EP3898179A1 - Identification d'objets produits au cours d'un procédé d'impression 3d - Google Patents

Identification d'objets produits au cours d'un procédé d'impression 3d

Info

Publication number
EP3898179A1
EP3898179A1 EP19835393.0A EP19835393A EP3898179A1 EP 3898179 A1 EP3898179 A1 EP 3898179A1 EP 19835393 A EP19835393 A EP 19835393A EP 3898179 A1 EP3898179 A1 EP 3898179A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
pattern
printing method
produced
printing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19835393.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Patrick Leisching
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toptica Photonics AG
Original Assignee
Toptica Photonics AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toptica Photonics AG filed Critical Toptica Photonics AG
Publication of EP3898179A1 publication Critical patent/EP3898179A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a 3D printing method, in which a material is applied layer by layer and a three-dimensional workpiece is thus produced.
  • the invention also relates to a method for identifying a workpiece produced in the 3D printing method.
  • 3D printing also known as additive manufacturing, additive manufacturing (AM), generative manufacturing or rapid prototyping, is a comprehensive term for all manufacturing processes in which material is applied layer by layer to create three-dimensional workpieces.
  • the layers are built up computer-controlled from one or more liquid or solid materials according to specified dimensions and shapes, which are usually provided by a CAD system. During the set-up, physical or chemical flushing or melting processes take place.
  • Typical materials for 3D printing are plastics, synthetic resins, ceramics and metals.
  • the invention achieves this object by a 3D printing method according to claim 1 and by a method for identifying a workpiece produced in the 3D printing method according to claim 8.
  • the method according to claim 9 is particularly suitable for identifying a workpiece produced in the 3D printing method according to claim 1.
  • the invention proposes a 3D printing method, in which a material is applied layer by layer and a three-dimensional workpiece is thus produced, a material parameter being varied during or after the application of the material, so that the variation of the material parameter forms a pattern in the workpiece produced .
  • a process parameter of a physical or chemical hardening or melting process used to produce the composite material being used to vary the material parameter during the application of the material is varied.
  • the computer control of the 3D printer used can suitably control the print head.
  • a particular advantage is that a uniform material can be used for printing the workpiece. With other values, the finished workpiece consists of a single material. No second material has to be used to generate the coding, which would make the printing process considerably more complicated.
  • the pattern preferably forms a coding for marking the workpiece.
  • the material parameter should be varied between two predetermined values or value ranges, so that the coding is a binary code, in particular a two-dimensional binary code, preferably a QR code.
  • the reading of such a code is e.g. with radiation in the range of 50 GHz-2 THz, with thermometric analysis, magnetometry and / or other imaging methods possible.
  • an embossed 3-bit coding is already suitable, for example, for applications in plastic printing.
  • Eight identical workpieces are manufactured simultaneously in one process. After production, these are transported unsorted to a collection container or the like. If there are now fluctuations in the quality of the workpieces, this is usually due to the 3D printer.
  • the 3-bit coding allows each workpiece to be assigned a position in the manufacturing process so that the source of the quality fluctuations can be determined very quickly and the error can be remedied.
  • pixel sizes of approx. 1-2 mm are sufficient.
  • encoded information can be contained in this coding. In this way, protection against plagiarism or the preservation of license rights can be ensured.
  • the areas in which the material parameter is varied have a polyhedral, conical or cylindrical structure.
  • the suitable shape of the varied areas makes it particularly easy to create and / or record a pattern that meets the respective requirements.
  • the pattern is preferably generated below an outer surface of the workpiece, so that it is not visible from the outside.
  • the pattern can be generated in particular below a protective coating, for example under a coating of the workpiece. This means that the pattern cannot be viewed directly. This further complicates possible counterfeiting or imitation.
  • the varied material parameters can be the density, the refractive index, the susceptibility and / or the thermal conductivity of the material. In contrast to other approaches to creating samples, one of these measures makes it possible to insert the samples into the workpiece in a cost- and time-efficient manner and less prone to errors.
  • the pattern generated by the spatial variation of the material parameter in the workpiece, which forms a coding is recorded and the identity of the workpiece is derived therefrom.
  • a hidden pattern can also be detected by using the electromagnetic radiation.
  • the absorption and / or reflection or scatter of the electromagnetic radiation is influenced by the variation of the material parameter. This creates a contrast that can be used to read the pattern. It is particularly advantageous if the detection of the pattern is carried out by means of electromagnetic radiation at a frequency higher than 250 GFIz. In this way, a sufficiently high resolution can be achieved for most applications.
  • the variation of the material parameter can produce a contrast that is well suited for reading out the pattern at frequencies above 250 GFIz.
  • all types of spectroscopy can be used according to the invention, provided that they are suitable for the respective application.
  • the method can advantageously be terahertz spectroscopy, thermometry or magnetometry, depending on which material parameter is varied and which spectroscopy method responds to the parameter variation.
  • the pattern can advantageously be acquired by means of a conventional, commercially available terahertz camera or by means of a thermal camera.
  • a further development of the method according to the invention provides that the terahertz camera is integrated in a Fland scanner when the pattern is acquired and is operated by Fland by a user. This enables a particularly flexible inspection of the workpiece.
  • An additional development provides that the pattern and / or the coding formed from the pattern are compared with a data record stored on a trustworthy server for authenticating the workpiece. For example, a coding can be assigned to each workpiece when it is positioned. This further development according to the invention can thus be used to determine whether it is an original or a plagiarism.
  • the invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a 3D-printed workpiece with stripes introduced in terms of density from the rest
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the
  • a workpiece is designated by the reference numeral 1.
  • a pattern 2 in the form of a plurality of strip-shaped sections 2a is introduced into the workpiece 1 during the positioning process.
  • the strip-shaped sections 2a are made of the same material as the rest of the workpiece 1, but have a different density. The density varies in the percentage range.
  • the width of the strip-like sections 2a is in the millimeter range in this exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 shows images of a terahertz scanner in transmission (left) and in reflection (right), in which the strip-shaped sections 2 introduced into the workpiece 1 can be clearly seen.
  • a binary coding in the form of a bar code can be generated by such strip-shaped sections 2a.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows a cuboid workpiece 1 with a pattern 2 in the form of a QR code 2b introduced under the surface according to the invention.
  • the QR code can be read using a portable Fland scanner 3 (e.g. a thermal camera with integrated image processing).
  • a portable Fland scanner 3 e.g. a thermal camera with integrated image processing.
  • a flexible assignment and authentication of the workpiece 1 is thus possible.
  • the density in the strip-shaped sections 2 in FIG. 1 can be adjusted by adapting the algorithm in 3D printing or manipulated by post-processing with laser light. It is also possible to specifically influence another material parameter on or just below the surface of the workpiece, so that the material parameters density, refractive index and / or thermal conductivity can be used in a targeted manner for detection with appropriate spectroscopy.
  • QR code with pixels with diameters in the range of approx. 0.1 to 1 mm, so that in principle more than 256 bits can be encoded on one square centimeter.
  • a release of approx. 0.5 mm can be achieved with high-frequency radiation of 400 GHz or purely optically 0.5-1 THz.
  • Different approaches are available for this: For example, a phased array operating at the appropriate frequency, consisting of antennas with a low frequency and movement of a beam lobe for scanning the pattern, or a pulsed terahertz system with a high frequency.
  • the information depth of the coding can be set variably via the structuring. This enables the workpiece 1 to be clearly identified, e.g. possible to assign the manufacturing data and the manufacturer.
  • the coding can contain encrypted information. In this way, protection against plagiarism or the preservation of license rights can be realized.
  • One particular application here is the supply of spare parts.
  • 3-bit coding can already be useful for other applications.
  • the algorithm of the printing method is instead adapted during printing, ie, for example, the density of the printed material specifically influenced on a scale in the sub-millimeter range.
  • material densities of up to 99% are achieved in the target state, this parameter can be reduced by a few percent or more through the targeted intervention; in extreme cases, a pixel is not printed, but remains enclosed in the workpiece 1 as raw material.
  • material properties such as the refractive index, reflectivity, magneto-optical properties and / or thermal conductivity are changed in the percentage range. This is sufficient to e.g. read out the inserted code by reflection using a conventional terahertz scanner (typically a 1% change in refractive index is detectable when using terahertz radiation).
  • a coding can be introduced by post-treatment of the surface or the layer under the cover layer, e.g. through two-photon absorption in the focus of a laser beam in the material.
  • the electromagnetic radiation in the terahertz range used for detection cannot penetrate metallic materials (skin effect, penetration depth only in the pm range), but the density variation or the targeted introduction of imperfections can also be applied to the top cover layer.
  • a coating is applied to the components, which is penetrated by terahertz radiation (e.g. non-metallic paints).
  • Terahertz radiation penetrates into plastic materials, so the code can also be inserted here in depth.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'impression 3D, un matériau étant appliqué couche par couche et une pièce tridimensionnelle (1) étant ainsi produite. En outre, l'invention concerne un procédé d'identification d'une pièce (1) produite au cours du procédé d'impression 3D. L'objet de l'invention est de mettre au point un procédé de codage fiable et d'identification ultérieure d'une pièce fabriquée au cours de l'impression 3D. À cet effet, selon l'invention, un paramètre de matériau est modifié pendant ou après l'application du matériau, de sorte que la modification du paramètre de matériau forme un motif (2) dans la pièce (1) produite, et en outre qu'un motif (2), qui est produit dans la pièce (1) par une modification spatiale d'un paramètre de matériau et qui forme un codage, est détecté au moyen d'un procédé à résolution spatiale à l'aide d'un rayonnement électromagnétique et l'identité de la pièce (1) en est déduite.
EP19835393.0A 2018-12-21 2019-12-19 Identification d'objets produits au cours d'un procédé d'impression 3d Withdrawn EP3898179A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018133560 2018-12-21
PCT/EP2019/086441 WO2020127822A1 (fr) 2018-12-21 2019-12-19 Identification d'objets produits au cours d'un procédé d'impression 3d

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3898179A1 true EP3898179A1 (fr) 2021-10-27

Family

ID=69157797

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19835393.0A Withdrawn EP3898179A1 (fr) 2018-12-21 2019-12-19 Identification d'objets produits au cours d'un procédé d'impression 3d

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3898179A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020127822A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106102643A (zh) * 2014-02-11 2016-11-09 B·基泽 结构编码的可植入装置
JP5880791B1 (ja) * 2014-04-14 2016-03-09 コニカミノルタ株式会社 立体造形物の製造装置および製造方法
US20170120338A1 (en) * 2015-11-02 2017-05-04 Baker Hughes Incorporated Additive manufacturing part identification method and part
WO2018140021A1 (fr) 2017-01-26 2018-08-02 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Cession d'objets 3d imprimés

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2020127822A1 (fr) 2020-06-25

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