | 2019-06-07 | 2020-06-08 | Verbundwerkstoff aus metall und keramik und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3980204A1 true EP3980204A1 (de) | 2022-04-13 |
Family
ID=73459753
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20742155.3A Pending EP3980204A1 (de) | 2019-06-07 | 2020-06-08 | Verbundwerkstoff aus metall und keramik und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3980204A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102019006457A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020244695A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113172724A (zh) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种可控网络陶瓷/金属复合材料制备工艺 |
| DE102023211437A1 (de) | 2023-11-17 | 2025-05-22 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Metallo-keramische Materialien |
| CN118143279B (zh) * | 2024-02-03 | 2024-10-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学(威海) | 一种基于3d打印的多孔钽骨植入物及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD210931A1 (de) | 1981-04-06 | 1984-06-27 | Univ Halle Wittenberg | Hochfeuerfesterzeugnisse mit hoher korrosionsbestaendigkeit gegen metallschmelzen |
| DE3372501D1 (en) | 1983-07-22 | 1987-08-20 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | High-temperature protective coating |
| US5037070A (en) | 1990-09-20 | 1991-08-06 | General Motors Corporation | Melt containment apparatus with protective oxide melt contact surface |
| ATE147669T1 (de) * | 1992-06-23 | 1997-02-15 | Sulzer Innotec Ag | Feinguss mit verschleissflächen |
| DE19855422A1 (de) * | 1998-12-01 | 2000-06-08 | Basf Ag | Hartstoff-Sinterformteil mit einem nickel- und kobaltfreien, stickstoffhaltigen Stahl als Binder der Hartstoffphase |
| US6645270B2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2003-11-11 | C. Edward Eckert | Method of heating a crucible for molten aluminum |
| AU2003271497A1 (en) * | 2002-11-11 | 2004-06-03 | Empa Eidgenossische Materialprufungs- Und Forschungsanstalt | Ceramic-metal or metal-ceramic composite |
| DE102012021906A1 (de) | 2012-11-09 | 2014-05-15 | Fct Ingenieurkeramik Gmbh | Keramischer Kompositwerkstoff, durch diesen gebildetes Bauteil sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des Kompositwerkstoffs |
| CN105458256A (zh) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-04-06 | 株洲西迪硬质合金科技股份有限公司 | 一种金属基复合材料及其增材制造方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-09-12 DE DE102019006457.7A patent/DE102019006457A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-06-08 EP EP20742155.3A patent/EP3980204A1/de active Pending
- 2020-06-08 WO PCT/DE2020/000125 patent/WO2020244695A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-06-08 DE DE212020000614.8U patent/DE212020000614U1/de active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102019006457A1 (de) | 2020-12-10 |
| WO2020244695A1 (de) | 2020-12-10 |
| DE212020000614U1 (de) | 2022-03-30 |
| WO2020244695A4 (de) | 2021-01-28 |
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