Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
  • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
  • H04W28/0268—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control using specific QoS parameters for wireless networks, e.g. QoS class identifier [QCI] or guaranteed bit rate [GBR]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
  • H04L67/01—Protocols
  • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
  • H04L67/01—Protocols
  • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
  • H04L67/125—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks involving control of end-device applications over a network
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
  • H04L67/50—Network services
  • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
  • H04L67/61—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources taking into account QoS or priority requirements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
  • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
  • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
  • H04W48/18—Selecting a network or a communication service
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W76/00—Connection management
  • H04W76/10—Connection setup
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
  • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
  • H04W40/12—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on transmission quality or channel quality
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W84/00—Network topologies
  • H04W84/005—Moving wireless networks

Definitions

• the invention relates generally to wireless communication systems and in particular to a device and a method for managing V2X communication between a vehicle and one or more receiving devices.
• V2X radio access technologies including communication technologies 'between Vehicles' (V2V or "Vehicle To Vehicle” in English), between 'Vehicles and infrastructures' ( V2I), and between 'Vehicles and Pedestrians' (V2P).
• V2X radio access technologies including communication technologies 'between Vehicles' (V2V or "Vehicle To Vehicle” in English), between 'Vehicles and infrastructures' ( V2I), and between 'Vehicles and Pedestrians' (V2P).
• V2X radio access technologies including communication technologies 'between Vehicles' (V2V or "Vehicle To Vehicle” in English), between 'Vehicles and infrastructures' ( V2I), and between 'Vehicles and Pedestrians' (V2P).
• Such messages are generally used to determine an action to be taken in a real time situation such as for example an alert action if a risk of collision is detected or an urgent stop
• Automotive applications can send their V2X messages (V2V, V2I and V2P) by various means.
• the sending of V2X messages can for example be carried out by means of V2V 'direct' communications based, for example, on 802.11 p standards, on PC5 radio technology or even on a 5G link.
• V2V 'direct' communications are still referred to as short range or ad hoc technologies.
• V2X messages can be carried out by means of 'indirect' communications (V2N2V) using 4G or 5G connectivity (via the air interface, also called Uu interface, for LTE and 5G networks).
• V2N2V indirect communications an offboard server in the network ("Offboard" in English) hosts a service which processes data and makes it available to the user.
• the connectivity performance required is generally different depending on the user situation, for example in terms of latency, reliability, and / or throughput. In other situations, service availability can also play an important role.
• there is no solution making it possible to dynamically determine the most suitable radio access technology to apply according to the target performances.
• the invention improves the situation. To this end, it offers a mobile vehicle equipment comprising a V2X communication management device, connected to a cellular communication network.
• the communication management device comprises a Radio Access Technology selection unit configured to determine at least one Radio Access Technology (RAT) available to use for the transmission of a data packet, associated with an application. V2X performed by the mobile vehicle equipment, to at least one receiving device.
• the selection unit is configured to select at least one available Radio Access Technology from a set of Radio Access Technologies, based on target Quality of Service information comprising a tuple of radio access indicators. performance indicators, the tuple of performance indicators comprising at least one performance indicator and being determined from a set of performance indicators chosen as a function of the V2X application.
• the performance indicators of the set of performance indicators can be chosen from a group comprising at least one latency parameter, a reliability parameter, an availability parameter, a data rate parameter and an information age parameter.
• the communication management device may include a connection unit configured to establish an initial connection with an application server providing the V2X service associated with the V2X application, via a cellular network, the connection unit being configured to send a subscription request to the V2X application to the application server, the subscription request identifying the V2X service and comprising Quality of Service information desired by the mobile vehicle equipment, the Quality of Service information comprising the target Quality of Service .
• the mobile vehicular equipment can be configured to receive an opening notification of an information transport medium between the application server and the mobile vehicular equipment, if an estimated Quality of Service over a future period of time satisfies one or more conditions relating to Quality of Service information.
• the Quality of Service information may further include an acceptable degraded Quality of Service value range.
• the subscription request can also include a description of the Region of Interest associated with the V2X application, the description being a relative description with respect to the position of the vehicle equipment or an absolute description defined in an absolute frame of reference.
• the absolute description can be represented in the absolute frame of reference from vectors and / or polygons and / or tiles.
• the subscription request may further include types of information and attributes, each attribute being associated with a given type of information.
• the communication management device can include a V2X service availability estimation unit, the service availability estimation unit being able to estimate the availability of a V2X service from QoS Quality of Service prediction information.
• the mobile vehicular equipment can further include an availability determination unit configured to calculate an availability vector of RATs, from the comparison between the target Quality of Service and a predicted Quality of Service over a future time window, the vector availability comprising a set of components having a binary value, each component being associated with a RAT usable for the transmission of the data packet from the mobile vehicle equipment, the binary value indicating the availability or the unavailability of the RAT.
• an availability determination unit configured to calculate an availability vector of RATs, from the comparison between the target Quality of Service and a predicted Quality of Service over a future time window, the vector availability comprising a set of components having a binary value, each component being associated with a RAT usable for the transmission of the data packet from the mobile vehicle equipment, the binary value indicating the availability or the unavailability of the RAT.
• the mobile vehicular equipment may further include a RAT selector configured to select at least one RAT from among the RATs of the RAT availability vector based on a set of transmission criteria.
• a RAT selector configured to select at least one RAT from among the RATs of the RAT availability vector based on a set of transmission criteria.
• the transmission criteria may include a criterion relating to a redundancy parameter and / or a V2X service cost parameter and / or a message priority parameter and / or a message parameter.
• V2X service may include a criterion relating to a redundancy parameter and / or a V2X service cost parameter and / or a message priority parameter and / or a message parameter.
• a V2X communication system comprising at least one vehicle device according to one of the preceding characteristics, a cellular communication network and an application server delivering the V2X service associated with the V2X application, the system comprising a prediction function capable of predicting the Quality of Service from the target Quality of Service information.
• a method of transmitting a data packet associated with a V2X application of a mobile vehicle equipment executing the V2X application to at least one receiving device is also proposed, the mobile vehicle equipment being connected to a cellular communication network.
• the method comprises a selection step consisting in selecting at least one Radio Access Technology available to be used for the transmission of the data packet, from a set of Radio Access Technologies, as a function of information from Target Quality of Service comprising a n-tuple of performance indicators, said n-tuple of performance indicators comprising at least one performance indicator and being determined from a set of performance indicators chosen as a function of the V2X application .
• the embodiments of the invention thus make it possible to control and predict the quality of a radio access technology so as to anticipate changes and adapt the on-board behavior.
• the embodiments of the invention also make it possible to control the availability of radio access technologies from the Quality of Service, and to select the optimal radio access technologies to be applied for the transmission of a V2X message.
• FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an operational environment in which the communication management system can be implemented, according to embodiments of the invention
• FIG. 2 is a diagram representing the communication management system according to certain embodiments.
• FIG. 3 is a diagram representing the connection management unit according to one embodiment
• FIG. 4 is a flowchart representing a method of managing communication between a motor vehicle and a receiving device, according to certain embodiments
• FIG. 5 is a flowchart representing the subscription method according to one embodiment
• FIG. 6 is a diagram representing the Quality of Service control unit, according to one embodiment
• FIG. 7 is a flowchart representing the method of processing a subscription request, according to one embodiment
• FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the method of mapping a category of data packet to be sent, according to one embodiment.
• FIG. 9 is a flowchart representing the method of selecting RATs for transmission, according to one embodiment.
• FIG. 1 represents an example of V2X 100 communication infrastructure, according to embodiments of the invention.
• the embodiments of the invention provide a device and a method for managing V2X communication between a mobile vehicle equipment 2 (also called hereinafter 'vehicle' or 'sender vehicle') and at least one receiver device 3, capable of dynamically determining one or more RAT radio access technologies available to be used for the transmission of data from the mobile vehicle equipment 2 to the receiver device (s) 3, as a function of at least one target performance indicator.
• a mobile vehicle equipment 2 also called hereinafter 'vehicle' or 'sender vehicle'
• receiver device 3 capable of dynamically determining one or more RAT radio access technologies available to be used for the transmission of data from the mobile vehicle equipment 2 to the receiver device (s) 3, as a function of at least one target performance indicator.
• the environment 100 forms an intelligent transport architecture (ITS) configured to manage the safety and efficiency of road traffic using V2X wireless communications between a vehicle 2 and a connected receiver device 3.
• ITS intelligent transport architecture
• Each vehicle 2 can be equipped with a communication device 20 configured to allow communication relating to one or more V2X applications:
• V2X communication can be used in applications for optimizing road efficiency, managing road traffic, reducing victims and improving road safety, of autonomous vehicles.
• the vehicle can be equipped with wireless communication means (in transmission and reception) suitable for communication with the cellular network 1 and for communication based on RATs with the receiving devices 3 located nearby.
• the receiver devices 3 also implement one or more corresponding V2X applications and a device communication 30 capable of communicating with the communication device 20 of the vehicle 2.
• the vehicle 2 can also be equipped with a set of sensors configured to measure environmental parameters and / or at least one camera configured to record image sequences of the environment of the vehicle. Data from sensors and / or cameras can be used by communication device 20.
• V2X communication can be used for the use of intelligent services by 2 vehicles by sharing the information
• a V2X communication uses a transmitting or receiving vehicle equipment such as the vehicle 2, implementing a V2X application via a data transport conforming to 3GPP.
• the V2X communication can be V2V, V2I or V2N communication.
• V2V communication communication takes place between two vehicles 2 and 3 which use a V2V application.
• a vehicle 2 and a road infrastructure 3 also called the Roadside Unit or RSU
• RSU Roadside Unit
• a road infrastructure 3 supports a V2I service configured to send and / or receive data to / from the vehicle 2 using the V2I application.
• a road infrastructure 3 can be implemented in a base station or stationary vehicle equipment.
• V2N communication is between a vehicle 2 and a V2X application server (such as server 7).
• the communication device comprises a communication management device 200 configured to dynamically determine the available radio access technology (s) likely to be used for the transmission of a V2X data packet. to the detected receiver devices 3, as a function of a set of target performance indicators comprising at least one performance indicator.
• Radio Access Technology refers to the underlying physical connection method for a radio communication network, such as for example and without limitation:
• a RAT here designates any current or future generation Radio Access Technology.
• the execution of the V2X application by the vehicle 2 can use a cellular communication network 1 comprising at least a base station 4, a cellular network core 5 and an application server (AS) 6 is used.
• the communication network allows the vehicle 2 to access the V2X service corresponding to the V2X application and to communicate V2X messages (in the form of V2X data packets) with the receiver devices 3.
• a receiving device 3 designates any device provided with means of
• the base stations 4 can be equipped with V2X communication functions to support V2X communication.
• the application server 6 can be any type of server off the network (“cloud” server or distributed server for example) implementing data processing functions configured to send the information that the vehicle needs.
• the cellular communication network may for example be an LTE network, the base stations 4 being eNB nodes of the LTE network.
• the receiver device 3 can receive data directly from the sending vehicle 2 or from the application server 6 via the base station (s) 4 and the heart of the device. network 5.
• the vehicle 2 can use the V2X application server to relay, multi-broadcast or broadcast road traffic information or safety information or road application information to 3 receiver devices located in a proximity zone and running an application V2X corresponding.
• vehicle 2 can broadcast a V2V message simultaneously (for example in parallel) to several other vehicles 3 located nearby or a V2I message to a single road infrastructure 3 or broadcast a V2P message to all pedestrian devices equipped with a mobile device 3 located nearby.
• the vehicle 2 can transmit a V2X subscription request to the application server 6 through at least one base station 4, when the vehicle is in the coverage area of the or base stations 4, the request comprising application layer information such as location information or service attributes.
• the base station 4 serving the vehicle 2 transmits the subscription request to the core network 5.
• the core network 5 can be configured to read this request, register a mobile vehicle equipment 2 in response to a V2X subscription request, locate the 'mobile vehicle equipment 2, authenticate the mobile vehicle equipment 2, and / or manage the Quality of Service of the connection between the vehicle 2 and the application server 6 as a function of the type of subscription.
• the vehicle 2 can negotiate with the core network 5 the Quality of Service of the connection between the vehicle 2 and the application server 6 as a function of the type of subscription, independently of the subscription process itself.
• the V2X service hosted in the application server 6 can negotiate with the core network 5 the Quality of Service of the connection between the vehicle 2 and the application server 6 according to the type of subscription, independently of the process. subscription.
• the core network 5 can establish, during the registration of the vehicle with the core of cellular network, connectivity with a default Quality of Service, each level of Quality of Service having been provisioned (allocated) by the operator according to the vehicle's subscription to it.
• the vehicle 2 can reach the network core 5 using one or more access technologies such as access technology conforming to the 3GPP specification, such as for example E-UTRAN (in LTE and LTE-Advanced), or UTRAN , or not compliant with 3GPP such as WiMAX, or WLAN.
• access technology conforming to the 3GPP specification such as for example E-UTRAN (in LTE and LTE-Advanced), or UTRAN , or not compliant with 3GPP such as WiMAX, or WLAN.
• the cellular communication network 1 serves to relay and provide data between the vehicle 2 and the external application server 6 which provides the V2X service.
• the subscription request may include information relating to the target Quality of Service desired by the vehicle 2.
• the Quality of Service is made up of a tuple of performance indicators, depending on the V2X application executed.
• the performance indicators (denoted KPIs) of the tuple can comprise one or more indicators among:
• one or more parameters relating to latency such as maximum latency or average latency
• one or more reliability parameters such as the maximum or average message loss rate
• Maximum latency refers to the maximum transfer time of V2X data from vehicle 2 (sending vehicle) to application server 6 or from application server 6 to receiving device 3.
• the average latency designates the average transfer time of V2X data from the vehicle 2 (sending vehicle) to the application server 6 or from the application server 6 to the receiving device 3.
• the maximum message loss rate denotes the maximum percentage of V2X packets lost between vehicle 2 (sender vehicle) and application server 6 or between application server 6 and receiver device 3.
• Maximum throughput refers to the throughput negotiated between vehicle 2 (sending vehicle) and application server 6 for the latency and rate of loss of targeted messages.
• the embodiments of the invention also make it possible to dynamically determine the RATs available for use in V2X communication between a vehicle 2 and a receiver device 3 which guarantee optimal performance indicators KPIs with respect to the target performances defined as a function of the V2X application executed by vehicle 2 (eg V2X emergency braking message, V2X traffic jam message, remote driving, etc.).
• the V2X communication management device 200 can dynamically determine the available RATs and select those which make it possible to reduce the network load.
• FIG. 2 is a diagram representing the communication management device 200 on board the vehicle 2, according to certain embodiments.
• the V2X communication management device 200 may include a connection management unit 2001 configured for establishing a connection with the application server 6 via the base station or stations 4 which serve the vehicle and the core network 5, according to a registration and subscription process.
• the connection management unit 2001 makes it possible to establish communication with the application server 6 which is off-loaded on the network, to register the vehicle equipment 2 and / or to subscribe to the V2X service.
• the subscription allows vehicle 2 to indicate its needs to the offloaded application server 6.
• connection management unit 2001 is configured to send the application server 6 a request
• the registration request may include:
• the Region of Interest can be detected by the vehicle during execution the V2X application using one or more sensors and / or signaling means fitted to the vehicle;
• the Region of Interest can be represented by a set of ROI parameters (Region of Interest parameters) characterizing the Region of Interest;
• V2X service attributes indicating the type of information that the vehicle 2 needs
• KPIncible defined by a tuple comprising n target values defined for n KPIjtarget Performance Indicators (n being an integer at least equal to 1) associated with the V2X application executed by the vehicle such as reliability, latency, etc.
• the V2X communication management device 200 further comprises a selection unit for available Radio Access Technologies (RATs) 2000 (also called an “availability unit”) configured to determine a list of available RATs to be used for the transmission of data. a V2X message relating to a V2X application executed by vehicle 2 to receiving devices 3.
• the V2X communication management device 200 can further include a QoS 2002 control module configured to analyze the current value of each of the n performance indicators, during the execution of the V2X application, for each of the P RAT technologies.
• the control module 2002 can include one or more storage structures (not shown) for storing the current value of each of the n performance indicators, for example in the form of a matrix P * n (P times n).
• the 2002 n Performance Indicators control module can store predicted values of the n performance indicators, each predicted value being associated with a future time window corresponding to the period of validity of the predicted value.
• KPI value prediction can be done by a prediction function implemented in
• the environment 100 for example in the cellular network 1 (for example, in the core network 5) or in the vehicle 2 or in the application server 6.
• the rest of the description will be given with reference to predicted values of KPI, as an illustrative example.
• the RATs selection unit can be activated by vehicle 2 when a V2X message is to be sent to receiver devices 3, for example in response to the detection of conditions for sending V2X messages (depending on detected events) by vehicle 2.
• the unit for determining available RATs 2000 can then determine the set of RATs available among the RATs of the tuple from the predicted values of each of the n performance indicators maintained by the control module 2002, and from a time estimate T_j associated with the current value of each performance indicator.
• the unit of determination of available RATs 2000 is further configured to determine an availability bit representing the availability of the RAT as a function of the result of the comparison, using a time estimator configured to estimate for the considered RAT an availability time T_k representing the time during which the k-th RAT is estimated to be available or not available.
• the time estimator can be configured to estimate only the availability time of a RAT, if it is determined by the comparator that the RAT is available.
• the comparator and the time estimator are shown in the available RATs determination unit 2000, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the comparator and the time estimator can be arranged in other elements of the monitoring device. communication management 20, outside the selection unit 200.
• the selection unit 200 can be configured to compare the QoS vectors j (with j ⁇ P) with the targeted QoS values, by message class ( target QoS for V2X messages of the 'Decentralized Event' type and target QoS for V2X MCM or 'Switch Collaboration Message' type messages), instead of comparing them to the QoS values targeted by application.
• message class target QoS for V2X messages of the 'Decentralized Event' type and target QoS for V2X MCM or 'Switch Collaboration Message' type messages
• the unit for determining available RATs 2000 can be configured to calculate a vector of available RATs V comprising P components, each component being associated with one RAT among the P RATs, each k-th component corresponding to the availability bit determined for the k -th RAT and may have a first value (for example 1) indicating the availability of the RAT or a second value (for example 0) indicating the non-availability of the RAT.
• a first value for example 1
• a second value for example 0
• the vector V i can be specific to each application “i” or to each class of messages “i”.
• the vector V can be semi-static. As used here a 'semi-static' vector designates a vector which changes little in the over time, that is, as long as no change in performance indicators is detected or reported.
• the selection unit 200 can further comprise a selector 2004 configured to select an RAT of the vector V, from selection criteria comprising at least one criterion from among a redundancy criterion, a V2X service cost criterion, a criterion of message priority, and / or a service criterion.
• the selector 2004 thus provides an availability sub-vector V 'thus comprises a subset of the components of the availability vector V, each component of the vector V' being associated with a RAT and having the value associated with it in the vector of availability V, the other components of the availability vector V having been deleted.
• the unit for determining available RATs 2000, and the control module 2002 form a control plane making it possible to establish V2X communication.
• the communication management module 200 may further comprise a transmission manager 2005 configured to select the RATs of the sub-vector V, 'associated with an availability bit having the first binary value (for example ⁇ ') which indicates the availability of the Corresponding RAT and adds information relating to the available RATs selected to the payload of the data packet to be transmitted to the receiver devices 3, for example at the header of the data packet (data plan of
• the communication management device 200 can be used for dynamic routing of the V2X data by matching the data packet to be sent to the receiver devices 3 with the available RATs selected taking into account the radio conditions.
• the communication management device 200 can be used for semi-static data routing by matching the data packet to be sent from the vehicle 2 to the receiver devices 3 with the available RATs selected in function of message traffic classes taking into account information such as priority information, and content.
• 'traffic classes' also called 'packet classes'
• the traffic classes correspond to network classifications representing Quality of Service needs in the network.
• the embodiments of the invention allow the selection and deselection of a long-range communication link Uu according to the message to be sent.
• the Uu interface represents the interface between the vehicle equipment 2 and a base station 4 (air interface for long-range connectivity). It should be noted that although the description is made with reference to the Uu interface of the LTE network, the invention is not limited to LTE connectivity and applies to other types of connectivity such as connectivity. 5G or future centralized communication links.
• An autonomous vehicle in fact uses a communication architecture for the execution of autonomous vehicle applications implemented in different systems (for example ADAS, GPS, etc.).
• the communication management device according to the invention makes it possible to dynamically adapt communication with the network according to the different system needs of the autonomous vehicle.
• the communication management device 200 may further comprise a V2X 2006 service availability estimation unit configured to estimate the availability of a V2X service from predicted Quality of Service information or from Quality of Service values negotiated with the application server 6, the Quality of Service (QoS) being defined as a subset of quality indicators.
• Vehicle 2 can then activate or deactivate V2X services corresponding to V2X applications on board the vehicle 2 as a function of the vehicle's service availability information.
• the embodiments of the invention allow the emitting vehicle 2 to obtain an estimate (prediction) of the Quality of Service and of the
• the communication management device can assign priorities to V2X services based on the received estimates.
• the control of the Quality of Service is carried out by the control module 2002 on board the vehicle 2 and not in the application server 6 which is offloaded in the network.
• the KPIs to estimate the availability of the cellular RAT can use the QoS notifications of the connections created, when the vehicle connects to the offloaded service, or an overestimation (prediction) of the Quality of Service and the future availability of the cellular RAT. (in a future time window such as in the following minutes or seconds),
• FIG. 3 represents an example of implementation of the communication management device 20, according to one embodiment.
• connection management unit 2001 can comprise:
• a registration and subscription module 21 configured to establish the connection between the vehicle 2 and the application server 6, independently of the location of the application server 6, and
• a geographic service discovery module representing a web service having geographic components which can be hosted by the application server 6.
• the geoservice discovery module 22 can be configured to exchange authentication information (identifiers) with a geoserver (which can be integrated into the application server 6) associated with the geoservice, for example example using an http message, to obtain the list of services supported by the geoserver.
• a geoserver which can be integrated into the application server 6 associated with the geoservice, for example example using an http message, to obtain the list of services supported by the geoserver.
• the list of services supported by the geoserver can be exchanged by means of a service management function embedded in the network.
• Fig. 4 is a flowchart showing the method of communication management, according to some embodiments.
• step 400 a V2X subscription request is sent by the vehicle 2 to the application server 6 via the base station 4 and the core network 5.
• step 404 if the subscription is successful (step 402), a connection is established between the vehicle 2 and the application server 6.
• step 406 a tuple of target performance indicators KPIs is received by the vehicle 2.
• step 408 the value of the performance indicator tuple is checked for each RAT among a set of predefined RATs.
• step 412 if a V2X message sending trigger condition is detected (410), the RATs available among the RATs monitored in step 408 are selected from the current value of the flag tuple. performance.
• the selected available RATs can be returned as an availability vector. Available RATs RATs
• selected are those that are associated with optimal KPIs performance indicators compared to the target performance defined for the V2X application.
• At least one RAT is selected from among the available RATs of the availability vector as a function of one or more selection criteria (or metrics) such as redundancy, V2X service cost, V2X message priority. , etc.
• step 416 the RATs selected in step 414 are put into
• step 418 the V2X message is sent to the receiving devices 3 capable of receiving the V2X message sent by the vehicle 2.
• Fig. 5 is a flowchart showing the registration and subscription process (step 400 of Fig. 4), according to one embodiment.
• the registration and subscription process can be implemented by the block 21 of the connection unit 2001.
• step 500 a registration request is sent to the V2X communication service corresponding to the V2X application which may include record attributes.
• the attributes of records included in the record request can include, for example:
• the communication protocol supported by the communication management device 200 for the subscription to the V2X service for example http, MQTT, etc.
• the data plane for example UDP / IP, TCP / IP, MQTT, etc. .
• a registration response is returned to the communication management device 200 which may include an identifier and a list of usable RATs.
• the communication device 20 can optionally connect to the offloaded service via an APN (acronym for 'Access Point Name' meaning Access Point Name ) dedicated or via a dedicated network slice.
• APN an APN (acronym for 'Access Point Name' meaning Access Point Name ) dedicated or via a dedicated network slice.
• step 506 the subscription is carried out on the new connectivity created (in the case of a dedicated APN or a dedicated network split).
• This step includes the assignment of a default QoS level by the core network 5 to the V2X pipe ('bearer') by default.
• a subscription message can then be sent via the cellular network to the application server 6 so that it performs the subscription.
• the subscription request may include the following subscription information:
• Region of Interest information representing the target area to be detected for the implementation of the V2X service corresponding to the V2X application executed by the vehicle 2.
• the Region of Interest information can include Region descriptors of interest; and or
• the types of information required by the vehicle eg object, event, card, etc.
• the types of information required by the vehicle eg object, event, card, etc.
• attributes one or more attributes being associated with a type of information that vehicle 2 needs (examples of attributes for the type of information 'object' can be 'truck' or 'car'; an example of 'attribute for the' event 'information type can be' weather 'or' accident '; an example attribute for the' map 'information type can be' rounding '); and or
• the target QoS target Quality of Service can be defined by an n- tuple comprising n target values defined for n KPI j target Performance Indicators:
• Target QoS ( target KPh, ..., target KPIj, ..., n target KPI).
• the subscription request can include the following attributes:
• each cause comprising a set of sub-causes, each cause being associated with a cause identifier, each sub-cause being associated with a sub-identifier.
• cause and a set of cause attributes designating information of interest to the vehicle 2.
• the set of causes may include:
• Sub_cause 1 .b attributes ⁇ 1 .b.1, 1 .b.2, 1 .b.3 ... ⁇
• Sub_cause 2.a attributes ⁇ 2.a.1, 2. a.2, 2. a.3 ... ⁇
• Sub_cause 2.b attributes ⁇ 2. b.2, 2. b.2, 2. b.3 ... ⁇
• An example of the type of message specified in the subscription request can be for example 'DENM'.
• Examples of causes can be Dangerous-ObstacleOnRoad, Slow Vehicle, Faulty Vehicle, PostAccident, Human Problem,
• cause attributes can include, but are not limited to:
• the application server offloaded on the network 6 can be configured to predict (ie estimate) the Quality of Service over a future period of time, the Quality of Service information specified in the subscription request. in addition to including a nominal QoS nominal Quality of Service and / or Quality of Service conditions.
• the Quality of Service conditions can be formulated in the form of a range of Quality of Service target values representing the range of acceptable QoS values for a degraded mode over a period of time (eg acceptable target QoS interval or lower threshold min QoS Quality of Service, representing the lower acceptable QoS value for degraded mode).
• the target target QoS Quality of Service can be represented by performance indicators, such as a QoS descriptor.
• the M performance indicators can include one or more performance indicators (KPIs) such as target latency, and / or target packet error rate.
• KPIs performance indicators
• QoS information specified in the subscription request can be represented by QoS descriptors, these QoS descriptors can include other information relating to QoS, such as:
• the ROI Region of Interest information indicated in the subscription request can be described in several ways in the subscription information.
• the region of interest ROI can be described in a relative manner with respect to the position of the vehicle 2 (quantified).
• the relative description of the region of interest can then be in the form of a set of tiles arranged around a square in which vehicle 2 is located.
• the information update rate may be limited and the update may contain only changes to its square or changes due to new relevant squares due for example to change of environment (eg change from an urban environment to a motorway environment).
• the region of interest may not exactly match the region of relevance of vehicle 2.
• the description of the region of interest can be based on a shape standardized with respect to a barycenter, such as for example an ellipse (defined by its major axis and its minor axis), a circle (defined by its center and its radius), a rectangle (defined by its length and width).
• the barycenter information can be updated regularly to inform the geoserver.
• Such a description of the region of interest is advantageously adapted to the proximity zone of the vehicle 2, the proximity zone being determined by the vehicle application based on a set of parameters such as speed, road characteristics, etc.
• a barycenter update rate may be required, the update rate may be high with limited information to exchange.
• an absolute description of the region of interest can be used.
• the absolute description is defined in an absolute frame of reference.
• the absolute description can be represented from vectors and / or polygons and / or tiles, which makes it possible to obtain a description adapted to the proximity zone of the vehicle 2.
• the subscription can be made using a notification method.
• the server According to this notification method, the server
• offloaded application 6 can either periodically send information that matches the required subscription conditions or can be configured to detect a change in the information that matches the required subscription conditions since the last notification.
• connection unit 2001 (after step 510 of FIG. 5) can output a list of the ports of the registered V2X services, where a port can be mapped (mapped) to a single service. V2X or a plurality of V2X services.
• the same level of Quality of Service QoS can be applied to the different links created during the subscription.
• the QoS 2002 control module is responsible for controlling the QoSs of all communication links in order to determine the available RATs.
• the 2002 Quality of Service control module can include:
• a first control component 222 configured to control the QoS for cellular connectivity on the Uu interface (cellular network 1) and for the V2X services provided by the application server 6.
• the first control component 222 can control the QoS for connectivity with the Uu interface from functions that may be available on the cellular network 1 (4G or 5G for example).
• the first control component 222 can use data determined by media allocation, notification and QoS prediction functions implemented by cellular network 1. In one embodiment of the invention, at least some of these functions can be implemented in the offloaded application server 6. Alternatively, at least some of these functions can be controlled by the communication management device 2.
• the application server 6 can
• the application server 6 can use the Quality of Service prediction performed by the prediction function (implemented for example by the core network 5) to obtain prediction information relating to the levels of Possible Quality of Service in the specified Region of Interest for the specified V2X services.
• Figure 7 shows the method of QoS prediction and QoS allocation, according to some embodiments.
• the method of QoS prediction and QoS allocation may be implemented by one or more cellular network elements.
• the list of a priori predicted (or estimated over a future period of time) Quality of Service levels is determined, at step 702, for at least one of the Quality of Service information specified in the subscription request (for example target QoS, nominal QoS, etc.).
• the prediction step can be carried out by the network core 5 for example.
• the step of predicting may first determine a prediction for the target Quality of Service.
• a dedicated connection (“bearer") is requested for the target QoS specified in the subscription request (for example by the application server 6 or the geoservice), if the default connection does not satisfy the Target QoS (the predicted QoS equals the target QoS).
• the term “bearer” refers to a medium or 'pipe' which serves to carry information associated with a V2X service (condition tested in step 704).
• the medium can be a new dedicated radio medium (eg in an LTE cellular network) or a traffic flow (in a 5G cellular network).
• the medium can be opened using an application programming interface API (acronym for "Application Programming Interface”) such as GARI MEC (acronym for "Mobile Edge Computing” literally meaning “Mobile edge computing”).
• step 708 the creation of the medium is notified to the communication management device 20, the notification including information relating to the QoS class identifier (QCI).
• the notification can be done for example by using secure notification messages such as NAS messages (acronym for "Non-Access stratum” meaning “Non-access layer”) and an AT command (AT is the abbreviation of "AThold ”) between the core network 5 and the mobile vehicle equipment 2.
• step 704 if the predicted or allocated QoS is different from the target QoS target Quality of Service, it can be further verified (for example by the geoservice) whether the predicted QoS level is within a range of values of Degraded QoS acceptable, if such a QoS range is specified in the subscription request (the range can be defined by an interval of QoS values or by a QoS threshold). If the QoS value range condition is satisfied (i.e. the predicted QoS is within the specified QoS value range), a request can be sent (e.g.
• degraded refers to a predicted QoS which does not satisfy the Target QoS but is within the acceptable QoS value range specified in the subscription request.
• a notification can be sent by one of the off-board components (application server 6) to the on-board communication management device 200 to notify unavailability of the service.
• the prediction function may not be implemented or used or usable by the system, for example if the application server 6 hosting the geoservice does not support a prediction function or if the core network cannot predict the Quality of Service of a particular V2X service in a given area.
• V2X services can be made unavailable in response to the detection of certain events (security attack for example), or over a given geographical area or a given period of time.
• the application server 6 may request from the core network 5 the creation of a dedicated connection and negotiate QoS parameters until a QoS satisfies the QoS conditions specified in the request. subscription (target QoS and optionally QoS value range) is found. The application server 6 will then consider that the negotiated QoS is valid until a change in QoS is notified by the cellular network.
• allocation and control of the Quality of Service can be directly implemented in the vehicle 2 (on-board side) by the communication management device 200 (at least in part by the QoS control module 2002).
• the communication management device 200 can then be configured to determine the availability or the unavailability of the cellular RAT for the V2X service considered from the QoS prediction information received from the prediction function, for example in the form of notification ( s).
• the communication management device 200 can be configured to request a dedicated connection opening with a Quality of Service identified by a QoS identifier (QCI in 4G or 5QI by example) if the default connection does not meet the QoS conditions specified in the subscription request (the QoS conditions specified in the subscription request, for example in the form of QoS descriptors can be stored in a local database ).
• QoS identifier QoS identifier
• the communication management device 200 can request QoS prediction information (in the form of notifications for example) in a given geographical area, for example depending on the route planned by the vehicle 2.
• the communication management device 200 can communicate with the prediction function by using signaling messages, for example of the NAS type.
• the on-board communication management device 200 can then communicate with the QoS prediction function hosted in the cellular network 1 and request QoS prediction information, in different ways.
• communication 200 can request the QoS prediction information at a given time, by providing information relating to the Region of Interest in the form for example of descriptors of the Region of Interest, and by receiving the prediction function in response. QoS predicted.
• the communication management device 200 may receive, periodically or in response to the detection of events, a predicted QoS.
• the management system may receive, periodically or in response to the detection of events, a predicted QoS. For this, the management system
• communication 200 can:
• the device for managing receives a notification in response to the detection of a predicted QoS lower than one of the thresholds of the set of thresholds; conversely, no notification is sent when the predicted QoS is greater than or equal to all thresholds.
• the device for managing receives a notification in response to the detection of a predicted QoS lower than one of the thresholds of the set of thresholds; conversely, no notification is sent when the predicted QoS is greater than or equal to all thresholds.
• the on-board communication 200 can use signaling messages via the user plane.
• the QoS information can be requested by the communication management device 200 from a service located in the application server 6 in which the geoserver is registered.
• the geoserver can then establish communication with the prediction function located in the cellular network (in the core network 5 for example) to obtain the QoS prediction information, as described in the first embodiment.
• the communication management device 200 can associate an availability indicator with the connectivity of the Uu interface for a given V2X service, the indicator being able to have a first value if the connectivity is available for a given V2X service or a second value to indicate the unavailability of the connectivity of the Uu interface for the V2X service considered if the predicted QoS does not meet the QoS conditions specified by the vehicle 2 (for example by means of the QoS descriptors in the subscription request).
• the communication management device 200 can request the cellular network to create a dedicated connection for the transport of relative information. to V2X service and negotiate reference QoS parameters satisfying the target QoS conditions specified in the subscription request. The communication management device 200 of the vehicle 2 will then consider the reference QoS to be valid until it is notified of a change by the cellular network.
• the prediction QoS is associated with an estimated time period representing the period of time during which the prediction was made (QoS validity time window predicted).
• the communication management device 200 may further include a notification unit configured to send information to one or more components of the communication management device 200 to notify the availability / unavailability of the cellular connection for the V2X service (connectivity Uu available / unavailable for V2X service).
• the QoS prediction information being provided in advance, this allows the communication management device 200 (or more generally the vehicle 2) to adapt in the event of unavailability of a V2X service.
• the selector of RATs 2004 can be configured to take account of packet transmission criteria according to a long-term transmission strategy, for the V2X service considered.
• Transmission criteria may include one or more of the following criteria:
• the availability information of the Uu interface for the V2X service which can be received from the service availability estimation unit, as well as the time window corresponding to this availability information (duration during which the connectivity link is available or unavailable as appropriate);
• a correspondence table can be used by the selector of RATs 2004, the correspondence table associating a given type of service with a set of parameters relating to the V2X service.
• the parameters relating to a given V2X service type may include one or more of the following parameters: the system requesting the service, the system providing the service, the message type, the packet category (or 'traffic class'), the 'set of RATs usable for the service, and port information comprising, for each usable RAT, the associated transmission port (s).
• table T1 An example of a correspondence table is given by table T1:
• the transmission manager 2005 can rely on the correspondence table.
• the transmission manager 2005 can be configured to analyze the content of the message to be transmitted or the system providing this data to determine through which RAT such data must pass.
• FIG. 8 is a flowchart representing the method implemented by the transmission manager 2005.
• step 800 packet category matching information is received, the matching information possibly including at least some of the following information:
• a semi-static correspondence table which associates RATS with categories of packets, this table being able to be used by the selector of RAT 2004 to filter the RATs of the availability vector V according to the long-term transmission strategy.
• a list of the transmission ports available for connection with cellular network 1 for example, Uu connection for an LTE network
• information relating to network slices connection to a virtual part of the network for a 5G cellular network
• connections and their port characteristics eg GBR, QCI / 5QI, or TFT.
• step 802 data can be received from the data provider corresponding to the packet to be sent from the vehicle 2 to the receiving devices 3 located nearby.
• Supplier data can be received in a format suitable for transmission of the data packet (standardized format for example).
• step 804 the semantic information included in the data packet can be analyzed.
• step 806 the contents of the data packet can be highlighted.
• step 808 from the filtered availability vector Vi which stores the availability information for a subset of the RATs and for the selected category, the RATs identified as available in the vector Vi are selected for the transmission of the data packet .
• step 810 the information relating to the selected RATs is added to the data packet which is to be transmitted to the receiving devices 3, for example in the header of the packet.
• the receiving devices 3 for example in the header of the packet.
• information added to the package may include:
• a binary data structure of available RATs such as a binary vector (bitmap) indicating, for each message, the list of RATs
• the binary data structure can include a number of components at least equal to the number of available RATs (i.e. number of RATs associated with a value 1 in the vector Vi for example, if the value 1 represents the availability of a RAT).
• the data structure of available RATs can for example include 4 components [no, hi, P2, n3], where no corresponds to RAT LTE (Uu), ni corresponds to RAT 5G (gU), n2 corresponds to RAT 802.11 p and n3 corresponds to RAT C-V2X (PC5).
• the data structure of available RATs may further include port information indicating the transmission ports through which the information is to be routed.
• Fig. 9 is a flowchart showing the method of selecting RATs, according to some embodiments.
• the method for selecting RATs can be implemented by the 2005 transmission manager for apply the selection of RATs identified in the RAT availability data structure dynamically, using routing rules for each packet to be transmitted.
• the RAT selection method can be implemented on the service layer ('facility layer' in English).
• the service layer can be independent of the RAT used and separate protocol stack layers which are RAT dependent can be used.
• the RATs selection method can be implemented under the geonetwork layer.
• the RATS selection method can include a preliminary step in which it is verified whether the data packet to be transmitted on one or more RATs satisfies predefined transmission rules.
• step 902 for each RAT (block 901) of the set of RATs indicated as available in the availability data structure (if
• the probability of deletion or interception of the data packet by a congestion control or flow control mechanism is then determined.
• the notion of 'data packet interception' refers to a process of discarding a data packet.
• deletion or interception allows you to assess the risk that the packet will not be transmitted.
• the tested RAT can be deleted in step 904 from candidate available RATs identified in the RAT availability data structure.
• step 902 for a RAT Uu indicated as available for transmission of the data packet, it can be checked whether the data packet is mapped to a GBR bearer (using the selection information received by the selection process). If such condition is true for RAT LTE, the GBR bearer rate can be calculated. If the GBR media rate is higher than the negotiated maximum rate, there is a risk that the packet will be dropped in a 4G or 5G network.
• the RAT Uu can then be deleted in step 904 from the candidate available RATs identified in the RAT availability data structure. When all the RATs have been processed in step 902 (block 906), the data packet can then be routed, in step 908, over the remaining available RATs (not deleted in step 904).
• the RATs selection method makes it possible to select the optimal RATs for each V2X message (data packet) to be transmitted so that the effective connectivity performance meets the required performance (represented by the target QoS specified by the vehicle 2 in the subscription request).
• the vehicle 2 can thus configure the geoservice so that the V2X information of the data packet is transmitted without the vehicle 2 having to communicate its position.
• the confidentiality of the private data of the user of the vehicle 2 can be preserved.
• the invention can be used for any V2X application involving transmission of a data packet from a vehicle 2 to at least one receiver device 3 (another vehicle, RSU, smart phone, etc.) located in a proximity area, whatever the environment of the vehicle.
• a receiver device 3 another vehicle, RSU, smart phone, etc.
• system or subsystems according to the embodiments of the invention can be implemented in various ways by hardware (“hardware”), software, or a combination of hardware and software, in particular in the form of program code which can be distributed in the form of a program product, in various forms.
• the program code may be distributed using computer readable media, which may include computer readable storage media and communication media.
• the methods described in the present description can in particular be implemented in the form of computer program instructions executable by one or more processors in a computer computing device. These instructions computer program can also be stored in a computer readable medium.
• the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above by way of nonlimiting example. It encompasses all the variant embodiments which may be envisaged by those skilled in the art. In particular, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention is not limited to the performance indicators mentioned in the description above, and can include other types of performance indicators.
• V2X Abbreviation for 'Vehicle to everything' (significant between vehicles).
• - V2V Abbreviation for 'Vehicle to Vehicle' (meaning 'vehicle to vehicle').
• V2N Abbreviation for 'Vehicle to Network' (meaning 'vehicle to network').
• V2N2V Abbreviation to indicate indirect V2V communication, via a network.
• - MNO Acronym for 'Mobile Network Operator' (meaning Mobile Network Operator).
• - MEC Acronym for 'Mobile Edge Computing' (meaning 'Computing on the mobile edge').
• - eNB / gNB Base Station for LTE and 5G respectively.
• - RAT Radio Access Technology.
• Radio access interface used when two users communicate directly without using the cellular network infrastructure (for V2V).
• QoS Quality of Service (QoS stands for 'Quality of Service').
• AT comes from ATTENTION
• Type of signal used to send specific commands (AT comes from ATTENTION)

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• 2019
  • 2019-04-30 FR FR1904546A patent/FR3095733B1/fr active Active
• 2020
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