EP3941654A1 - Kühlung von flachem walzgut ohne nachlaufen des headers - Google Patents
Kühlung von flachem walzgut ohne nachlaufen des headersInfo
- Publication number
- EP3941654A1 EP3941654A1 EP20711872.0A EP20711872A EP3941654A1 EP 3941654 A1 EP3941654 A1 EP 3941654A1 EP 20711872 A EP20711872 A EP 20711872A EP 3941654 A1 EP3941654 A1 EP 3941654A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- outlet
- cooling
- tubes
- section
- opening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0203—Cooling
- B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
- B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
- B21B45/0218—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes for strips, sheets, or plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
- B05C11/10—Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
- B05C11/1002—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0203—Cooling
- B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
- B21B45/0215—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes
- B21B45/0233—Spray nozzles, Nozzle headers; Spray systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
- C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
- B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
Definitions
- the present invention is based on a device for cooling a flat rolling stock made of metal with a liquid one
- the device having at least one cooling beam arranged above the conveying path to which the liquid
- Coolant is supplied via a supply line
- cooling beam extends essentially transversely to the transport direction and has a plurality of outlet tubes
- the outlet tubes each having an inlet opening and an outlet opening
- the respective outlet tube viewed in the direction of flow of the liquid coolant, has an upwardly extending initial section starting from the inlet opening, an adjoining middle section and an adjoining, downwardly extending end section extending up to the outlet opening, so that the Central section holds a vertex at which the coolant flowing through the respective outlet tube reaches a highest point.
- Such a device is for example from DE 199
- a metallic fla ches rolling stock is cooled after rolling.
- the flat rolling stock can consist of steel or aluminum, for example. It can be a strip or heavy plate as required.
- Exact temperature control in the cooling section is customary in order to set the desired material properties and keep them constant with a lower degree of variation.
- several cooling beams are installed along the cooling section for this purpose, by means of which a liquiddemit tel, usually water, is applied to the flat rolling stock to cool the hot rolling stock, at least from above, often from above and below becomes.
- outlet tubes only a simple switching of the outlet tubes (fully open or fully closed) is possible, but not continuous control.
- Another solution is to design the outlet tubes as straight tubes that protrude from below into the cooling bar and there reach a significant height so that they end in the upper area of the cooling bar. Also at With this solution, however, there is a noticeable run-on of coolant when the cooling bar is switched off. This solution only leads to good results in the case of intensive cooling, in which high pressures are used.
- the object of the present invention is to create possibilities by means of which the after-run of coolant can be limited to an unavoidable minimum with simple measures.
- a device of the type mentioned at the beginning is designed in that the outlet openings are located above the cooling bar and that a height distance of the inlet opening from the apex is at least twice as large, in particular at least three times as large as a height distance of the outlet opening from the apex.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that immediately after the supply of coolant to the chilled beam is switched off, an equilibrium state exists, but this equilibrium state is unstable. At the slightest disturbance of this equilibrium state - and such disturbances always occur in practice - the liquid coolant runs out of some of the outlet tubes, while air is sucked in through the other outlet tubes. The quantities of liquid coolant that move through the outlet tubes are initially accelerated. The acceleration increases until the air drawn in via the other outlet tubes reaches the apex of the respective off
- step tube reached. Thereafter, the moving amounts of liquid coolant are accelerated further. However, the amount of acceleration decreases. The acceleration reaches the value zero when the sucked in air reaches the same height in the initial section as the outlet opening of the respective outlet tube. This level represents a further, but in contrast to the first mentioned state of equilibrium, a stable state of equilibrium.
- the inlet openings of the outlet tubes are above the stated level for approx. 1.5 hours or 2 hours below the outlet opening of the respective outlet tube, air can enter the cooling beam as a result. This leads to an increased after-run of the coolant. If, on the other hand, the inlet openings of the outlet tubes are at least at or below the stated level of approx. 1.5 h or 2 h below the outlet opening of the respective outlet tube, the vibrations remain limited to the quantities of coolant in the outlet tubes. Only these very small quantities can still run.
- the outlet tubes are preferably placed on the top of the cooling bar.
- the initial sections of the outlet tubes preferably protrude at least partially into the cooling beam.
- the overall height of the cooling beam including the exit tube can be kept as low as possible.
- the initial sections preferably run vertically.
- the middle sections are preferably curved and each extend over an angle of curvature of 150 ° to 180 °.
- the length of the end section is preferably 0.
- the overall overall height of the cooling beam including from
- the outlet tubes preferably each have - in particular in the area of their inlet openings - a flow resistance the stand up. As a result, the vertical length of the initial sections in particular can be kept small.
- the respective flow resistance is preferably detachably connected to the respective outlet tube. In this way, on the one hand, it is also possible to subsequently adapt the flow resistance if necessary. Furthermore, the flow resistances can also be exchanged if they are calcified or otherwise clogged, for example after prolonged operation.
- outlet tubes it is possible for the outlet tubes to have vent bores, particularly in their central sections. Usually, however, this is not necessary.
- FIG. 1 shows a section of a cooling section from above
- FIG. 2 shows the cooling beam from FIG. 1 from the front
- FIG. 3 shows a section through the cooling beam from FIG
- a flat rolling stock 1 is to be cooled in a cooling section.
- the flat rolling stock 1 consists of Metal, whereby the term “metal” in the context of the present invention is also intended to include common, widespread alloys.
- the flat rolling stock 1 can consist of steel or aluminum.
- the flat rolled stock 1 can be, for example, a strip or a heavy plate.
- the cooling section can, for example, be arranged on the outlet side of a multi-stand finishing train.
- the flat rolling stock 1 is conveyed through the cooling section in a transport direction x.
- the cooling section has a conveying section on which the flat rolling stock 1 is conveyed.
- the transport rollers 2 of the conveyor line is shown, and this is only shown in FIG.
- At least onedebal ken 3 is available.
- the cooling beam 3 is arranged above the conveyor line.
- the cooling beam 3 is supplied via a Versor supply line 4, a liquid coolant 5 with which the flat rolling stock 1 is to be cooled.
- cooling bars can also be arranged below the cooling section, by means of which the liquid coolant 5 is applied to the flat rolling stock 1 from below.
- these cooling bars are not the subject of the present invention. The following explanations on the mechanical and structural design of the cooling beams 3 therefore always relate to the cooling beams 3 above the conveying path.
- the cooling beam 3 extends essentially transversely to the transport direction x, that is, in a transverse direction y.
- the width b of the cooling beam 3 in the transverse direction y is generally between 1 m and 2 m. But it can also be above or below.
- the liquiddemit tel 5 is usually water or at least consists essentially of water (at least 98% proportion).
- a pressure with which the coolant 5 is fed to the cooling beam 3 is generally between 0 bar and 2 bar, mostly around 0.8 bar.
- the cooling bar 3 is a laminar cooling bar in this case.
- the cooling beam 3 has a plurality of outlet tubes 6.
- the outlet tubes 6 each have an inlet opening 7 and an outlet opening 8.
- the Ausittsöff openings 8 are located above the cooling beam 3, ie above half of the uppermost point of the cooling beam 3.
- a height distance hO of the outlet openings 8 from the top of the cooling beam 3 should be at least 5 cm.
- the outlet tubes 6 usually form two rows, the two rows extending in the transverse direction y. In some cases there is only one row or there are more than two rows. If there are several rows, the rows are spaced from one another in the transport direction x. Several outlet tubes 6 are always present within the respective row. In many cases there are at least 10, sometimes even 20 outlet tubes 6 and more.
- a distance a between the outlet tubes 6 is generally between about 4 cm and 5 cm.
- An inside diameter d of the outlet tubes 6 - see in particular FIG. 5 - is generally between approximately 10 mm and approximately 20 mm.
- the outlet tubes 6 are usually formed in the same way. In the following, therefore, only a single one of the outlet tubes 6 is explained in more detail with reference to FIG.
- analogous statements apply due to the similar training.
- the outlet tube 6 is designed such that the liquid coolant 5 enters the outlet tube 6 from the cooling beam 3 via the inlet opening 7 of the outlet tube 6. In the simplest case, entry takes place directly from below.
- the coolant 5 flows in an initial section 9 upwards.
- the starting section 9 can in particular run vertically.
- a middle section 10 adjoins the starting section 9. In the middle section 10, the liquid coolant 5 is deflected so that it - flows downwards - completely or at least essentially.
- the middle section 10 can be curved with a uniform radius of curvature r, the curvature angle a covered by the middle section 10 generally being at least 150 ° and a maximum of 180 °.
- An end section 11 adjoins the middle section 10.
- the end section 11 extends to the outlet opening 8.
- the liquid coolant 5 flows downwards, ideally vertically downwards.
- the coolant 5 then exits the outlet tube 6 downwards and falls from above onto the flat rolled stock 1.
- the end section 11 can be longer or shorter. The shorter the end section 11 can be kept, the better. In the extreme case, the length of the end section 11 can be 0, so that the end section 11 is omitted as a result. As a result, this means that the outlet opening 8 can directly adjoin the middle section 10. This is not critical in that the coolant 5 already flows from top to bottom in the area of the middle section 10 facing away from the starting section 9.
- the middle section 10 contains an apex 12 at which the coolant 5 flowing through the outlet tube 6 has a highest point reached. At the vertex 12, the coolant flows 5 horizontally.
- the apex 12 can, for example, correspond to the lowest point of the inner cross section of the outlet tube 6 at this point, the uppermost point of the inner cross section of the outlet tube 6 at this point or a point in between - especially in the middle.
- Both the inlet opening 7 and the outlet opening 8 are located below the apex 12.
- a height distance hl of the inlet opening 7 from the apex 12 is greater than a height distance h2 of the outlet opening 8 from the apex 12.
- the height distance hl is at least twice that as large as the height distance h2, for example 2.5 times as large. Preferably it is at least three times as large.
- the outlet tubes 6 are not only similar Brass det, but also arranged uniformly.
- the phrase “uniformly arranged” is intended to mean that the vertices 12 are at a uniform height level, that the height distances h1 are equal to one another and that the height distances h2 are equal to one another.
- the inlet openings 7 are thus also at a uniform height level.
- the exit openings 8. For example, the vertices 12 can be approx. 15 cm above the upper edge of the cooling bar 3, the exit openings 8 approx. 7.5 cm above the upper edge of the cooling bar 3 and the entry openings 7 approx. 15 cm below the upper edge of the cooling beam 3.
- the numerical values mentioned are only to be understood as examples. If the numerical values mentioned are implemented, the ratio of the height distances h1, h2 to one another is still 4: 1.
- the outlet tubes 6 are placed on the upper side of the cooling bar 3 as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- the phrase "placed on the top” is intended to mean that the outlet tubes 6 enter the cooling beam 3 from above. However, this is not intended to mean that the outlet tubes 6 are on the top of the cooling beam. bar 3 ends. Although this is possible, it is preferred, as shown in FIG. 3, that the starting sections 9 of the outlet tubes 6 protrude at least partially into the cooling beam 3. Specifically, the outlet tubes 6 should protrude into the cooling beam 3 as far as possible. This is particularly true because this way the ratio of the height distances h1, h2 to one another can be maximized without increasing the overall height of the cooling beam 3 including the outlet tubes 6.
- the outlet tubes 6 it is possible for the outlet tubes 6 to have a uniform cross section over their entire extent, that is to say from the starting section 9 to the end section 11.
- the outlet tubes 6 each have a flow resistance 13 in accordance with the illustration in FIG.
- the flow resistance 13 acts individually for the respective outlet tube 6. It reduces the available cross section of the respective outlet tube 6.
- the available cross section of the respective outlet tube 6 in the area of the flow resistance 13 can be between 20% and 80% of the cross section of the respective outlet tube 6 in remaining area.
- the cross section remaining in the area of the flow resistance 13 is usually between 40% and 60% of the cross section in the remaining area of the respective outlet tube 6.
- the flow resistance can be arranged in accordance with the illustration in FIG.
- the respective flow resistance 13 is preferably detachably connected to the respective outlet tube 6.
- the respective flow resistance 13 can be connected to the respective outlet tube 6 via a screw connection 14 as shown in FIG. 5, in particular screwed into the respective outlet tube 6.
- the outlet tubes 6 are usually - with the exception of the respective inlet opening 7 and the respective outlet Opening 8 - closed. It is, however, possible that the outlet tube 6 according to the illustration in FIG. 6 - preferably in its central sections 10 - have vent holes 15.
- the ventilation bores 15, if they are present, are arranged on the upper side of the central sections 10 and preferably in the vicinity of the respective apex 12. As a rule, however, the vent holes 15 are not required.
- a control valve 16 is arranged in the supply line 4. By means of the control valve 16, the Men ge of liquid coolant 5 supplied to the cooling beam 3 can be adjusted.
- An actuating device 17 is assigned to the control valve 16 as shown in FIG.
- the control valve 16 can be transferred from the fully open position to the fully closed position and vice versa.
- the present invention has many advantages. In particular, it is achieved that after the supply of coolant 5 to the cooling beam 3 has been switched off, only the amount of coolant 5 that is already in the outlet tube 6 can run out of the outlet tube 6. In practice, this amount is usually a maximum of 1 liter and is thus a full order of magnitude (ie a factor of 10) smaller than in the prior art. Furthermore, no air from the environment can get into the cooling beam 3. The amount of coolant 5 supplied to the cooling beam 3 can be set very precisely.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102019106730.8A DE102019106730A1 (de) | 2019-03-18 | 2019-03-18 | Kühlung von flachem Walzgut ohne Nachlaufen des Headers |
PCT/EP2020/056872 WO2020187749A1 (de) | 2019-03-18 | 2020-03-13 | Kühlung von flachem walzgut ohne nachlaufen des headers |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3941654A1 true EP3941654A1 (de) | 2022-01-26 |
EP3941654B1 EP3941654B1 (de) | 2024-07-24 |
EP3941654C0 EP3941654C0 (de) | 2024-07-24 |
Family
ID=68886117
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20711872.0A Active EP3941654B1 (de) | 2019-03-18 | 2020-03-13 | Kühlung von flachem walzgut ohne nachlaufen des headers |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11548044B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3941654B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN113543902A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102019106730A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020187749A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5832511A (ja) * | 1981-08-21 | 1983-02-25 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | 厚鋼板の冷却方法 |
US4497180A (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1985-02-05 | National Steel Corporation | Method and apparatus useful in cooling hot strip |
JPH0515364Y2 (de) * | 1988-03-19 | 1993-04-22 | ||
JPH0459115A (ja) * | 1990-06-28 | 1992-02-26 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 金属ストリップの冷却方法 |
JPH08252623A (ja) * | 1995-03-17 | 1996-10-01 | Nkk Corp | ラミナーフロー用管状ノズル |
DE19843038B4 (de) * | 1998-09-19 | 2006-10-12 | Sms Demag Ag | Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von Walzgut innerhalb der Kühlstrecke einer Walzanlage zur laminarern Bandkühlung |
DE19934557C2 (de) | 1999-07-22 | 2002-10-24 | Thyssenkrupp Stahl Ag | Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von auf einer Förderstrecke geförderten Metallbändern oder -blechen |
US7523631B2 (en) * | 2002-08-08 | 2009-04-28 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Cooling device, manufacturing method, and manufacturing line for hot rolled steel band |
WO2008139632A1 (ja) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-11-20 | Nippon Steel Corporation | 鋼板の制御冷却装置および冷却方法 |
DE102010049020B4 (de) | 2010-10-21 | 2015-02-19 | Cmi M+W Engineering Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Kühlen von auf einer Förderstrecke geförderten Metallbändern oder -blechen |
CN202366967U (zh) * | 2011-08-31 | 2012-08-08 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 在线可调节的热轧水冷遮蔽槽装置 |
DE102012223848A1 (de) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | Sms Siemag Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Kühlen von Walzgut |
JP5825250B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-25 | 2015-12-02 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 熱延鋼帯の冷却方法および冷却装置 |
EP2783766A1 (de) * | 2013-03-25 | 2014-10-01 | Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH | Kühlstrecke mit unterem Spritzbalken |
EP2898963A1 (de) * | 2014-01-28 | 2015-07-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Kühlstrecke mit zweifacher Kühlung auf eine jeweilige Sollgröße |
CN204448851U (zh) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-07-08 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | 一种轧钢生产线层流冷却侧吹边部喷淋装置 |
DE102017206540A1 (de) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-10-18 | Sms Group Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Kühlen von Metallbändern oder -blechen |
CN207592446U (zh) | 2017-12-15 | 2018-07-10 | 二重(德阳)重型装备有限公司 | 新型铝合金加密去离子水冷装备 |
-
2019
- 2019-03-18 DE DE102019106730.8A patent/DE102019106730A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-03-13 EP EP20711872.0A patent/EP3941654B1/de active Active
- 2020-03-13 US US17/440,938 patent/US11548044B2/en active Active
- 2020-03-13 WO PCT/EP2020/056872 patent/WO2020187749A1/de active Application Filing
- 2020-03-13 CN CN202080022338.0A patent/CN113543902A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN113543902A (zh) | 2021-10-22 |
WO2020187749A1 (de) | 2020-09-24 |
EP3941654B1 (de) | 2024-07-24 |
EP3941654C0 (de) | 2024-07-24 |
US20220088658A1 (en) | 2022-03-24 |
US11548044B2 (en) | 2023-01-10 |
DE102019106730A1 (de) | 2020-01-02 |
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