EP3969638B1 - Method for coating parts - Google Patents

Method for coating parts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3969638B1
EP3969638B1 EP20729958.7A EP20729958A EP3969638B1 EP 3969638 B1 EP3969638 B1 EP 3969638B1 EP 20729958 A EP20729958 A EP 20729958A EP 3969638 B1 EP3969638 B1 EP 3969638B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
planetary
rotation
axis
basket
coating method
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3969638A1 (en
EP3969638C0 (en
Inventor
Fabian SIMONSEN
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Ejot SE and Co KG
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Ejot SE and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C3/00—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C3/02—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material the work being immersed in the liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C3/04—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material the work being immersed in the liquid or other fluent material with special provision for agitating the work or the liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C3/08—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material the work being immersed in the liquid or other fluent material with special provision for agitating the work or the liquid or other fluent material the work and the liquid or other fluent material being agitated together in a container, e.g. tumbled
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/18—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by dipping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C3/00—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C3/02—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material the work being immersed in the liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C3/09—Apparatus in which the work is brought into contact with a bulk quantity of liquid or other fluent material the work being immersed in the liquid or other fluent material for treating separate articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/002—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials the substrate being rotated
    • B05D1/005—Spin coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2258/00—Small objects (e.g. screws)

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for coating parts in a dip-spin method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the DE 299 11 753 U1 relates to a machine for surface treatment and/or surface coating of small parts, the machine having a motor axis of rotation, to which a basket can be driven in rotation about its basket axis at a distance.
  • the drive is via a planetary gear. Due to the superimposed rotary movement, the parts held in the basket are exposed to changing radial accelerations, which results in coating liquid being thrown off and favorable shifting behavior as a result.
  • the parts to be coated are immersed in a coating liquid for coating, with the parts to be coated then being spun in at least two planetary cage arrangements, in a first and a second planetary cage arrangement, each of which provides a maximum absorption volume.
  • the filling of the capacity with parts takes place only up to a maximum of 50% of the maximum capacity of the planetary cage arrangement.
  • the coated parts are spun in the planetary cage assembly in a planetary centrifuge, the planetary centrifuge according to the invention having a main rotor rotating about a main rotor axis of rotation, and the at least two planetary cage assemblies rotate about their planetary axis of rotation, the planetary axes of rotation on the main rotor being spaced apart from the main rotor axis of rotation.
  • the rotations about the main rotor axis of rotation and the planetary axis of rotation are not necessarily generated by a planetary gear. Rather, a separate drive can be provided for each planetary cage arrangement, which is different from the drive of the main rotor.
  • the planetary axes of rotation are preferably parallel to one another and parallel to the main rotor axis.
  • the first planetary cage assembly is rotated about its respective planetary axis of rotation in the opposite direction to the second planetary cage assembly.
  • the opposite rotation of the two planetary cage assemblies means that the torque, which is increased due to the load distribution of the partially loaded planetary cage assemblies for the rotation about the respective planetary axes of rotation, but the restoring moment acting about the main rotor axis of rotation can be reduced by the opposite rotation of the planetary cage assemblies.
  • a centrifuge which provides a plurality of planetary cage arrangements arranged in pairs, with the two planetary cage arrangements being rotated in opposite directions to one another.
  • the axes of rotation of the planetary cage arrangement of a pair preferably lie on a line and are symmetrical to the axis of rotation of the main rotor.
  • a planetary cage arrangement can include a planetary cage, in particular a cylindrical planetary cage, in which the parts are accommodated, with the planetary axis of rotation being identical to the planetary cage axis.
  • the planetary cage arrangements can be designed in such a way that a plurality of planetary cages which are arranged circumferentially around their respective planetary axes of rotation and in which the parts are accommodated rotate.
  • the planetary axis of rotation lies in particular between the individual planetary baskets.
  • the individual planetary baskets can preferably be mechanically connected to one another.
  • the planetary baskets can be rigidly connected to one another.
  • the planetary baskets have a circular cross-section and their walls rest against one another, with the planetary axis of rotation lying in the center of the area that results from the connection of the adjacent centers of the planetary baskets.
  • the number of planetary baskets is preferably odd. Three planetary baskets are preferably provided.
  • the planetary baskets are preferably cylindrical and of the same size.
  • the planetary baskets are in particular filled with the same mass of bulk material, so that a continuous reduction in the counter-torque acting counter to the direction of rotation of the planetary axis of rotation is produced.
  • the coating agent is preferably a liquid zinc flake coating, but can also be an aluminum flake coating, for example.
  • the planetary basket arrangement has a radius of a circle enveloping the planetary baskets, the radius of which is less than the distance between the planetary axis of rotation and the main rotor axis.
  • the distance preferably corresponds approximately to this radius.
  • the speed for the main rotor is preferably up to 450 rpm.
  • the speed for the planetary cage arrangement is preferably between 0.5 rpm and 5 rpm.
  • the distance between the planetary axes of rotation and the main rotor axis is preferably between 0.2 m and 1 m.
  • FIG. 1 shows a planetary centrifuge 10 with a main axis of rotation D, about which the main rotor 14 rotates in a first direction of rotation D1.
  • a first planetary gear assembly 18a and her symmetrically to the main axis of rotation D opposite a second planetary gear assembly 18b is provided, with the planetary gear assemblies 18a, 18b each around their Rotate planetary axes of rotation P1 and P2.
  • the planetary cage arrangements 18a, 18b each comprise a cylindrical planetary cage 19a, 19b which is arranged coaxially to the planetary axis of rotation P1, P2.
  • the direction of rotation of the main rotor 14 runs counterclockwise, whereas the direction of rotation of the first planetary cage arrangement 18a is oriented clockwise, and the direction of rotation of the second planetary cage arrangement 18b is counterclockwise.
  • the speed of the main rotor is 300 rpm and the speed of the planetary cage arrangement 18a, 18b is approximately 1 rpm.
  • the reverse rotation of the planetary cage arrangements reduces the restoring moment M1, which acts against the direction of rotation of the main rotor 14 about the main rotor axis of rotation, with an unbalance moment on the main axis of rotation D resulting.
  • the unbalance moment is significantly lower in comparison to the torque acting around the main axis of rotation when the planetary cage arrangements rotate in the same direction.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further schematic view of a planetary centrifuge as used in the coating process according to the invention.
  • the arrangement described has two planetary cage assemblies 20a, 20b, each with three planetary cages 16a, 16b, 16c, 22a, 22b, 22c, which are rotated about the planetary axis of rotation P1, P2 of the planetary cage assembly 20a, 20b.
  • all planetary cages 16a, 16b, 16c, 22a, 22b, 22c are filled with the same or approximately the same amount of coated parts.
  • the forces F1, F2, F3 result in a snapshot during the centrifugation, for example for the planetary basket arrangement 20a, due to the parts distributed in the planetary baskets 16a, 16b, 16c.
  • the forces F2, F3 create a moment against the direction of rotation, whereas F1 creates a moment in the direction of rotation.
  • the planetary cage arrangements rotate about their respective planetary axes of rotation P1, P2 by more than 360°, which leads to a thorough mixing and a change in the position of the parts to be coated.
  • the walls of the planetary baskets 16a, 16b, 16c, 22a, 22b, 22c are designed in such a way that the coating liquid can be discharged from the planetary baskets during centrifugation.
  • they are designed as mesh baskets.
  • the planetary cage arrangements 20a, 20b each comprising three planetary cages 16a, 16b, 16c, 22a, 22b, 22c, are rotated in opposite directions of rotation according to the invention. This reduces the restoring torque acting about the main axis of rotation due to the counter-rotating rotation and the restoring torque acting about the planetary axes of rotation and the imbalance torque due to the plurality of planetary baskets.
  • the coating liquid can be reliably thrown off the smallest scooping structures.
  • this has the advantage that excess coating in the drive does not counteract the ideal accommodation of the drive bit.
  • the throughput of the parts to be processed in a coating process can be increased.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Pens And Brushes (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Teilen in einem Tauch-Schleuderverfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for coating parts in a dip-spin method according to the preamble of claim 1.

Die DE 299 11 753 U1 betrifft eine Maschine zum Oberflächenbehandeln und / oder Oberflächenbeschichten von Kleinteilen, wobei die Maschine eine Motordrehachse aufweist, zu der beabstandet ein Korb um seine Korbachse drehend antreibbar ist. Der Antrieb erfolgt über ein Planetengetriebe. Durch die überlagerte Drehbewegung sind die im Korb aufgenommenen Teile wechselnden Radialbeschleunigungen ausgesetzt, was das Abschleudern von Beschichtungsflüssigkeit und günstiges Umschichtungsverhalten zur Folge hat.The DE 299 11 753 U1 relates to a machine for surface treatment and/or surface coating of small parts, the machine having a motor axis of rotation, to which a basket can be driven in rotation about its basket axis at a distance. The drive is via a planetary gear. Due to the superimposed rotary movement, the parts held in the basket are exposed to changing radial accelerations, which results in coating liquid being thrown off and favorable shifting behavior as a result.

Für das Abschleudern von Beschichtungsflüssigkeit ist es insbesondere von kleinen Teilen oder schöpfenden Strukturen ist es von Vorteil, die Körbe, die die Teile Aufnahmen nur teilweise zu befüllen, so dass eine gute Durchmischung erreicht werden kann. In diesem Fall ist die bekannte Anordnung jedoch nur für geringe Teilemengen, bzw. zum Betrieb mit einer verhältnismäßig geringen Schleudermasse betreibbar, da bei intensiver Beladung ein hohes Drehmoment entsteht, so dass eine Drehung des Korbes um seine Korbachse nicht mehr möglich ist und ferner große Unwucht entsteht.In order to sling off coating liquid, it is advantageous, particularly for small parts or scooping structures, to only partially fill the baskets that hold the parts, so that thorough mixing can be achieved. In this case, however, the known arrangement can only be used for small quantities of parts or for operation with a relatively low centrifugal mass, since intensive loading produces a high torque, so that the basket can no longer rotate about its basket axis and there is also a large imbalance arises.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Oberflächenbeschichtung von Teilen anzugeben, das eine effektivere Beladung ermöglicht.It is the object of the invention to specify a method for surface coating parts that enables more effective loading.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The object is solved by the features of claim 1.

Die Unteransprüche bilden vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The dependent claims form advantageous developments of the invention.

Erfindungsgemäß werden zur Beschichtung die zu beschichtenden Teile in eine Beschichtungsflüssigkeit getaucht, wobei die zu beschichtenden Teile anschließend wenigstens zwei Planetenkorbanordnungen, in einer ersten und eine zweiten Planetenkorbanordnung, die jeweils ein maximales Aufnahmevolumen bereitstellen, geschleudert werden. Die Befüllung des Aufnahmevolumens mit Teilen erfolgt nur bis zu höchstens 50% des maximalen Aufnahmevolumens der Planetenkorbanordnung.According to the invention, the parts to be coated are immersed in a coating liquid for coating, with the parts to be coated then being spun in at least two planetary cage arrangements, in a first and a second planetary cage arrangement, each of which provides a maximum absorption volume. The filling of the capacity with parts takes place only up to a maximum of 50% of the maximum capacity of the planetary cage arrangement.

Die beschichteten Teile werden in der Planetenkorbanordnung in einer Planetenzentrifuge geschleudert, wobei die Planetenzentrifuge gemäß der Erfindung einen um eine Hauptrotordrehachse drehenden Hauptrotor aufweist, und sich die wenigstens zwei Planetenkorbanordnungen um ihre Planetendrehachse drehen, wobei die Planetendrehachsen am Hauptrotor beabstandet zur Hauptrotordrehachse angeordnet sind. In der erfindungsgemäßen Planetenzentrifuge werden die Drehungen um die Hauptrotordrehachse und die Planetendrehachse nicht zwingend durch ein Planetengetriebe erzeugt. Vielmehr kann für den jede Planetenkorbanordnung ein eigener Antrieb vorgesehen sein, der unterschiedliche zum Antrieb des Hauptrotors ist.The coated parts are spun in the planetary cage assembly in a planetary centrifuge, the planetary centrifuge according to the invention having a main rotor rotating about a main rotor axis of rotation, and the at least two planetary cage assemblies rotate about their planetary axis of rotation, the planetary axes of rotation on the main rotor being spaced apart from the main rotor axis of rotation. In the planetary centrifuge according to the invention, the rotations about the main rotor axis of rotation and the planetary axis of rotation are not necessarily generated by a planetary gear. Rather, a separate drive can be provided for each planetary cage arrangement, which is different from the drive of the main rotor.

Die Planetendrehachsen liegen bevorzugt parallel zueinander und parallel zur Hauptrotorachse. Die erste Planetenkorbanordnung wird während des Schleudervorgangs gegenläufig zur zweiten Planetenkorbanordnung um ihre jeweilige Planetendrehachse gedreht.The planetary axes of rotation are preferably parallel to one another and parallel to the main rotor axis. During the centrifugal process, the first planetary cage assembly is rotated about its respective planetary axis of rotation in the opposite direction to the second planetary cage assembly.

Die gegenläufige Drehung der zwei Planetenkorbanordnungen führt dazu, dass das Drehmoment, das aufgrund der Lastverteilung der teilbeladenen Planetenkorbanordnungen für die Drehung um die jeweiligen Planetendrehachsen erhöht ist, aber durch die gegenläufige Drehung der Planetenkorbanordnungen das um die Hauptrotordrehachse wirkende Rückstellmoment reduziert werden kann.The opposite rotation of the two planetary cage assemblies means that the torque, which is increased due to the load distribution of the partially loaded planetary cage assemblies for the rotation about the respective planetary axes of rotation, but the restoring moment acting about the main rotor axis of rotation can be reduced by the opposite rotation of the planetary cage assemblies.

Überraschend ergibt sich nämlich, dass sich zwar bei diesem Verfahren ein Unwuchtmoment auf der Hauptdrehachse ergibt, aber die Gesamtsumme aus Rückstellmoment und Unwuchtmoment gegenüber einer gleichgerichteten Drehung bei einer Teilbeladung der Planetenkorbanordnung reduziert ist.It is surprising that although this method results in an unbalance moment on the main axis of rotation, the total sum of restoring torque and unbalance moment is reduced compared to a unidirectional rotation when the planetary cage arrangement is partially loaded.

Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird eine Zentrifuge verwendet, die eine Mehrzahl von paarweise angeordneten Planetenkorbanordnungen vorsieht, wobei die beiden Planetenkorbanordnungen gegenläufig zueinander gedreht werden. Bevorzugt liegen die Drehachsen der Planetenkorbanordnung eines Paares auf einer Linie und symmetrisch zur Hauptrotordrehachse.According to an advantageous development of the invention, a centrifuge is used which provides a plurality of planetary cage arrangements arranged in pairs, with the two planetary cage arrangements being rotated in opposite directions to one another. The axes of rotation of the planetary cage arrangement of a pair preferably lie on a line and are symmetrical to the axis of rotation of the main rotor.

Dadurch kann eine einfache Geschwindigkeitssteuerung und eine hohe Reproduzierbarkeit erreicht werden. Auch eine Gleichbehandlung der Teile bezogen auf die jeweiligen Planetenkorbanordnungen kann gewährleistet werden.As a result, simple speed control and high reproducibility can be achieved. Equal treatment of the parts in relation to the respective planetary cage arrangements can also be guaranteed.

Eine Planetenkorbanordnung kann einen, insbesondere zylindrischen Planetenkorb umfassen, in welchen die Teile aufgenommen sind, wobei die Planetendrehachse identisch mit der Planetenkorbachse ist.A planetary cage arrangement can include a planetary cage, in particular a cylindrical planetary cage, in which the parts are accommodated, with the planetary axis of rotation being identical to the planetary cage axis.

Alternativ dazu können die Planetenkorbanordnungen derart ausgestaltet sein, dass sich um ihre jeweiligen Planetendrehachsen eine Mehrzahl von um diese umlaufend angeordneten Planetenkörben drehen, in welchen die Teile aufgenommen sind. Die Planetendrehachse liegt dabei insbesondere zwischen den einzelnen Planetenkörben.As an alternative to this, the planetary cage arrangements can be designed in such a way that a plurality of planetary cages which are arranged circumferentially around their respective planetary axes of rotation and in which the parts are accommodated rotate. The planetary axis of rotation lies in particular between the individual planetary baskets.

Die einzelnen Planetenkörbe können bevorzugt miteinander mechanisch verbunden sein. Die Planetenkörbe können untereinander starr verbunden sein.The individual planetary baskets can preferably be mechanically connected to one another. The planetary baskets can be rigidly connected to one another.

Weiter bevorzugt weisen die Planetenkörbe einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt auf und liegen mit ihren Wandungen aneinander, wobei die Planetendrehachse im Mittelpunkt der Fläche liegt, die sich durch die Verbindung der benachbarten Mittelpunkte der Planetenkörbe ergibt.More preferably, the planetary baskets have a circular cross-section and their walls rest against one another, with the planetary axis of rotation lying in the center of the area that results from the connection of the adjacent centers of the planetary baskets.

Dadurch wird das um die Planetendrehachse entgegen der Drehrichtung der Planetenkorbanordnung wirkende Drehmoment - Rückstellmoment - reduziert, wodurch sowohl das Unwuchtmoment auf der Hauptrotorachse reduziert wird, als auch die insgesamt im System wirkenden Rückstellmomente.As a result, the torque acting around the planetary axis of rotation counter to the direction of rotation of the planetary cage arrangement - restoring torque - is reduced, whereby both the imbalance torque on the main rotor axis is reduced and the restoring torques acting overall in the system.

Durch einen derartigen Betrieb einer Planetenzentrifuge in einem Beschichtungsverfahren kann eine Erhöhung der Gesamtladung erfolgen, und dennoch kann das Gesamtdrehmoment in einem anlagentechnisch sinnvoll beherrschbaren Rahmen bleiben.Such an operation of a planetary centrifuge in a coating process can result in an increase in the total charge, and the total torque can nevertheless remain within a reasonable controllable range in terms of system technology.

Die Anzahl der Planetenkörbe ist bevorzugt ungerade. Bevorzugt sind drei Planetenkörbe vorgesehen. Die Planetenkörbe sind bevorzugt zylindrisch ausgebildet und gleich groß.The number of planetary baskets is preferably odd. Three planetary baskets are preferably provided. The planetary baskets are preferably cylindrical and of the same size.

Die Planetenkörbe werden insbesondere mit einer gleichen Masse an Schüttgut befüllt, so dass eine kontinuierliche Verminderung des entgegen der Drehrichtung der Planetendrehachse wirkenden Gegendrehmoments hergestellt wird.The planetary baskets are in particular filled with the same mass of bulk material, so that a continuous reduction in the counter-torque acting counter to the direction of rotation of the planetary axis of rotation is produced.

Das Beschichtungsmittel ist bevorzugt ein flüssiger Zinklamellenüberzug, kann aber auch beispielsweise ein Aluminiumlamellenüberzug sein.The coating agent is preferably a liquid zinc flake coating, but can also be an aluminum flake coating, for example.

Die Planetenkorbanordnung weist einen Radius eines die Planetenkörbe umhüllenden Kreises auf, dessen Radius geringer ist als der Abstand der Planetendrehachse von der Hauptrotorachse. Bevorzugt entspricht der Abstand in etwa diesem Radius.The planetary basket arrangement has a radius of a circle enveloping the planetary baskets, the radius of which is less than the distance between the planetary axis of rotation and the main rotor axis. The distance preferably corresponds approximately to this radius.

Die Drehzahl für den Hauptrotor beträgt bevorzugt von bis zu 450 U/min. Die Drehzahl für die Planetenkorbanordnung beträgt bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 U/min und 5 U/min.The speed for the main rotor is preferably up to 450 rpm. The speed for the planetary cage arrangement is preferably between 0.5 rpm and 5 rpm.

Dadurch kann eine Durchmischung, insbesondere eine Lageänderung der kleinen Elemente während des Zentrifugierens gewährleistet werden.This ensures thorough mixing, in particular a change in the position of the small elements during centrifugation.

Der Abstand der Planetendrehachsen von der Hauptrotorachse beträgt bevorzugt zwischen 0,2 m und 1 m.The distance between the planetary axes of rotation and the main rotor axis is preferably between 0.2 m and 1 m.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung in Verbindung mit den in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen.Further advantages, features and application possibilities of the present invention result from the following description in connection with the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings.

In der Beschreibung, in den Ansprüchen und in der Zeichnung werden die in der unten aufgeführten Liste der Bezugszeichen verwendeten Begriffe und zugeordneten Bezugszeichen verwendet. In der Zeichnung bedeutet:

  • Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine erste Ausführung einer Planetenzentrifuge in ihrer erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung, und
  • Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht auf eine zweite Ausführung einer Planetenzentrifuge in ihrer erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung.
In the description, in the claims and in the drawing, the terms used in the list of reference numbers given below and associated reference numbers are used. In the drawing means:
  • 1 a plan view of a first embodiment of a planetary centrifuge in its use according to the invention, and
  • 2 a plan view of a second embodiment of a planetary centrifuge in its use according to the invention.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Planetenzentrifuge 10 mit einer Hauptdrehachse D, um die sich der Hauptrotor 14 in einer ersten Drehrichtung D1 dreht. Exzentrisch am Hauptrotor 14 ist eine erste Planetenkorbanordnung 18a und ihr symmetrisch zur Hauptdrehachse D gegenüberliegend eine zweite Planetenkorbanordnung 18b vorgesehen, wobei sich die Planetenkorbanordnungen 18a, 18b jeweils um ihre Planetendrehachsen P1 und P2 drehen. Die Planetenkorbanordnungen 18a, 18b umfassen je einen zylindrischen Planetenkorb 19a, 19b, der koaxial zur Planetendrehachse P1, P2 angeordnet ist. 1 shows a planetary centrifuge 10 with a main axis of rotation D, about which the main rotor 14 rotates in a first direction of rotation D1. Eccentrically on the main rotor 14, a first planetary gear assembly 18a and her symmetrically to the main axis of rotation D opposite a second planetary gear assembly 18b is provided, with the planetary gear assemblies 18a, 18b each around their Rotate planetary axes of rotation P1 and P2. The planetary cage arrangements 18a, 18b each comprise a cylindrical planetary cage 19a, 19b which is arranged coaxially to the planetary axis of rotation P1, P2.

Die Drehrichtung des Hauptrotors 14 läuft im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn, wohingegen die Drehrichtung der ersten Planetenkorbanordnung 18a im Uhrzeigersinn orientiert ist, die Drehrichtung der zweiten Planetenkorbanordnung 18b gegen den Uhrzeigersinn.In the present exemplary embodiment, the direction of rotation of the main rotor 14 runs counterclockwise, whereas the direction of rotation of the first planetary cage arrangement 18a is oriented clockwise, and the direction of rotation of the second planetary cage arrangement 18b is counterclockwise.

Die Drehzahl des Hauptrotors liegt im vorliegenden Fall bei 300 U/min und die Drehzahl der Planetenkorbanordnung 18a,18b bei etwa 1 U/min.In the present case, the speed of the main rotor is 300 rpm and the speed of the planetary cage arrangement 18a, 18b is approximately 1 rpm.

Durch die gegenläufige Drehung der Planetenkorbanordnungen wird das Rückstellmoment M1 das entgegen der Drehrichtung des Hauptrotors 14 um die Hauptrotordrehachse wirkt, reduziert, wobei sich ein Unwuchtmoment auf der Hauptdrehachse D ergibt. Das Unwuchtmoment ist im Vergleich zu dem, bei gleichläufiger Drehung der Planetenkorbanordnungen um die Hauptdrehachse wirkenden Drehmoment deutlich geringer.The reverse rotation of the planetary cage arrangements reduces the restoring moment M1, which acts against the direction of rotation of the main rotor 14 about the main rotor axis of rotation, with an unbalance moment on the main axis of rotation D resulting. The unbalance moment is significantly lower in comparison to the torque acting around the main axis of rotation when the planetary cage arrangements rotate in the same direction.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine weitere schematische Ansicht einer Planetenzentrifuge, wie sie im erfindungsgemäßen Beschichtungsverfahren eingesetzt wird. Sie weist zusätzlich zu der in Fig.1 beschriebenen Anordnung zwei Planetenkorbanordnung 20a, 20b auf, die jeweils mit drei Planetenkörben16a, 16b, 16c, 22a, 22b, 22c auf, die um die Planetendrehachse P1, P2 der Planetenkorbanordnung 20a, 20b gedreht werden. 2 shows a further schematic view of a planetary centrifuge as used in the coating process according to the invention. In addition to the in Fig.1 The arrangement described has two planetary cage assemblies 20a, 20b, each with three planetary cages 16a, 16b, 16c, 22a, 22b, 22c, which are rotated about the planetary axis of rotation P1, P2 of the planetary cage assembly 20a, 20b.

Erfindungsgemäß werden alle Planetenkörbe 16a, 16b, 16c, 22a, 22b, 22c mit der gleichen oder der annähernd gleichen Menge an beschichteten Teilen befüllt.According to the invention, all planetary cages 16a, 16b, 16c, 22a, 22b, 22c are filled with the same or approximately the same amount of coated parts.

Dadurch ergeben sich in einer Momentaufnahme während der Zentrifugation exemplarisch für die Planetenkorbanordnung 20a die Kräfte F1, F2, F3 aufgrund der in der in den Planetenkörben 16a, 16b, 16c verteilten Teile. Die Kräfte F2, F3 erzeugen ein Moment entgegen der Drehrichtung, wohingegen F1 ein Moment in Drehrichtung erzeugt. Dies reduziert erheblich die Belastung des Antriebsmotors für die Drehung der Planetenkorbanordnung 20a, 20b um die Planetendrehachse, was eine Drehung der Planetenkorbanordnung um 360° ermöglicht. Gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren führen die Planetenkorbanordnungen eine Drehung um ihre jeweiligen Planetendrehachsen P1, P2 um mehr als 360° aus, was zu einer Durchmischung und Lageänderung der zu beschichtenden Teile führt.As a result, the forces F1, F2, F3 result in a snapshot during the centrifugation, for example for the planetary basket arrangement 20a, due to the parts distributed in the planetary baskets 16a, 16b, 16c. The forces F2, F3 create a moment against the direction of rotation, whereas F1 creates a moment in the direction of rotation. This significantly reduces the load on the drive motor for rotating the planetary gear assembly 20a, 20b about the planetary axis of rotation, allowing the planetary gear assembly to rotate 360°. According to the method according to the invention, the planetary cage arrangements rotate about their respective planetary axes of rotation P1, P2 by more than 360°, which leads to a thorough mixing and a change in the position of the parts to be coated.

Die Planetenkörbe 16a, 16b, 16 c, 22a, 22b, 22c sind in ihrer Wandung so beschaffen, dass die Beschichtungsflüssigkeit während der Zentrifugation aus den Planetenkörben abgeführt werden kann. Insbesondere sind sie als Gitterkörbe ausgeführt.The walls of the planetary baskets 16a, 16b, 16c, 22a, 22b, 22c are designed in such a way that the coating liquid can be discharged from the planetary baskets during centrifugation. In particular, they are designed as mesh baskets.

Die jeweils drei Planetenkörbe 16a, 16b, 16 c, 22a, 22b, 22c umfassenden Planetenkorbanordnungen 20a, 20b werden erfindungsgemäß in gegenläufige Drehrichtungen gedreht. Dies reduziert durch die gegenläufige Drehung das um die Hauptdrehachse wirkende Rückstellmoment und durch die Mehrzahl an Planetenkörben das um die Planetendrehachsen wirkende Rückstellmoment als auch das Unwuchtmoment.The planetary cage arrangements 20a, 20b, each comprising three planetary cages 16a, 16b, 16c, 22a, 22b, 22c, are rotated in opposite directions of rotation according to the invention. This reduces the restoring torque acting about the main axis of rotation due to the counter-rotating rotation and the restoring torque acting about the planetary axes of rotation and the imbalance torque due to the plurality of planetary baskets.

Insgesamt führt diese Verwendung zu einem auch bei effektiven Teilemengen zu maschinentechnisch umsetzbaren Momentverhältnissen während des Schleudervorgangs.All in all, this use leads to torque conditions during the centrifugal process that can be implemented mechanically, even with effective quantities of parts.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann die Beschichtungsflüssigkeit zuverlässig aus kleinsten schöpfenden Strukturen abgeschleudert werden. Dies hat insbesondere bei kleinen Schraubenantrieben den Vorteil, dass eine überschüssige Beschichtung im Antrieb der idealen Aufnahme des Antriebs-Bits nicht entgegenwirkt.With the method according to the invention, the coating liquid can be reliably thrown off the smallest scooping structures. In the case of small screw drives in particular, this has the advantage that excess coating in the drive does not counteract the ideal accommodation of the drive bit.

Dadurch kann der Durchsatz der in einem Beschichtungsvorgang zu bearbeitenden Teile erhöht werden.As a result, the throughput of the parts to be processed in a coating process can be increased.

Claims (9)

  1. Coating method for coating parts in an immersion centrifugal process, wherein the parts to be coated are immersed in a coating liquid, wherein the parts to be coated are subsequently centrifuged in at least two planetary basket arrangements (18a, 18b, 20a, 20b), namely at least into a first and in a second planetary basket arrangement (18a, 18b, 20a, 20b), which each provide a maximum receiving volume, in a planetary centrifuge (10), wherein the planetary centrifuge (10) comprises a main rotor (14) rotating about a main rotor axis of rotation (D), wherein the at least two planetary basket arrangements (18a, 18b, 20a, 20b) rotate about their planetary axes of rotation (P1, P2), and further wherein the planetary axes of rotation (P1, P2) are arranged on the main rotor (14) spaced from the main rotor axis of rotation (D), wherein the first planetary basket arrangement (18a, 20a) is rotated about its respective planetary axis of rotation in the opposite direction to the second planetary basket arrangement (18b, 20b) during the centrifuging process, wherein the filling of the receiving volume is carried out only up to at most 50% of the maximum receiving volume of the planetary basket arrangement.
  2. Coating method according to claim 1, characterised in that a planetary centrifuge (10) is used whose planetary axes of rotation (P1, P2) of the planetary basket arrangements (18a, 18b, 20a, 20b) are parallel and symmetrical to the main rotor axis of rotation (D).
  3. Coating method according to claim 1 to 2, characterised in that a planetary centrifuge (10) is used comprising a planetary basket arrangement (20a, 20b) with a plurality of planetary baskets (16a, 16b, 16c; 22a, 22b, 22c) rotatably arranged about the planetary axes of rotation (P1, P2) of the planetary basket arrangement (20a, 20b), wherein the planetary basket arrangement (20a, 20b) is rotated during the centrifuging process.
  4. Coating method according to claim 3, characterised in that a planetary basket arrangement (20a, 20b) having an odd number of planetary baskets (16a, 16b, 16c; 22a, 22b, 22c) is used.
  5. Coating method according to any one of claims 3 or 4, characterised in that a planetary centrifuge (10) is used which uses a plurality of pairs of planetary basket arrangements (18a, 18b, 20a, 20b), wherein the two planetary basket arrangements (18a, 18b, 20a, 20b) of a pair are rotated in opposite directions.
  6. Coating method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the parts to be coated in the planetary baskets (16a, 16b, 16c; 22a, 22b, 22c) are immersed into the coating liquid.
  7. Coating method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the speed of rotation about the main axis of rotation (D) is less than 450 rpm.
  8. Coating method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the speed of rotation about the planetary axis of rotation (P1, P2) is between 0.5 rpm and 5 rpm.
  9. Coating method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the planetary basket arrangement (18a, 18b, 20a, 20b) is rotated by more than 360° about its planetary axis of rotation (P1, P2) during the centrifuging process.
EP20729958.7A 2019-05-17 2020-05-15 Method for coating parts Active EP3969638B1 (en)

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DE102018111331A1 (en) * 2018-05-11 2019-11-14 Ejot Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for coating parts in a dip-spin process
DE102021207669B4 (en) 2021-07-19 2023-05-04 Forplan AG Coating method, coating device and coating system with such a coating device and drive train

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US20220072583A1 (en) 2022-03-10
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US11969749B2 (en) 2024-04-30
WO2020234194A1 (en) 2020-11-26
KR102615090B1 (en) 2023-12-15
EP3969638A1 (en) 2022-03-23
TW202042920A (en) 2020-12-01
CN114207186A (en) 2022-03-18
DE102019113189A1 (en) 2020-11-19
EP3969638C0 (en) 2023-06-07

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