EP3918357A1 - Subscriber of a communication system having a magnetic antenna - Google Patents
Subscriber of a communication system having a magnetic antennaInfo
- Publication number
- EP3918357A1 EP3918357A1 EP20702772.3A EP20702772A EP3918357A1 EP 3918357 A1 EP3918357 A1 EP 3918357A1 EP 20702772 A EP20702772 A EP 20702772A EP 3918357 A1 EP3918357 A1 EP 3918357A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- loop
- magnetic
- magnetic antenna
- subscriber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B1/713—Spread spectrum techniques using frequency hopping
- H04B1/7136—Arrangements for generation of hop frequencies, e.g. using a bank of frequency sources, using continuous tuning or using a transform
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/32—Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radio frequency signals
- G01R33/34—Constructional details, e.g. resonators, specially adapted to MR
- G01R33/34007—Manufacture of RF coils, e.g. using printed circuit board technology; additional hardware for providing mechanical support to the RF coil assembly or to part thereof, e.g. a support for moving the coil assembly relative to the remainder of the MR system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/32—Excitation or detection systems, e.g. using radio frequency signals
- G01R33/34—Constructional details, e.g. resonators, specially adapted to MR
- G01R33/341—Constructional details, e.g. resonators, specially adapted to MR comprising surface coils
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a subscriber of a communication system, and in particular, to a subscriber with a magnetic antenna. Further exemplary embodiments relate to an end point and a base station with a magnetic antenna. Some exemplary embodiments relate to an embodiment of a magnetic loop.
- Magnetic antennas are also known [1]. Due to the high quality, magnetic antennas are very narrow-band. Therefore, magnetic antennas z. B. when approaching metallic or dielectric objects to the desired frequency. It is possible to tune the magnetic antenna by hand or to operate it in a self-tuning manner.
- FIG. 1 a shows a schematic view of a magnetic antenna 10 which can be tuned manually by means of a variable capacitor 12, while FIG. 1 b shows an electrical equivalent circuit diagram and FIG. 1 c shows an antenna diagram of the magnetic antenna 10 [2],
- the magnetic antenna 10 comprises a primary coupling loop 14, which is fed via a 50 ohm coaxial cable 18, and a secondary resonant loop 16.
- the circumference of the secondary resonant loop 16 is typically less than 1/10 of the wavelength, while the primary coupling loop 14 typically has 1/5 the size of the secondary resonant loop 16.
- Manual tuning is common in the amateur radio sector. In the case of sensor nodes, self-tuning is desirable for ease of handling.
- the magnetic loop can be shortened several times, as is common in magnetic resonance imaging (MR) [3], [4].
- MR magnetic resonance imaging
- the proportion of the electric fields essentially depends on the wire length of the coil / loop compared to the wavelength. I.e. the electric field builds up along the conductor towards the resonance capacitance, as shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a loop 22 of a magnetic antenna 20, the electrical field 24 building up along the conductor of the loop 22 towards the resonance capacitance 26.
- MR local antennas are almost always designed as single-loop loops. Only at very low frequencies more than one turn is used, because otherwise the operating quality suffers more due to the extremely poor LC ratio due to the then very poor intrinsic quality than electrical field components would cause to the patient during operation. At ever higher frequencies, however, the one turn of the loop (loop) is already too long compared to the wavelength, whereby the loop size cannot be reduced arbitrarily, since this must be adapted to the examined body region of the patient). Therefore, this one turn is divided by several resonance capacitances (multiple capacitive shortening).
- the present invention has for its object to improve the positioning options of sensor nodes of wireless communication systems.
- Embodiments create a subscriber to a wireless communication system, the subscriber being a transmitter and / or receiver device [e.g. a transmitter, receiver or transceiver] and an antenna arrangement connected to the transmitting and / or receiving device, the antenna arrangement comprising a magnetic antenna with a single or multiple [e.g. at least twice] interrupted [e.g. divided] loop [e.g. Current loop].
- a transmitter and / or receiver device e.g. a transmitter, receiver or transceiver
- the antenna arrangement comprising a magnetic antenna with a single or multiple [e.g. at least twice] interrupted [e.g. divided] loop [e.g. Current loop].
- the loop may be through one or more capacitance elements [e.g. Capacitors, capacitance diodes] interrupted [e.g. divided].
- capacitance elements e.g. Capacitors, capacitance diodes
- interrupted e.g. divided].
- the loop of the magnetic antenna can be separated by at least two capacitance elements [e.g. be interrupted at least twice].
- the multiple interrupted loop can be interrupted by the capacitance elements in at least two segments [e.g. divided].
- the loop can be divided into n segments by n capacity elements, where n is a natural number greater than or equal to two.
- the at least two segments of the multiply interrupted loop can be connected by the capacitance elements.
- the at least two segments of the multiply interrupted loop and the at least two capacitance elements can be connected in series.
- two segments of the multiply interrupted loop can each be connected by a capacitance element which is connected in series between the two segments.
- the single or multiple interrupted loop [for example the at least two segments of the loop] and the capacitance elements can form a resonant circuit.
- the loop can form a coil.
- the transmitting and / or receiving device may be connected to the magnetic antenna via one of the capacitance elements [e.g. the one capacitance element and the single or multiple interrupted loop [e.g. form a parallel resonant circuit with the other capacitance elements].
- the capacitance elements e.g. the one capacitance element and the single or multiple interrupted loop [e.g. form a parallel resonant circuit with the other capacitance elements].
- the loop can be ring-shaped or m-shaped, where m is a natural number greater than or equal to four.
- the loop may be quadrangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, pentagonal, octagonal, pentagonal, pentagonal, pentagonal, pentagonal, pentagonal, pentagonal, etc.
- the magnetic antenna can be implemented on a circuit board [e.g. realized].
- the antenna arrangement can have a tuning circuit for tuning the magnetic antenna.
- the tuning circuit and the magnetic antenna can be implemented on the same circuit board.
- the magnetic antenna can be a first magnetic antenna, the antenna arrangement furthermore having a second magnetic antenna, the single or multiple interrupted loop of the first magnetic antenna and a loop of the second magnetic antenna being arranged essentially orthogonally to one another.
- a first surface spanned by the single or multiple interrupted loop of the first magnetic antenna and a second surface spanned by the loop of the second magnetic antenna can be orthogonal to one another.
- a main radiation direction / main reception direction of the first magnetic antenna and a main radiation direction / main reception direction of the second magnetic antenna can be orthogonal to one another.
- a zero point of the first magnetic antenna and a zero point of the second magnetic antenna can be different.
- a spanned area of the loop of the second magnetic antenna can be expanded at least by a factor of two [e.g. be a factor of three, four, five or tenj smaller than a spanned area of the loop of the first magnetic antenna.
- the loop of the second magnetic antenna can be “flattened”.
- the loop of the second magnetic antenna cannot be round to conform to a shape of the subscriber's housing.
- the loop of the second magnetic antenna can be substantially rectangular.
- the first magnetic antenna and the second magnetic antenna can be arranged adjacent to one another.
- a conductor of the loop of the second magnetic antenna can be at least a factor of two [e.g. is three, four or five times thicker or wider than a conductor of the loop of the first magnetic antenna.
- the loop of the second magnetic antenna can be interrupted several times.
- the loop of the second magnetic antenna can be interrupted by at least two capacitance elements [at least twice].
- the subscriber can be designed to deactivate one of the magnetic antennas of the antenna arrangement [for example the first magnetic antenna or the second magnetic antenna] in order to emit a radiation characteristic [for example Direction of radiation or direction of reception; eg main key] to change the antenna arrangement.
- a radiation characteristic for example Direction of radiation or direction of reception; eg main key
- the subscriber can be configured to measure a radiation characteristic [e.g. Direction of radiation or direction of reception; e.g. Main lobe] of the antenna array by deactivating one of the magnetic antennas of the antenna array [e.g. of the first magnetic antenna or the second magnetic antenna].
- a radiation characteristic e.g. Direction of radiation or direction of reception; e.g. Main lobe
- one of the magnetic antennas of the antenna arrangement can be tuned by detuning the respective magnetic antenna [e.g. the first magnetic antenna or the second magnetic antenna] can be deactivated.
- one of the magnetic antennas of the antenna arrangement can be configured by connecting a coil in parallel to one of the capacitance elements of the loop of the respective magnetic antenna [e.g. the first magnetic antenna or the second magnetic antenna] can be deactivated.
- the subscriber can be configured to determine a radiation ratio of the antenna arrangement by detuning the natural resonance of at least one of the two magnetic antennas [e.g. of the first magnetic antenna or the second magnetic antenna].
- the first magnetic antenna and the second magnetic antenna may be out of phase [e.g. can be controlled by 90 °].
- the subscriber may be configured to receive a data packet to be transmitted [e.g. the physical layer] to be divided into a plurality of sub-data packets and in order not to transmit the plurality of sub-data packets contiguously [e.g. using a time and / or frequency hopping method], the subscriber being able to be configured to change the radiation characteristic of the antenna arrangement at least once between the transmission of two sub-data packets.
- a data packet to be transmitted e.g. the physical layer
- the subscriber being able to be configured to change the radiation characteristic of the antenna arrangement at least once between the transmission of two sub-data packets.
- the subscriber can be designed to change the radiation characteristics of the antenna arrangement after each transmitted sub-data packet or after a predetermined number of sub-data packets [for example by deactivating the other magnetic antenna of the antenna arrangement].
- the subscriber can be designed to split a data packet to be transmitted [e.g.
- the Resonance frequencies of the first magnetic antenna and the second magnetic antenna can be deliberately out of tune, so that when the plurality of sub-data packets are transmitted, a radiation characteristic [eg radiation direction; due to the frequencies defined by the frequency hopping pattern; eg main lobe] of the antenna arrangement varies.
- the resonance frequency of the first magnetic antenna and / or the second magnetic antenna can be detuned in a size range that corresponds to the reciprocal quality.
- a quality of Q 100
- the detuning can be done in a window of no more than +/- 1%, because with even greater detuning, hardly any more power will be output.
- the antenna arrangement can have a tuning device for tuning the magnetic antenna, the antenna arrangement being designed to automatically tune the antenna.
- the antenna arrangement can also have an electrical antenna.
- the sending and / or receiving device may be a sending device [e.g. Transmitter], a receiving device [e.g. Receiver] or a transceiver.
- a sending device e.g. Transmitter
- a receiving device e.g. Receiver
- a transceiver e.g.
- the subscriber can be designed to communicate in the ISM band.
- the subscriber can be an end point of the communication system.
- the end point can be a sensor node or an actuator node.
- the end point can be battery powered. In embodiments, the end point can have an energy harvesting element for electrical energy generation.
- the subscriber can be a base station of the communication system.
- the at least two participants may be one or more endpoints [e.g. a plurality of endpoints] and one or more base stations.
- the at least two participants can also be at least two end points or base stations.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a subscriber (e.g. an end point) to a communication system with a magnetic antenna.
- the size of participants in a communication system can be reduced, (2) the independence from the environment can be created by the automatic tuning, and / or (3) can be transmitted / received (better) from (partially) electrically shielded environments.
- 1a is a schematic view of a magnetic antenna that can be tuned by hand using a variable high-voltage capacitor
- 1b is an electrical equivalent circuit diagram of the magnetic antenna shown in Fig. 1a
- 1 c shows an antenna diagram of the magnetic antenna shown in FIG. 1 a;
- Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a magnetic antenna and an electrical
- FIG. 3a shows a schematic view of a subscriber of a communication system, according to an embodiment of the present invention
- 3b is a schematic view of a participant of a communication system, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 3c is a schematic view of an end point of a communication system, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a magnetic antenna
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a magnetic antenna with a multiple interrupted (e.g. capacitively shortened) loop, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a magnetic antenna with a loop which is interrupted several times, the loop being octagonal in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of an antenna arrangement with a first magnetic antenna and a second magnetic antenna, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of a method for operating a subscriber
- 3a shows a schematic view of a subscriber 100
- the subscriber 100 comprises a transmitting and / or receiving device 102 (e.g. one
- Antenna arrangement 104 wherein the antenna arrangement 104 exhibits a magnetic antenna 106 with a loop 108 that is simply (i.e. only once) interrupted.
- 3b shows a schematic view of a subscriber 100 of a
- the subscriber 100 comprises a transmitting and / or receiving device 102 (e.g. one
- Antenna arrangement 104 wherein the antenna arrangement 104 has a magnetic antenna 106 with a loop 108 that is interrupted several times.
- the loop 108 of the magnetic antenna 106 can be separated by capacitance elements 110, e.g. Resonance capacities (resonance capacitors), be interrupted.
- the loop 108 of the magnetic antenna 106 as shown in FIG. 3b for illustration, can be interrupted twice (e.g. capacitively shortened) by two capacitance elements 110.
- the loop 108 of the magnetic antenna 106 can also be interrupted multiple times by a different number of capacitance elements 110.
- the loop 108 of the magnetic antenna 106 can be divided into n segments (or parts or sections) by n capacitance elements 110, where n is a natural number greater than or equal to two.
- the segments or portions of the loop between the respective capacitance elements 110 are referred to here as segments.
- the segments of the multiply interrupted loop 108 can be connected by the capacitance elements 110.
- two segments of the multiply interrupted loop can each be connected by a capacitance element which is connected in series between the two segments.
- the Segments of the loop 108 of the magnetic antenna 106 and the capacitance elements 110 are alternately connected in series to form a loop.
- the transmitting and / or receiving device 102 can be connected to the magnetic antenna 106 via one of the capacitance elements 110.
- the one capacitance element on one side and the multiply interrupted loop 108 with the other (or other) capacitance elements on the other side can form a parallel resonant circuit (e.g. from the point of view of the transmitting and / or receiving device 102).
- the antenna arrangement 102 can furthermore have a tuning device for tuning the magnetic antenna 106.
- the tuning device can be designed to automatically tune the magnetic antenna 106.
- the antenna arrangement 104 can therefore have a second magnetic antenna, as will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 7, or else an additional electrical antenna.
- the second magnetic antenna and / or the additional electrical antenna can be arranged such that the zeros of the magnetic antenna 106 are compensated for.
- the subscriber 100 of the communication system can of course not only be designed to send signals by means of the magnetic antenna 106 to other subscribers of the communication system, but also to receive signals from other subscribers of the communication system by means of the magnetic antenna 106.
- the subscriber 100 can have, for example, a receiving device (e.g. a receiver) which is connected to the antenna arrangement 104.
- subscriber 100 may also have a combined transceiver (e.g., a transceiver) 102.
- subscriber 100 (or the subscriber's communication system) can be designed to transmit data based on the telegram splitting method.
- data such as a telegram or data packet
- data packet is divided into a plurality of sub-data packets (or sub-data packets, or sub-packets) and the sub-data packets are used in time and / or frequency hopping pattern in time and / or distributed in frequency (ie non-contiguously) from one subscriber to another subscriber (for example from the base station to the end point, or from the end point to the base station) of the communication system, the subscriber who receives the sub-data packets combining them again ( or combined) to get the data packet.
- Each of the sub-data packets contains only a part of the data packet.
- the data packet can also be channel-coded, so that not all sub-data packets, but only a part of the sub-data packets, are required for error-free decoding of the data packet.
- the communication system may be a personal area network (PAN) or a low power wide area network (LPWAN).
- PAN personal area network
- LPWAN low power wide area network
- the subscriber 100 of the communication system shown in FIG. 3b can be a base station of the communication system.
- the subscriber 100 of the communication system shown in FIG. 3b can also be an end point of the communication system, as will be explained below with reference to FIG. 3c.
- 3c shows a schematic view of a subscriber 100 of the communication system, the subscriber 100 being an end point, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the end point 100 can be a sensor node in exemplary embodiments.
- the end point 100 may have a sensor 114, such as a temperature sensor, pressure sensor, moisture sensor or any other sensor, the signals sent by the sensor node 100 being dependent on a sensor signal provided by the sensor.
- the sensor can have a microprocessor 112, which processes the sensor signal provided by the sensor in order to generate, based on the sensor signal, data which are transmitted by the transmission device (for example transmission and reception device) 102, for example based on the telegram Splitting transmission method.
- the end point 100 can also be an actuator account, the actuator node having an actuator 114.
- the processor 1 12 can be designed, for example, to control the actuator 114 based on a received signal or received data.
- endpoint 100 may be battery powered. Alternatively or additionally, the end point 100 can have an energy harvesting element for electrical energy generation.
- Exemplary embodiments relate to magnetic antennas (e.g. for sensor nodes or also for base stations) for the transmission and / or reception case.
- the magnetic antennas can be tuned automatically.
- a magnetic antenna 106 has a single or multi-turn current loop 108.
- an alternating magnetic field induces a voltage in loop 108 (law of induction, [5])
- a current flowing in loop 108 generates a magnetic field (law of Biot-Savart, [6]).
- the efficiency of the magnetic antenna 106 can be significantly increased by means of a resonance capacitance.
- the current flow in loop 108 increases in proportion to the increase in resonance (expressed by the quality factor Q), i.e. double Q causes double current flow (and thus double magnetic field) with the same power fed in.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of such a magnetic antenna 106.
- the magnetic antenna 106 comprises the loop 108 with one or more turns and the resonance capacitance 110 (C0).
- the magnetic antenna 106 can be coupled to the transmitting and / or receiving device 102 (see FIG. 3), for example, via the parallel resonant circuit formed from resonance capacitance 110 and loop 108 (coil).
- the magnetic antenna 106 has the advantage of high antenna quality with a small design.
- the magnetic antenna 106 has the advantage that it can be adapted to different environmental conditions, e.g. through automatic voting.
- Embodiments of the present invention thus relate to a sensor node with a magnetic antenna.
- the magnetic antenna can be tuned automatically.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a magnetic antenna 106 with a multiply interrupted (eg capacitively shortened) loop 108.
- the loop 108 can be configured by four capacitance elements 110 (4C0), such as resonance capacitors (eg resonance capacitors) ), divided into four segments.
- C0 capacitance elements
- the loop 108 of the magnetic antenna 106 can also be divided into a different number of segments.
- the loop 108 of the magnetic antenna 106 can be divided into n segments by n capacitance elements 110, where n is a natural number greater than or equal to two.
- the loop 108 of the magnetic antenna can be divided into equidistant segments.
- the subdivision of the loop 108 into equidistant segments has the advantage that the lowest E field shares are achieved overall.
- the loop can also be divided into non-equidistant segments.
- the lower electrical fields or the multiple capacitive shortening have the advantage that dielectric material in the direct vicinity of the antenna detunes the resonance frequency accordingly less.
- the lower electrical fields or the multiple capacitive shortening have the advantage that dielectric, lossy material in the direct vicinity of the antenna reduces its quality factor less. Furthermore, the lower electrical fields or the multiple capacitive shortening have the advantage that the voltage at the resonance capacitances turns out to be correspondingly lower (for example, half the voltage with a double shortening, but then also twice the capacitance value). This is particularly advantageous if one or more of the resonance capacitances are to be designed to be tunable, since the tuning elements can then have a lower dielectric strength
- the magnetic antenna 106 (or the loop 108 of the magnetic antenna 106) can be capacitively shortened several times.
- capacitors 110 there are several capacitors 110 in series in the magnetic loop.
- Loops 108 with a round shape have the best ratio of conductor length to spanned (or enclosed) area. However, the space utilization on a usually rectangular circuit board (conductor tracks) is not optimal.
- Fig. 6 shows a symmetrical version (the loop 108) of the magnetic antenna 106, but asymmetrical versions (the loop 108) are also conceivable in which, for. B.
- the upper and lower sections e.g. segments of loop 108) are longer.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a magnetic antenna 106 with a loop 108 interrupted several times, the loop 108 being octagonal.
- the loop 108 can be divided into eight segments by (for example eight) capacitance elements 110, the eight segments being square, so that the loop 108 has an octagonal shape.
- the loop 108 can also be divided into a different number of segments and / or can have a different shape.
- the loop 108 of the magnetic may be m-shaped, where m is a natural number greater than or equal to four, such as 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12.
- the magnetic antenna 106 may be implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB).
- PCB printed circuit board
- the magnetic antenna 106 (or the loop 108 of the magnetic antenna 106) can have partial sections (or segments) that are not round.
- a routing of the segments of the magnetic antenna 106 (or the loop 108 of the magnetic antenna 106) in the regions (or in the locations) can be straight with components.
- the magnetic antenna 106 (or the loop 108 of the magnetic antenna 106) can have a polygonal shape or more than four corners.
- Such a magnetic antenna 106 has the advantage that the layout is easier to transfer to different layout programs.
- Such a magnetic antenna 106 also has the advantage that it is easier to place the components, since the line routing (the loop 108 of the magnetic antenna 106) is straight at the locations with the components.
- the diagonally extending sides can have an arcuate shape instead of an angular shape in order to enlarge the area somewhat and to optimally utilize the board area. In return, you would lose the advantages of easier component placement and simple layout.
- the antenna arrangement 104 shown in FIG. 6 has a magnetic antenna 106 with a multiple interrupted loop 108, it should be pointed out that the exemplary embodiments described also apply to an antenna arrangement 104 with a magnetic antenna 106 with a single interrupted loop 108 (cf. 3a) are applicable.
- the loop is realized on a circuit board
- the loop can be realized on a printed circuit board (PCB).
- the voting circuit can be implemented on the same circuit board.
- the antenna arrangement 104 can have a plurality of magnetic antennas.
- two magnetic antennas can be used, the two magnetic antennas being as orthogonal as possible (e.g. essentially).
- the second magnetic antenna (or the loop of the second magnetic antenna) can be “flattened”. With loops that are not round, the resistance of the winding increases in comparison to the spanned (or enclosed) surface, which reduces the quality. Since the flattened loop (English Ioop) spans a smaller area, its radiation efficiency drops. Although this increases the quality somewhat, it does not contribute to the radiation. In order to at least partially compensate for the first goods-reducing effect, a wider conductor (less losses) can be used.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of an antenna arrangement 104 with a first magnetic antenna 106 and a second magnetic antenna 112, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the first magnetic antenna 106 comprises a multi-interrupted loop 108.
- the loop 108 of the first magnetic antenna can pass through four capacitance elements 110, can be divided into four segments.
- the loop 108 of the first magnetic antenna 106 can also be divided into a different number of segments.
- the loop 108 of the first magnetic antenna 106 can be divided into n segments by n capacitance elements 110, where n is a natural number greater than or equal to two.
- the second magnetic antenna 112 also comprises a loop 114, wherein the loop 108 of the first magnetic antenna 106 and the loop 114 of the second magnetic antenna 112 can be arranged substantially orthogonally to one another.
- an area spanned by the loop 114 of the second magnetic antenna 112 runs orthogonally to an area spanned by the loop 108 of the first magnetic antenna 106, i detail in FIG First magnetic antenna 106 spanned area parallel to the xy plane defined by the coordinate system, while the area spanned by loop 114 of the second magnetic antenna 112 runs parallel to the z-axis of the coordinate system.
- a spanned (or enclosed) area of loop 114 of second magnetic antenna 112 may be at least a factor of two (e.g., a factor of three, four, five, or ten) smaller than a spanned (or enclosed) area of loop 108 the first magnetic antenna 106.
- the loop 114 of the second magnetic antenna 112 may be "flattened".
- a conductor of the loop 114 of the second magnetic antenna 1 12 can be at least a factor of two (eg by a factor of three, four or five) thicker or wider than a conductor of the loop 108 the first magnetic antenna 106.
- loop 114 of the second magnetic antenna 112 can also be interrupted several times, for example by at least two capacitance elements.
- the antenna arrangement 104 can have a second loop 114, which is as orthogonal as possible.
- a wire gauge / width of the second loop 114 may be larger (than a wire gauge / width of the first loop 108), but the second loop 114 may be flatter (than the first loop 108).
- the antenna arrangement 104 shown in FIG. 7 has magnetic antennas with multiple interrupted loops, it should be pointed out that the exemplary embodiments described can also be applied to an antenna arrangement with magnetic antennas with single interrupted loops.
- an electrical antenna can be integrated on the circuit board (e.g. PCB) in addition to the magnetic antenna 106, e.g. in the form of a PCB F antenna, as an "extension" of loop 108 (e.g. the magnetic ring / octagon).
- PCB circuit board
- an electrical and a magnetic antenna e.g. on a printed circuit board (e.g. PCB) can be combined.
- the current flow of the unwanted magnetic antenna can be interrupted, for example by means of a switch.
- each switch has a certain residual capacity, this ultimately amounts to a severe detuning of the resonance frequency.
- one or more resonance capacitors can be provided with a coil in parallel. At the original resonance frequency of the loop, these form a parallel resonant circuit that interrupts the current flow in it.
- the tuning of the loops and thus the main emission direction and thus the zero point can be shifted, since the loops then emit to different extents with the driving powers remaining unchanged.
- the non-emitted part of the slightly detuned loop is reflected back and absorbed in the transmitter.
- the zero point of a loop depends on its structure in three-dimensional space. This does not change if, for example, only the capacitance of a resonance capacitance is changed. With planar loops there is always a slope in which they do not penetrate any B field lines, namely if they run in the plane of the loop. But even with a three-dimensional loop (or curved B-lines), e.g. in the case of a slightly bent circular ring which does not run exactly in one plane, there is always a position in which field lines which penetrate from one side and from the other side of the loop keep the balance. This leads to compensation, i.e. a zero. Even orthogonal loops would have a zero point at 45 ° if their signals were only directly connected together. In order to avoid this, their received signals can be merged with a 90 ° phase offset, because then geometrical cancellation of the time signals is no longer possible.
- a plurality of magnetic loops can be driven out of phase.
- a plurality of self-tuned magnetic loops can be driven out of phase.
- transmission diversity i.e. transmission with different antennas
- each sub-data packet (hops) is transmitted on a different antenna / with different strengths on the Antennas is possible.
- different sub-data packets can therefore be emitted to different intensities on different antennas, so that different sub-data packets with different antenna zeros are sent.
- more or less orthogonal loops with different resonance frequencies the signals of which can be decoupled, for example
- Combiner (Engl, combinier) are summarized, are used. If the resonance frequencies are close together, the loops must already have good geometric orthogonality (i.e. magnetic decoupling). Otherwise there is a loss of quality and resonance rejection. Therefore, the resonance frequency is intentionally detuned somewhat. Different sub-data packets (hops) are on different frequencies and are therefore emitted by the loops with different resonances to different extents, which makes the zero point mag. Antenna shifted in each case.
- the radiation ratio of the magnetic antennas changes over the frequency.
- the zero point of the antenna shifts over the frequency.
- the method 200 comprises a step 202 of transmitting and / or receiving communication signals using a magnetic antenna of an antenna arrangement of the subscriber of the communication system, the magnetic antenna having a single or multiple interrupted loop.
- Embodiments of the present invention create (eg self-tuning) magnetic antennas for e.g. B. Sensor node. With the loT, the internet of things, the number of wirelessly communicating sensor nodes is growing. This places ever increasing demands on a small form factor and easy handling. These requirements can only be met with difficulty with existing electrical antennas. Embodiments of the present invention make it possible to use magnetic antennas in sensor nodes and thus to meet the aforementioned requirements.
- aspects have been described in connection with an apparatus, it goes without saying that these aspects also represent a description of the corresponding method, so that a block or a component of an apparatus can also be understood as a corresponding method step or as a feature of a method step. Analogously, aspects that have been described in connection with or as a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or detail or feature of a corresponding device.
- Some or all of the method steps can be performed by a hardware apparatus (or using a hardware device). Apparatus), such as a microprocessor, a programmable computer or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, some or more of the most important process steps can be performed by such an apparatus.
- exemplary embodiments of the invention can be implemented in hardware or in software.
- the implementation can be carried out using a digital storage medium, for example a floppy disk, a DVD, a Blu-ray disc, a CD, a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM or a FLASH memory, a hard disk or another magnetic or optical memory are carried out, on which electronically readable control signals are stored, which can interact with a programmable computer system in such a way or interaction that the respective method is carried out.
- the digital storage medium can therefore be computer-readable.
- Some exemplary embodiments according to the invention thus comprise a data carrier which has electronically readable control signals which are able to interact with a programmable computer system in such a way that one of the methods described herein is carried out.
- exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a computer program product with a program code, the program code being effective to carry out one of the methods when the computer program product runs on a computer.
- the program code can, for example, also be stored on a machine-readable medium.
- inventions include the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein, the computer program being stored on a machine readable medium.
- an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a computer program which has a program code for performing one of the methods described here when the computer program runs on a computer.
- a further exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data carrier (or a digital storage medium or a computer-readable medium) on which the computer program for carrying out one of the methods described herein is recorded.
- the data carrier, the digital storage medium or the computer-readable medium are typically objective and / or non-transitory or non-temporary.
- a further exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data stream or a sequence of signals which represents the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein.
- the data stream or the sequence of signals can, for example, be configured to be transferred via a data communication connection, for example via the Internet.
- a further exemplary embodiment comprises a processing device, for example a computer or a programmable logic component, which is configured or adapted to carry out one of the methods described herein.
- a processing device for example a computer or a programmable logic component, which is configured or adapted to carry out one of the methods described herein.
- Another embodiment includes a computer on which the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein is installed.
- a further exemplary embodiment according to the invention comprises a device or a system which is designed to transmit a computer program for carrying out at least one of the methods described herein to a receiver.
- the transmission can take place electronically or optically, for example.
- the receiver can be, for example, a computer, a mobile device, a storage device or a similar device.
- the device or the system can comprise, for example, a file server for transmitting the computer program to the recipient.
- a programmable logic device e.g., a field programmable gate array, an FPGA
- a field programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein.
- the methods are performed by any hardware device. This can be a universally replaceable hardware such as a computer processor (CPU) or hardware specific to the method, such as an ASIC.
- the devices described herein can be implemented using a hardware apparatus, or using a computer, or using a combination of a hardware apparatus and a computer.
- the devices described herein, or any components of the devices described herein, may be implemented at least partially in hardware and / or in software (computer program).
- the methods described herein can be implemented using a hardware apparatus, or using a computer, or using a combination of a hardware apparatus and a computer.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE102019201262.0A DE102019201262A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | Participant in a communication system with a magnetic antenna |
PCT/EP2020/052130 WO2020157110A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2020-01-29 | Subscriber of a communication system having a magnetic antenna |
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EP3918357A1 true EP3918357A1 (en) | 2021-12-08 |
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DE102017206236A1 (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2018-10-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | SPECIFIC HOPPING PATTERN FOR TELEGRAM SPLITTING |
DE102019204163B3 (en) | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Generation of a tuning signal for tuning a magnetic antenna |
CN113067119B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2023-04-07 | RealMe重庆移动通信有限公司 | Wearable device |
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WO2020157110A1 (en) | 2020-08-06 |
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