JP2010233124A - Transceiver with embedding type resonant antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To avoid a null point by forming a sending/receiving antenna of triaxial constitution of XYZ and to enable sending/receiving at free handset attitude by improving S/N at receiving about 8 dB when compared with a conventional one and reducing power consumption at sending to about 60% of a conventional one. <P>SOLUTION: A transceiver has one or two or meaningfully three resonance coils drawn by a pattern on one flexible printed substrate and connected to a capacitor of narrowband tuning. A front end IC chip is mounted on the same flexible printed substrate. When the flexible printed substrate is mounted on the transceiver, it is bent so that each resonance coil has a directionality of a maximum of XYZ three-axis which are at right angles to each other. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

The transceiver (Walkie Talkie) is a Canadian company Donald L. For 60 years since it was devised by Hings, there has been no major change in principle until the current rise of mobile phones. Eventually, Walkie Talkie will be reduced to WiMAX-like wireless for the last mile, where the wired network is configured with optical fiber, and there will be no mobile phone that pays high call charges. It is also necessary to solidify the foundation of Beyond-MIMO that effectively divides space and increases the number of channels, beyond the ongoing challenge to MIMO systems that attempt to use radio waves effectively by dividing directivity uniformly. There is. The basic structure of such a wireless communication terminal is the technical field of the present case.

The technology and products of conventional wireless communication terminals are based on the idea of terminating and matching a reference antenna such as a half-wave dipole in front of the LNA via a short cable or Lehel line with characteristic impedance. The same idea was maintained. The idea is changed 180 degrees, and the front end chip is placed in the communication channel space, and how much the ultimate performance pursuit when an antenna is attached to this is superior to the conventional cable termination type. This is the subject of the present invention. In addition, it was thought that broadband was excellent in the past, but if the idea was changed 180 degrees and the ultimate narrow band was pursued, it would say how much performance would be superior to the conventional cable termination type It is. With respect to the S / N, the expected improvement is at least 6 dB, but such a mismatch / narrowband attempt has never been attempted.

JP-A-2005-328112

1) Avoidance of reception null point 2) Improvement of reception S / N performance by 6 dB or more 3) Improvement of reception in-band interference by 20 dB or more 4) Reduction of reception power consumption by half or less 5) Transmission 6) Reduce circuit drive to a single low voltage 7) Abolish AC adapter for wireless charging

<Configuration with minute resonant loop antenna>
The conventional transceiver adopted the inductor loading shortened monopole instead of the loop antenna. If the handset is set up vertically on the assumption that it is used in vertical polarization, it can be used with a single antenna regardless of the direction of the other party. This is because the monopole antenna occupies less space and can be stored. The copper loss of the shortened monopole loaded inductor is inevitably larger than the radiation loss, and there is a limit to improving the performance. Recently, embedded dielectric chip antennas are often used without knowing the principle correctly. The principle is that antenna specialists have nothing to do with antenna size and power gain, and the principle that antenna size has a relationship with the resonance band cannot be swallowed due to old education. As shown in FIG. 1, if a loop antenna is used, a capacitor is loaded and it is easy to make the loss smaller than the radiation resistance. If the loop antenna is placed horizontally, it corresponds to horizontal polarization and becomes omnidirectional in the horizontal plane, but this form is difficult to attach to the transceiver, and the Q is too high, so there is a mobile phone so far There was no example used for transceivers such as Walkie Talkie.

<Incorporation of 3-axis loop antenna>
A loop antenna can be made with a PCB pattern, but in order to use it with vertical polarization like a conventional monopole, as shown in FIG. 2, the outputs of two loops whose central axes are orthogonal with XY coils are used. Must be omnidirectional. If this is combined with a loop whose central axis is the Z axis, nulls can be avoided without fail in any situation, can be used in any posture of the handset, and can handle horizontal polarization. That is, the three-axis orthogonal loop antenna is one of almighty solutions in combination with complex linear combination.
The conventional athena had to be half-embedded in the handset, and the half should come out so that it was not affected by the metal chassis, mounted parts, or hands. However, a micro resonant loop antenna having a high Q value has no operational problem even if it is embedded inside the handset. The theoretical support for the embedded narrowband resonant dielectric chip antenna, which has recently become mainstream in mobile phones, is the first to reveal such an electromagnetic background.

<Features of narrowband resonant antenna>
In a conventional inductor-loaded semi-embedded monopole antenna, an induced voltage due to an incoming electric field is frequency-peaked by a desired wave due to resonance and applied to the LNA. However, if the transceiver bandwidth is 750 MHz to 850 MHz, Q <8. I must. Even when Q = 8, attenuation is −3 dB at both ends of the band. The inductor-loaded semi-embedded monopole antenna is inferior in S / N characteristics by about 3 dB compared to a standard antenna connected through an external input BNC terminal. If the conventional view of the object is changed by 180 degrees and Q> 80 is aimed at as narrow a band as possible, all the performances are historically improved in the form as shown in FIG.
Historical performance improvements are extremely strong against excessive disturbances, extend the talk distance of transceivers even if the current of the LNA is greatly reduced, TX can be driven in class D, and nearby metals affect the operation. Not only is it going to disappear, but it is also an RF engineer to take a step away from the convention that the 50 ohms and inconsistency teaching cannot be missed.

<Function of tunable loop antenna>
Conventional loaded antennas have a fixed frequency response, but must be tunable in order to enjoy the great benefits of narrow bands with Q> 100. In order to calibrate the tuning frequency that slightly changes due to the influence of surrounding metal and the human body, as shown in FIG. 4, a positive feedback is applied (that is, an equivalent negative resistance with an amplitude limit is inserted) to oscillate. The oscillation frequency is compared with the reference frequency of X-tal.
When a channel within the allocated band is moved by frequency hopping, calibration is performed each time a new channel is moved. In the figure, the resonant capacitance formed as the double-sided electrode opposing capacitance of the flexible substrate is divided into two islands, and the smaller one is connected to an NMOS switch and a PMOS switch as a TX amplifier. The output is determined by the time division ratio p of connecting the smaller capacity to Vcc (= 3.3 V) or to the ground. Harmonics due to the switching current are blocked by the high Q and do not radiate far and near.

<Relieving first-stage amplifier noise requirements>
The conventional concept of LNA (low noise amplifier) is that the antenna and LNA are connected by a cable with a characteristic impedance of 75 ohms. The matching prevents reflections from causing echo interference and the LNA also terminates with a 75 ohm resistor.
1) When the antenna is 800 MHz, for example, the length is about 19 cm as a half-wave dipole. 2) The noise figure (NF) is 3 dB, which is the theoretical limit. Therefore, to obtain a noise figure of 6 dB, a low-noise amplifier and a bipolar transistor can be used. A bias current of about 3.2 mA is required for an exponential region of 1.4 mA and a CMOS transistor. This is a natural law based on the Boltzmann principle and cannot be avoided. When the microresonant loop antenna is directly connected to the front end chip including the LNA, the bias current of the LNA may be 100 uA or less in order to obtain an NF of 8 dB with the same reference. FIG. 5 is a 75 ohm termination format that is still common among RF engineers. The noise figure is defined on the assumption that the noise temperature of the antenna is equal to the room temperature, but this antenna temperature Ta is close to 3 degrees K for an antenna that observes radio waves in space, but it is about 150 degrees K for terrestrial communication. Considering NF with Ta of 300 degrees K, the antenna termination at 75 ohms and the contribution of LNA noise would be underestimated. A half-wave dipole is used as the reference antenna. The antenna is ideally broadband. Actually, this external antenna terminal is attached as a BNC connector to the handset of the walkie-talkie. In this theory, this ideal reception form is used as a reference as shown in Equation 1, and the superiority or inferiority of other reception methods is evaluated in dB.
In FIG. 6, a fixed resonance inductor loaded shortening monopole antenna is directly connected to the LNA without a cable, and the high Q is relative to the S / Q when Q is dumped by the series resistance of the loaded inductor to reach Q = 8. N (compared to half-wave dipole). S / N is -3 dB. To compensate for this, the output of the base station was increased by using a shortened monopole or the like.
FIG. 7 shows a form adopted by the present theory. Since the radiating element is a loop antenna, the load is a resonant capacity. Therefore, the resonance is damped only by the radiating resistance of the loop element. Value, and there is no means for matching the resonance frequency with the desired frequency, and it has never been used in normal communication. Regardless of this, when the S / N is examined, the value is about 8 dB better than the standard half-wave dipole reception. This indicates that the reach can be extended by about 2 times or the TX output of the base station can be reduced to about 1/4 in the surface communication where the attenuation occurs earlier than the 1 / R rule.
However, even if this is fully understood, it is impossible to take advantage of this simple benefit given by natural reason without having a way to master this narrowband resonance. The use of a wide band far exceeding the band necessary for the communication speed in the spread spectrum method (SpreadSpectrum) etc. not only creates the crosstalk that should be overcome by itself, but also no one has noticed so far. It is necessary to carry a large minus on the point of / N and increase the output of the base station accordingly. Such power building systems are left behind in the 20th century, and we must know the nature of nature to implement smart power.

<Variable tuning means>
In the conventional fixed bandwidth shortened monopole, if the bandwidth is 100 MHz with respect to the center frequency of 800 MHz, the resonance Q value of the antenna due to the inductance loading can exceed about 8 (= 800/100). There wasn't. On the other hand, in the minute resonance loop, a Q value of 100 or more is easily maintained even if there are parts and metals in the vicinity and there is a human body. In this case, the -3 dB bandwidth is 8 MHz, and the call can be modulated by CDMA or the like, and tuning that matches the center frequency is required. The resonance capacity outside the IC and the inductance of the loop antenna determine the resonance frequency at the upper limit of the band frequency and add the fine capacitance of the power supply chip to this to cover the lower limit of the band frequency. For this, there is a case where a varactor (voltage variable capacitance diode) prepared for the RF-CMOS process is used, but there is a problem of linearity, and generally a method of switching the MIM capacitance with an NMOS transistor is taken. Although the resonance frequency of the minute resonance loop having a high Q value changes due to the influence of the human body, the correct frequency is maintained by calibration. FIG. 8 shows an example of a variable tuning circuit.
The performance of the NMOS transistor as an RF switch is determined by the time constant of RonxCoff, and varies depending on the channel length generation, but is about 0.4 ohm pF in the 0.18 um generation. When the transceiver band 750 MHz to 850 MHz is covered with this time constant, the Q value that can be reached is determined. However, in this case, the Q value is determined mainly by the radiation resistance of the loop element.

<Transmission class D drive and lower voltage>
Conventional TX amplifiers do not have a method to suppress radiated harmonics other than class A operation in a push-pull circuit. For this reason, it is extremely difficult to meet the regulations of the Radio Law, and the maximum efficiency is limited to 50%. there were. Due to its high Q, the micro-resonant loop TX driver can be operated in class D as shown in FIG. 9 and meets the regulations of the Radio Law before design, and the maximum efficiency is 100%. As a result, the performance of the transceiver is greatly improved, but the power consumption is less than half. Further, the drive voltage can be set to a single low voltage (eg, 3.3 V) regardless of the impedance of the antenna or the individual semiconductor.
The XYZ triaxial coils are basically orthogonal in the transceiver machine, and interference between the coils is not a problem.

<XYZ 3-axis equalization circuit>
Conventional transceiver terminals cannot use space diversity (changing the position of multiple antennas) in order to avoid null points due to multipath interference due to dimensional and usage constraints. The best result in any reception situation is a method of linearly combining the XYZ 3-axis combinations with complex coefficients and adapting them every moment. As shown in FIG. 10, the received wave is amplified by a three-channel LNA and a specific linear combination at the RF stage or IF stage is output. On the other hand, optimization corresponding to the change in the background is performed by hill-climbing logic. Good. The 3-axis equalization system not only avoids null points, but also enables horizontal polarization reception.

<Half-duplex transmission / reception optimization algorithm>
In half-duplex communication, TX uses the same frequency as RX, and the transmission channel with the communication partner is equivalent for transmission and reception. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11, the RX linear coupling coefficient (amplitude / phase) is directly used as TX. If the XYZ coil is used to drive, the multipath is always transmitted to the communication partner in an optimally equalized form. If the antenna type of the communication partner is the same XYZ 3-axis method, the equalization function is duplicated, so the arbitration of transmission and reception (arbitration) from simple form in which only one side performs this to the method of sharing roles and further improving the effect ) Must be negotiated and placed. This is the same as deciding which to avoid when two ships meet in maritime traffic.
1) If the other party is a three-axis system, only the RX will be adaptive, and TX will not be adaptive. 2) Both will exchange control contents and control both TX / RX to further improve transmission efficiency. It is divided into two methods of raising.
The 3-axis method can reduce the TX output of both the base station and the terminal.

<In-band excessive interference elimination capability>
When a conventional LNA is connected to a wide-band antenna, it is exposed to excessive interference, so a pre-tunable circuit using an external varactor is usually attached. However, the voltage-capacitance of the varactor itself is non-linear (parametric nonlinear) Therefore, in the process of removing excessive interference waves with a filter, interference such as CTB (composite triple beat), intermodulation, and cross modulation occurs. In the tunable minute resonance loop shown in FIG. 12, such a problem does not occur because the minute capacitance of the power supply chip is switched. The problem of excessive in-band interference that cannot be avoided with a conventional wireless HAM or transceiver has been avoided from the beginning in a tunable microresonant loop.

<Full duplex optimization algorithm>
In full-duplex communication, the TX band and RX band are separated. Although it is not an actual frequency implemented in each country, 750 MHz to 800 MHz is assumed to be a TX band and 800 MHz to 850 MHz is assumed to be an RX band around 800 MHz as an example. As shown in FIG. 13, if the base station is a conventional type that is compatible with three axes but the base station is not compatible with three axes, the own station itself optimizes the three-axis coupling coefficient of the RX channel, The three-axis coupling coefficient of the TX channel is optimized through communication. If the base station supports three axes, the own station itself optimizes the three-axis coupling coefficient of the RX channel and optimizes the three-axis coupling coefficient of the TX channel through communication with the base station. The triaxial coupling coefficient for each of TX and RX is also optimized.

<Statistical indicators for channel equalization>
Assuming that the average reception level when the XYZ triaxial adaptation is performed at the terminal is 1, the average reception level is π / 4 (−2 dB) when receiving with a single dipole or loop without performing it. There is no big difference. As shown in FIG. 14, XYZ three-axis adaptation is meaningful in that the probability that the reception level is null below the threshold is reduced to 1/3 to 1/5 in the standard channel fading model. If it stays at the null point, reception stops during that time, but if it moves, it will be null for a moment.

<Wireless charging>
Modern transceivers need to charge lithium ion rechargeable batteries with an AC adapter. Since this is complicated, the wireless battery charger is shared with the mobile phone or the like when it is wirelessly charged with a general-purpose charger, and charging is always performed in the home, on the road, or in a moving car. I would like to extend the service life significantly by the number of accumulated discharges. The coils necessary for this are formed on the same printed circuit board as the XYZ triaxial coils as shown in FIG.
As an example, when the carrier wave for wireless power transmission is selected to be 13.56 MHz and the copper loss of the wireless charging coil can be ignored and the radiation loss is the main no-load loss, the range of 0 <R <λ / 2π (= 3.5 m) Coil-coil power transmission efficiency is constant and 50% to 70% (1 <mL <2, mL is the ratio of load resistance to radiation resistance). The notion that I don't think is the story of the Faraday world where the coil does not resonate. .

<Flexible board antenna>
A single rigid PCB substrate can form only one of the XYZ three axes. If inexpensive polyester flexible is used, it can be bent as shown in FIG. 16 to form an XYZ triaxial antenna, and the sharp resonance frequency of the antenna can be accurately tuned by calibration that is always performed. A coil for wireless power transmission can be added to this. In the case of full duplex, the TX coil and RX coil are formed on both sides of the flexible substrate.

<Reducing manufacturing costs>
Compared to a circuit using a conventional inductance-loaded shortening antenna for transmission / reception, the micro-resonant loop antenna system reduces the number of components as shown in FIG. The amount is about 500 yen.

<Reduction of influence of surrounding metal>
Compared with the conventional antenna loading shortening antenna system, the influence on the transmission / reception of peripheral components and metal is greatly reduced in inverse proportion to the resonance Q value. As shown in FIG. 18, the influence of surrounding parts and metals can be quantified and handled by the current induced by the incoming electromagnetic field H. A metal plate having a large influence in general on the peripheral foreign matter is equivalent to a short ring. The conventional Faraday concept is that electromagnetic induction is a magnetic phenomenon, and a similar current i1 expressed by Equation 4 flows through an antenna and a short ring designed based on the principle. Therefore, the metal plate has a significant influence on the operation of the antenna. On the other hand, in the minute resonance loop antenna, the reactance of the inductance and the resonance capacitance is canceled, and a current i2 expressed by Equation 5 obtained by dividing the induced voltage by the radiation resistance flows.

The ratio of i2 and i1 is therefore Q times, and in the case of a transceiver, it can be about Q = 100. This means that the microresonant loop antenna is affected only by about 1/100 of the influence of surrounding metals as compared with the conventional antenna. Furthermore, if Q is further increased, it has been confirmed by experiments that a mobile phone contained in a metal case can be accessed, and the conventional common sense that a metal as a foreign object shields an incoming electromagnetic field is fundamental. To cover.

<Reduction of human influence>
A human body whose water content is 70% does not give an action like a metal plate to wireless power transmission. Even if the transceiver that performs radio communication at 800 MHz is on the opposite side of the partner station, the human body is not affected. There is a big difference in the effect that 800 MHz and 2.45 GHz overheat human tissue. What should be verified now is the relationship between frequency, power, and threshold value for replacing DNA bases in human cells. This base substitution occurs instantaneously, but the accumulating effect is that the number of substitutions increases with the chance of exposure. When the base is replaced, it is inherited as it is in cell division. All germ cells remain replaced.
First, in the case of a minute resonance loop antenna as shown in FIG. 19, the extent to which a human body or hand affects transceiver transmission / reception is negligible. In particular, it has been confirmed that when it is embedded in a micro-resonant loop antenna, it is in the same state as holding the antenna element in the hand, but has no effect.
Next, as shown in FIG. 20, the degree to which the combination of the incoming electromagnetic field and the induced electromagnetic field damages the human body is examined. In this case, the electric field in the vicinity is proportional to the square root of the power output. Using a model that damages to the human body depends on the product of frequency and electric field, safety standards become clear.
Here, a specific model of the threshold value of the spatial voltage for replacement of the DNA base ATGC as shown in FIG. 21 is examined. There are three main factors for DNA replacement as follows.
1) Ultraviolet rays, X-rays, electromagnetic waves 2) Particle exposure (alpha rays, etc.)
3) Chemical reaction (coal tar, etc.)
When a spatial potential difference is applied to DNA, if the potential difference is 1 V per length (eg, 1 nm) at which the base is affected regardless of its frequency, the base is changed when the incoming electromagnetic field leaves. That is the background. Even if the coupling is affected by the incoming electromagnetic field and the coupling is uncertain, it is usually in the original coupling state when the incoming electromagnetic field leaves, but if a disturbance is added during that time, the base returns to another stable state. It is a replacement. Since electromagnetic waves travel, the higher the frequency, the greater the potential gradient. In 850 MHz, 100 MHz, and 10 MHz, the same base change resistance has a power ratio as shown on the right side of the figure.

<Theory of antenna and radiation>
In order to optimize and operate a transceiver, antennas and radio wave propagation theory must be widely and deeply understood in electromagnetics, and the system must be freely constructed. For this reason, scientists, professors, and supervising engineers around the world must correctly learn the field of micro-antennas that have never appeared in textbooks. The background of the overlooked micro-resonant radiating element antenna is that the architecture of the IC chip design to be combined with it is underdeveloped, and because RF engineers can usually measure only at 50/75 ohms, The main reason is that the minute antenna cannot be handled empirically.
<Micro dipole and micro loop>
The reference of the antenna is a half-wave dipole, the reactance component approaches zero near the half-wave, and the radiation resistance is 73 ohms. The loop antenna has a reactance component approaching zero when the perimeter is 1 wavelength, and becomes omnidirectional in the plane of the loop except for the direction of the feed point, but is not a reference. However, within the framework of electromagnetism, everyone will be aware for the first time in the following discussion that the essence of things can be better determined by considering a microdipole antenna and a microloop antenna as a reference rather than a half-wave dipole or single-wavelength loop. . However, since the small dipole and the micro loop have the excellent feature that they are narrow bands, the understanding that the wide band (broadband) is good is instilled, so the understanding is not progressing. Micro dipoles and micro loops have similar characteristics. FIG. 22 shows the characteristics of a minute dipole and a minute loop. This will help you understand how these two elements are fundamental to radio wave propagation and are also related to the interaction of elementary particles.
Equation 6 is the radiation resistance of the minute antenna element.
Equation 7 is the reactance of the minute antenna element. The micro dipole is capacitive and the micro loop is inductive.
Formula 8 is the ratio between the reactance of the minute antenna element and the radiation resistance, and indicates the Q value of resonance that occurs when the reactance having the opposite sign is loaded and the reactance of the minute antenna is canceled. The smaller the antenna is, the higher the Q value can be obtained. The gain of the microresonant antenna is equal to that of the half-wave dipole, but this is why it has a narrow band. In the case of a minute loop antenna, the Q value is independent of the number of turns n.

Expression 9 is an open terminal voltage with respect to the incoming electric field E when the small antenna element is not loaded. The smaller the antenna, the lower the terminal voltage.
Equation 10 is the available power when the reactance having the opposite sign is loaded, the reactance of the minute antenna is canceled, and terminated with the same resistance value as the radiation resistance. The effective power is the same for both the micro dipole and the micro loop, and the effective power is independent of the size of the antenna.
S / N, which is the ratio of the thermal noise due to the radiation field temperature of the incoming electric field E and the radiation resistance, is expressed by Equation 11, but does not depend on the size of the antenna. The characteristics of the half-wave dipole with respect to the minute dipole are that a loading capacity for canceling the reactance is unnecessary, and the resonance is merely a relatively wide band. The claim that Oliver snakeside radiation is a flow of energy is broken here.
What is necessary for a receiving antenna whose feed point is terminated with an amplifier IC chip is not the effective power but the resonance voltage shown in Formula 12, and the smaller the antenna size, the larger the resonance voltage (this is the case for all antenna technologies). Can be overlooked by the other).
Expression 13 is a resonance current with respect to the incoming electric field E of the minute antenna. The smaller the antenna, the larger the resonance current.
Expression 14 is re-radiation as a far field by the resonance current of the minute antenna. The re-radiation capability of the antenna at the desired frequency does not depend on the size of the antenna so long as the copper loss is negligible with respect to the radiation resistance.
<Near field and far field of minute antenna>
In the world of minute antennas, as shown in FIG. 23, all antennas can be configured by combining basic shapes of minute dipoles and minute loops.
In electromagnetism, the electromagnetic field of a small antenna is expressed as Equation 15, 16, and 17 from Bio-Savart's law.

<Geometric realization method of resonant coil>
As shown in FIG. 24, the XYZ triaxial micro-resonance loop and the wireless power transmission receiving coil are formed on a single flexible substrate. If the ratio of reactance and radiation resistance is determined to be Q = 100, the ratio of the radius of the coil to the wavelength is determined regardless of the number of turns n, and a / λ = 0.06.
Since the wavelength of the center frequency of 800 MHz is 38 cm, a = 22 mm. The inductance is 85 nH from Equation 7, the resonance capacitance is 0.5 pF, and the capacitance is formed by a small area capacitance of a polyester film having a thickness of 50 μm. The skin thickness of copper at this frequency is about 3 um. Copper loss is smaller than radiation loss.

<About the MIMO system>
FIG. 25 is a comparison between the MIMO system and the microcell system. The MIMO method, which is considered as a trump card in the future, is a method of effectively increasing the number of communication channels by setting the array factor of the transmission / reception array antenna of the base station for each fine direction to be a multi-beam. However, the same can be achieved with the micro cell system, which is a miniaturized cell system cell currently in use, and both can reduce the total power, but the cost of the installation site and the cost will be greatly reduced. It is only necessary to select which one is more economical considering the transceiver unit of the base station. Whereas this logical method is essential for the determination of natural reason, the MIMO method and the microcell method are superficial. The Beyond-MIMO that this system develops is about nature.

According to the present invention, equalization of a communication channel that avoids a null point of reception is performed using three coils having three axes of XYZ, and the frequency / area utilization rate is about 1.5 times with the current mobile phone communication system. Can be used at high density. Further, the S / N performance of reception can be improved by about 8 dB. Further, it is possible to reduce reception in-band interference to 1/10 or less. Further, the power consumption of the LNA can be reduced to 1/10 or less. Further, the power consumption of the TX amplifier can be reduced to about 60%. In addition, other circuit drives except for the display device can be set to a single voltage. It can also be wirelessly charged. The transceiver manufacturing cost can be reduced by about 500 yen. Also, the null point is avoided and the bandwidth is narrowed, so CDMA can make a greatly simplified world standard, and finally all mobile communications can double the communication capacity and shift to 1 GHz or less Beyond -It can be the cornerstone of MIMO.

FIG. 26 shows the best microresonant loop form and its equivalent circuit for a microband CDMA (MCDMA) transceiver centered around 800 MHz virtually.

FIG. 27 shows an embodiment of a transceiver that has been considered to be improved based on this system. There are four IC chips required for a mobile phone: a front-end chip, a wireless charging profile chip, a baseband chip, and an LCD display module. The front end chip and the wireless charging profile chip are mounted on a flexible board together with an antenna pattern, and are connected to the main board by a connector. Baseband chip with built-in microcomputer is mounted on rigid main board, key scan button, speaker / microphone, control part of charging profile IC chip, connector part with flexible board, and LCD display module also mounted on main board Connected to. All of the external components mounted on the flexible substrate are shown in the figure, and are significantly simpler and have fewer components than conventional transceivers.

The present invention can be widely applied as a basic structure of a wireless communication device such as a transceiver, a mobile phone, WiFi, or WiMax.

Is a conventional antenna and a minute resonance loop. Are an XYZ triaxial TX / RX antenna and a wireless power charging coil. Is a narrowband resonant electronically tuned RX / TX antenna. Is a function of a tunable loop antenna. Is the S / N of the BNC input of the external antenna. Is the S / N of the inductor loaded short monopole. Is the S / N of the microresonant loop. Is a variable electronic tuning circuit with fine capacitance switching. Is the class D drive and lower voltage of the TX antenna. Is an XYZ triaxial antenna that allows a free attitude. Is a half-duplex transmission / reception optimization algorithm. Is the ability to eliminate excessive interference in the band. Is a full duplex transmission / reception optimization algorithm. Is a statistical indicator of space utilization. Is a wireless charging system. Is a flexible substrate antenna. Is a reduction in manufacturing costs. Is the difference in the influence of the metal around the antenna. Is the influence of the mobile phone handset and the human body. Is a comparison of 3 W wireless power electromagnetic field and mobile phone 1 W TX radiation. Is the potential difference tolerance of DNA base substitution. Is the operating principle of a high Q micro-antenna. Is near-field / far-field radiation from a high-Q micro-antenna. Is the geometrical realization of the resonant coil. Is a multi-beam MIMO scheme. Is the best form. Is an example.

Claims (11)

A front-end IC chip on the same flex, with one, two, or meaningfully three resonant coils drawn in a pattern on a single flexible printed circuit board (flexible) and connected to a narrowband tuned capacitor When mounting the flexible cable on the transceiver, it is possible to bend the directivity of up to XYZ three axes perpendicular to each other so that each resonance coil has it, and loaded with a conventional 1/4 wavelength monopole or inductor Compared with the shortened whip antenna, the input voltage to the IC chip is increased by about 20 dB with respect to the same incoming electric field, and when the bias current that determines LNA (low noise amplifier noise) is constant, Reducing the contribution relatively, improving the reception S / N performance by 6 dB or more, and having a non-linear LC Filters prevent jamming and prevent LNAs from attacking. By meaningfully mixing the outputs of three RX low noise amplifiers connected to the three XYZ axis resonance coils respectively with complex linear coupling coefficients (ie, changing the phase and amplitude), it is possible to The maximum receiving sensitivity should be directed to the direction of arrival including the path. Also, as an optimization algorithm for giving variable phase amount and variable amplitude to the three channels of XYZ axes, in the case of vertical polarization, a horizontal plane 360 degree scan is performed by linear combination of the outputs of the X axis coil and the Y axis coil around the vertical axis. The hill-climbing logic that performs tilt correction and null point avoidance by adding the output of the Z-axis coil to this is used. When used in horizontal polarization, the output of the Z-axis coil that is omnidirectional in the horizontal plane is used as it is, and the linear combination of the output of the X-axis coil and the Y-axis coil is added to this to correct the tilt and null. Do point avoidance. When switching the transceiver to TX mode in half-duplex communication, the XYZ 3-axis linear coupling coefficient optimized in RX mode is given as it is as 3-phase XYZ 3-axis variable phase amount and positive / negative variable amplitude in TX mode. Minimize power and suppress the generation of null points. If the TX mode continues, switch to the RX mode at the moment when the conversation is interrupted to maintain / update the optimization coefficient. In order to guarantee that the null point is avoided in the RX mode and that the other party is not given a null point in the TX mode, the frequency of the RX mode determined by the partner and the TX determined by the partner are determined. Mode frequency must match. In order to match this, either the frequency of both X-Tal oscillators must match the respective reception frequency, or one can arrange to do this. Also, if the partner is an XYZ 3-axis transceiver, changing the weighting in that TX mode will change the optimization conditions of this RX mode due to multipath, etc., so make sure that the optimization is not performed at the same time in two-way exchanges. . Alternatively, when RX / TX optimization is performed on both sides, the optimization coefficient should be exchanged so that further optimization can be performed. A full-duplex communication transceiver such as a mobile phone has a TX channel tunable XYZ triaxial coil set and an RX channel tunable XYZ triaxial coil set, and the TX coil set and RX coil set are close to each other. Even though they are out of sync with each other and do not interfere with each other, each establishes an optimal linear combination coefficient through communication with the other station or base station. The operation Q of the XYZ-axis antenna coil sized to operate in the radiation loss limited region, not the copper loss limited region, can be maintained at 100 or more even when there is a human body, a transceiver chassis, or a mounted component nearby. . For this reason, even if the TX amplifier is operated in class D (switching mode), unnecessary radiation to the distant / near vicinity as harmonics is still satisfied and meets the standards of the Radio Law. Compared with the TX of operation, it can be reduced to about ½. In order to do this correctly, remove components or mechanisms that resonate within the transmit / receive band from the transceiver handset machine, or change the resonance to be outside the transmit / receive band. The external coil and the external resonant capacitor can be tuned at the upper limit of the frequency band of the transceiver to be used, and the minute capacitance built in the IC chip can be added little by little to cover the lower limit of the frequency band of the transceiver. To do so. The size of the NMOS transistor switch for switching the fine capacitance should be selected so that the ON resistance does not make the resonance Q value 100 or less, and the OFF capacitance does not shift the resonance frequency out of the band. This tuning is performed as a self-oscillation mode of the IC chip and compared with a reference frequency by an FSS (frequency synthesizer), and the tuning frequency change calibration due to the proximity effect of the metal chassis of the human body or the transceiver is calibrated. Maintain the highest possible Q value of the antenna coil so that the human body and the transceiver's metal chassis / mounted components do not affect the transceiver's reception and transmission performance. Conventional inductor loading shortened monopoles required that the radiating element be far away from the transceiver housing and hand, but in the microresonant loop with a much higher Q factor, the effect of nearby metal, transceiver housing and hand is virtually eliminated. Since it does not receive, make it an embedded type structure. A XYZ triaxial coil is drawn as a pattern, and a flexible tuning board for wireless power transmission is drawn on a flexible board on which a resonant capacitor and a front end chip are mounted. Abolish the AC adapter / charger so that a common wireless charger can be used for mobile devices. XYZ triaxial coil and wireless power transmission receiving tuning coil are drawn as a substrate pattern, a flexible substrate with a front-end chip and a wireless power compatible charging profile chip mounted, with resonant electrodes on both sides facing each other with a base film in between Make up. After calibrating and storing the frequency shift due to the variation in the frequency of each of the XYZ triaxial coils of the transceiver and the influence of nearby metal in a non-volatile memory, a fixed resonant frequency arrangement is given to give three arbitrary values Innumerable combinations of analog IDs (electronic fingerprints) are stored in the following gate even in the absence of a battery so that backscatter can be detected remotely with weak radio waves, and the physical key for communication To do. Once the transceiver's lithium-ion battery is discharged, it can be just a mess in mountain distress and marine accidents. Although it was a conventional idea to charge the battery with a hand-driven generator as much as possible, the present invention has an emergency SOS button, and in this toggle mode, passive resonance can be detected from a distance. Also, if you are buried in an avalanche with the frequency combination ID that you registered when you entered the mountain, you should be a clue to search.