EP3947860A1 - Procédé d'impression et système d'impression - Google Patents

Procédé d'impression et système d'impression

Info

Publication number
EP3947860A1
EP3947860A1 EP20714565.7A EP20714565A EP3947860A1 EP 3947860 A1 EP3947860 A1 EP 3947860A1 EP 20714565 A EP20714565 A EP 20714565A EP 3947860 A1 EP3947860 A1 EP 3947860A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building material
discontinuous
printing
strand
discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20714565.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jens HÄFNER
Tobias Huth
Knut Kasten
Peter MÖGLE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Putzmeister Engineering GmbH
Original Assignee
Putzmeister Engineering GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Putzmeister Engineering GmbH filed Critical Putzmeister Engineering GmbH
Publication of EP3947860A1 publication Critical patent/EP3947860A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • B28B3/24—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded by reciprocating plunger
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E04G21/0418—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
    • E04G21/0445—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms
    • E04G21/0463—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms with boom control mechanisms, e.g. to automate concrete distribution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
    • F04B1/02—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having two cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B15/00—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04B15/02—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts the fluids being viscous or non-homogeneous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B7/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving
    • F04B7/0019—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving a common distribution member forming a single discharge distributor for a plurality of pumping chambers
    • F04B7/0023—Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving a common distribution member forming a single discharge distributor for a plurality of pumping chambers and having a rotating movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E04G2021/049—Devices for both conveying and distributing concrete mixing nozzles specially adapted for conveying devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a printing method for forming a continuous strand of building material for 3D printing a structural part by means of a printing system and a printing system for forming a continuous strand of building material for 3D printing a structural part.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a printing method for forming a continuous strand of building material for 3D printing a structural part by means of a printing system and a printing system for forming a continuous strand of building material for 3D printing a structural part, which, in particular, has improved properties, in particular allows more freedom.
  • the invention solves this problem by providing a printing method with the features of claim 1 and a printing system with the features of claim 12.
  • Advantageous developments and / or refinements of the invention are described in the dependent claims.
  • The, in particular automatic, printing method according to the invention is designed or configured or provided for forming a, in particular spatially, continuous strand of building material for 3D printing of an, in particular 3-dimensional, structural part by means of a printing system.
  • the pressure system has a pressure device and a discontinuous building material pump.
  • the printing device is designed or configured for, in particular automatically, discharging building material from the printing device and for shaping building material, in particular before and / or during discharge, in order to form a, in particular, strand of building material.
  • the discontinuous building material pump is designed or configured for, in particular, automatic, in particular temporally, discontinuous conveying or pumping of building material for, in particular temporally, discontinuous discharge of conveyed, and in particular shaped, building material from the pressure device.
  • the printing method has the following steps: a) in particular automatic, discontinuous conveying of building material by means of the discontinuous building material pump and, in particular, automatic, discontinuous discharge of conveyed building material out of the printing device and shaping conveyed building material, in particular before and / or during discharge, by means of the printing device; b) in particular automatic and / or at least translational, discontinuous movement of the pressure device during the discontinuous conveying and the discontinuous discharge, and in particular the shaping, in such a way that the discharged and shaped building material forms a, in particular the, continuous strand of building material.
  • continuous can mean steady, uninterrupted, seamlessly connected, continuous, continuous, uniform and / or constant.
  • discontinuous can mean discontinuous, interrupted, incomplete, incoherent, uneven and / or non-constant.
  • the continuous strand can extend in, in particular a certain, length.
  • the building material can be concrete, in particular fresh concrete, and / or thixotropic and / or solid or dimensionally stable, in particular during the discharge and / or after the molding. Furthermore, additionally or alternatively, the building material can have a maximum grain size of at least 4 millimeters (mm), in particular of a minimum of 10 mm, in particular of a minimum of 16 mm.
  • the strand can be deposited or applied, in particular in layers, on a strand or an already printed strand and / or a further strand can be deposited or applied, in particular in layers, on the strand or strands.
  • the structural part can be a building structural part and / or a wall and / or a ceiling. Additionally or alternatively, the strand, in particular a width of the strand, can have the, in particular the entire, wall and / or ceiling thickness.
  • the printing device can be referred to as a print head and / or discharge element.
  • the pressure device can be designed for discharging building material out of the pressure device in a non-vertical, in particular horizontal, discharge direction. In other words: the pressure device may or need not be designed to discharge building material out of the pressure device in a vertical discharge direction.
  • the pressure device can have an outlet opening for building material to exit from the pressure device. In particular, the outlet opening can be planar or even.
  • the outlet opening can have an, in particular maximum, opening width of at least 100 mm, in particular a minimum of 200 mm and / or a maximum of 800 mm, in particular a maximum of 600 mm, in particular 400 mm, in particular in a first circumferential direction, in particular non-parallel, in particular orthogonal to a discharge direction.
  • the outlet opening can have an especially maximum opening height of at least 15 mm, especially at least 25 mm, and / or at most 400 mm, especially at most 200 mm, especially at most 100 mm, especially 50 mm, in particular in a second Circumferential direction in particular non-parallel, in particular orthogonal to a discharge direction and / or the first circumferential direction.
  • the discontinuous building material pump can or does not need to be designed for the continuous conveying of building material, in particular for the continuous discharge of conveyed building material out of the pressure device, in particular no screw pump.
  • the printing process thus enables the discontinuous building material pump, in particular possibly already present, to be used directly or immediately for 3D printing.
  • the printing process thus has improved properties, in particular allows more freedom.
  • the discontinuous building material pump is designed or configured for conveying building material, in particular with an, in particular continuous, conveying volume flow in displacement cycles.
  • suction and / or switching cycles in particular of the building material pump, in particular temporally, between the displacement cycles, a, in particular the, delivery volume flow, in particular a value or amount of the delivery volume flow, of building material of the building material pump, in particular temporally, discontinuously, in particular equal to zero or skip.
  • the delivery volume flow in particular in the suction and / or switchover cycles, can be discontinuous.
  • the delivery volume flow can be different, in particular smaller, at the beginning and / or at the end towards a middle of, in particular each, displacement stroke.
  • the discontinuous building material pump can be a rotor pump.
  • the discontinuous building material pump is a piston pump, in particular a two-piston pump with an, in particular switchable, transfer tube or a concrete valve.
  • the delivery volume flow can be discontinuous in suction cycles.
  • the delivery volume flow can be discontinuous in switching cycles.
  • step a) comprises: in particular automatic switching of the transfer tube so slowly that switching the transfer tube does not cause the pressure device to vibrate. This can make it possible to avoid, in particular unintentional, damage to the strand.
  • the printing device is designed or configured for, in particular automatically, specifying, in particular specifying the shape, of a strand cross-section, in particular an area of the strand cross-section, of the strand.
  • Step b) comprises: in particular automatic, discontinuous movement of the printing device in such a way that the strand formed has the strand cross-section, in particular by the printing device.
  • the strand cross-section can be non-parallel, in particular orthogonal, to the discharge direction.
  • the printing device in particular the one, has at least one outlet opening with at least one shaping opening cross section.
  • the at least one outlet opening is designed or configured for the, in particular automatic, exit of the strand, in particular with the strand cross-section, of building material from the printing device.
  • Step a) comprises: in particular automatic, discontinuous exit of the strand, in particular with the strand cross-section, of building material from the printing device.
  • Step b) comprises: in particular automatic, discontinuous movement of the printing device in such a way that the strand cross-section, in particular a shape and / or a size of the strand cross-section, of the extruded strand corresponds to at least one opening cross-section, in particular a shape and / or a size of the opening cross-section, equals, especially completely.
  • the printing process can be referred to as an extrusion process and / or the printing system can be referred to as an extruder system and / or the printing device can be referred to as an extruder device.
  • the extruder device can have an extruder nozzle, wherein the extruder nozzle can have the outlet opening.
  • the extruder nozzle in particular the outlet opening, can be tubular and / or, in particular by at least one circumferential wall, closed on the circumference, in particular in / against the at least one circumferential direction.
  • the extruder nozzle can have the outlet opening at one end, in particular at the front and / or front end.
  • the outlet opening can be referred to as a discharge opening.
  • the outlet opening can have a square shape, in particular have a trapezoidal shape, in particular a parallelogram shape, in particular a rectangular shape.
  • the extruder nozzle can predetermine the discharge or exit direction of the strand of building material from the extruder device, in particular the extruder nozzle, in particular the outlet opening.
  • the discharge direction can be parallel, in particular coaxial, to a longitudinal axis of the extruder nozzle.
  • the strand cross-section, in particular a shape and / or a size of the strand cross-section can correspond at least partially, in particular completely, to a flow cross-section, in particular a shape and / or a size of the flow cross-section, of building material within the extruder nozzle, in particular the same.
  • the opening cross-section and / or the flow cross-section in particular in each case, can be non-parallel, in particular orthogonal, to the discharge direction.
  • the pressure device is designed or configured to be adjustable, in particular automatically, in particular continuously, adjustable presetting of the strand cross-section, in particular the at least one shaping opening cross-section, in particular during the discharge, in particular emergence, of building material.
  • the printing method has the following step: in particular, automatic adjustment of the specification of the strand cross-section, in particular the at least one opening cross-section, in particular during the discharge, in particular emergence, of building material.
  • Step b) has: in particular automatic, discontinuous movement of the printing device as a function of the adjusted specification of the strand cross-section, in particular the at least one opening cross-section.
  • this can be the implementation of different wall and / or ceiling thicknesses, in particular with a transition without a shoulder, and / or the printing of the structural part with slots, holes or channels, in particular for lines or cables and / or pipes or for media such as Electricity and / or water.
  • they do not need to be produced after printing, in particular laboriously, if this can be done at all with reasonable effort, especially by workers.
  • step a) comprises: in particular automatic, discontinuous discharge, in particular discontinuous discharge, of building material from the printing device in one, in particular the and / or non-vertical, in particular horizontal, discharge direction.
  • the step b) has: in particular automatic, discontinuous movement of the printing device in a direction not related to the discharge orthogonal, in particular reverse, in particular opposite, direction of movement.
  • a minimum of 135 degrees (°) in particular a minimum of 150 °, in particular 165 °.
  • 180 ° can mean opposite.
  • step b) has: in particular automatic, discontinuous movement of the printing device as a function of the discontinuous conveying and the discontinuous discharge.
  • the discontinuous movement of the printing device can be synchronous with the discontinuous conveying and the discontinuous discharge.
  • step a) has: in particular automatic, discontinuous conveying of building material with a, in particular the, discontinuous conveyed volume flow and / or, in particular automatic, discontinuous discharge of building material from the pressure device with a discontinuous discharge volume flow and / or a discontinuous Discharge speed, in particular exit speed.
  • step b) has: in particular automatic, discontinuous movement of the printing device at a discontinuous movement speed in such a way that the movement speed, in particular a value or amount of the movement speed, in particular over a certain period of time, is proportional to the conveyed volume flow, in particular a value or amount.
  • the amount of the delivery volume flow and / or the discharge volume flow, in particular a value or amount of the discharge volume flow is, in particular, equal to the discharge volume flow divided by the strand cross-section, in particular a value or amount of an area of the strand cross-section, or the opening cross-section, in particular a value or Amount of an area of the opening cross section.
  • step b) has: in particular automatic, discontinuous movement of the printing device at a discontinuous movement speed in such a way that the movement speed, in particular a value or amount of the movement speed, in particular over a certain period of time, is proportional to the discharge speed, in particular a value or the amount of the discharge speed, is, in particular, equal to the discharge speed.
  • the printing method has the following step: in particular, automatic depositing of the discharged building material.
  • Step b) has: in particular automatic, discontinuous movement of the printing device in such a way that the deposited building material forms the continuous strand of building material.
  • the laying down of the discharged building material can be such that the laid down strand can have the predetermined strand cross-section, in particular the at least one opening cross-section, or can maintain its strand cross-section, in particular the strand that has emerged.
  • the building material cannot or does not need to be pressed onto an already existing building material layer or layer and thus be deformed.
  • the printing system according to the invention for forming a, in particular the, in particular spatially, continuous strand of building material for the 3D printing of a, in particular the, structural part has one, in particular the, printing device, one, in particular the, discontinuous building material pump, a controllable movement device and a, in particular electrical control device, in particular a computer.
  • the printing device is designed or configured for, in particular automatically, discharging building material from the printing device and for shaping building material, in particular before and / or during discharge, in order to form a, in particular, strand of building material.
  • the discontinuous building material pump is designed or configured for the, in particular automatic, in particular temporally, discontinuous conveying or pumping of building material for the discontinuous discharge of conveyed, and in particular shaped, building material out of the pressure device.
  • the movement device is designed or configured for, in particular, automatic and / or at least translatory, discontinuous movement of the printing device.
  • the control device is designed or configured for, in particular automatically and / or independently, control of the movement device for, in particular at least translational, discontinuous movement of the printing device during the discontinuous conveying and the discontinuous discharge, and in particular the molding, in such a way that the discharged and shaped Building material forms a, in particular the, continuous strand of building material.
  • the printing system can provide the same advantage (s) as the printing method described above.
  • the printing system can be designed or configured for, in particular automatically, executing or executing the printing method described above.
  • the printing system, the printing device and / or the discontinuous building material pump, in particular in each case can be designed or configured partially or even completely as described above for the printing method.
  • the movement device can be referred to as a positioning device.
  • the movement device and / or the printing device can be designed for, in particular automatic, rotational movement of the printing device, in particular during conveying and / or discharge, and in particular forming.
  • the printing device can be carried and / or can be carried by the movement device.
  • the movement device has a controllable arm.
  • the arm is designed or configured for the, in particular automatic, discontinuous movement of the printing device.
  • the control device is designed or configured for, in particular automatically and / or independently, the control of the arm for the discontinuous movement of the printing device during the discontinuous conveying and the discontinuous discharge, and in particular the molding, in such a way that the discharged and shaped building material makes up the continuous strand of Building material forms.
  • the arm can be a robot arm and / or a mast.
  • the pressure system has a building material delivery line.
  • the building material delivery line connects the building material pump with the pressure device for a flow of building material from the building material pump through the building material delivery line to the pressure device.
  • the printing system is a controllable printing system.
  • the printing device is a controllable printing device.
  • the building material pump is a controllable building material pump.
  • the control device for the, in particular automatic and / or independent, control of the, in particular controllable, pressure system and / or the, in particular controllable, pressure device and / or the, in particular controllable, building material pump and / or the, in particular controllable, movement device is in Dependence on data, in particular a building or construction plan, in particular in a memory of the control device, the structural part to be printed is formed or configured. This makes it possible for a worker not to need to control the printing system and / or to reduce or even avoid errors during construction.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a printing method according to the invention and a printing system according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a two-piston pump with a transfer tube of the
  • FIG. 3 again schematically shows the printing process of FIG. 1 and a
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a delivery volume flow and a discharge volume flow of the printing method and the printing system of FIG. 1 over time, a switching state of the transfer tube of FIG. 2 over time and a movement speed of a printing device of the printing system of FIG. 1 over time,
  • FIG. 5 again schematically shows the printing method and the printing system of FIG.
  • FIG. 6 schematically by means of the printing method and the printing system from FIG. 1
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the printing system, particularly of
  • FIG. 8 shows a further perspective view of the printing system, in particular of
  • Printing device Fig. 1, 9 shows a front view of the printing system with the printing device from FIG. 8 with at least one peripheral wall in a first setting, at least one inner element in a first setting and at least one cover element in a second setting,
  • FIG. 10 shows a side view of the printing system, in particular the printing device, of FIG. 9,
  • FIG. 11 is a front view of the printing system with the printing device of FIG. 8 with the at least one peripheral wall in the first setting, the at least one inner element in a second setting and the at least one cover element in a first setting without an upper peripheral wall,
  • FIG. 12 shows a side view of the printing system, in particular the printing device, of FIG. 11,
  • FIG. 13 shows a front view of the printing system with the printing device of FIG. 8 with the at least one peripheral wall in a second setting and the at least one inner element in the first setting without an upper peripheral wall and without a cover element,
  • FIG. 15 shows a front view of the printing system with the printing device of FIG. 8 with the at least one peripheral wall in the second setting, the at least one inner element in the first setting and the at least one cover element in a third setting, and FIG
  • Fig. 16 is a perspective view of the printing system, particularly of
  • the printing system 20 has a printing device 1, a discontinuous building material pump 23, a controllable movement device 22 and a control device 24.
  • the printing device 1 is designed to discharge building material BS out of the printing device 1 and to shape building material BS, in particular prior to and / or during discharge, to form the strand ST of building material BS.
  • the discontinuous building material pump 23 is designed for, in particular, the discontinuous conveying of building material BS for the discontinuous discharge of conveyed, and in particular shaped, building material BS out of the pressure device 1.
  • the moving device 22 is designed to move the printing device 1 discontinuously.
  • the control device 24 is designed to control the movement device 22 for the discontinuous movement of the printing device 1 during the discontinuous conveying and the discontinuous discharge, and in particular the shaping, in such a way that the discharged and shaped building material BS forms the continuous strand ST of building material BS.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 show a printing method according to the invention for forming the continuous strand ST of building material BS for 3D printing the building part BWT by means of the printing system 20.
  • the printing method has the steps: a) discontinuous conveying of building material BS by means of the discontinuous Building material pump 23 and discontinuous discharge of conveyed building material BS out of the pressure device 1 and shaping of conveyed building material BS, in particular before and / or during the discharge, by means of the pressure device 1; b) discontinuous movement of the pressure device 1 during the discontinuous conveying and the discontinuous discharge, and in particular the shaping, such that the discharged and shaped building material BS forms the continuous strand ST of building material BS, in particular by means of the moving device 22.
  • the printing system 20 is designed to carry out the printing method described above, in particular carries out.
  • the discontinuous building material pump 23 is designed for conveying building material BS in displacement cycles VT, as shown above in FIG. 4.
  • a QF (t) delivery volume flow of building material BS of building material pump 23 is discontinuous or equal to zero.
  • the delivery volume flow QF (t) is additionally different, in particular smaller, at the beginning and / or at the end towards a middle of, in particular each, displacement cycle VT.
  • the discontinuous building material pump 23 is a piston pump, in particular a two-piston pump with an in particular switchable transfer tube 29, as shown in FIG.
  • the delivery volume flow QF (t) is discontinuous in switching cycles SUT, in particular the transfer tube 29, as shown in the top and center of FIG. 4.
  • step a) comprises: Switching the diverter valve 29 so slowly that the switchover of the diverter valve 29 does not cause the printing device 1 to vibrate.
  • the pressure system 20 also has a building material conveying line 27, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the building material delivery line 27 connects the building material pump 23 to the pressure device 1 for a flow of building material BS from the building material pump 23 through the building material delivery line 27 to the pressure device 1.
  • the movement device 22 has a controllable arm 28, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the arm 28 is designed to move the printing device 1 discontinuously.
  • the control device 24 is designed to control the arm 28 for the discontinuous movement of the printing device 1 during the discontinuous conveying and the discontinuous discharge, and in particular the shaping, in such a way that the discharged and shaped building material BS forms the continuous strand ST of building material BS.
  • the printing system 20 is a controllable printing system.
  • the printing device 1 is a controllable printing device.
  • the building material pump 23 is a controllable building material pump.
  • the control device 24 is designed to control the printing system 20 and / or the printing device 1 and / or the building material pump 23 and / or the moving device 22 as a function of data DBWT of the building part BWT to be printed.
  • Step b) comprises: discontinuous movement of the printing device 1 in such a way that the strand ST formed has the predetermined strand cross section 4.
  • the printing device 1 has at least one outlet opening 2 with at least one shaping opening cross section 3.
  • the at least one outlet opening 2 is designed for the exit of the strand ST, in particular with the strand cross-section 4, of building material BS from the printing device 1.
  • Step a) has: discontinuous exit of the strand ST, in particular with the strand cross section 4, of building material BS out of the printing device 1.
  • Step b) comprises: discontinuous movement of the printing device 1 in such a way that the strand cross section 4 of the strand ST that has emerged equals the at least one opening cross section 3.
  • the pressure device 1 is designed to be adjustable for the adjustable presetting of the strand cross section 4 (t), in particular the at least one shaping opening cross section 3 (t), in particular during the discharge of building material BS.
  • the printing method has the following step: adjusting the specification of the strand cross section 4 (t), in particular the at least one opening cross section 3 (t), in particular during the discharge of building material BS.
  • Step b) comprises: discontinuous movement of the printing device 1 as a function of the adjusted presetting of the strand cross section 4 (t), in particular of the at least one opening cross section 3 (t).
  • the printing device 1 has an extruder nozzle 5 and at least one specification element, in particular a shape specification element, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 30a, 30b, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 16.
  • the extruder nozzle 5 has the, in particular rectangular, exit opening 2 for the exit of the strand ST of building material BS from the printing device 1 in an, in particular horizontal, discharge or exit direction x.
  • the at least one specification element 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 30a, 30b is for the variable, in particular continuous, adjustable or adjustable specification, in particular shape specification, of at least one part 4A, 4I of the, in particular rectangular, strand cross-section 4 of the exiting, and in particular emerged , Strand ST of building material BS, in particular during the exit of strand ST of building material BS, in particular individually or separately, variable, in particular continuously, adjustable or adjustable, in particular movable, designed or configured or stored, in particular in at least two different Settings.
  • the extruder nozzle 5 has several circumferential walls 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, four in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the peripheral walls 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d define or limit the outlet opening 2 on the peripheral side.
  • the at least one specification element has at least one, in the illustrated embodiment two, of the peripheral walls 7a, 7b.
  • the at least one peripheral wall 7a, 7b is for the variably adjustable definition or delimitation of an outer edge or outer part 35A of an, in particular shaping and / or rectangular, flow cross-section 35 of building material BS within the extruder nozzle 5 for the variably adjustable specification of an outer edge or outer part 4A of the Strand cross-section 4 formed variably adjustable.
  • one, in particular left, circumferential wall 7a and one, in particular right, circumferential wall 7b, in particular in each case, are designed to be variably adjustable for the variable setting of a width of the flow cross section 35 for the variable setting of a width of the strand cross section 4 or an opening width BO of the outlet opening 2 , in particular movable in / against a first circumferential direction y.
  • one, in particular lower, circumferential wall and / or one, in particular upper, circumferential wall, in particular in each case, can be designed to be variably adjustable for the variable setting of a height of the flow cross section for the variable setting of a height of the strand cross section or an opening height of the outlet opening , in particular movable in / against a second circumferential direction.
  • the two circumferential walls 7a, 7b are arranged maximally outside or maximally apart from one another in such a way that the width of the flow cross section 35 and thus the width of the strand cross section 4 or the opening width BO the outlet opening 2 is set to a maximum or wide, in the embodiment shown 400 mm.
  • the two circumferential walls 7a, 7b are arranged maximally inside or minimally apart or maximally close to one another in such a way that the width of the flow cross section 35 and thus the width of the strand cross-section 4 or the opening width BO of the outlet opening 2 is set to be minimal or narrow, in the illustrated embodiment 200 mm.
  • an opening height HO of the outlet opening 2 is 50 mm, in particular in the second circumferential direction z.
  • the at least one specification element has at least one inner element 30a, 30b.
  • the at least one inner element 30a, 30b is for variably adjustable, in particular complete, arrangement within the extruder nozzle 5 for variably adjustable definition or limitation, in particular at least one inner edge or inner part 35I of the flow cross section 35 of building material BS within the extruder nozzle 5 for variably adjustable Specification, in particular at least one inner edge or inner part 4I of the strand cross-section 4 designed to be variably adjustable, in particular movable relative to the extruder nozzle 5, in particular in / against the first circumferential direction y.
  • the at least one inner element can additionally or alternatively be movable in / against the second circumferential direction.
  • the at least one specification element has, in particular precisely, two inner elements 30a, 30b.
  • the at least one specification element in particular only one or at least three inner elements.
  • the at least one inner element 30a, 30b in a first, in particular inner, setting, in particular no inner edge of the flow cross section 35 and thus no inner edge of the strand cross section 4, as in FIGS. 7 to 10 and 13 to 16 and FIG. 6 a), b) below and above, c) below and above, d) below and e) below and in the middle.
  • the at least one inner element 30a, 30b is divided into two with an, in particular rectangular, interruption 4U, in particular in one, in particular horizontal, direction, in particular in the first circumferential direction y, in particular of flow cross section 35 , and thus the strand cross-section 4 in front, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 and FIG. 6 b) in the middle, c) in the middle, d) in the middle and above and e) above.
  • the at least one specification element has at least one, in particular rectangular, cover element 8a, 8b.
  • the at least one cover element 8a, 8b is for the variably adjustable covering of at least one part 2a of the outlet opening 2 for the variably adjustable specification of at least one part or edge 4A, 4I, in particular the outer edge 4A and / or the inner edge 4I, of the strand cross-section 4 by at least one uncovered part 2b of the outlet opening 2, in particular the opening cross section 3 of the outlet opening 2, designed to be variably adjustable, in particular movable relative to the outlet opening 2 or the extruder nozzle 5, in particular in / against the first circumferential direction y and / or the second circumferential direction z.
  • the at least one specification element has, in particular precisely, two, in particular rectangular, cover elements 8a, 8b. In alternative exemplary embodiments, the at least one specification element, in particular only one or at least three cover elements.
  • the at least one cover element 8a, 8b for covering the, in particular at least one, part 2a of the outlet opening 2 is designed such that the opening cross section 3 is at least divided into two parts with an interruption 3U, in particular in one, in particular horizontal, direction, in particular in the first circumferential direction y.
  • the at least one cover element 8, 8a, 8b is designed to be variably adjustable for separating, in particular for cutting, the escaped strand ST of building material BS from the printing device 1, in particular from the extruder nozzle 5, in particular at the outlet opening 2.
  • the at least one cover element 8a, 8b has a cutting plate or a blade 8aK, 8bK.
  • the at least one cover element 8, 8a, 8b is designed to be arranged at the outlet opening 2, in particular in contact with the extruder nozzle 5. This makes it possible to reduce or even avoid an unintentional escape of building material at an unintended location and / or in / against the first circumferential direction and / or the second circumferential direction out of the printing device, in particular the extruder nozzle.
  • the two cover elements 8a, 8b are arranged on the outlet opening 2 and cover an, in particular inner and / or rectangular, part 2a of the outlet opening 2 in such a way that the opening cross section 3, in particular rectangular and , is divided into two with an, in particular rectangular, interruption 3U, in particular in the first circumferential direction y.
  • the cover elements 8a, 8b overlap or are pushed over one another in the exit direction x.
  • the two-part, in particular rectangular, opening cross-section 3 with the, in particular rectangular, interruption 3U specifies the two-part, in particular rectangular, strand cross-section 4 with an, in particular, rectangular, interruption 4U of the, in particular, leaked, strand ST of building material BS.
  • the two cover elements 8a, 8b are arranged on the outlet opening 2 and cover two, in particular outer and / or rectangular, parts 2a of the outlet opening 2 in such a way that the opening cross section 3, in particular rectangular and narrow, in particular in the first circumferential direction y.
  • a, in particular an inner, part 2b of the outlet opening 2 is not covered.
  • the narrow, in particular rectangular, opening cross section 3 thus defines the narrow, in particular rectangular, strand cross section 4 of the strand ST of building material BS, which has in particular emerged.
  • the two cover elements 8a, 8b are not arranged on the outlet opening 2 and do not cover any part of the outlet opening 2 or the outlet opening 2 is uncovered.
  • the two cover elements 8a, 8b are raised in the second circumferential direction z.
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically, by means of the printing method and the printing system 20, 3D-printed structural parts BWT from strands ST of building material BS formed and in particular layered or placed on top of one another.
  • the rectangular two-part strand cross-section 4 with rectangular interruption 4U shown in FIG. 6 c) in the middle, d) in the middle and above and e) above, in particular in each case, can pass through the peripheral walls 7a, 7b, in particular in each case, in the first setting or at most outside , the at least one inner element 30a, 30b in the second setting and the at least one cover element 8a, 8b in the first setting or without a cover element are or is predetermined.
  • the at least one inner element 30a, 30b in the first setting and the at least one, in particular rectangular, cover element 8a, 8b in the second setting, or a central or inner part 2a of the, in particular rectangular, outlet opening 2, in particular with maximum opening width BO, covering are specified or is specified.
  • the rectangular strand cross-section 4 shown in the center of FIG. 6 b) can pass through the circumferential wall 7a in the first setting or maximally outside, the circumferential wall 7b in the second setting or maximally inside, the at least one inner element 30a, 30b in the first setting and the at least one, in particular rectangular, cover element 8a, 8b in the second setting or a central or inner part 2a of the, in particular rectangular, outlet opening 2, in particular with a maximum opening width BO, are specified or is specified.
  • slots can be produced vertically or vertically in a strand or a layer or a layer ST and horizontally or horizontally on an outside of the strand ST, as shown in FIG. 6, in particular b) to e).
  • two narrow or thin structural parts or walls BWT connected with webs can thus be produced with one passage in order to later fill the gap with insulating material or to accommodate installation lines.
  • the strand cross-sections 4 of FIGS. 6 c), d) and e), in particular in this order can be arranged in and / or against the discharge or exit direction x.
  • open strand cross-sections 4 can thus be produced to produce a media channel.
  • a support structure such as a grid
  • a support structure can be and / or be arranged on the strands ST, which are not completely over the maximum opening width BO, to enable at least one further strand ST to be deposited. This can make it possible to prevent the soft building material from sagging downward into the space, in particular the cavity.
  • the printing system 20, in particular the printing device 1, has at least one, in particular controllable and / or electrical, adjusting device or adjusting device 213, 217a, 217b, 218a, 218b.
  • the at least one setting device 213, 217a, 217b, 218a, 218b is designed for the, in particular automatic, variable, in particular continuous, setting or adjustment of the at least one specification element 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 30a, 30b.
  • the control device 24 is designed to control the at least one adjusting device 213, 217a, 217b, 218a, 218b as a function of data DBWT of the structural part BWT to be printed.
  • the printing method has the step: depositing the discharged building material BS, in particular by means of the printing device 1 and / or the movement device 22.
  • Step b) includes: discontinuous movement of the printing device 1 in such a way that the deposited building material BS the continuous strand ST of Building material BS forms, in particular that the stored strand ST has the predetermined strand cross section 4, in particular the at least one opening cross section 3, or maintains its strand cross section 4.
  • step a) comprises: discontinuous discharge, in particular discontinuous discharge, of building material BS out of the pressure device 1 in the, in particular horizontal, discharge direction x.
  • step b) comprises: discontinuous movement of the printing device 1 in a direction of movement -x that is non-orthogonal, in particular opposite, to the discharge direction x, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the printing device 1 has a deflection device or a deflection element 9, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 16.
  • the deflection device 9 is arranged upstream of the outlet opening 2, in particular the extruder nozzle 5, and is used to deflect a flow or a flow of building material BS, in particular from a pipe flange 45, in particular from a non-horizontal, in particular vertical, direction, in particular against the first circumferential direction -z, in particular from top to bottom, in the direction, in particular in the discharge or exit direction x, in particular from back to front, of the outlet opening 2.
  • the movement device 22 and / or the printing device 1 are / is designed for the rotational movement of the printing device 1, in particular during conveying and / or discharge, and in particular during molding.
  • the pressure device 1 can be rotated about a longitudinal axis of the pipe flange.
  • Step b) further comprises: discontinuous movement of the printing device 1 as a function of the discontinuous conveying and the discontinuous discharge.
  • step a) comprises: discontinuous conveying of building material BS with the discontinuous conveyed volume flow QF (t) and / or discontinuous discharge of building material BS out of the pressure device 1 with a discontinuous one Discharge volume flow QA (t) and / or a discontinuous discharge speed vx (t), as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the delivery volume flow QF (t) and thus the discharge volume flow QA (t) is greater than zero but small.
  • the speed of movement v-x (t) is greater than zero, but small.
  • the delivery volume flow QF (t) and thus the discharge volume flow QA (t) is greater than zero, in particular large.
  • the speed of movement v-x (t) is thus greater than zero, in particular large.
  • the delivery volume flow QF (t) and thus the discharge volume flow QA (t) is greater than zero but small.
  • the speed of movement v-x (t) is greater than zero, but small.
  • the delivery volume flow QF (t) and thus the discharge volume flow QA (t) are discontinuous or equal to zero.
  • the speed of movement v-x (t) is therefore discontinuous or equal to zero.
  • the pressure device 1 has a number of, in particular controllable, injection nozzles, in particular clocked high-pressure nozzles with a pressure greater than 10 bar, in particular greater than 100 bar, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 16.
  • the injection nozzles are designed for injecting, in particular for admixing or introducing, an additive, in particular concrete accelerator, in particular directly, into the building material BS before it is discharged or exited.
  • the number of injection nozzles is arranged in the first circumferential direction z above the extruder nozzle 5 or the circumferential wall 7d and / or behind the extruder nozzle 5, and in particular the deflection device 9, against the discharge or exit direction -x.
  • This, in particular the arrangement makes it possible to have the smallest possible amount of activated building material, in particular concrete, in the printing device 1 or to have to dispose of it during pumping pauses or interruptions in the printing process.
  • control device 24 is designed to control the number of injection nozzles as a function of data DBWT of the structural part BWT to be printed.
  • the invention provides an advantageous printing method for forming a continuous strand of building material for 3D printing a structural part by means of a printing system and a printing system for forming a continuous strand of building material for 3D printing a structural part ready, which, in particular in each case, has improved properties, in particular allows more freedom.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'impression pour façonner une barre (ST) de matière de construction (BS) pour une impression 3D d'une pièce de construction (BWT) au moyen d'un système d'impression (20). Ce système d'impression (20) comprend : un dispositif d'impression (1), ce dispositif d'impression (1) étant conçu pour évacuer de la matière de construction (BS) contenue dans le dispositif d'impression (1) et pour façonner la matière de construction (BS) en vue de former une barre (ST) de matière de construction (BS), et une pompe à matière de construction (23) discontinue, cette pompe à matière de construction (23) discontinue étant conçue pour refouler la matière de construction (BS) de manière discontinue, de façon à évacuer cette matière de construction (BS) de manière discontinue hors du dispositif d'impression (1). Le procédé d'impression selon l'invention comprend les étapes consistant : a) à refouler la matière de construction (BS) de manière discontinue au moyen de la pompe à matière de construction (23) discontinue et à évacuer cette matière de construction (BS) de manière discontinue hors du dispositif d'impression (1) et à façonner la matière de construction (BS) transportée au moyen du dispositif d'impression (1), et b) à déplacer le dispositif d'impression (1) de manière discontinue pendant le processus de refoulement discontinu et d'évacuation discontinue, de manière que la matière de construction (BS) évacuée et façonnée forme une barre continue (ST) de matière de construction (BS).
EP20714565.7A 2019-03-27 2020-03-25 Procédé d'impression et système d'impression Withdrawn EP3947860A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102019204244.9A DE102019204244A1 (de) 2019-03-27 2019-03-27 Druckverfahren und Drucksystem
PCT/EP2020/058311 WO2020193611A1 (fr) 2019-03-27 2020-03-25 Procédé d'impression et système d'impression

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EP3947860A1 true EP3947860A1 (fr) 2022-02-09

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US (1) US20220193946A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3947860A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2022526538A (fr)
KR (1) KR20210143826A (fr)
CN (1) CN113939634A (fr)
AU (1) AU2020249438A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA3133420A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102019204244A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020193611A1 (fr)

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DE102022103988A1 (de) 2022-02-21 2023-08-24 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Verfahren zur Konditionierung einer Oberfläche eines schmelztauchbeschichteten Stahlblechs
DE102022211081A1 (de) * 2022-10-19 2024-04-25 Putzmeister Engineering Gmbh Verfahren und System zum Betreiben eines Baustoffsystems

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DE2933128C2 (de) * 1979-08-16 1985-09-26 Friedrich Wilh. Schwing Gmbh, 4690 Herne Dickstoffpumpe, insbesondere zur Förderung von Beton
US8801415B2 (en) * 2005-01-21 2014-08-12 University Of Southern California Contour crafting extrusion nozzles
GB201118807D0 (en) * 2011-11-01 2011-12-14 Univ Loughborough Method and apparatus
US10857694B2 (en) * 2015-06-10 2020-12-08 Apis Cor Engineering, Llc 3-D printer on active framework
US10780637B2 (en) * 2015-06-10 2020-09-22 Apis Cor Engineering, Llc 3-D printer in polar coordinates
US20180250850A1 (en) * 2016-06-01 2018-09-06 Apis Cor Engineering, Llc Composite material for 3d printing produced by pultrusion method
FR3067637B1 (fr) * 2017-06-14 2020-08-14 Xtreee Systeme d'extrusion de cordons de materiau cimentaire pour robot de fabrication additive de structures architecturales
KR101948547B1 (ko) * 2017-11-06 2019-02-15 한국건설기술연구원 시멘트계 재료의 상하층 결합 강화 및 형상 제어 기능을 가지는 건설구조물 구축용 3d 프린팅 노즐 및 이를 구비한 3d 프린팅 장치

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WO2020193611A1 (fr) 2020-10-01
DE102019204244A1 (de) 2020-10-01
CN113939634A (zh) 2022-01-14
CA3133420A1 (fr) 2020-10-01
JP2022526538A (ja) 2022-05-25
US20220193946A1 (en) 2022-06-23
KR20210143826A (ko) 2021-11-29
AU2020249438A1 (en) 2021-10-28

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