EP3918937B1 - Masque de protection - Google Patents

Masque de protection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3918937B1
EP3918937B1 EP20178110.1A EP20178110A EP3918937B1 EP 3918937 B1 EP3918937 B1 EP 3918937B1 EP 20178110 A EP20178110 A EP 20178110A EP 3918937 B1 EP3918937 B1 EP 3918937B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
mask
wing
base section
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20178110.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3918937A1 (fr
Inventor
Rachid Ainceri
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Spinnprotect Ug
Original Assignee
Spinnprotect Ug
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Spinnprotect Ug filed Critical Spinnprotect Ug
Priority to EP20178110.1A priority Critical patent/EP3918937B1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2021/062337 priority patent/WO2021244825A1/fr
Publication of EP3918937A1 publication Critical patent/EP3918937A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3918937B1 publication Critical patent/EP3918937B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
    • A41D13/1107—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres characterised by their shape
    • A41D13/113—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres characterised by their shape with a vertical fold or weld
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B23/00—Filters for breathing-protection purposes
    • A62B23/02—Filters for breathing-protection purposes for respirators
    • A62B23/025—Filters for breathing-protection purposes for respirators the filter having substantially the shape of a mask
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
    • A41D13/1161—Means for fastening to the user's head

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a protective mask, in particular a mouth and nose protective mask, and such a protective mask.
  • Protective masks are half-face masks that usually cover at least the mouth and nose. They are made of one or more layers of paper or fleece and are usually fixed to the back of the head or behind the ears of a wearer or person by means of ribbons, for example rubber bands.
  • a deformable metal bracket can be provided on an upper edge, with which the protective mask can be adapted to the bridge of the nose in order to keep the field of vision free and to limit the upward escape of breathing air.
  • the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose are potential entry points for pathogens, so a protective mask that covers the mouth and nose protects the wearer from foreign microorganisms and pathogens. Conversely, the protective mask protects other people from droplet infection from droplets emitted by the wearer when speaking and coughing.
  • DE 298 06473 U1 shows a face mask made from two separate parts from a sheet of material.
  • the two parts are identical to one another and each have a base section and a side section which is integrally connected to the base section.
  • the base portions of the two pieces are joined together along a front edge.
  • the base section is used to cover the mouth and nose.
  • the side sections with loops each extend to the rear in order to be able to fasten the protective mask behind the ears.
  • EP 1 575 388 B1 discloses a face mask stamped from a strip of material.
  • the face mask has a main part covering the nose and mouth, and two extension parts running to the left and right of the main part, which are guided along the side of the head and have openings with which the face mask can be held behind the ears.
  • a similar face mask is in the US 4084 585 A1 disclosed.
  • U.S. 6,615,838 B1 shows a protective mask made in one piece from an elastic material.
  • the protective mask is folded on top of itself along a central edge, which edge merges into v-shaped cutouts of the mask at two opposite ends.
  • the edges of the V-shaped cut-outs lie on top of each other and can be connected to form a shape that adapts to the shape of the head.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a protective mask and a method for its production which are simple and inexpensive.
  • the advantage is that by cutting out a contour part from the double-layer material mat, two halves of the mask for the protective mask can be cut out in a single process step. It is also possible to cut the wing section in the same process step in which the contour part is cut out. This makes the process even more efficient and cost-effective.
  • a further increase in efficiency is achieved in that the material layers are connected to one another at the front edge while they are still lying on top of one another and forming the material mat.
  • the material layers of the wing section can also be connected to one another in the same process step, for example by gluing or welding.
  • cutting rollers can be used, by means of which the contour part is cut out or separated out of the material mat made of material layers in strip form.
  • the cutting rollers can also be designed as ultra-welding rollers, so that the individual material layers can be connected at the same time as the cutting. All process steps are thus completed in one step, so that the protective masks can be produced particularly easily and inexpensively.
  • known filter materials can be used as the flat material, such as a fibrous material made of, for example, a non-woven fleece material.
  • the flat material can be constructed in one layer or also be made of several layers of different materials.
  • the joint for connecting the wing section may be in the form of a line. It can be arranged parallel to the connecting line.
  • the two layers of material are separated from one another at their unconnected points.
  • the material layers remain connected to one another at the front edge and form a common base section of the protective mask for covering, for example, the mouth and nose of a wearer. Since the material layers of the wing section are connected to one another, they form a bridge between the two material layers of the side section, which thus remain connected to one another via the wing section.
  • the layers of material of the wing section can be folded over in the direction of the layers of material of the base section and can come into flat contact with it.
  • the protective mask is therefore at least double-layered in the area of the base section. Towards the outside, the layers of material of the base section form a first layer and towards the inside, the layers of material of the wing section form a second layer.
  • an additional section can be cut into the contour part, which remains integral with the base section and extends towards the rear of the contour part.
  • the plies of material of the supplemental section may be folded onto the plies of material of the base section or the wing section.
  • the protective mask is thus formed in three layers in the area of the base section. Towards the outside, the layers of material of the base section form the first layer.
  • the layers of material of the wing section and the additional section then rest on the inside of the base section. Either the layers of material of the wing section lie directly against those of the base section and the layers of material of the additional section are arranged on the very inside, or the layers of material of the additional section are arranged between those of the base section and the wing section.
  • the wing portion may be cut out of the side portion such that an opening is formed in the side portion. This opening is used to secure the protective mask behind the wearer's ears.
  • the wing section can be cut out of the side section in such a way that band sections are formed on the side section. These can be passed behind the wearer's head and knotted there for attachment.
  • a protective mask that has two mask halves each made of a material layer made of a flat material, the mask halves each having a base portion and a side portion integrally connected to the base portion, and wherein the base portions of the two mask halves are connected to each other at a front side of the protective mask along a front edge.
  • a wing section is cut into each of the side sections, which is integrally connected to the respective base section along a connecting line and lies flat against the base section, the wing sections of both mask halves being connected to one another.
  • the protective mask is therefore double-layered in the area of the base section.
  • the base sections of the mask halves form a first layer and on the inside, the wing sections of the mask halves form a second layer.
  • the mask halves can each have an additional section which is integrally connected to the base section. These additional sections of the two mask halves are connected to one another along a front edge which merges into the front edge of the base section. The additional sections lie flat against the base section and/or the wing section of the respective mask half.
  • the protective mask is thus formed in three layers in the area of the base section.
  • the base sections of the mask halves form the first layer.
  • the wing sections and the additional sections of the mask halves then lie on the inside against the base sections. Either the wing sections abut directly against the base sections and the additional sections are arranged innermost, or the additional sections are arranged between the base sections and the wing sections.
  • figure 1 shows a schematic of a production plant for the production of protective masks 1.
  • a first material layer 2 made of a flat material in the form of a strip is unwound from a first material roll 3.
  • a second layer of material 4 made of a flat material in strip form is unwound from a second roll of material 5 .
  • the sheet material can be a fibrous material, such as a non-woven material.
  • the layers of material 2, 4 are constructed in one layer. In principle, however, they can also be multi-layered.
  • the two layers of material 2, 4 are placed one on top of the other and form a double-layered material mat 6.
  • Deflection rollers or rollers (not shown here) can be used for this purpose.
  • the mat of material 6 is pulled off in a direction A between an upper cutting and welding roller 7 and a lower cutting and welding roller 8, between which the material mat 6 is rolled.
  • the cutting and welding rollers 7, 8 each have cutting edges for cutting out protective masks 1 on their peripheral surfaces. Furthermore, on the peripheral surfaces of the cutting and welding rollers 7, 8, welding bars or welding projections are arranged in order to weld the material layers 2, 4 to one another at predetermined points or areas, in particular by means of ultrasonic welding.
  • the protective masks 1 are cut out one after the other, viewed in the removal direction A.
  • figure 2 shows a further embodiment of a production plant according to FIG figure 1 , in which case several rows of protective masks 1 are arranged next to one another transversely to the removal direction A, so that in the example shown three protective masks 1 are cut out simultaneously next to one another.
  • the production plant is in accordance with figure 1 conforms to the manufacturing facility figure 1 , wherein corresponding components are provided with the same reference numbers and are described there.
  • figure 3 shows a top view of a contour part 9 for a first embodiment of a protective mask.
  • the contour part 9 comprises two mask halves 10 which lie one on top of the other.
  • the view shown shows one of the mask halves 10 for the left side of the protective mask.
  • the other half of the mask is directly underneath.
  • the two mask halves 10 are designed identically, so that the visible left mask half 10 is described below as representative of both mask halves.
  • the mask half 10 has been severed from a sheet of material as described above.
  • the mask half 10 has a base portion 11 and a side portion 12 integrally connected to the base portion 11 .
  • the base sections 11 of the two superimposed mask halves 10 are connected to one another on a front side 13 along a front edge 14, for example by ultrasonic welding.
  • Cut into the side portion 12 is a wing portion 15 which is integrally connected along a bond line 16 to the base portion.
  • a cutting line 17 is cut into the side section 12 for this purpose.
  • the cutting line 17 starts at a starting point 18 and runs in an arc in the direction of a rear side 20 facing away from the front side 13 and back in the direction of the front side 13 and finally ends in an end point 19. So that the cutting line 17 does not unintentionally tear at the starting point 18 and at the end point 19 , the starting point 18 and the end point 19 are designed as holes that are widened in relation to the line of intersection 17 .
  • the connecting line 16 is an imaginary line from the starting point 18 to the end point 19.
  • the connecting line 16 can also, as in the exemplary embodiment shown, be designed as an embossing in the material.
  • the wing section 15 is cut off toward the rear side 20 , resulting in an opening 21 .
  • the opening 21 serves to hold the protective mask 9 behind the wearer's ears.
  • two arcuate cuts 31, 32 are cut into the side section 12 towards the rear 20, at which the side sections 12 can alternatively be attached to the wearer's eyes.
  • the wing sections 15 of the two mask halves 10 lying on top of one another are connected to one another along a linear connection point 24 .
  • the mask half 10 also has an additional section 22 which is integrally connected to the base section 11 .
  • the additional sections 22 of the two mask halves 10 lying on top of one another are connected to one another along a front edge 23 which merges into the front edge 14 of the base section 11 .
  • the layers of material of the two mask halves 10 are separated from one another at the points where they are not connected to one another.
  • the two mask halves 10 are connected to one another at the front edge 14 and form a common base section of the protective mask for covering the mouth and nose of a wearer. Since the layers of material of the wing sections 15 are also connected to one another, they form a bridge between the two layers of material of the side sections 12. The side sections 12 thus remain on the Wing sections 15 connected to each other.
  • the interconnected wing sections 15 of the two mask halves 10 are folded over in the direction of the base sections 11 and can come into surface contact with them.
  • the base portions 11 and the wing portions 15 form two layers of the protective mask.
  • the additional sections which are connected to each other along the respective front edge 23, are folded towards the base sections 11 and the folded wing sections 15.
  • the protective mask is therefore designed in three layers in this area.
  • connecting line 16 is designed as an embossing in the material, the folding over of the wing sections 15 towards the base sections 11 is facilitated.
  • a corresponding impression 33 can also be provided between the additional sections 22 and the base sections 11 of the mask halves 10 in order to facilitate the folding over of the additional sections 22 .
  • figure 4 shows a top view of a contour part 9 for a second embodiment of a protective mask.
  • Features that correspond to features of the first embodiment of a protective mask are provided with the same reference symbols and are described there.
  • an upper strap section 25 and a lower strap section 26 are formed, with the upper strap sections 25 of the mask halves 10 lying on top of each other being able to be knotted behind the head of a wearer in order to protect the protective mask 9 to attach to the head.
  • the lower strap sections 26 of the superimposed mask halves 10 can be knotted behind the head of a wearer.
  • figure 5 shows a plan view of a contour part 9 for a third embodiment of a protective mask.
  • Features that correspond to features of the first or second embodiment of a protective mask are provided with the same reference numbers and described there.
  • the upper strap section 25 and the lower strap section 26 are shorter.
  • the upper strap section 25 and the lower strap section 26 of each mask half 10 are knotted behind an ear of a wearer.
  • figure 6 shows a plan view of a contour part 9 for a fourth embodiment of a protective mask.
  • Features that correspond to features of the first three embodiments of a protective mask are provided with the same reference symbols and are described there.
  • the contour part 9 is initially designed like that of the first embodiment. It thus forms an opening 21 in the side portion 12 for holding the protective mask against the ears of the wearer. Furthermore, a strap section 25 is formed on the rear side 20, with the strap sections 25 of the mask halves 10 lying on top of each other being able to be knotted behind the head of a wearer in addition or as an alternative to fastening via the openings 21. For this purpose, the strap section 25 is separated from the side section 12 by a cut 34 and connected to it only on the rear side 20 , so that the strap section can be guided backwards in the direction of the rear side 20 .
  • figure 7 shows a top view of a contour part 9 for a fifth embodiment of a protective mask.
  • Features that correspond to features of the first embodiment of a protective mask are provided with the same reference symbols and are described there.
  • the mask half 10 is basically designed like that of the first embodiment, but unlike the first embodiment, it has no cuts 31, 32 for adjusting to different head sizes.
  • the two mask halves 10 are joined by a special form of a connecting seam 35 the front edge 14 of the base parts 11 and the front edge 23 of the additional sections 22 are connected to one another.
  • the connecting seam 35 has a variable width transversely to the longitudinal extension along the front edges 14, 23. In the front area on the front side 13 the connecting seam 35 has a greater width than in the other areas in order to ensure the most reliable possible connection of the two mask halves 10 on the front side 13 .
  • the connecting seam From the front 13 in the direction of the side section 12, the connecting seam has a smaller width or tapers continuously (not shown).
  • a web-shaped section 36 of the connecting seam 35 with a significantly greater width is arranged between the wider area of the connecting seam on the front side 13 and the area that runs out in the direction of the side section 12 .
  • the protective mask can now be adapted to different head sizes in that the connecting seam 35 between the two mask halves 10 is torn apart starting from the side sections 12 in the direction of the front side 13 or the bar-shaped section 36 .
  • the connecting seam 35 is preferably designed in such a way that it can be pulled apart or torn apart without destroying the material.
  • the web-shaped section 36 is provided, when it is reached a significantly greater force is required in order to separate the connecting seam 35 . Thus, reaching this point can be clearly felt by the wearer.
  • connection seam 35 can be, for example, an ultra-weld seam or an adhesive seam.
  • FIG figure 8 shows the head 27 of a person or a wearer in a side view with a protective mask 1 according to the fifth embodiment according to FIG figure 7 .
  • the wing section 15 is folded over forwards in the direction of the base section 11 .
  • the auxiliary portion 22 is folded down and forward toward the base portion 11 .
  • the wing section 15 can lie directly flat against the base section 11, in which case the additional section 22 then lies directly flat against the back of the wing section 15, or the wing section 15 lies directly flat on the base section 11 above the additional section 22, so that the additional section 22 lies between the Base portion 11 and the wing portion 15 is arranged.
  • a three-layer structure of the protective mask 9 is thus achieved in the area of the mouth.
  • FIG 6 shows a perspective view of a dispenser box 27 for protective masks 1.
  • the protective masks 1 are not, as in FIGS Figures 1 and 2 shown, completely separated from the material layers 2, 4, but wound up on a protective mask roll 29.
  • Two protective masks 1 arranged one behind the other are connected to one another along connecting edges 30, it being possible for the connecting edges 30 to be perforated, for example.
  • the protective masks 1 can be pulled out of the dispenser box 27 and unwound from the protective mask roll 29 and then severed along the connecting edge 30 .
  • Such a dispenser box 27 is particularly suitable for setting up in front of shops and office buildings.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé, destiné à fabriquer un masque de protection (1) comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    superposer deux couches (2, 4) de matière en une matière plane, pour créer une natte (6) de matière bicouches,
    découper dans la natte (6) de matière une pièce de contour (9) d'un masque de protection (1), la pièce de contour (9) comportant sur une face avant (13) un segment de base (11) et sur une face arrière (20) opposée à la face avant (13) un segment latéral (12) intégralement assemblé avec le segment de base (11),
    couper dans le segment latéral (12) un segment d'aile (15), le segment d'aile (15) restant intégralement assemblé avec le segment de base (11) le long d'une ligne d'assemblage (16) et s'étendant à partir de la ligne d'assemblage (16) en direction de la face arrière (20),
    assembler les couches (2, 4) de matière le long d'une arête antérieure (14) du segment de base (11), sur la face avant (13) de la pièce de contour (9), le procédé est caractérisé par l'assemblage des couches (2, 4) de matière du segment d'aile (15) sur un point d'assemblage (24) écarté de la ligne d'assemblage (16) .
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé
    en ce que pour l'assemblage des couches (2, 4) de matière, on les soude ou on les colle l'une à l'autre.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé
    en ce qu'en tant que matière plane, l'on utilise une matière fibreuse.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé
    en ce que le point d'assemblage (15) est conçu de forme linéaire.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on place le point d'assemblage (24) de forme linéaire à la parallèle de la ligne d'assemblage (16) .
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on sépare l'une de l'autre les deux couches (2, 4) de matière sur leurs points non assemblés ensemble.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on plie les couches (2, 4) de matière du segment d'aile (15) sur les couches (2, 4) de matière du segment de base (11).
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on coupe dans la pièce de contour (9) un segment supplémentaire (22) qui reste intégralement assemblé avec le segment de base (11) et qui s'étend en direction de la face arrière de la pièce de contour (9) .
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on plie les couches (2, 4) de matière du segment supplémentaire (22) sur les couches (2, 4) de matière du segment de base (11) ou du segment d'aile (15) .
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on coupe le segment d'aile (15) dans le segment latéral (12), de sorte à créer une ouverture (21) dans le segment latéral (12).
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on coupe le segment d'aile (15) dans le segment latéral (12), de sorte à créer des segments en bande (25, 26) sur le segment latéral (12).
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11,
    caractérisé
    en ce que l'on utilise en tant que couches (2, 4) de matière chaque fois des bandes de matière continues.
  13. Masque de protection, comprenant :
    deux demi-masques (10), constitués chacun d'une couche de matière (2, 4) en une matière plane, les demi-masques (10) comportant chacun un segment de base (11) et un segment latéral (12) intégralement assemblé avec le segment de base (11),
    les segments de base (11) des deux demi-masques (10) étant assemblés l'un à l'autre sur la face avant (13) du masque de protection (1), le long d'une arête antérieure (14),
    dans les segments latéraux (12) étant coupé chaque fois un segment d'aile (15), qui est intégralement assemblé le long d'une ligne d'assemblage (16) avec le segment de base (11) en question et qui s'appuie à pleine surface sur le segment de base (11),
    le masque de protection est caractérisé en ce que les segments d'aile (15) des deux demi-masques (10) sont assemblés l'un à l'autre.
  14. Masque de protection selon la revendication 13, caractérisé
    en ce que les demi-masques (10) comportent chacun un segment supplémentaire (22) intégralement assemblé avec le segment de base (11),
    en ce que les segments supplémentaires (22) des deux demi-masques (10) sont assemblés l'un à l'autre le long d'une arête antérieure (23), qui passe dans l'arête antérieure (14) du segment de base (11), et en ce que les segments supplémentaires (22) sont adjacents à pleine surface au segment de base (11) et/ou au segment d'aile (15) des demi-masques (10) en question.
EP20178110.1A 2020-06-03 2020-06-03 Masque de protection Active EP3918937B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20178110.1A EP3918937B1 (fr) 2020-06-03 2020-06-03 Masque de protection
PCT/EP2021/062337 WO2021244825A1 (fr) 2020-06-03 2021-05-10 Masque de protection

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20178110.1A EP3918937B1 (fr) 2020-06-03 2020-06-03 Masque de protection

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3918937A1 EP3918937A1 (fr) 2021-12-08
EP3918937B1 true EP3918937B1 (fr) 2022-09-28

Family

ID=70977475

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20178110.1A Active EP3918937B1 (fr) 2020-06-03 2020-06-03 Masque de protection

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3918937B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021244825A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4084585A (en) 1977-01-12 1978-04-18 Venaleck Howard J Face mask
DE29806473U1 (de) 1998-04-08 1998-07-16 Chiu, Chun-Liang, Taipeh/T'ai-pei Wegwerfbare Atemschutzmaske
US6615838B1 (en) 2002-06-14 2003-09-09 De-Sheng Tsai Mask
US7032751B2 (en) 2002-12-19 2006-04-25 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Dispensing assembly for single piece face mask
CN1774282B (zh) * 2003-04-17 2010-05-05 朱桦 扁平可折叠的面罩及其制造方法
JP4373967B2 (ja) * 2005-07-08 2009-11-25 大王製紙株式会社 マスク
US20080035153A1 (en) * 2006-08-14 2008-02-14 Flora Lin Facemask roll and method for manufacturing the same

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Publication number Publication date
EP3918937A1 (fr) 2021-12-08
WO2021244825A1 (fr) 2021-12-09

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