EP3386729A1 - Procédé d'impression en trois dimensions pour la fabrication d'un produit protégé contre les falsifications par une caractéristique de sécurité - Google Patents

Procédé d'impression en trois dimensions pour la fabrication d'un produit protégé contre les falsifications par une caractéristique de sécurité

Info

Publication number
EP3386729A1
EP3386729A1 EP16808989.4A EP16808989A EP3386729A1 EP 3386729 A1 EP3386729 A1 EP 3386729A1 EP 16808989 A EP16808989 A EP 16808989A EP 3386729 A1 EP3386729 A1 EP 3386729A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
product
feature
providing
positions
predetermined
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16808989.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Klaus Franken
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Unica Technology AG
Original Assignee
Unica Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unica Technology AG filed Critical Unica Technology AG
Publication of EP3386729A1 publication Critical patent/EP3386729A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
    • G05B19/4099—Surface or curve machining, making 3D objects, e.g. desktop manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/1205—Testing spectral properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
    • G05B2219/35134—3-D cad-cam
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49007—Making, forming 3-D object, model, surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q30/00—Commerce
    • G06Q30/018—Certifying business or products
    • G06Q30/0185—Product, service or business identity fraud

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional printing method for producing a product protected against counterfeiting with at least one first security feature comprising the following method steps: providing a digital 3D model of the product to be produced, providing the positions for the at least first feature substance for the at least first security feature, Providing the digital model as a program code for controlling an SD printer, providing at least a first predetermined material for the 3D printing, providing at least one second predetermined material from the at least one feature substance or containing the same or layered construction of the Produce with the at least one first predetermined material, providing the at least one feature substance at the intended positions, and removing the product from the manufacturing plant or the working space of the SD prints rs and the preparation for the intended use.
  • Products are increasingly made of polymeric materials or the proportion of polymeric materials in products at the expense of valuable materials such as metals or woods, for example, is constantly increasing.
  • Typical manufacturing processes are optimized for mass production, while the complexity of a polymeric product such as a dashboard part for a vehicle can be very high. Production processes of high-value goods are thus becoming more and more affordable, but at the expense of flexibility with regard to small quantities.
  • the object of new production methods is to satisfactorily meet demands for unit flexibility, quality and complexity at low unit costs.
  • additive manufacturing processes or 3D printing are known. Accordingly, the market for products made by the so-called 3D printing process is increasing explosively, with continued development for some very low cost devices for both semi-professional and industrial applications.
  • the industrial applications are already very diverse today, although the 3D printing processes (also generative or additive manufacturing processes) currently still operate at relatively low speeds (10 to 20 cm / h). It is expected for the next few years, a duplication of this value.
  • the fast authentication also includes the option that the entire process could be automated, including the exploitation of the obtained authentication results.
  • a method according to the preamble of claim 1, which achieves the above object, is characterized in particular by providing the at least one second predetermined material comprising: providing at least a second predetermined material for the 3-D pressure, the at least second Material comprising at least one feature substance; and that the steps of printing and providing are summarized: printing of the product with the predetermined first and second materials at the intended positions in a combined printing step.
  • a three-dimensional printing method for the Producing a product protected against counterfeiting with at least one first security feature comprises the method steps of providing a digital 3D model of the product to be created, providing the positions for the at least first feature substance for the at least first security feature, providing the digital model A program code for controlling a 3D printer, providing at least two predetermined materials for SD printing, wherein at least one material comprises the at least one feature substance, the printing or the layered construction of the product with the predetermined materials and the feature substances on the provided Positions, as well as the removal of the product from the manufacturing plant or the working space of the SD printer and the preparation for the intended use.
  • the provision of the 3D model may include the generation of the digital 3D model by a CAD method, in particular by a CAD method, a 3D scan or a stored data set; providing the positions of the feature substance may include determining the location coordinates in the digital 3D model of the object; and providing the digital model may include converting the model data into the program code.
  • the printing process which term refers to various 3D forming methods discussed herein, may preferably be logged and the records contained in the log uploaded directly to a product database containing all data specific to each individual product.
  • lots are each created with the same specific characteristics and thus are clones in terms of authentication.
  • a control unit may be provided, which predetermines the item of manufactured article the location (s) of the defined volume element (s), including their volume dimensions and if there is more than one feature substance, the type of feature substance. These locations can be determined either from a database or by a random generator from a predetermined set of locations.
  • the one or more predetermined volume elements form surface sections of the article to be produced.
  • the one or more predetermined Volume elements sections in the interior of the article to be produced in particular in magnetic feature substances or magnetically detectable feature substances or in transparent or partially transparent or translucent products.
  • volume elements are expansions, starting from cubes, of e.g. 200 x 200 x 200 microns possible and reasonable volumes can be up to 2 x 2 x 2 millimeters edge length.
  • a cuboid of e.g. 0.5 x 0.5 x 2 millimeters edge length, where then the largest length makes an orientation along the surface of the product. This results then different responses of the sensors of the detection device depending on the direction from which is looked at the product, which also represents this difference is a security feature.
  • the length of the strand of the cuboid may e.g. associated with the lot number or the production period.
  • the volume element may be a complete or a correspondingly applied partial layer.
  • the feature substance (s) are, for example, upconverters and / or downconverters, in which shortwave radiation is converted into longerwave radiation (down-conversion) and / or longerwave into shortwave (up-conversion) radiation by fluorescence.
  • the product database can be decentralized in a mobile or stationary device, centrally located in a server or it can be created in the cloud and accessible via various servers.
  • a method for authenticating a product protected against counterfeiting with at least one first security feature the product is placed on a holding device, a detection device is provided in one or more predetermined positions, the relevant feature characteristics are registered by the feature substance (s) and its or their positions in the product, the recorded data is compared with the data on feature properties and feature positions from a product database, and a report on the result of the authentication is created.
  • the positioning of the detection device according to data from the product database is predetermined.
  • the report can give the authentication result to be stored; In doing so, the report can be stored in the product database, in particular together with the location and time of the authentication process and with the identity of the auditor or the verification device.
  • the report may include a comparison of the target / actual values of the defined property of the feature substance (s).
  • the intensity of the sensor response of each defined volume element can be measured and compared with corresponding setpoints stored in the product database.
  • the authentication result may include such a binary answer.
  • the invention provides a solution to the problem which, in addition to the physical properties of a feature substance which forms an at least first security feature, includes its location or a locally defined volume element relative to a spatial reference point as an essential attribute of the security feature.
  • a preferred embodiment is an ensemble of several security features with the same physical properties at different locations on the surface of the product.
  • the individual security features form a collective feature, which itself has a higher distinctiveness for the product than a single feature.
  • security features also referred to below as "security features” - the distinctive character of the collective feature increases to such an extent that individual labeling or personalization of the product becomes possible.
  • an ensemble of sub-security features with different feature substances with different properties relevant to the physical security function on the product, for example feature substances that differ with regard to their fluorescence spectrum.
  • the distinctive character of the collective feature thus increases, which, on the other hand, also entails greater complexity of protection against counterfeiting.
  • the task solution finally an optimal viewing angle for an observer or require a verification device to perform the verification in full.
  • the defined by the viewing angle two-dimensional projection of the three-dimensional product includes the entirety of zero coordinate and at least a first security feature and the possibly further sub-security features as a defined network that can be represented quickly and safely with an imaging detector or optionally with the human eye.
  • a detection device can, for. Example, a camera that makes a picture of the subject under certain lighting conditions, which in turn is subjected to a digital pattern analysis.
  • the coordinate zero point itself may, but not necessarily, also be marked with a sub-security feature.
  • a spatial point is to be understood as a mathematical point that is to be understood within a spatially narrowly defined volume element.
  • the sub-security features can also be verified step by step with a detection device that can detect only the feature property but is not itself installed in place, but instead Coordinate system as it can depart (scanning detector).
  • the position vectors are set with cylindrical coordinates.
  • a scanning detector in this case circling around the product, the sensor is always directed to the cylinder center, so on the product.
  • Other projection planes in three dimensions can be defined by the fact that the base of the "cylinder" is not a circle but an ellipse, an oval or another closed curve.
  • the said zero point for the coordinates can also be a sub security element.
  • this and / or other well-identifiable sub-security elements exist one can also call these points reference points; because then it does not necessarily need a "zero point.”
  • the relative position these points are sufficient to calculate the content from the arrangement of the pixels from the sub-security features; the evaluation measures the relative position of essential points and calculates a reference plane or a "zero point.”
  • the digital model of the product defines the positions of the sub-security features that make up the collective security feature.
  • This control program contains all the instructions and print parameters for the 3-D printer for creating the product (program code).
  • the printing parameters are based on the materials used, eg. As design polymers, support polymers and feature substances, dyes, etc. tuned.
  • Printing is optionally logged, with records in it that can be uploaded directly to a product database that contains all the data specific to each product.
  • these specific data with regard to the subsequent authentication of the product include the number and position of the sub-security features and their relevant properties for the security function.
  • it is not mandatory to extract the data for the product database from the production log.
  • the data insofar as they are predetermined, can also be taken during production preparation from the digital model of the product or the program code for its production.
  • Fixation of the product on a holding device Positioning of the detection device according to specifications from the product database, registration of the relevant feature properties and positions of all sub-features,
  • the result of the authentication is a simple yes / no answer in the sense of real / non-genuine.
  • the report can also be a complete log of the authentication process with all measured and stored data.
  • an all-encompassing report tailored to the circle of recipients of the report can be tailored.
  • the authentication is supplemented by a further step:
  • Deposit of the authentication result itself preferably together with the location and time of the authentication process and with the identity of the examiner or the test device, in a product database, which can then be used for a statistical evaluation of fakes of clutter, goods movements, etc.
  • additive Manufacturing is a comprehensive term for what has hitherto been known as rapid prototyping for the rapid and cost-effective production of models, samples, prototypes, tools and end products.
  • This production takes place directly on the basis of the computer-internal data models (transfer usually via the STL interface) from informal (liquids, powders and the like) or form-neutral (ribbon, wire) material by means of chemical and / or physical processes.
  • formal (liquids, powders and the like) or form-neutral (ribbon, wire) material by means of chemical and / or physical processes.
  • no specific tools are required for a specific product, which have stored the respective geometry of the workpiece or product (eg molds).
  • Urformen referred to DIN 8580 all manufacturing processes in which a solid body is made from an informal fabric. It is the shape of a geometrically determined, solid body produced and created the substance cohesion.
  • the starting materials used may be liquid, granular or powdery or may be presented as plastic semi-finished products.
  • the 3 D pressure is differentiated in powder bed processes (Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Selective Head Sintering (SHS), binder jetting and electron beam melting (EBM), free-space methods (FDM) and fused filament fabrication (FFF), laminated object modeling (FOM) Contour crafting, cold gas spraying and Electron Beam Welding) as well as liquid material techniques such as Stereolithography (SLA), Digital Light Processing (DLP) or Liquid Composite Molding (LCM).
  • SLM Selective Laser Melting
  • SLS Selective Laser Sintering
  • SHS Selective Head Sintering
  • EBM electron beam melting
  • FDM fused filament fabrication
  • FFF fused filament fabrication
  • FFF laminated object modeling
  • FFF laminated object modeling
  • thermoplastic material Contour crafting, cold gas spraying and Electron Beam Welding
  • SLA Stereolithography
  • DLP Digital Light Processing
  • LCM Liquid Composite Molding
  • thermoplastics are listed, for example, that is not exhaustive, polymers such as ABS, PC, PLA, HDPE and PPSU.
  • polymers such as ABS, PC, PLA, HDPE and PPSU.
  • a variety of composite materials are available, for. B. Laybrick or Laywood, which have a ceramic or wood-like habit.
  • 3-D printing using photopolymerizable, in particular UV-curable plastics is also very suitable for use in the context of the invention.
  • Layer by layer applications are known by the term Laminated Object Modeling (LOM). Marking of an object can therefore also be produced by a process after the printable starting material can not be applied as semifinished product (as filament, for example) as is well known to the general public, but can be applied in powder form via drop formation. See EP 2 860 020 AI.
  • methods are understood as 3-D printing methods that construct and generate a three-dimensional object element-by-element on the basis of a digital model.
  • a commercially available model that uses liquid resins instead of filaments is the M-One DLP 3D Printer from Makex Technology.
  • filament-powered 3 D printers such as Witbox, Gimax, Mankati, Craftbot, ZYYX, Ultimaker, 3dfactories, Robox, Lion3D, Makerbot, GermanRepRap, iRapid, etc.
  • Prominent industrial devices are Voxeljet, Align Technology or Stratasys. A special meaning acquire industrial processes in connection with the cross-industry project "Industry 4.0", which was also known as the "Internet of Things”.
  • security feature applied by means of 3D printing is integrated in the object to be produced such that the three-dimensional shape of the object does not differ from its unmarked variant.
  • shape of the object which may be crucial for the function of the article, as it is often desired by the manufacturer, unimpaired by the mark.
  • WO 2011/036087 A1 Patent Application Laidiol
  • EP 2 837 444 A1 European Patent Application Laidiol
  • WO 2011/036087 A1 proposes that these, preferably produced by a selective sintering or melting process, either take up the individual structure with an X-ray or ultrasound technique in the case of a porous interior of an article and virtually as a fingerprint depositing or creating created cavities filled with the same material of different density, which would be possible by incomplete sintering or melting.
  • WO 2011/036087 AI does not describe the execution of an authentication of the product in more detail, but leaves it an indication of X-ray or ultrasound analysis, for example computed tomography.
  • the method of Pilz et. al. is geared towards products made with powder bed processes such as SLS or SLM, which are manufactured as single pieces or in small batches and rather as expensive capital goods with the highest safety standards. Turbine blades are a well-known example for this product category.
  • the extension of the process by filling artificially created cavities with magnetic material does not reduce the complexity of the process. Checking a distribution of cavities is in any case an authentication on forensic level and for a fast and cost-effective authentication of small or even medium series little suitable.
  • it is necessary to integrate an additional step in the production process (closing empty cavities or filling them with magnetic material), which in the sense of the solution proposed here just to avoid.
  • EP 2 837 444 A1 aims in a similar direction, in which case the inventors focus on creating a kind of indentation in the surface, in a second step introducing an identifier therein and then closing the filled indentation in a further step by laying a thin layer of the construction material over the opening of the indentation.
  • This proposal also requires additional steps during manufacture.
  • EP 2 837 444 A1 does not present any concrete workflow that already starts at the level of the digital model and ends with a verification and certainly does not include the following steps with regard to data utilization. As a personalization reference is made in this approach to an ID chip, which is not practical for cost reasons and the additional cost of its installation in the product to solve this problem.
  • both WO 2011/036087 A1 and EP 2 837 444 A1 the location of the security feature or the positions of the sub-features on or in the object are not discussed. Rather, according to embodiments of the present invention, the location of a security feature on or in an object as a feature property is included in the security concept, so that there is a possibility for individualization (personalization) of the object and overall a higher level of security.
  • the essence of the present inventive solution is inter alia the manufacture of an article according to the above-mentioned criteria, in which a subsequent check comprises finding the thus-created location of a feature substance and its property testing, thus defining a security feature that the authentication of a product or Original product allowed.
  • the three-dimensional printing method is used with the steps of authenticating a product protected from counterfeiting by at least one first security feature from the printing process:
  • a three-dimensional printing process for the production of a product protected against counterfeiting with at least one first security feature with the following method steps: providing a digital 3D model of the product to be created, providing the positions for the at least first Feature substance for the at least first security feature, providing the digital model as a program code for controlling a 3D drawer, providing at least two predetermined materials for the 3-D printing, wherein at least one material comprises the at least one feature substance, pressure or layered construction of the Produce with the predetermined materials and the feature substances at the intended positions, Save the relevant feature properties of the feature substance (s) and their or their positions in the product in a product database, removing the product from the manufacturing plant or the working space of the 3D printer and the Preparing for the intended use, positioning a detection device in one or more predetermined positions relative to the product, registering the relevant feature characteristics of the one or more feature substances and their or their positions in the product, comparison The collected data with the data on feature properties and feature positions from a product database, and creating a report on the result of
  • the relevant feature characteristics of the feature substance (s) and their or their positions in the product are stored in a product database.
  • the product database means becoming an external database of all or at least a subset of the manufactured products, logging the printing and uploading the records in the log directly into that product database, which contains all the data specific to each product. It may also be a particular encrypted record that is printed on the product itself. This may, for example, be a steganographically intended imprint in the area of a manufacturer logo or a type designation, wherein the steganography is selected so as not to present this information in a way that disturbs the user.
  • the provision of the positions of the feature substance comprises, in a first step, the definition of the location coordinates in the digital 3D model of the object.
  • this means that the positions are predetermined. This predetermination may be deliberate by decision of the 3D printer / manufacturer of the product, or it may be made as a random selection in the context of possible meaningful positions.
  • Another aspect of the invention is the provision of the feature substance for the additive digital fabricator or short additive Fabber.
  • the product is produced by successive addition or deposition of material. It is not about stereolithography, in which a focused UV light beam, the surface in a resin bath hardens in layers, but to processes in which by binder fast-curing material, depending on the field of application plastics, gypsum, powder for metals or glass, silver, cobalt , Mineral dust, sand etc., additive is sprayed layer by layer.
  • the invention therefore also relates to a set of at least two SD printing materials, at least one of which is mixed with a substance that can be used as a security feature, in particular from the group of optically luminescent substances, the colors visible under IR or UV irradiation, and magnetic substances ,
  • 1a is a schematic perspective view of a product or of an object to be protected
  • FIG. 1b shows a view similar to FIG. 1a of an additional cavity product which involves an additional manufacturing effort
  • FIG. 1c is a representation similar to FIG. 1a of a product provided with a security feature according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 1c 2 representation of the product according to FIG. 1c on a holder and arranged together with a detection device
  • FIG. 3 a representation of a product with three security features similar to FIG.
  • FIG. 3b Schematic frontal view of the product of Fig. 3a from the perspective of the detection device
  • 3 c shows a schematic representation of the image of the image detected by the detection device
  • FIG. 4a-4c show a product with two security features similar to FIG.
  • 5a-5c show a product with two security features similar to FIG.
  • 5d shows a product with two security features similar to FIG.
  • FIG. 5e shows a product with two security features similar to FIG.
  • 6a shows a flow chart of the production of the product with the generation of the assigned first feature information as a method sequence
  • 6b shows a flow diagram of the authentication of a product
  • FIG. 7a Schematic view of a partially finished product with the
  • FIG. 7b Schematic view of a partially finished product in an early construction stage, in which no feature substances have been introduced into the product.
  • the digital model of the article is generated with suitable software such as Autodesk 123D design or Blender and combined with another suitable program, e.g. For example, Slic3r converts to 3D print data. It must be ensured that the software used supports 3D printers with several extrusion nozzles or their simultaneous operation.
  • suitable software such as Autodesk 123D design or Blender
  • Slic3r converts to 3D print data.
  • the software used supports 3D printers with several extrusion nozzles or their simultaneous operation.
  • a device (at least) in a dual-extruder design wherein the article is essentially produced from a first polymer.
  • the polymer is ABS (Acrylic-Butyl-Styrene-Polymer), which is fed to the printer as a filament having a gauge of 1.75mm.
  • the printer also has a heated print bed required to create ABS products.
  • the temperature of the print bed is 100 ° C, but can be adjusted accordingly for an optimal print result. If necessary, the pressure bed heater can be switched off, but in the case of ABS is not recommended as a construction polymer.
  • the temperature of the first extrusion die is controlled to, for example, 230 ° C, with a margin of ⁇ 20 ° C being available to optimize the result of the blow.
  • the second extrusion die is available for targeted application of the security feature.
  • the security feature is also presented as a 1.75mm filament which, in contrast to the engineering polymer, additionally contains a feature substance.
  • Fig. La shows a schematic perspective view of a product or an object to be protected la.
  • Fig. Lb shows a representation similar to Fig. La with the product lb with additional cavity 2, which entails an additional manufacturing effort.
  • cavities 2 There are such cavities 2 that are unstable during fabrication or where there is a risk that the semi-finished structure will deform. Larger cavities, without being temporarily filled, can not be covered with engineering polymer.
  • the cavity 2 of Fig. Is intended as an example of a somewhat more complicated case, in which one can not dispense with the use of a support polymer.
  • FIG. 1c now shows a schematic representation similar to FIG. 1a of a product 1a according to an embodiment of the invention, which is provided with a security feature 2 encompassed by the diagrammatic curve, consisting of an at least first feature substance 3 at two different positions 4a and 4b ,
  • Fig. 2 shows a product la according to Fig. Lc on a holder 5, which is arranged together with a detection device 9a.
  • the product or object la with security feature 2 is arranged resting on a holder 5, in particular fixed.
  • a specific spatial element is defined as the coordinate zero point 6 on the holder 5.
  • the coordinate zero point 6 is defined on a predefined position of the product la.
  • the coordinate zero point 6 is the starting point for position vectors 7, which describe the positions of the feature substances.
  • the projection of the position vectors to the positions of the at least one first security feature on a plane forms a first feature information.
  • the detection plane 8a between the product 1 a and a detection device 9a for the security feature 2 forms a first feature information 10 which, in addition to further information about the product 1a, can be stored in an object database 11 or in real time or offset in time other feature information residing in this object database can be compared.
  • the feature information may be patterns resulting from the location of the location vectors, or other representations such as hash values calculated from the patterns.
  • the representations of the distribution patterns can optionally be encrypted and thus stored as encrypted data records in an object database.
  • the detection device 9a has a detection surface which can at least partially detect all possible projection locations 12a, 12b on the detection plane. Accordingly, there is a sensor with a suitable surface area in the detection device.
  • the detection device may be a conventional image sensor having sufficient sensitivity to the emission color of the feature substance. For example, a 16 megapixel sensor with Bayer's upstream sensor provides 4 million color-sensitive sensor points. Even if this number is reduced by an upstream anti-aliasing filter, a resolution of 1000 x 1000 color pixels can be easily achieved. If the projection area covered by the sensor in one embodiment is 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm, a spatial resolution of 0.1 mm ⁇ 0.1 mm in any desired color is possible.
  • FIG. 3 a shows a representation of a product with three security features similar to FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 b shows the schematic frontal view of the product according to FIG. 3 a from the perspective of the detection device 9 a.
  • FIG. 3c then shows the schematic representation of the image of the product according to FIG. 3a detected by the detection device 9a.
  • FIG. 3a accordingly shows an embodiment of a product or object 1a with three security features 2a, 2b, 2c resting on a holder 5, on which a specific spatial element is defined as coordinate zero point 6.
  • the detection device 9a according to FIG. 3c sees on the detection plane 8a the security feature or the sub-security features 2a, 2b and 2c, possibly also the zero point 6 within one Detection surface 8b.
  • the detection surface can be defined by a circular optics with a connected sensor, eg. B. a camera sensor, which is able to assign the detected sub-features location coordinates, as z. B. in a CCD sensor or CMOS sensor is the case.
  • the detection surface 8b may also have a different shape, such as rectangular or square.
  • the result of the detection is a distribution pattern of the feature substances on the surface of the object resulting from the location coordinates.
  • the distribution pattern and the relevant property of the security feature e.g. B. luminescence at 580 nm (nanometers), are specific to the personalisable security feature.
  • the distribution pattern or a representation thereof, including an encrypted one are stored as a data record on an object database for comparison or are deposited thereon by the authentication process.
  • the security features are shown as different sized dots and also have different shapes. Both properties can be detected and used as further aspects of the security features.
  • the security features 2a, 2b and 2c printed in black here as "monochrome" dots can be detected as luminescences at different wavelengths.
  • Figs. 4a, 4b and 4c show a representation of a product with two Security features 2a and 2b similar to FIG. 2 and a scanning detection device 9b.
  • the product or object la with the security features 2a and 2b is arranged resting on a holder 5, on which a specific room element is defined as coordinate zero point 6.
  • the coordinate zero point is the starting point for position vectors 7, which describe the positions of the feature substances.
  • the projection of the position vectors to the positions of the at least first security features on a level as a detection plane 8a between the product la and a detection device 9b for the security feature 2 forms a first feature information 10, which can be stored in an object database 11 in addition to further information about the product la or with other feature information residing in that object database.
  • the detection device 9b can not detect the individual projection sites 12a, 12b at the same time, but has to approach the projection sites individually, either approaching predetermined positions or scanning the entire detection plane in a search mode.
  • the coordinate zero point is not necessarily to be understood as a physically marked point on the product or a holder, but may also be a defined location in the holder or scanning device of the detection device 9b. It is also conceivable to deposit the coordinate zero point 6 and the spatial position (position, position and orientation) of the detection device as parameters in the software of the detection device.
  • the detection plane of the detection device is cylindrically shaped, wherein the detection device 9b circulates in a circular manner with respect to the central axis (z-axis) and in a 90 ° position relative to the z-axis of the product.
  • the detection device can either bypass the product such that the predetermined position locations 12a, 12b and possibly also the coordinate zero point 6 are traversed one after the other or the cylindrical detection plane is systematically scanned.
  • the scanning variant is appropriate if the coordinates of the sub-features 2a, 2b are not known in advance.
  • Fig. 5d shows a representation of a product with two
  • FIG. 5d shows the process of authentication, wherein a rotating product on a detection device steps stepwise onto an xy- Rotary moving past level and the detection device 9b performs a scan in the z-direction at each step.
  • the product rotates about its axis, while the detection device is linearly displaced in the z-direction.
  • the movements can take place simultaneously or alternatively.
  • FIG. 5 e shows a further embodiment in which the detection device 9 c records a narrow detector-area aligned in the z-direction in one go and moves the product stepwise in the xy-plane during an authentication while the detection device 9 c generates a z in each step Direction aligned portion of the screen in a train, quasi columns, recorded.
  • the reference numeral 9c stands for the array of sensors arranged line by line, which stands for the column-like or cell-shaped detection device.
  • FIG. 5 e shows the illustration of a product with two security features similar to FIG. 2 and a scanning detection apparatus according to FIG. 5 a in yet another configuration.
  • FIG. 6a shows the production of the product with the generation of the assigned first feature information as a method sequence.
  • the production method is subdivided into the following steps:
  • Step 21 Generation of a digital model of the product with a suitable digital design tool or CAD program including the positions of the sub-features that make up the collective security feature.
  • Step 22 Conversion of the digital model into a program for controlling the additive manufacturing process.
  • Step 23 Print or layered construction of the product with the predetermined materials.
  • Printing is optionally logged, and the records in the log can be uploaded directly to a product database containing all the data specific to each product.
  • Printing here includes as a generic term 3 D production process, in particular those mentioned here.
  • Step 24 Unpack the product, d. H. Removal of the product from the production plant or the workspace of the 3-D printer as well as preparation for the intended use, for example the release of production residues, support structures and support polymers.
  • FIG. 6b visualizes the authentication of the product, the sequence of which is essentially characterized by the steps: Step 31: Fixation of the product on a holding device.
  • Step 32 Positioning of the detection device according to predetermined information, in particular according to information from the product database. It is also possible to approach different positions in succession, so to speak, to try out which specific combination of security features could be realized on the pattern.
  • Step 33 Registration of the relevant feature properties and positions of all sub-features.
  • Step 34 Comparison of the recorded data with the data on feature properties and feature positions from the product database.
  • Step 35 Generate a report on the result of the authentication.
  • Step 36 (optional) storage of the authentication result itself, preferably together with the location and time of the authentication process and with the identity of the tester or the test device, in the product database.
  • the steps 32 to 34 can also be approached iteratively several times, if different specific combination of security features could be realized in the examined pattern, so that different positions are to be approached one after the other, of which then only one has all security features.
  • Fig. 7a shows a schematic view of a partially finished product lc at a stage where a feature substance 3 with an extrusion die 13a is applied by extruding a filament 14a of a polymer containing the at least first feature substance 3 into a defined position. Meanwhile, an extrusion die 13b extrudes a construction polymer constituting the actual product. The engineering polymer is applied over a filament consisting of the engineering polymer 14b. The product in production lc rests on a thermostatically controlled printing bed 15.
  • Fig. 7b shows a partially finished product ld in an early stage
  • the extrusion nozzle 13a with the feature substance-containing filament 14a is not in operation, quasi on hold.
  • the extrusion die which is the Engineering polymer 13b applies a further extrusion die 13c in operation, which simultaneously with the engineering polymer applying die 13b applies a support polymer which is fed through the corresponding filament 14c.
  • the support polymer serves to stabilize the product during its manufacture, for example to fill cavities. After completion of the manufacturing process this is removed because the finished product no longer needs stabilization by the support polymer.
  • a filament with a feature substance it may be a so-called up-converter, which has a green luminescence after stimulation with an IR laser.
  • a transparent polymer is chosen as the matrix for the feature substance. Due to the small spatial extent of the security feature, this transparency does not occur in the otherwise colored environment of the security feature.
  • feature substances can also be used, such as downconverters (which show luminescence at higher wavelengths), IR pigments, pigments with metameric dyes or phototropic substances.
  • all feature substances are practical for a safety function that interacts with electromagnetic radiation or with electromagnetic fields in which they are excited by this radiation or the fields or reflect them in a characteristic manner, so that a response characteristic for the feature substance with suitable measuring devices (detection devices) can be detected.
  • Such an answering reaction may be a luminescence, an altered color effect, a magnetization, etc.
  • the electromagnetic radiation may have a specific effect on the feature substance by various parameters, for example frequency, field strength, polarization, possibly pulse properties, etc.
  • feature substances are also suitable be verified with an acoustic method, in particular by ultrasound. A basic requirement, however, is that the relevant property of a candidate feature substance can be detected with the detection device almost without contact without damaging the original product.
  • Security element comprehensive volume element integrated in a defined position in the product.
  • the knowledge of the position of the label and the verification method of the properties of the feature substance are for a later Authentication required.
  • the verification method consists for example of the properties of the security feature, the resulting test criteria and a calculation unit in a control unit for calculating the result.
  • the article marked with the feature substance is unpacked, wherein the unpacking comprises the removal of the article from the printing device including the liberation of production residues such as powder, support polymers, etc., and is then for its intended use or to one Authentication available.
  • the verification of the up-converter is done with an IR laser, which can be available in one embodiment as a handy laser pointer available.
  • a luminescence at the predetermined location represents the positive verification finding. The result can - but not necessarily - be stored or documented.
  • the digital model of the article is generated with suitable software such as Autodesk 123D design or Blender and combined with another suitable program, e.g.
  • Slic3r converts to 3 D print data.
  • the Software 3 D printer used here supports at least three extrusion nozzles or their simultaneous operation.
  • the 3-D printer used in this case is a trial-extruder type apparatus, the article being essentially made of a first polymer.
  • the polymer is ABS (acrylic-butyl-styrene polymer), which is fed to the printer as a filament having the gauge of 1.75mm.
  • the product or the print product contains very filigree structures.
  • a support material is extruded with the second print head, suitable for.
  • PVA polyvinyl alcohol
  • the third print head serves to apply the thermoplastic containing the feature substance.
  • the feature substance may be identical to that of the first embodiment in this example. In this case, the authentication is carried out the same as in the first exemplary embodiment.
  • an article fabricated according to the previous embodiment has a highly complex topology
  • the original manufacturer with small tolerances in the material shape is implemented to ensure the proper functioning of the object.
  • the shaping of the object in the authentication process be included.
  • a database that contains the basic data for the authentication of the product a digital model is stored in addition to the position of the security feature on the product, the test criteria and the algorithm for calculating the result of the authentication.
  • the verification of authenticity in this embodiment is that the shape of the article is scanned with a 3-D scanner and, as a result, a digital record is created which is compared to the digital model of the original product.
  • the location of the security feature is a defined coordinate in the digital model of the object. The security feature tester orients itself to the stored position for verification at that location. This process can be performed both manually and automatically.
  • the article is constructed using a layered process, such as selective laser sintering.
  • the defined volume element in this case is a layer containing the feature substance.
  • the construction material can be supplied with either a roller or a squeegee, while a second layer, which serves as a security feature is applied with a squeegee.
  • This procedure is recommended for purely metallic objects. It e.g. conceivable as a feature substance suitable rare earth metals in a metallic substrate, which is applied with the second doctor to bring. When verifying the authenticity of the object, it would be possible to detect a visible luminescent line in an area irradiated with an NIR laser.
  • the article is printed by a process based on the consolidation of a powder material with the aid of a binder (binder jetting). Similar to laser sintering (SLS) or other powder bed processes, the three-dimensional object is constructed by solidifying powder material at selected location coordinates. Commercially available devices for binder jetting combine the binder with colored inks to access these To reconstruct colored objects. It is also common for this form of 3D printing the term 3D inkjet. Devices according to this principle are z. Available from 3DPandoras or 3DSystems. A defined volume element, which is intended as a location for the security feature or a sub-feature is constructed in this application of an ink containing a feature substance and the binder.
  • the ink may, but not necessarily, contain dyes or color pigments in addition to the feature substance and the binder. It is Z. B. conceivable to make the feature substance as a black with a high absorption in the IR in a simple case and to give the security feature the shape of a matrix barcode. In an otherwise black coloration with lower IR absorption than the matrix barcode, the matrix barcode would not be visible to the naked eye or would be difficult to see, but it would be well visible to the naked eye under IR light.
  • the location of the security feature on the surface of the product can now be determined as follows:
  • the insertion and measurement can be operated both manually and automatically, for example by a robot, which inserts the products in such a template and after the verification or testing process this removes again. This process can be performed very well programmatically.
  • a higher degree of automation and greater flexibility of the verification device can be achieved by taking such a camera-controlled robot via a pattern recognition various products from a conveyor belt or a collecting container and this optionally inserts in different test facilities.
  • test device which, after the product has been identified by reason of a serial number or other individual characteristic of the product, causes the tester to move to a specific position to carry out the verification.
  • a test device which, after the product has been identified by reason of a serial number or other individual characteristic of the product, causes the tester to move to a specific position to carry out the verification.
  • Such a method is particularly suitable for verification of individual pieces that can wear markers individually at different locations.
  • the tester does not necessarily have the verification location on the surface of the marked product start automatically. An examiner can also do this manually if he has clear documentation, such.
  • Example in the form of a three-dimensional (perspective) drawing, which clearly identify the marked location.
  • a tomographic method also allows to detect security features located within the product or below the surface, for example a volume element made of a polymer material of different density compared to the surrounding material.
  • a tomographic method is particularly well suited for single piece testing.
  • Necessary part of all verification procedures is the knowledge of the location of the security feature, which is defined in any form indicative of the single or series product is deposited as a coordinate.
  • the typical coordinate for the product may be stored in the tester itself, which may be both a mobile, semi-stationary or stationary device, in a decentralized or centralized database or in the cloud.
  • a coordinate in the sense of the invention can also be noted on a product data sheet.
  • a database is thus not exclusively an electronic or digital database to understand, but the term can also stand for a paper storage.
  • all verification methods have in common that the 3-D printer is capable of applying the security feature to a selected location of the product to be manufactured.
  • all devices are suitable according to the FDM method with an at least second extrusion head (eg commercially available devices from Airwolf 3D (Airwolf HD2x), Mankati (Fullscale XT Plus), 3D Systems (CubePro Duo and CubePro Trio) or Builder 3D (Builder Dual) or devices with a multiple extrusion head.
  • an at least second extrusion head eg commercially available devices from Airwolf 3D (Airwolf HD2x), Mankati (Fullscale XT Plus), 3D Systems (CubePro Duo and CubePro Trio) or Builder 3D (Builder Dual) or devices with a multiple extrusion head.
  • An extended result of verification of the security feature in the defined volume element with a method includes features of the feature substance for its application as a security feature.
  • An example is the spectral parameters of the feature substance, such as the luminescence at a certain wavelength.
  • the safety feature applied by means of 3-D printing is integrated into the object so that the three-dimensional shape of the object does not differ from its unmarked variant.
  • the shape of the object which may be decisive for the function of the article, remains unimpaired by the marking.
  • the security feature is not tactile detectable and is thus not suitable as a basis for Braille, for example.
  • a tactile feature that is very subtly detectable can be integrated into a product. This is a special case in which the output of the verification result is simply the finding that the expected tactile impression arises at a particular location.
  • the method according to the invention essentially comprises the method steps:
  • the printheads can also be integrated in a multiple printhead.
  • Verification of the security feature in the defined volume element with a method that recognizes the properties of the feature substance for its application as a security feature.
  • Partially finished product in a production stage in which a cavity is being filled with a support polymer is Partially finished product in a production stage in which a cavity is being filled with a support polymer.
  • This step may be executed several times

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'impression en trois dimensions pour la fabrication d'un produit (1c) protégé contre les falsifications par au moins une première caractéristique de sécurité (3), selon lequel on prépare un modèle numérique 3D du produit à fabriquer en utilisant les emplacements pour la ou les premières matières de la ou des premières caractéristiques de sécurité et le modèle numérique en tant que code de programme pour la commande d'une imprimante 3D. On effectue ensuite une impression ou une construction par couches successives du produit avec les matériaux prédéfinis (14a, 134) et les matières des caractéristiques aux emplacements prévus, et le produit est retiré du système de fabrication et préparé pour l'usage auquel il est destiné.
EP16808989.4A 2015-12-08 2016-12-06 Procédé d'impression en trois dimensions pour la fabrication d'un produit protégé contre les falsifications par une caractéristique de sécurité Withdrawn EP3386729A1 (fr)

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PCT/EP2016/079888 WO2017097763A1 (fr) 2015-12-08 2016-12-06 Procédé d'impression en trois dimensions pour la fabrication d'un produit protégé contre les falsifications par une caractéristique de sécurité

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US20150134955A1 (en) * 2013-11-12 2015-05-14 Alberto Daniel Lacaze Method for Using Cryptography to Protect Deployable Rapid On-Site Manufacturing 3D Printing Systems and Enable a Single Time Printing Protocol
WO2018197380A1 (fr) * 2017-04-25 2018-11-01 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. Méthode pour empêcher la contrefaçon dans des produits imprimés en 3d
EP3505327A1 (fr) * 2017-12-28 2019-07-03 Gemalto Sa Procede de fabrication d'un objet par impression 3d et objet 3d correspondant
FR3102378B1 (fr) * 2019-10-23 2021-11-12 Safran Aircraft Engines Procédé de fabrication d’une aube en matériau composite avec bord d’attaque métallique rapporté
CN114820430B (zh) * 2022-02-18 2023-10-03 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 一种多光源协同曝光的3d打印无损检测方法

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