EP3978854B1 - Four à tunnel destiné au traitement thermique des produits, procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel four à tunnel et utilisation d'un tel four à tunnel - Google Patents

Four à tunnel destiné au traitement thermique des produits, procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel four à tunnel et utilisation d'un tel four à tunnel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3978854B1
EP3978854B1 EP20199362.3A EP20199362A EP3978854B1 EP 3978854 B1 EP3978854 B1 EP 3978854B1 EP 20199362 A EP20199362 A EP 20199362A EP 3978854 B1 EP3978854 B1 EP 3978854B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
kiln
gas
chamber
furnace
tunnel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20199362.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3978854A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Hajduk
Rainer Gundel
Andreas OVERHOFF
Matthias Uhl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Riedhammer GmbH
Riedhammer GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Riedhammer GmbH
Riedhammer GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to PL20199362.3T priority Critical patent/PL3978854T3/pl
Priority to HUE20199362A priority patent/HUE060601T2/hu
Priority to ES20199362T priority patent/ES2929591T3/es
Priority to EP20199362.3A priority patent/EP3978854B1/fr
Priority to PT201993623T priority patent/PT3978854T/pt
Application filed by Riedhammer GmbH, Riedhammer GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Riedhammer GmbH
Priority to SI202030123T priority patent/SI3978854T1/sl
Priority to DK20199362.3T priority patent/DK3978854T3/da
Publication of EP3978854A1 publication Critical patent/EP3978854A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3978854B1 publication Critical patent/EP3978854B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F27B9/045—Furnaces with controlled atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/06—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity heated without contact between combustion gases and charge; electrically heated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/26—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace on or in trucks, sleds, or containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/3005—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/3005—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases
    • F27B9/3011—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases arrangements for circulating gases transversally
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
    • F27D11/02—Ohmic resistance heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/12—Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/3005—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases
    • F27B9/3011—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases arrangements for circulating gases transversally
    • F27B2009/3016—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases arrangements for circulating gases transversally with arrangements to circulate gases through the charge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/3005—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types arrangements for circulating gases
    • F27B2009/3038—Fumes or gases alternatively changing their longitudinal direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/12—Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge
    • F27D2003/125—Charging cars, lift trolleys
    • F27D2003/128—Charging cars, lift trolleys for carrying stacks of articles, e.g. bricks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tunnel kiln for the heat treatment of products, a method for operating such a tunnel kiln and the use of such a tunnel kiln.
  • a tunnel kiln which is also referred to as a continuous kiln, is a continuous kiln type, i.e. an industrial kiln that is continuously charged with products to be heat-treated in the kiln.
  • a tunnel kiln has a tunnel-like kiln space through which the products to be treated with heat are continuously moved and are thereby subjected to heat.
  • the tunnel-like furnace space extends from a first end, at which the products are introduced into the furnace space, to an opposite second end, at which the products are discharged from the furnace space again after their heat treatment in the furnace space.
  • Tunnel kilns are usually operated according to the countercurrent principle.
  • Fresh air is introduced into the furnace chamber at the second end, which is also referred to as the furnace outlet, then passed through the furnace chamber and discharged out of the furnace chamber again at the first end, which is also referred to as the furnace inlet.
  • Means for heating the furnace space usually in the form of gas burners, are arranged in the central area of the furnace space, which is also referred to as the combustion zone.
  • the fresh air introduced into the furnace chamber at the second end is therefore initially relatively cool, is heated up in the combustion zone, and this hot combustion gas is then conducted further to the first end of the furnace chamber and discharged from the furnace there.
  • Products transported through the furnace chamber are therefore first preheated by the heated combustion gases, thermally treated in the furnace chamber by the hot gases and then indirectly cooled by a heat exchanger before leaving the furnace chamber.
  • These three zones of the furnace chamber of a tunnel kiln are therefore also referred to as the heating zone, holding zone and cooling zone.
  • Rail-guided kiln cars are known for transporting the products through the kiln space. These kiln cars are usually moved by cables or other mechanical drive means.
  • U.S. 2008/0116621 A1 describes a tunnel kiln in the form of a debinding furnace with gas burners.
  • GB886524A discloses a tunnel kiln that uses pulse burners to heat the kiln cavity pressurize
  • U.S. 2010/0127418 A1 and WO 2007/111045 A1 disclose roller ovens having electric heating elements.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a tunnel furnace for the heat treatment of products available, which is particularly advantageous for the heat treatment of powdered products can be used.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a tunnel kiln for the heat treatment of powdery products, in which the turbulence of the powdery products during the heat treatment in the tunnel kiln can be avoided.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for operating such a tunnel kiln.
  • the provision of the tunnel kiln according to the invention is based in particular on the knowledge according to the invention that turbulence of powdered products is caused in particular by horizontal flows of the gases in the kiln space in the region of the powder to be heat-treated in the tunnel kiln.
  • these horizontal gas flows are caused in particular by the gas flow along the longitudinal axis of the furnace chamber, i.e. along the transport direction of the kiln cars in the conventional tunnel kilns operated according to the countercurrent principle.
  • a basic idea of the invention is therefore to avoid horizontal gas flows in the furnace space, particularly in the area of the products to be fired.
  • a central idea of the invention is to generate a gas flow directed essentially vertically upwards in the area of the products to be burned. This also means in particular a departure from the usual countercurrent principle when operating the tunnel kiln according to the invention.
  • the gas outlets and gas inlets of the tunnel kiln according to the invention are provided in order to enable a vertically upward gas flow during operation of the tunnel kiln according to the invention. These gas outlets or gas inlets, which are specifically arranged according to the invention, enable the combustion gases to flow essentially vertically upwards in the furnace chamber.
  • these gas outlets and gas inlets are supplemented synergistically by the specific arrangement of the kiln furniture, which is arranged on the kiln car to form a vertical gap between the kiln furniture. According to the invention, it was recognized that the formation of such vertical gaps between the kiln furniture can generate or support a gas flow directed vertically upwards in the furnace chamber.
  • the tunnel furnace according to the invention is used in particular for the heat treatment of products in the form of powder.
  • the tunnel furnace according to the invention has proven to be particularly advantageous for the heat treatment of products in the form of cathode material, in particular such a cathode material in powder form.
  • the tunnel furnace according to the invention has been found for the synthesis of such powdered cathode material.
  • the furnace chamber of the tunnel furnace according to the invention can essentially be designed according to the prior art.
  • the furnace ceiling can be designed as known from the prior art, preferably as a flat ceiling or vaulted ceiling, but preferably as a vaulted ceiling.
  • the furnace roof can preferably consist of refractory bricks, in particular refractory ceramic bricks, particularly preferably bricks based on Al 2 O 3 , in particular bricks with an Al 2 O 3 content of at least 97% by mass, more preferably at least 99% by mass -%, based on the mass of the stones.
  • the gas outlets in the furnace roof can be provided in particular in the form of openings in the furnace roof.
  • a plurality of gas outlets are preferably provided, preferably distributed over the furnace roof, particularly preferably distributed evenly over the furnace roof, in particular distributed over the length of the furnace.
  • the gas outlets are arranged in the middle of the furnace roof. If the furnace ceiling is designed as a vault, the outlets are preferably arranged at the apex of the vault, with the apex of the vault preferably running in the middle of the furnace ceiling.
  • the gas outlets preferably open into gas lines through which the gas that can be let out of the gas outlets can be conducted.
  • blowers are preferably provided, through which the gas that can be discharged from the gas outlets can be drawn off and passed on, in particular via the gas lines.
  • Such fans are preferably provided entirely or partially outside the furnace space.
  • the blowers can have a socket which, for example, can also reach into the furnace space into which the gas outlets open.
  • the gas lines for conducting the gas that can be let out of the gas outlets preferably lead to at least one of these fans in each case.
  • the furnace walls preferably run vertically and are preferably made of refractory bricks, in particular refractory ceramic bricks.
  • the furnace walls can preferably consist of refractory bricks, in particular refractory ceramic bricks, particularly preferably bricks based on Al 2 O 3 , in particular bricks with an Al 2 O 3 content of at least 97% by mass, more preferably at least 99% by mass -%, based on the mass of the stones.
  • the gas inlets are preferably provided in the form of openings in the furnace walls.
  • a plurality of gas inlets are preferably provided, preferably distributed over the furnace walls, particularly preferably distributed evenly over the furnace walls.
  • gas can be introduced very uniformly into the furnace chamber via the gas inlets, as a result of which turbulence of powdery products to be heat-treated in the furnace chamber can be avoided.
  • the gas inlets are preferably arranged at a distance from one another along the transport direction, particularly preferably distributed uniformly over the length of the furnace. This allows over the furnace length Gas can be introduced particularly evenly into the furnace chamber, which in turn avoids turbulence of powdery products in the furnace chamber.
  • both the gas outlets and the gas inlets are distributed over the length of the furnace, in particular distributed evenly over the length of the furnace, a particularly uniform vertically upward gas flow can be generated in the furnace space.
  • the flow cross section of the gas inlets is adjustable. This has the particular advantage that the flow volume and the flow distribution of the gas that can be introduced into the furnace chamber via these gas inlets can be adjusted.
  • the gas inlets are arranged in such a way that gas can be introduced into the furnace chamber below the kiln furniture via the gas inlets.
  • This has the advantage, in particular, that the gas introduced into the furnace chamber via these gas inlets does not lead to any turbulence of powdery products in the furnace chamber.
  • gas inlets are preferably arranged at the lower end of the furnace walls, ie on the region of the furnace walls adjacent to the furnace floor. Gas can preferably be introduced horizontally into the furnace space via these gas inlets, so that the powdered products are prevented from being directly impacted by the gas introduced into the furnace space from these gas inlets, and turbulence of these products can thereby be prevented.
  • gas can be introduced into the furnace chamber via the gas inlets exclusively below the kiln furniture.
  • gas to be able to be introduced into the furnace space at different heights via the gas inlets, ie at different (vertical) heights of the furnace space.
  • the gas inlets can be arranged at different heights on the furnace walls.
  • a particular advantage of this embodiment is that gas can be introduced into the oven space distributed over the height of the oven space, whereby gas can be introduced very evenly into the oven space and thus turbulence of powdered products in the oven space can be prevented.
  • gas can also be introduced into the furnace chamber via the gas inlets in the area or at the level of the products to be treated in the furnace chamber.
  • gas can also be introduced into the furnace chamber via gas inlets below the kiln furniture, with regard to these gas inlets, through which gas below the kiln furniture can enter the furnace chamber can be introduced, gas can be introduced into the furnace chamber at a higher speed than through the further gas inlets, in particular those further gas inlets through which gas can be introduced into the furnace chamber at the level of the products to be treated in the furnace chamber.
  • gas can be fed into the furnace chamber below the kiln furniture via the gas inlets, this gas can then flow vertically upwards and in particular also flow upwards through the vertical gaps formed between the kiln furniture to the furnace roof, where the gas is then discharged from the furnace chamber via the gas outlets becomes.
  • the products in the kiln furniture are essentially subjected to heat from the combustion gases directed vertically upwards.
  • Gas can be introduced into the furnace chamber below all kiln furniture. This has the particular advantage that all kiln furniture can be charged with gas on the underside, which can then flow vertically upwards between all kiln furniture, so that all kiln furniture, i.e. over the entire width of the furnace chamber, is evenly filled with gas, in particular by a gas flow directed vertically upwards , can be applied.
  • a further advantage of gas that can be introduced into the furnace chamber below the kiln furniture is, in particular, that the products located in the kiln furniture can be thermally treated very advantageously, since in particular heat losses from the products that are arranged in the lower kiln furniture can be compensated.
  • further gas inlets are provided at the level of the kiln furniture, these can be provided in particular for charging the kiln furniture adjacent to the furnace wall with gas.
  • gas inlets and gas outlets can therefore be arranged in such a way that gas can be guided through the furnace chamber, forming an upward flow, in particular a vertically upward flow.
  • gas inlets and the gas outlets can be arranged in such a way that gas can be guided through the furnace chamber while avoiding a horizontally directed flow.
  • the gas inlets and the gas outlets can therefore be arranged in such a way that gas is avoided a gas flow can be guided through the furnace chamber according to the countercurrent principle.
  • the gas inlets and the gas outlets can be arranged in such a way that gas can be guided through the furnace space in the transport direction while avoiding a gas flow.
  • the gas inlets are preferably connected to gas lines which open into the gas inlets and via which the gas which can be introduced into the furnace chamber through the gas inlets can be routed to the gas inlets.
  • the gas outlets open into the gas lines described above, via which this gas can in turn be routed to the gas inlets.
  • gas can be circulated through the tunnel kiln. As explained above, this gas circulation can be supported by means of the fans.
  • blowers A particular advantage of the use of blowers is that they can contribute to an equalization of the furnace gases drawn off from the furnace space.
  • the tunnel furnace according to the invention has means for heating the furnace space.
  • the means for heating the furnace chamber are electric heating elements.
  • electrical heating elements are resistance heating elements which, because of their electrical resistance, heat up when electrical current is passed through them.
  • Ceramic heating elements are particularly preferred, in particular non-oxidic ceramic heating elements, in particular ceramic heating elements made of SiC (silicon carbide) or SiN (silicon nitride). Provision is preferably made for the furnace chamber to be able to be subjected to heat by the electrical heating elements predominantly by means of convection and less by means of radiation.
  • the advantage of subjecting the oven chamber to convection heat is, in particular, that the products located in the oven chamber can be subjected to heat more evenly as a result, since essentially no shielding effects occur in this respect.
  • the gas that can be introduced into the furnace chamber through the gas inlets can be heated by the heating elements. It is provided that the gas that can be introduced into the furnace chamber through the gas inlets can be heated by the heating elements before the gas is introduced into the furnace chamber. In this respect, the gas that can be introduced into the furnace chamber is first heated by the heating elements and then through the gas inlets into the furnace chamber initiated. For this purpose, provision can be made for gas to first be routed past the heating elements in such a way that the gas is heated and then introduced into the furnace space through the gas inlets.
  • gas is initially routed past the heating elements by means of the aforementioned gas lines in such a way that the gas is heated and then introduced through the gas inlets into the furnace chamber.
  • the gas is discharged from the furnace chamber via the gas outlets, then guided past the heating elements in such a way that the gas is heated by them, and then the gas is introduced into the furnace chamber via the gas inlets.
  • the gas can be conducted via gas lines from the gas outlets to the heating elements and then on to the gas inlets.
  • the gas flow can, as explained above, be supported by blowers.
  • the heated gas introduced into the furnace space through the gas inlets can be used to heat the furnace space to a desired temperature.
  • the furnace chamber is heated to the desired temperature for the heat treatment of the products contained in the kiln furniture.
  • the tunnel furnace according to the invention is also particularly suitable for the heat treatment of products at high temperatures, in particular also at at least 300°C or at least 700°C.
  • the furnace chamber can be heated to a temperature in the range from 300 to 1200°C, in the range from 700 to 1200°C, in the range from 300 to 1000°C and in particular
  • the tunnel furnace according to the invention is used for the heat treatment of products in the form of cathode material, in particular for the synthesis of powdery cathode material, it can be provided that the furnace chamber is heated to a temperature in the range from 1000 to 1200°C.
  • a gas distribution space is formed below the kiln furniture.
  • This gas distribution space is used in particular to distribute fuel gas evenly underneath the kiln furniture, so that the equalized gas can then rise vertically from the gas distribution space between the kiln furniture.
  • the products in the kiln furniture can be supplied with fuel gas and thus with heat very evenly.
  • the kiln furniture can preferably rest on supports that are spaced apart from one another, the supports preferably resting on the kiln cars.
  • the supports can preferably be ceramic, in particular refractory ceramic bricks.
  • the gas distribution space is preferably formed between the top of the kiln car and the kiln furniture.
  • Gas can particularly preferably be introduced into this gas distribution space via the gas inlets.
  • Gas can particularly preferably be introduced into the gas distribution space via the above-mentioned gas inlets, via which gas can be introduced into the furnace space below the kiln furniture.
  • the kiln furniture is arranged on the kiln car, forming at least one vertical gap between the kiln furniture.
  • vertical column gases between the kiln furniture can vertically upwards to the pour oven cover.
  • At least one of the at least one vertical gaps between the kiln furniture particularly preferably runs in the transport direction.
  • Several of the vertical gaps preferably run in the transport direction. According to the invention, it was recognized that such gaps between the kiln furniture running vertically in the direction of transport not only generate a vertically upward flow of gases in the furnace space, but also at the same time a gas flow of gases in the furnace space in the direction of transport can be particularly effectively suppressed.
  • the kiln furniture can be arranged on the kiln car at a horizontal distance from one another.
  • the kiln furniture are spaced apart from one another transversely to the transport direction, forming at least one vertical gap between the kiln furniture on the kiln car, in order to form at least one gap between the kiln furniture in the transport direction.
  • vertical gaps can also be formed transversely to the transport direction between the kiln furniture, for which purpose the kiln furniture can be spaced apart from one another along the transport direction, forming at least one vertical gap between the kiln furniture on the kiln car.
  • kiln furniture that can be stacked, in particular kiln furniture that can be stacked on top of one another, particularly preferably kiln furniture that can be stacked vertically on top of one another.
  • kiln furniture is provided in the form of cassettes, that is to say in the form of "boxes", in particular with a rectangular outer contour (in plan).
  • the kiln furniture can be arranged next to one another on the kiln car in a particularly simple and effective manner in such a way that vertical gaps can be formed between the kiln furniture.
  • the products are picked up by the kiln furniture.
  • the powders are included in the kiln furniture, ie in the case of kiln furniture in the form of cassettes or boxes, they are included in the cassettes or boxes.
  • the firing aids preferably consist of graphite or ceramic, for example an oxide ceramic or a non-oxide ceramic, particularly preferably a non-oxide ceramic, in particular a nitridic or carbidic non-oxide ceramic, particularly preferably SiC, in particular silicate or ceramic bonded SiC.
  • the kiln furniture is stacked vertically one above the other in such a way that a passage through which a flow can flow is formed between vertically adjacent kiln furniture.
  • the kiln furniture is in the form of cassettes, provision can be made, for example, for these cassettes to have closed walls in their lower area, so that powdery products can be safely accommodated in the cassettes, and for the walls of the cassettes to have openings in their upper area, Have holes or other openings through which combustion gases can flow between vertically adjacent cassettes.
  • the kiln cars can be designed according to the prior art.
  • the kiln cars can be moved through the kiln chamber on rails, for example.
  • To move the kiln cars they can be moved, for example, by means of cable pulls or similar mechanical drive means.
  • the kiln cars can (in top view) have an essentially rectangular outer contour.
  • the kiln cars each have an upper side on which the kiln furniture can be arranged.
  • the kiln furniture can preferably be placed on top of the kiln cars.
  • the upper side of the kiln car is preferably designed as a flat surface, preferably with a rectangular outer contour.
  • the tops of the kiln cars preferably delimit the bottom of the kiln space, ie they form the kiln floor.
  • the tunnel furnace is preferably sealed in a gas-tight manner.
  • the outside of the tunnel furnace is formed by a gas-tight jacket, preferably by a gas-tight steel housing.
  • the gas-tight steel housing particularly preferably also encloses the kiln cars located in the kiln space.
  • the gas-tight steel housing thus also encloses the kiln roof, the kiln walls and the kiln cars.
  • the gas-tight steel housing preferably runs below the kiln cars, so that the kiln cars are also enclosed in a gas-tight manner.
  • closure means can be provided by which the furnace space can be closed in a gas-tight manner, but which prevent Allow kiln cars in and out of the kiln room.
  • locks can preferably be provided at the first end and the second end. Appropriate locks at the first end and second end of the furnace chamber allow kiln cars to be moved into and out of the furnace chamber, and at the same time the furnace chamber remains permanently enclosed in a gas-tight manner.
  • An oxidic furnace atmosphere particularly preferably prevails in the furnace chamber or the tunnel furnace according to the invention is operated with an oxidic furnace atmosphere.
  • it can also be provided to operate the tunnel kiln with a reducing kiln atmosphere, for example if kiln furniture made of graphite is provided.
  • the proportion of oxygen gas in the furnace atmosphere is preferably more than 95% by volume. However, provision can also be made for the furnace to be operated with an air atmosphere, ie with an oxygen gas content of approximately 21% by volume. If the tunnel kiln is operated with a reducing kiln atmosphere, the kiln can be operated, for example, with nitrogen as the process gas and, for example, with a proportion of residual oxygen below 100 ppm.
  • a particular advantage of the tunnel kiln according to the invention is, in particular, that it can be made available in practically any length (in the transport direction), in particular with a length of more than 50 m at least 120 m, in particular of at least 150 m.
  • the tunnel kiln can have a length in the range of 50-250 m, for example.
  • the tunnel kiln preferably has a length in the range of 120-250 m, more preferably in the range of 150-250 m and even more preferably in the range of 150-200 m.
  • the method according to the invention can include the stipulations described herein for operating the tunnel kiln according to the invention.
  • the subject matter of the invention is also the use of a device according to the invention.
  • Tunnel kiln according to any one of claims 1-11 for heat treatment of products in the form of powder. It is preferably used with the proviso that the tunnel furnace is used for the heat treatment of products in the form of powdered cathode material, in particular for the synthesis of powdered cathode material.
  • figure 1 shows a view of a cross section of the tunnel kiln perpendicular to the transport direction or longitudinal axis of the tunnel kiln, the tunnel kiln being identified in its entirety with the reference numeral 1.
  • the transport direction and longitudinal axis of the tunnel kiln 1 run in figure 1 perpendicular to the drawing plane.
  • the long axis is in the figures 2 and 3 denoted by L, the transport direction along the Longitudinal axis L in the figures 2 and 3 runs to the right.
  • the tunnel kiln 1 comprises a tunnel-like kiln chamber 2, which extends perpendicular to the plane of the drawing from a first end (in front of the plane of the drawing) to a second end (behind the plane of the drawing) of the kiln chamber 2, with the kiln chamber 2 being covered on the top by a kiln ceiling 3 and on the side by a first, in figure 1 left, oven wall 4 and a second, in figure 1 right, furnace wall 5 is limited.
  • the tunnel kiln 1 also includes kiln cars 6, which are mounted on wheels 7 on rails 8 along the transport direction, i.e. in figure 1 perpendicular to the plane and in the figures 2 and 3 to the right, through furnace room 2.
  • Kiln furniture 9 for receiving products are arranged on the kiln car 6 .
  • the furnace roof 3 is made of refractory ceramic bricks. Arranged at equal distances from one another in the center of the furnace roof 3 are gas outlets 10 in the form of openings passing through the furnace roof 3, of which one such gas outlet 10 can be seen in the figures.
  • the gas outlets 10 are arranged at a uniform distance from one another along the transport direction on the furnace roof 3 .
  • the gas outlets 10 lead to a fan 12 driven by a motor 11.
  • the vertical furnace walls 4, 5 are made of refractory ceramic bricks.
  • gas inlets 17, 18, 19 are provided in the form of openings passing through the furnace walls 4, 5.
  • the gas inlets 17, 18, 19 are arranged at different heights on the furnace walls 4, 5 along the direction of transport, spaced evenly apart from one another over the length of the furnace.
  • lower gas inlets 17 located opposite one another on the side walls 4, 5, gas inlets 18 arranged above them and gas inlets 19 arranged above them in turn are arranged on the side walls 4, 5.
  • the lowest gas inlets 17 are arranged in such a way that this gas can be introduced below the kiln furniture 9 into the furnace space 2 .
  • gas can be introduced via these lowermost gas inlets 17 into a gas distribution space 20 formed below the kiln furniture 9, indicated by the arrows P1.
  • Gas can be introduced horizontally into the furnace chamber 2 via the gas inlets 17, 18, 19, with gas being able to be introduced into the furnace chamber 2 at a higher speed via the lower gas inlets 17 than through the gas inlets 18, 19 arranged above.
  • the refractory ceramic bricks of the furnace roof 6 and the furnace walls 4, 5 are high-alumina bricks with an Al 2 O 3 content of more than 99% by mass, based on the mass of the bricks.
  • the tunnel kiln 1 is formed on the outside by a steel housing 27 which seals the tunnel kiln 1 gas-tight to the outside.
  • the steel housing 27 has an essentially rectangular contour with a horizontally extending ceiling 27.1, a horizontally extending floor 27.2 and two vertical walls 27.3, 27.4.
  • a suspended ceiling 16 made of refractory ceramic bricks is suspended from the ceiling 27.1, which runs above the furnace ceiling 3 at a distance from it.
  • a free space 13 is formed between the furnace ceiling 3 and the suspended ceiling 16 above the furnace ceiling 3 .
  • the two walls 27.3, 27.4 of the steel jacket 27 are lined on the inside with a covering of refractory bricks 14, 15, which reaches up to the side walls 4, 5 at the level of the side walls 4, 5.
  • the lining of refractory bricks 14,15 has vertically extending openings 28 which extend at a distance from one another between the walls 27.3,27.4 and the side walls 4,5.
  • the gas inlets 17, 18, 19 extend each through the side walls 4, 5 from the furnace chamber 2 to these openings 28.
  • exhaust gas lines 31 are guided, which open at one end into the free space 13 and at the other end into valves 33 in the ceiling 27.1.
  • fresh gas lines 32 are passed through the panels 14, 15, which open at one end into the openings 28 and at the other end into valves 34 in the walls 27.3, 27.4.
  • the electrical heating elements 21 extend from the false ceiling 16 through the void 13 and through the openings 28.
  • the electrical heating elements 21 are SiC ceramic heating elements.
  • the kiln cars 6 are designed essentially according to the prior art. In this respect, the kiln cars 6 can be moved along the transport direction via wheels 7 on rails 8, and they can be moved via cables (not shown).
  • the kiln cars 6 have a (viewed from above) essentially rectangular outer contour.
  • the top 22 of the kiln car 6 is designed as a flat surface and delimits the kiln chamber 2 on the underside. To the side, the kiln cars 6 are each sealed off from the foundation 24 of the panels 14 , 15 of the tunnel kiln 1 via a labyrinth seal 23 .
  • the top 22 of the kiln car 6 serves as a support for the kiln cars 9.
  • the kiln cars 9 are placed on top 22 of the kiln cars 6 by means of supports 25 in the form of refractory ceramic bricks at a distance from them.
  • the gas distribution space 20 is formed between the kiln car 6 and the kiln furniture 9 .
  • the firing aids 9 consist of cassettes made of vitrified SiC that can be stacked vertically one on top of the other.
  • the firing aids 9 have a rectangular outer contour (in plan view).
  • the kiln furniture 9 has closed walls in its lower region and openings in its upper region, so that a passage through which a flow can flow remains between vertically adjacent kiln furniture 9 stacked on top of one another.
  • kiln furniture 9 are stacked one on top of the other.
  • the stacks are each arranged in rows on the kiln car 6 in the transport direction. Three of these rows are arranged next to one another transversely to the transport direction in such a way that a vertical gap 26 remains between the kiln furniture 9 in each case between adjacent rows of the kiln furniture 9 stacked on top of one another.
  • Powdered cathode material is arranged in each of the kiln furniture 9 .
  • the tunnel furnace 1 On the first, in figure 3 left end of the furnace chamber 2, the tunnel furnace 1 has an inlet lock 29 and on the second, in figure 3 Right end of the furnace chamber 2 an outlet lock 30 for gas-tight sealing of the furnace chamber 2 according to the prior art.
  • the inlet sluice 29 and the outlet sluice 30 allow kiln cars 6 to be moved in and out of the kiln space 2, with the kiln space 2 being able to be sealed gas-tight at the same time.
  • the tunnel kiln 1 has a length of about 150 m in the transport direction.
  • the tunnel kiln 1 shown in the figures is operated as follows: The kiln cars 6 are pushed into the furnace chamber 2 through the inlet lock 29, then moved continuously in the direction of transport along the longitudinal axis L through the furnace chamber 2 and, after the furnace journey, are removed again from the furnace chamber 2 through the outlet lock 30 located at the second end of the furnace chamber 2.
  • the gas in the furnace chamber 2 is discharged from the furnace chamber 2 via the gas outlets 10 .
  • This discharge of gas from the furnace chamber 2 via the gas outlets 10 is supported by the fan 12 driven by the motor 11, which, after discharge from the gas outlets 10, first blows the furnace gases into the free space 13 (indicated by the arrows P3), on to the ceramic Heating elements 21 and along them, further through the openings 28 and finally through the gas inlets 17, 18, 19 back into the furnace chamber 2 promotes.
  • the furnace gas is heated as it slides past the ceramic heating elements 21, so that the correspondingly heated gas is then fed back into the furnace chamber 2 via the gas inlets 17, 18, 19, indicated by the arrows P1.
  • the heated gas is introduced via the lower gas inlets 17 into the gas distribution chamber 20 and via the gas inlets 18, 19 arranged above it in the direction of the respective outer rows of stacked kiln furniture 9, which are respectively adjacent to the side walls 4, 5.
  • the introduced gas is distributed in the gas distribution space 20 and then flows through the gaps formed between the kiln furniture 9 26 vertically upwards (indicated by the arrows P2) to the area of the furnace roof 3, where it again leaves the furnace chamber 2 via the gas outlets 10.
  • the gas introduced into the furnace chamber 2 via the gas inlets 18, 19 flows vertically upwards between the outer stacks of the kiln furniture 9 and the side walls 4, 5 to the area of the furnace roof 3, where it also leaves the furnace chamber 2 via the gas outlets 10. Accordingly, gas is continuously circulated in the circuit.
  • the combustion gases in the furnace space 2 can flow essentially vertically upwards. A flow of the combustible gases in the horizontal direction and, in particular, also in the transport direction can be practically completely avoided.
  • Fuel gas can be withdrawn from the free space 13 via the exhaust gas lines 31, discharged from the furnace 1 by opening the valves 33 and supplied to an exhaust gas treatment.
  • Fresh gas can also be supplied to the fuel gas.
  • fresh gas for example air or oxygen, can be introduced into the circuit of the combustion gases in the area of the openings 28 by opening the valves 34 via the fresh gas lines 32 .
  • the tunnel kiln 1 is operated with an oxidizing kiln atmosphere, the oxygen concentration in the kiln chamber 2 being over 95% by volume.
  • the furnace chamber is heated via the ceramic heating elements 21 in such a way that the temperature in the furnace chamber 2 is approximately 1,100°C.
  • the powdery cathode material located in the kiln furniture 9 can be synthesized.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Four tunnel, destiné au traitement thermique de produits, comprenant les caractéristiques suivantes :
    1.1 un espace de four (2) en forme de tunnel, qui s'étend d'une première extrémité vers une deuxième extrémité de l'espace de four (2), l'espace de four (2) étant délimité sur sa face supérieure par une voûte de four (3) et latéralement par des parois de four (4, 5) ;
    1.2 des chariots de four (6), qui sont déplaçables de la première extrémité vers la deuxième extrémité, le long d'une direction de transport à travers l'espace de four (2) et sur lesquels, des produits devant subir un traitement thermique dans l'espace de four (2) sont transportables ;
    1.3 des accessoires de cuisson (9), destinés à recevoir les produits, les accessoires de cuisson (9) étant placés sur les chariots de four (6) ;
    1.4 des sorties de gaz (10), par l'intermédiaire desquelles un gaz se trouvant dans l'espace de four (2) est évacuable hors de l'espace de four (2) ;
    1.5 des entrées de gaz (17, 18, 19), par l'intermédiaire desquelles le gaz est susceptible d'être introduit dans l'espace de four (2) ; et
    1.6 des moyens (21), destinés à chauffer l'espace de four (2) ;
    1.7 par l'intermédiaire des sorties de gaz (10), du gaz se trouvant dans la zone de la voûte de four (3) étant évacuable hors de l'espace de four (3) ;
    1.8 par l'intermédiaire des entrées de gaz (17, 18, 19), du gaz étant susceptible d'être introduit dans l'espace de four (4, 5), dans la zone des parois de four (4, 5) ;
    1.9 les accessoires de cuisson (9) étant placés sur les chariots de four (6), en créant au moins une fente (26) verticale entre les accessoires de cuisson (9) ;
    1.10 les moyens (21) destinés à chauffer l'espace de four (2) étant des éléments de chauffage électrique ;
    1.11 du gaz susceptible d'être introduit à travers les entrées de gaz (17, 18, 19) dans l'espace de four (2) étant susceptible d'être chauffé par les éléments de chauffage, avant son introduction dans l'espace de four (2) ; et
    1.12 sur lequel, par l'intermédiaire des entrées de gaz (17, 18, 19), du gaz est susceptible d'être introduit à différentes hauteurs dans l'espace de four (2).
  2. Four tunnel selon la revendication 1, sur lequel, par l'intermédiaire des entrées de gaz (17, 18, 19), du gaz est susceptible d'être introduit dans l'espace de four (2), en-dessous des accessoires de cuisson (9).
  3. Four tunnel selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, sur lequel les entrées de gaz (17, 18, 19) et les sorties de gaz (10) sont placées de telle sorte, que du gaz soit susceptible d'être guidé à travers l'espace de four (2), en créant un flux gazeux dirigé vers le haut.
  4. Four tunnel selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, sur lequel les entrées de gaz (17, 18, 19) et les sorties de gaz (10) sont placées de telle sorte, que du gaz soit susceptible d'être guidé à travers l'espace de four (2) en évitant un flux gazeux dirigé à l'horizontale.
  5. Four tunnel selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, sur lequel les entrées de gaz (17, 18, 19) et les sorties de gaz (10) sont placées de telle sorte, que du gaz soit susceptible d'être guidé à travers l'espace de four (2) en évitant un flux gazeux selon le principe à contre-courant.
  6. Four tunnel selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, sur lequel les entrées de gaz (17, 18, 19) et les sorties de gaz (10) sont placées de telle sorte, que du gaz soit susceptible d'être guidé à travers l'espace de four (2) en évitant un flux gazeux dans la direction de transport.
  7. Four tunnel selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, sur lequel en-dessous des accessoires de cuisson (9) est conçu un espace distributeur de gaz (20).
  8. Four tunnel selon la revendication 8, sur lequel, par l'intermédiaire des entrées de gaz (17, 18, 19), du gaz est susceptible d'être introduit dans l'espace distributeur de gaz (20).
  9. Four tunnel selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, sur lequel au moins l'une des au moins une fente (26) s'écoule entre les accessoires de cuisson (9) dans la direction de transport.
  10. Four tunnel selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, doté d'accessoires de cuisson (9) sous la forme d'accessoires de cuisson empilables.
  11. Four tunnel selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, qui est étanchéifie au gaz.
  12. Procédé opérationnel d'un four tunnel, comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à :
    12.1 mettre à disposition un four tunnel (1) selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes ;
    12.2 déplacer les chariots de four (6) à travers l'espace de four (2), le long de la direction de transport ;
    12.3 évacuer du gaz se trouvant dans l'espace de four (2) par l'intermédiaires des sorties de gaz (10) ;
    12.4 introduire du gaz dans l'espace de four (2) par l'intermédiaire des entrées de gaz (17, 18, 19) ; et
    12.5 chauffer l'espace de four (2) par l'intermédiaire des moyens (21) destinés à chauffer l'espace de four (2).
  13. Utilisation d'un four tunnel selon au moins l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, pour le traitement thermique de produits sous forme pulvérulente.
EP20199362.3A 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 Four à tunnel destiné au traitement thermique des produits, procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel four à tunnel et utilisation d'un tel four à tunnel Active EP3978854B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HUE20199362A HUE060601T2 (hu) 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 Alagút kemence termékeknek a hõkezelésére, eljárás egy ilyen alagút kemencének a mûködtetésére, valamint egy ilyen alagút kemencének az alkalmazása
ES20199362T ES2929591T3 (es) 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 Horno de túnel para el tratamiento térmico de productos, procedimiento para hacer funcionar un horno de túnel de este tipo y uso de un horno de túnel de este tipo
EP20199362.3A EP3978854B1 (fr) 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 Four à tunnel destiné au traitement thermique des produits, procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel four à tunnel et utilisation d'un tel four à tunnel
PT201993623T PT3978854T (pt) 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 Forno de túnel para o tratamento térmico de produtos, um método para operar um tal forno de túnel assim como a utilização de um tal forno de túnel
PL20199362.3T PL3978854T3 (pl) 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 Piec tunelowy do obróbki cieplnej produktów, sposób działania takiego pieca tunelowego oraz zastosowanie takiego pieca tunelowego
SI202030123T SI3978854T1 (sl) 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 Tunelska peč za toplotno obdelavo izdelkov, postopek za delovanje take tunelske peči in pa uporaba take tunelske peči
DK20199362.3T DK3978854T3 (da) 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 Tunnelovn til varmebehandling af produkter, en fremgangsmåde til drift af en sådan tunnelovn og anvendelsen af en sådan tunnelovn

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20199362.3A EP3978854B1 (fr) 2020-09-30 2020-09-30 Four à tunnel destiné au traitement thermique des produits, procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel four à tunnel et utilisation d'un tel four à tunnel

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EP3978854A1 EP3978854A1 (fr) 2022-04-06
EP3978854B1 true EP3978854B1 (fr) 2022-10-05

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EP (1) EP3978854B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3978854T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2929591T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUE060601T2 (fr)
PL (1) PL3978854T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT3978854T (fr)
SI (1) SI3978854T1 (fr)

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CN118532931A (zh) * 2023-02-21 2024-08-23 里德哈默有限责任公司 隧道式炉、用于运行隧道式炉的方法和隧道式炉的使用

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB886524A (en) * 1958-08-06 1962-01-10 Aton Planungs & Baugesellschaft Fuer Die Keramische Industrie Mbh Improvements relating to tunnel kilns
JP4400158B2 (ja) * 2003-09-24 2010-01-20 旭硝子株式会社 板状体の加熱方法
WO2007111045A1 (fr) * 2006-03-27 2007-10-04 Hirata Corporation Unite et systeme de traitement a temperature controlee
WO2008063538A2 (fr) * 2006-11-21 2008-05-29 Corning Incorporated Procédé et appareil d'enlèvement thermique d'un liant d'un corps vert cellulaire thermique
US20100127418A1 (en) * 2008-11-25 2010-05-27 Ronald Alan Davidson Methods For Continuous Firing Of Shaped Bodies And Roller Hearth Furnaces Therefor

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PL3978854T3 (pl) 2023-01-02
DK3978854T3 (da) 2022-11-07
ES2929591T3 (es) 2022-11-30
PT3978854T (pt) 2022-11-08
HUE060601T2 (hu) 2023-03-28
SI3978854T1 (sl) 2023-01-31
EP3978854A1 (fr) 2022-04-06

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