EP3954641A1 - Verfahren zum testen von maschinenbremsen in einem aufzug - Google Patents

Verfahren zum testen von maschinenbremsen in einem aufzug Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3954641A1
EP3954641A1 EP20190818.3A EP20190818A EP3954641A1 EP 3954641 A1 EP3954641 A1 EP 3954641A1 EP 20190818 A EP20190818 A EP 20190818A EP 3954641 A1 EP3954641 A1 EP 3954641A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brake
car
machinery
electric motor
elevator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20190818.3A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Juha-Matti Aitamurto
Ari Kattainen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kone Corp
Original Assignee
Kone Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kone Corp filed Critical Kone Corp
Priority to EP20190818.3A priority Critical patent/EP3954641A1/de
Priority to CN202110912214.6A priority patent/CN114074870A/zh
Publication of EP3954641A1 publication Critical patent/EP3954641A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/0006—Monitoring devices or performance analysers
    • B66B5/0037—Performance analysers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/0006—Monitoring devices or performance analysers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for testing machinery brakes in an elevator.
  • An elevator may comprise a car, a shaft, hoisting machinery, hoisting ropes, and a counterweight.
  • a separate or an integrated car frame may surround the car.
  • the hoisting machinery may be positioned in the shaft.
  • the hoisting machinery may comprise an electric drive, a traction sheave, and a machinery brake.
  • the electric drive may comprise an electric motor and a drive unit controlling the electric motor.
  • the car frame may be connected by the hoisting ropes via the traction sheave to the counterweight.
  • the electric motor may rotate the traction sheave for moving the car upwards and downwards in the shaft.
  • the machinery brake may stop the rotation of the traction sheave and thereby the movement of the elevator car.
  • the car frame may be supported with guide means at guide rails extending in the vertical direction in the shaft.
  • the guide rails may be attached with fastening brackets to the side wall structures in the shaft.
  • the guide means keep the car in position in the horizontal plane when the car moves upwards and downwards in the shaft.
  • the counterweight may be supported in a corresponding way on guide rails that are attached to the wall structure of the shaft.
  • the car may transport people and/or goods between the landings in the building.
  • the shaft may be formed so that the wall structure is formed of solid walls or so that the wall structure is formed of an open steel structure.
  • the machinery brake may be formed of at least one electromechanical brake.
  • the machinery brake forms a safety device of the elevator.
  • the machinery brake applies braking force to the traction sheave or to a rotating axis of the hoisting machinery in order to stop the movement of the hoisting machinery and thereby also the movement of the elevator car.
  • a machinery brake may comprise at least two brakes, e.g. two, three or four brakes.
  • the machinery brake should according to EN 81-20:2014 be dimensioned so that it is able to stop the elevator machinery when the car is travelling downwards at rated speed and with the rated load plus an overload of 25% i.e. with a load of 125%.
  • the other brake should still be able to decelerate, stop and hold an elevator car standstill with the rated load i.e. with a load of 100%
  • the machinery brake forms a safety device in the elevator and should therefore be tested periodically to ensure that it is working properly.
  • the electromagnetic brake may comprise a frame part and an armature part being movably attached to the frame part.
  • Spring means may be arranged to operate between the frame part and the armature part for pushing the armature part away from the frame part when the machinery brake is activated.
  • a brake shoe acting on a rotating brake surface may be attached to the armature part.
  • the rotating brake surface may be connected to the traction sheave.
  • the brake shoe is pushed against the rotating brake surface when the machinery brake is activated.
  • Electromagnet means may further be arranged in the frame part.
  • the magnetic field of the electromagnet means pulls the armature part against the force of the spring means towards the frame part.
  • the machinery brake is deactivated i.e. the brake shoe is drawn away from the brake surface when the electromagnet is activated.
  • the machinery brake is on the other hand activated i.e. the brake shoe is pushed towards the brake surface when the electromagnet is deactivated.
  • the machinery brake may be a shoe brake,
  • Prior art brake tests are based on the principle of opening one of the brakes in the machinery brake when the car stands at a landing.
  • the remaining brakes in the machinery brake will thus be subject to a force originating from either the gravity (the unbalance between the car and the counterweight) or from the gravity and an additional force produced by the motor in the hoisting machinery.
  • the monitoring is based on detecting a movement of the hoisting machinery in said state. The test may be carried out for each brake at a time in the machinery brake.
  • An object of the invention is an improved method for testing machinery brakes in an elevator.
  • the elevator comprises a car movably arranged in a shaft, an electric motor for moving the car, a drive unit for controlling the electric motor, and a machinery brake for braking and holding the car.
  • the method for testing the machinery brakes comprises moving the car with the electric motor in accordance with a drive profile by adjusting a drive torque of the electric motor with the drive unit, generating a brake dropping command to the machinery brake, monitoring the drive torque of the electric motor, and if the drive torque of the electric motor does not follow a desired drive torque change pattern during a predefined time period starting from the generation of the brake dropping command to the machinery brake, indicating that the machinery brake does not work properly, else indicating that the machinery brake works properly.
  • the drive unit may calculate a drive profile for the car moving between the landings in the building.
  • the drive unit may comprise a speed controller.
  • the speed controller may adjust the drive torque of the electric motor to implement said drive profile of the car.
  • the machinery brake may comprise at least two brakes, e.g. two, three or four brakes.
  • the machinery brake should be dimensioned so that it is able to stop the elevator machinery when the car is travelling downwards at rated speed and with the rated load plus an overload of 25% i.e. with a load of 125%. If one brake fails, then the other brake should still be able to decelerate, stop and hold an elevator car standstill with the rated load i.e. with a load of 100%.
  • the method, for testing the functionality of the machinery brake may be stored in a memory in the elevator control.
  • the brake dropping command may thus be issued to the machinery brake while the elevator car is running.
  • the drive torque of the electric motor may be monitored.
  • the machinery brake will, if the machinery brake works properly, engage against the traction sheave of the hoisting machinery after a certain dropping delay and start a braking of the movement of the hoisting machinery.
  • the speed controller of the drive unit tries to maintain the prevailing speed condition by increasing the drive torque.
  • the drive torque or the drive torque reference may be monitored. If the drive torque or the drive torque reference forms an increasing pattern congruent with an expected braking torque of the machinery brake, then a conclusion may be made that the machinery brake is working properly.
  • the elevator may be taken out of use and/or a maintenance request may be generated to a remote service center.
  • the brake test may be done while the car is driven in a light direction of the elevator car.
  • the light direction means that the car is driven upwards in the shaft so that the car is empty and downwards in the shaft so that there is full load in the car.
  • the speed of the car during the brake test may be the nominal speed of the car or some other lower test speed of the car.
  • the weight of the ropes of the elevator may not be compensated so that the degree of unbalance of the elevator may vary in different parts of the shaft.
  • the position of the car as well as the torque of the motor just before the dropping of the machinery brake in the brake test may therefore be recorded in the test. This will make it possible to establish the unbalance situation of the elevator during the test.
  • the test may be performed during the start-up of the elevator in a position in the shaft in which the unbalance of the elevator reaches a minimum value and in a position of the shaft in which the unbalance of the elevator reaches a maximum value.
  • One or more brakes of the machinery brake may be tested during one test drive.
  • the control system draws said brake (deactivates the brake) and drops (activates) the next brake. There is no need for stopping the elevator between the tests.
  • a subset of brakes i.e. more than one but less than all the brakes in a set of brakes, may be tested at the same time.
  • the two brakes may be tested alternately during one elevator travel so that a brake dropping command is issued to the brake to be tested while the other brake in the machinery brake is kept open.
  • the results of the measurements and the acceptance limits may be transmitted to a cloud service.
  • the trend may thus be observed by algorithms from the data in the cloud service and a correct time for maintenance measures may be determined.
  • the motor current or the motor current reference is directly proportional to the drive torque of the motor in modern vector-controlled electric drives, especially in case of permanent magnet motors.
  • the motor current or the motor current refence is thus the parameter that may in practice be monitored.
  • the activation delay (dropping delay) of the machinery brake. This may be done by measuring the time delay starting at the instant the brake dropping command is issued and ending at the instant the change pattern in the drive torque is detected. The time delay for engaging the machinery brake should not be too long. Thus, if the measured time delay exceeds a given threshold, then indication of an operational anomaly of the machinery brake should be issued.
  • the elevator run may be continued to the destination landing without interruption.
  • the drive torque may be interrupted so that the machinery brake will stop the car.
  • the stopping distance of the car may be recorded. By verifying that the stopping distance of the car is within desired limits, additional diagnostic data of the machinery brake may be obtained.
  • a brake dropping command means activation of the machinery brake.
  • the machinery brake may be activated by deactivating the electromagnet in the machinery brake i.e. by cutting the current supply to the electromagnet.
  • the spring means in the machinery brake start to press the brake shoe or shoes against the rotating brake surface causing a braking of the movement of the hoisting machinery.
  • a shoe brake a drum brake, a disc brake or any corresponding machinery brake.
  • Prior art brake tests do not measure the dropping delay of the machinery brake.
  • the novel brake test makes it possible to measure the dropping delay or activation delay of the machinery brake. It is important to monitor the dropping delay of the machinery brake to make sure that the machinery brake functions properly in all situations.
  • Prior art brake tests measure the brake force in a static situation i.e. the hoisting machinery is at a standstill when the brake test is performed.
  • the torque produced by the brake in a dynamic situation may, however, differ from the toque produced by the brake in a static situation.
  • the novel brake test makes it possible to measure the dynamic torque of the machinery brake.
  • Contaminants may in time accumulate on the friction surface of the brake shoes in the machinery brake.
  • the contaminants may have an influence on the characteristics of the brake at the beginning of the braking event.
  • the contaminants will have time to wear out from the friction surface of the brake shoes during the novel brake test.
  • the novel brake test may also eliminate additional wearing of the brakes as it is possible to perform the test at a lower test speed.
  • Fig. 1 shows a side view of an elevator.
  • the elevator may comprise a car 10, an elevator shaft 20, hoisting machinery 30, hoisting ropes 42, and a counterweight 41.
  • a separate or an integrated car frame 11 may surround the car 10.
  • the hoisting machinery 30 may be positioned in the shaft 20.
  • the hoisting machinery may comprise an electric drive 31, 32, a traction sheave 33, and a machinery brake 100.
  • the electric drive 31, 32 may comprise an electric motor 32 and a drive unit 31 controlling the electric motor 32.
  • the electric motor 32 may be a permanent magnet electric motor and the drive unit 31 may be a frequency converter.
  • the drive unit 31 controls the electric motor 32 and the electric motor 32 rotates the traction sheave 33.
  • the car frame 11 may be connected by the hoisting ropes 42 via the traction sheave 33 to the counterweight 41. Rotation of the traction sheave 33 with the electric motor 32 will move the car 10 in a vertical direction Z upwards and downwards in the vertically extending elevator shaft 20.
  • the machinery brake 100 may stop the rotation of the traction sheave 33 and thereby the movement of the elevator car 10.
  • the car frame 11 may be supported with guide means 27 at guide rails 25 extending in the vertical direction in the shaft 20.
  • the guide means 27 may comprise rolls rolling on the guide rails 25 or glide shoes gliding on the guide rails 25 when the car 10 is moving upwards and downwards in the elevator shaft 20.
  • the guide rails 25 may be attached with fastening brackets 26 to the side wall structures 21 in the elevator shaft 20.
  • the guide means 27 keep the car 10 in position in the horizontal plane when the car 10 moves upwards and downwards in the elevator shaft 20.
  • the counterweight 41 may be supported in a corresponding way on guide rails that are attached to the wall structure 21 of the shaft 20.
  • the car 10 may transport people and/or goods between the landings in the building.
  • the elevator shaft 20 may be formed so that the wall structure 21 is formed of solid walls or so that the wall structure 21 is formed of an open steel structure.
  • the elevator may be controlled with a main controller 300.
  • Figure 2 shows a side view of an elevator machinery brake system.
  • the car 10 may hang on a first side of the traction sheave 33 and the counterweight 41 may hang on an opposite second side of the traction sheave 33.
  • the hoisting ropes 42 may pass from the car 10 over the traction sheave 33 to the counterweight 41.
  • the traction sheave 33 may be driven by the electric motor 32.
  • the electric motor 32 may be formed of a synchronous, permanent magnet electric motor.
  • the electric motor 32 may be controlled by a drive unit 31.
  • the drive unit 31 may be formed of a frequency converter.
  • the machinery brake 100 may comprise two electromagnetic brakes 110, 120 acting on the traction sheave 33.
  • the electromagnetic brakes 110, 120 may be controlled by a machinery brake controller 200.
  • the elevator, the drive unit 31 and the brake controller 200 may be controlled by a main controller 300.
  • the traction sheave 33 may be provided with a motion measuring device 130.
  • the motion measuring device 130 may be formed of a tachometer.
  • Figure 3 shows a flow diagram for testing the machinery brake of an elevator.
  • Step 501 comprises moving the car with an electric motor in accordance with a drive profile by adjusting a drive torque of the electric motor.
  • the electric motor may be controlled with a drive unit.
  • the drive unit may be controlled with a main controller of the elevator.
  • Step 502 comprises generating a brake dropping command to a machinery brake.
  • the brake dropping command may be generated by the machinery brake controller and/or by the main controller.
  • Step 503 comprises monitoring a drive torque of the electric motor. This may in practice be done by monitoring the current of the electric motor.
  • the motor current of the electric motor is directly proportional to the drive torque of the electric motor in modern vector-controlled electric drives, especially in case of permanent magnet motors.
  • Step 504 comprises determining whether the drive torque of the electric motor follows a desired change pattern during a predefined time period starting from the generation of the brake dropping command to the machinery brake.
  • Step 505 comprises, if the answer in step 504 is yes, indicating that the machinery brake works properly.
  • Step 506 comprises, if the answer in step 504 is no, indicating that the machinery brake does not work properly.
  • the use of the invention is not limited to the elevator disclosed in the figures.
  • the invention can be used in any type of elevator e.g. an elevator comprising a machine room or lacking a machine room, an elevator comprising a counterweight or lacking a counterweight.
  • the counterweight could be positioned on either side wall or on both side walls or on the back wall of the elevator shaft.
  • the drive unit, the motor, the traction sheave, and the machinery brake could be positioned in a machine room or somewhere in the elevator shaft.
  • the car guide rails could be positioned on opposite side walls of the shaft or on a back wall of the shaft in a so called ruck-sack elevator.

Landscapes

  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Cage And Drive Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)
EP20190818.3A 2020-08-13 2020-08-13 Verfahren zum testen von maschinenbremsen in einem aufzug Pending EP3954641A1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20190818.3A EP3954641A1 (de) 2020-08-13 2020-08-13 Verfahren zum testen von maschinenbremsen in einem aufzug
CN202110912214.6A CN114074870A (zh) 2020-08-13 2021-08-10 测试电梯中的机械制动器的方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20190818.3A EP3954641A1 (de) 2020-08-13 2020-08-13 Verfahren zum testen von maschinenbremsen in einem aufzug

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3954641A1 true EP3954641A1 (de) 2022-02-16

Family

ID=72086699

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20190818.3A Pending EP3954641A1 (de) 2020-08-13 2020-08-13 Verfahren zum testen von maschinenbremsen in einem aufzug

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3954641A1 (de)
CN (1) CN114074870A (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114560371B (zh) * 2022-03-11 2022-11-01 四川省特种设备检验研究院 一种电梯钢丝绳曳引力检测验证系统及方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004035448A2 (en) * 2002-10-15 2004-04-29 Otis Elevator Company Detecting elevator brake and other dragging by monitoring motor current
WO2005066057A2 (en) * 2004-01-09 2005-07-21 Kone Corporation Method for testing the condition of the brakes of an elevator
WO2007020325A2 (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-02-22 Kone Corporation Elevator system
WO2013066321A1 (en) * 2011-11-02 2013-05-10 Otis Elevator Company Brake torque monitoring and health assessment

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004035448A2 (en) * 2002-10-15 2004-04-29 Otis Elevator Company Detecting elevator brake and other dragging by monitoring motor current
WO2005066057A2 (en) * 2004-01-09 2005-07-21 Kone Corporation Method for testing the condition of the brakes of an elevator
WO2007020325A2 (en) * 2005-08-19 2007-02-22 Kone Corporation Elevator system
WO2013066321A1 (en) * 2011-11-02 2013-05-10 Otis Elevator Company Brake torque monitoring and health assessment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN114074870A (zh) 2022-02-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11084690B2 (en) Elevator comprising an electric linear motor
US9434575B2 (en) Method and device for a safe emergency stop of an elevator
US20100154527A1 (en) Elevator Brake Condition Testing
US10399818B2 (en) Arrangement and a method for testing elevator safety gear
JP3936578B2 (ja) エレベータ巻上機・制御システム
CN108698790B (zh) 电梯以及救援运转控制方法
EP2743225B1 (de) Aufzugssystem
CN106800232B (zh) 用于控制电梯的方法
WO2019167212A1 (ja) エレベーターのブレーキ性能評価装置
JP4566587B2 (ja) エレベータの制御装置
KR20170089885A (ko) 엘리베이터 브레이크의 성능을 모니터링하는 시스템 및 방법
JP5079351B2 (ja) エレベータ装置
JP5383375B2 (ja) エレベータ装置
EP3954641A1 (de) Verfahren zum testen von maschinenbremsen in einem aufzug
US10486935B2 (en) Elevator diagnosing device
WO2012131840A1 (ja) エレベータ装置
US20210114841A1 (en) Method for monitoring brake dragging of an elevator
US20210331892A1 (en) Method for testing safety characteristics of an elevator
JP2020070128A (ja) エレベーターの制御システム
EP4008664A1 (de) Verfahren zur verhinderung von schwerkraftsprüngen bei einem notstopp in aufzugssystemen
KR100902452B1 (ko) 엘리베이터 장치
JP2021116148A (ja) ロープ式エレベータの摩耗検査システム、および、摩耗検査方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20210211

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20221214

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230525