WO2018197380A1 - Méthode pour empêcher la contrefaçon dans des produits imprimés en 3d - Google Patents

Méthode pour empêcher la contrefaçon dans des produits imprimés en 3d Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018197380A1
WO2018197380A1 PCT/EP2018/060275 EP2018060275W WO2018197380A1 WO 2018197380 A1 WO2018197380 A1 WO 2018197380A1 EP 2018060275 W EP2018060275 W EP 2018060275W WO 2018197380 A1 WO2018197380 A1 WO 2018197380A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
random structure
item
printer
printable
printed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/060275
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rifat Ata Mustafa Hikmet
Ties Van Bommel
Original Assignee
Philips Lighting Holding B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Lighting Holding B.V. filed Critical Philips Lighting Holding B.V.
Publication of WO2018197380A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018197380A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/188—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for 3D printing a 3D item by means of fused deposition modeling.
  • the invention also relates to a 3D item obtainable with such a method, to a system for performing such a method, to the use of such a system for eavluating an item, as well as to a computer program product comprising instructions which, when the computer program product is executed by the system, cause the system to carry out the method of manufacturing.
  • 3D printing One of the aspects of digital fabrication is 3D printing.
  • 3D printing can also be used in producing molds which can then be used for replicating objects.
  • FDM Fused Deposition Modeling
  • FDM Fused deposition modeling
  • FDM is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production applications. FDM works on an "additive" principle by laying down material in layers; a plastic filament or metal wire is unwound from a coil and supplies material to produce a part. Possibly, (for thermoplastics for example) the filament is melted and extruded before being laid down. FDM is a rapid prototyping technology. Other terms for FDM are "fused filament fabrication” (FFF) or “filament 3D printing” (FDP), which are considered to be equivalent to FDM.
  • FFF fused filament fabrication
  • FDP filament 3D printing
  • FDM printers use a thermoplastic filament, which is heated to its melting point and then extruded, layer by layer, (or in fact filament after filament) to create a three-dimensional object. FDM printers are relatively fast and can be used for printing complicated object.
  • FDM printers are relatively fast, low cost and can be used for printing complicated 3D objects. Such printers are used in printing various shapes using various polymers. The technique is also being further developed in the production of LED luminaires and lighting solutions.
  • US-2016/229120 discloses a method and system of producing a three- dimensional object with an anti-counterfeiting measure using a processor to access a data file including a plurality of parameters for producing a three-dimensional object, wherein the parameters comprise a plurality of structural parameters.
  • the processor may also cause a three dimensional printing device to form the three dimensional object that exhibits the structural parameters by identifying a build material, identifying a concealment material, causing the three dimensional printing device to deposit a mixture of the build material and the concealment material in a plurality of layers, and causing the three dimensional printing device to cure the build material and concealment material to form the three-dimensional object with the anti-counterfeiting measure.
  • identifying the anti-counterfeiting measure comprises identifying a possible 3D scanning method based on at least one of the following: the structural parameters, the build material, a complexity value of the three-dimensional object, or a monetary value of the three-dimensional object; and automatically identifying at least one anti-counterfeiting measure that when included in the three-dimensional object causes the object to obstruct the identified 3D scanning method.
  • the possible 3D scanning method is selected from at least of the following: x-ray 3D scanning; laser 3D scanning; ultrasound 3D scanning; magnetic resonance imaging 3D scanning; and contact 3D scanning.
  • WO-2015/112959 discloses a method for 3D printing a product by means of fused deposition modeling. It further discloses the use of taggants that can be detected spectroscopically but that are otherwise compatible with the product, structural integrity and stability, and aesthetics.
  • a spectral pattern employs a different chemical or combination of chemicals to alter the formulation of all or some portion of the printed object so that its authenticity can be monitored later using a spectrometer.
  • the present invention may have as object to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art, or to provide a useful alternative.
  • a method for creating unique random structures in 3D printed objects registering it, e.g. taking a picture and placing the picture (or data derived therefrom) in a database.
  • a finger print of the object can be registered.
  • a 3D printer may be applied which can produce random effects embedded in the printed object and register these random effects during printing as a movie.
  • a 3D printer with an integrated camera is herein suggested.
  • the invention provides a method for 3D printing a 3D item ("item").
  • the method is a fused deposition modeling method using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer having a printer head.
  • the method comprises the steps of providing a first 3D printable material to the printer head, and providing a second 3D printable material to the printer head.
  • the second 3D printable material comprises a functional material chosen from the group consisting of magnetic materials, light absorbing materials, light reflecting materials, luminescent materials, X-ray absorbing materials, ultrasound reflecting materials, and metallic materials.
  • the method also comprises the step of depositing, during a printing stage, the first 3D printable material and the second 3D printable material to provide the 3D item comprising 3D printed material.
  • the method further comprises the step of controlling supply of the first and second 3D printable materials to create a random structure in the 3D printed material, wherein the random structure comprising regions of a first material having a composition different from a second material surrounding such regions, the first material comprising the functional material.
  • the method finally comprises the step of registering a signal generated by the random structure comprised by the 3D printed material in response to an operation of a device by detecting one or more of (i) a magnetic field or a disturbance of a magnetic field, (ii) light absorption and/or light reflection, (ii) luminescence, (iii) an x-ray distribution, (iv) an x-ray diffraction pattern, and (v) an ultrasound echo.
  • Such method allows creating a unique code in each 3D printed product. Further, such method allows a control of products on the market whether those products are genuine products, and e.g. complying with safety standards of a producer, or whether the products may be an illegal copy. Further, such method also allows hiding the code in the internal of the 3D printed item (though this is not necessarily the case).
  • the printing stage comprises creating a random structure, to provide the 3D item comprising 3D printed material with the random structure.
  • the printing stage may also include creating a random structure and an ordered structure.
  • the ordered structure may e.g. be used for some general characteristics of the 3D item and/or may contain information how to evaluate the random structure. Of course, such information may also be contained in the random structure itself.
  • the term "creating" and similar terms is used, as the random structure may be generated in different ways. Amongst others, a separate tool may be used, for instance imprinting, coating, surface treatment, etc.,
  • the random structure may be created during the printing stage, i.e. when the 3D item is not ready, or after the printing stage, when the 3D item is ready.
  • the former option allows embodiments wherein the random structure may be made invisible and/or may be protected with a (radiation transmissive) (3D printed) layer.
  • Different options may be chosen to create the random structure.
  • a combination of options can be chosen, to create the random structure, or a plurality of (different) random structures. Note that a plurality of different random structures may be arranged random or non-random.
  • Material herein especially indicated as “functional material” for creating the random structure is comprised by a 3D printable material (especially thermoplastic material, see also below).
  • a 3D printable material especially thermoplastic material, see also below.
  • the material which will further described in more detail below, will in general not melt under the printing stage conditions, and will in general also be non- polymeric.
  • a fused deposition modeling 3D printer may be used to provide 3D printable material comprising the functional material, wherein the functional material is randomly distributed in at least a part of the printable material.
  • the feed used may comprise a random arrangement of the functional material.
  • a filament may be provided to the printer head, wherein in the filament the functional material is configured randomly.
  • two feeders of particulate 3D printable material may be applied, one with first 3D printable material without (or with a low concentration) of functional material, and one with second 3D printable material further comprising (embedded therein) functional material (at an essentially higher concentration than in the first 3D printable material).
  • a filament may be created with a random distribution of the functional material. This will lead to a 3D item with a random distribution of the functional material.
  • two different filaments may be provided to the printer head, such as one with first 3D printable material without (or with a low concentration) of functional material, and one with second 3D printable material further comprising (embedded therein) functional material (at an essentially higher concentration than in the first 3D printable material).
  • the method comprises using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer, wherein the method comprises providing first 3D printable material (via a first supply) to a printer head, and providing second 3D printable material comprising the functional material (via a second supply) to the printer head, and controlling supply of the 3D printable materials.
  • a 3D printer may be applied with two (or more) nozzles.
  • One nozzle may be used for providing first 3D printable material without (or with a low concentration) of functional material, and another one may be used for providing second 3D printable material further comprising (embedded therein) functional material (at an essentially higher concentration than in the first 3D printable material). Therefore, in specific embodiments the method comprises using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer comprising at least two nozzles, wherein the method comprises providing a first 3D printable material through a first nozzle and providing a second 3D printable material comprising the functional material through a second nozzle, and controlling supply of the 3D printable materials.
  • the invention also allows hiding the random structure behind 3D printed material.
  • this may or may not necessarily imply radiation transmissive 3D printed material for hiding the random structure.
  • the 3D printed material (and thus in view of FDM also the 3D printable material) may have to be transmissive for one or more of UV radiation, visible radiation, and IR radiation. Therefore, in specific embodiments the method may (also) comprise embedding the random structure in the 3D printed material, wherein at least part of the 3D printed material is transmissive for irradiation of the random structure with one or more of UV radiation, visible radiation and IR radiation from external of the 3D item.
  • the 3D printed material may in embodiments have to be transmissive for different types of radiation, such as transmissive for UV
  • one or more of the first 3D printed material and the second printed material have a transmission of at least 90%/cm, such as at least 95%/cm, 3D printed material for one or more wavelengths in the visible.
  • the transmission through 1 cm of 3D printed material may be at least 90%, such as at least 95%. This may thus also especially imply the use of light transmissive 3D printable material.
  • one or more of the first 3D printable material and the second printable material have a transmission of at least 90%/cm, such as at least 95%/cm, 3D printable material for one or more wavelengths in the visible.
  • random structure may also refer to a plurality of (different) random structures, which may especially be configured spatially separated from each other.
  • the random structure will in general include a plurality of elements.
  • Such elements may e.g. particles, such as metal particles or metal oxide particles, carbon particles, graphite particles, or polymer particles.
  • Particles can be elongated such as a fiber like or disc like, such as flakes. Particles can also be spherical but they can also have a random shape. Largest dimensions may be in the range of 1-500 ⁇ , like 2-20 ⁇ , such as average diameters. Such elements differ per se in composition from the surrounding material.
  • the elements such as particles, may be configured in a (random) 2D arrangement or may be configured in (random) 3D arrangement.
  • the elements may also comprise recesses and/or protrusions, especially recesses in the 3D printed material and/or protrusions of 3D printed material.
  • Such recesses and or protrusions may be created with the 3D printer, such as controlling the position of deposition, the deposition speed, pressure of the nozzle on the 3D printed material, additional heating, etc. etc...
  • Such elements may thus not necessarily include a change in 3D printable material (during printing), but include textural changes.
  • voids within the 3D printed material may be created (during printing), which may lead to a random arrangement of voids.
  • Such recesses, protrusions, or voids may have a smallest dimension of at least 1 ⁇ , such as at least 2 ⁇ , like at least 5 ⁇ , such as at least 10 ⁇ .
  • Such recesses, protrusions, or voids may have a largest dimension of at maximum 100 mm, such as at maximum 50 mm, like at maximum 10 mm, such as at maximum 2 mm, like at maximum 1 mm, for instance at maximum 500 ⁇ , like at maximum 100 ⁇ .
  • dimension may refer to one or more of length, width, height, and also to diameter.
  • the elements may be regularly shaped or irregularly shaped.
  • the elements may also include regions wherein a specific material is applied, such as a specific 3D printable material, or a 3D printable material hosting a specific material, such as a dye, a luminescent material, a light reflective material, a light absorbing material, etc. etc..
  • a specific material such as a specific 3D printable material, or a 3D printable material hosting a specific material, such as a dye, a luminescent material, a light reflective material, a light absorbing material, etc. etc.
  • Such (functional) material may be embedded with 3D printable material that may not different from the remainder of the 3D printed item.
  • concentration differences may be applied to generate the random structure.
  • An optical material such as the luminescent material, or the light reflective material, or the light absorbing material may be a particulate material, and may (on a weight average base) have dimensions of about 1 nm up to 500 ⁇ .
  • the optical material may comprise quantum dots.
  • the optical material comprises particles may (on a weight average base) have dimensions in the range of 0.1 -100 ⁇ , such as 0.2-50, like 1-50 ⁇ , such as 2-50 ⁇ .
  • the light absorbing material or the luminescent material may be available as organic molecules, e.g. molecularly dispersed in the 3D printed material / 3D printable material.
  • dye molecules may be embedded in the polymeric structure as side group or part of a backbone.
  • the random structure may comprise a plurality of elements, wherein the elements are selected from the group consisting of (i) particles, (ii) recesses, (iii) protrusions, and (iv) regions of material having a composition different from material surrounding such regions.
  • one or more elements comprises a functional material
  • the functional material comprises one or more of a magnetic material, a light absorbing material, a light reflecting material, a luminescent material, a metallic material, etc.
  • a material may be used that is (only) visible in the 3D printed material when X-rays, or ultrasound, or NMR etc. is applied.
  • the functional material may provide or transform radiation or waves or fields, such as electromagnetic radiation, X-rays, magnetic fields, etc. etc. (in general in reaction to an action such as applying electromagnetic radiation to the functional material or applying X- rays to the material, or apply a magnetic field to the material, or applying ultrasound to the material, etc. etc.).
  • a material may be used that can be observed by one or more of UV-visible/IR microscopy, luminescence spectroscopy, X-rays, ultrasound, and MRI.
  • the random structure in or on the 3D printed item (under construction) may be sensed.
  • this may include e.g. one or more of taking an image (including optionally taking a plurality of images, such as a movie), measuring a modulation of light by the random structure, or the modulation of an electrical of magnetic field, etc. etc..
  • an image may be created of the random structure or an operation may be executed on the 3D item, leading to signal form the random structure or a modulation of the operation signal.
  • the image may be stored in a memory or a date based on a processed image may be stored.
  • Such data are essentially a unique description of the random structure.
  • the term "unique description" refers to a description which includes a set of parameters which is unique. For instance, a 2D height profile might be reduced to one or more height profile cross-sections.
  • an image of a luminescing random structure may be translated into one or more basic color images (red, green and blue) with height profiles related to the luminescent intensities.
  • an image may be stored, but also the results of processing of an image may be stored.
  • a measured signal may be stored, but also a processed signal may be stored.
  • the method especially further comprises registering one or more of (a) an image of the random structure comprised by the 3D printed material or a set of data characteristic for such image, and (b) a signal generated by the random structure comprised by the 3D printed material in response to an operation of a device, or the processed signal.
  • Registering the random structure may comprise capturing one or more images of the random structure (during the printing stage or after the printing stage).
  • registering the signal generated by the random structure comprised by the 3D printed material in response to the operation of a device comprises detecting one or more of (i) a magnetic field or a disturbance of a magnetic field, (ii) light absorption and/or light reflection, (ii) luminescence, (iii) an x-ray distribution, (iv) an x-ray diffraction pattern, and (v) an ultrasound echo, generated by the random structure comprised by the 3D printed material in response to the operation of the device.
  • the term "registering" and similar terms may refer to sensing and generating thereby data, such as an image, optionally processing the data, to generate a set of data characteristic for such image.
  • the term "registering" and similar terms may also refer to sensing a signal, optionally processing the signal, to generate a processed signal. Further, the tern “registering” and similar terms may further include the action of saving the image, set of data characteristic for such image, the signal, or the processed signal in a memory, such as a database.
  • the phrase "or the processed signal” especially relates to the process of processing a signal generated by the random structure comprised by the 3D printed material in response to an operation of a device. Such product may be indicated as "processed signal".
  • An example of a processed signal is map of intensities of a single color derived from color picture.
  • the method comprises depositing during a printing stage 3D printable material.
  • 3D printable material refers to the material to be deposited or printed
  • 3D printed material refers to the material that is obtained after deposition. These materials may be essentially the same, as the 3D printable material may especially refer to the material in a printer head or extruder at elevated temperature and the 3D printed material refers to the same material, but in a later stage when deposited.
  • the 3D printable material is printed as a filament and deposited as such.
  • the 3D printable material may be provided as filament or may be formed into a filament. Hence, whatever starting materials are applied, a filament comprising 3D printable material is provided by the printer head and 3D printed.
  • 3D printable material may also be indicated as "printable material.
  • polymeric material may in embodiments refer to a blend of different polymers, but may in embodiments also refer to essentially a single polymer type with different polymer chain lengths.
  • polymeric material or polymer may refer to a single type of polymers but may also refer to a plurality of different polymers.
  • printable material may refer to a single type of printable material but may also refer to a plurality of different printable materials.
  • printed material may refer to a single type of printed material but may also refer to a plurality of different printed materials.
  • the term "3D printable material” may also refer to a combination of two or more materials.
  • these (polymeric) materials have a glass transition temperature T g and/or a melting temperature T m .
  • the 3D printable material will be heated by the 3D printer before it leaves the nozzle to a temperature of at least the glass transition temperature, and in general at least the melting temperature.
  • the 3D printable material comprises a thermoplastic polymer having a glass transition temperature (T g ) and /or a melting point (T m ), and the printer head action comprises heating the 3D printable material above the glass transition and if it is a semi-crystalline polymer above the melting temperature.
  • the 3D printable material comprises a (thermoplastic) polymer having a melting point (T m ), and the printer head action comprises heating the 3D printable material to be deposited on the receiver item to a temperature of at least the melting point.
  • the glass transition temperature is in general not the same thing as the melting temperature. Melting is a transition which occurs in crystalline polymers. Melting happens when the polymer chains fall out of their crystal structures, and become a disordered liquid. The glass transition is a transition which happens to amorphous polymers; that is, polymers whose chains are not arranged in ordered crystals, but are just strewn around in any fashion, even though they are in the solid state. Polymers can be amorphous, essentially having a glass transition temperature and not a melting temperature or can be (semi) crystalline, in general having both a glass transition temperature and a melting temperature, with in general the latter being larger than the former.
  • the invention thus provides a method comprising providing a filament of 3D printable material and printing during a printing stage said 3D printable material on a substrate, to provide said 3D item.
  • Materials that may especially qualify as 3D printable materials may be selected from the group consisting of metals, glasses, thermoplastic polymers, silicones, etc..
  • the 3D printable material comprises a (thermoplastic) polymer selected from the group consisting of ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), Nylon (or polyamide), Acetate (or cellulose), PLA (poly lactic acid), terephthalate (such as PET polyethylene terephthalate), Acrylic (polymethylacrylate, Perspex, polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA), Polypropylene (or polypropene), Polystyrene (PS), PE (such as expanded- high impact-Polythene (or polyethene), Low density (LDPE) High density (HDPE)), PVC (polyvinyl chloride) Polychloroethene, etc.
  • a (thermoplastic) polymer selected from the group consisting of ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), Nylon (or polyamide), Acetate (or cellulose), PLA (poly lactic acid), terephthalate (such as PET polyethylene terephthalate), Acrylic (
  • the 3D printable material comprises a 3D printable material selected from the group consisting of Urea formaldehyde, Polyester resin, Epoxy resin, Melamine formaldehyde, Polycarbonate (PC), thermoplastic elastomer, etc..
  • the 3D printable material comprises a 3D printable material selected from the group consisting of a polysulfone.
  • the printable material is printed on a receiver item.
  • the receiver item can be the building platform or can be comprised by the building platform.
  • the receiver item can also be heated during 3D printing.
  • the receiver item may also be cooled during 3D printing.
  • the phrase "printing on a receiver item” and similar phrases include amongst others directly printing on the receiver item, or printing on a coating on the receiver item, or printing on 3D printed material earlier printed on the receiver item.
  • the term "receiver item” may refer to a printing platform, a print bed, a substrate, a support, a build plate, or a building platform, etc.. Instead of the term “receiver item” also the term “substrate” may be used.
  • the phrase “printing on a receiver item” and similar phrases include amongst others also printing on a separate substrate on or comprised by a printing platform, a print bed, a support, a build plate, or a building platform, etc..
  • the phrase "printing on a substrate” and similar phrases include amongst others directly printing on the substrate, or printing on a coating on the substrate or printing on 3D printed material earlier printed on the substrate.
  • substrate is used, which may refer to a printing platform, a print bed, a substrate, a support, a build plate, or a building platform, etc., or a separate substrate thereon or comprised thereby.
  • the invention relates to a software product that can be used to execute the method described herein.
  • the herein described method provides 3D printed items.
  • the invention also provides in a further aspect a 3D printed item obtainable with the herein described method.
  • the invention provides a 3D printed item obtainable with the herein described method.
  • the 3D item according to the second aspect of the invention comprises 3D printed material, wherein the 3D printed material especially comprises thermoplastic material, wherein the 3D item comprises a random structure embedded in the 3D printed material, and wherein at least part of the 3D printed material is transmissive for irradiation of the random structure with one or more of UV radiation, visible radiation and IR radiation from external of the 3D item. Due to the transmissiveness of the part of the 3D printed material, radiation from external may reach the random structure, and reflection or luminescence may be detected also.
  • the term "transmissive" and similar terms may refer to translucent or transparent.
  • the random structure may be accessible by a magnetic field.
  • the accessibility may be such that the random structure is visible through light transmissive material.
  • the accessibility may also be such that the random structure is at least partly at a surface of the 3D item, and may be sensed with a profilometer, etc..
  • the accessibility may also be such that the random structure is covered by a removable layer, such as a detachable layer. For instance, a layer may be (easily) peeled off to get access to the random structure.
  • the random structure may be applied to an element of a device that can easily be removed.
  • the device may include a part that can be peeled off.
  • a first 3D printed part and a second 3D printed part may be detachable connected, which detachable connection may even be 3D printed, wherein one (or both) of the parts comprises the random structure. This may allow removal of the part comprising the random structure. This may also allow (a more easy) evaluation of the random structure.
  • the 3D item may include one or more cavities, and the random structure may be provided in such cavity. This may essentially hide the random structure, but allow visibility of such structure when the 3D item is e.g. disassembled or disintegrated.
  • the random structure may be provided in the housing of a light source.
  • the random structure may be provided at the inside of a double sided wall.
  • a double sided wall provides a cavity, and the random structure may be at the inside. This may essentially hide the random structure, but allow visibility of such structure when the 3D item is e.g. disassembled or disintegrated. Double walled items or items with cavities may allow lowering the weight while maintaining (or even improving) strength.
  • the random structure may be registered before the random structure is hidden in such cavity or behind a peelable layer, etc..
  • a method and/or a detector may be applied, wherein under different angles the random structure may be detected.
  • a regular pattern may be provided of particles, but the particles may differ in material. When the nature of the particles is chosen randomly, a random pattern may effectively be provided. This might provide e.g. a regular pattern when inspected by eye, but - in fact - a random pattern when inspected with e.g. UV light or X-ray, etc. etc.. For instance, a change of material from one side to the other side of the ("regular") pattern may be registered and/or (later) evaluated.
  • the 3D printed item according to the second aspect of the invention may be functional per se.
  • the 3D printed item may be a lens, a collimator, a reflector, etc..
  • the thus obtained 3D item may (alternatively) be used for decorative or artistic purposes.
  • the 3D printed item may include or be provided with a functional component.
  • the functional component may especially be selected from the group consisting of an optical component, an electrical component, and a magnetic component.
  • optical component especially refers to a component having an optical functionality, such as a lens, a mirror, a light source (like a LED), etc.
  • electrical component may e.g. refer to an integrated circuit, PCB, a battery, a driver, but also a light source (as a light source may be considered an optical component and an electrical component), etc.
  • magnetic component may e.g. refer to a magnetic connector, a coil, etc..
  • the functional component may comprise a thermal component (e.g. configured to cool or to heat an electrical component).
  • the functional component may be configured to generate heat or to scavenge heat, etc..
  • a specific fused deposition modeling 3D printer may be used to provide the 3D printed item described herein.
  • the fused deposition modeling 3D printer comprises (a) a printer head comprising a printer nozzle, and (b) a 3D printable material providing device configured to provide 3D printable material to the printer head.
  • the 3D printable material providing device may provide a filament comprising 3D printable material to the printer head or may provide the 3D printable material as such, with the printer head creating the filament comprising 3D printable material.
  • the fused deposition modeling 3D printer is configured to provide the 3D printable material to a substrate, to provide a 3D item comprising 3D printed material comprising a random structure.
  • the fused deposition modeling 3D printer is part of a system that further comprises a device configured to generate one or more of (i) a magnetic field, (ii) one or more of UV, visible, and IR radiation, (iii) x-rays, and (iv) ultrasound, and a sensing system configured to sense a signal generated by the random structure comprised by the 3D printed material in response to an operation of the device by detecting one or more of (i) a magnetic field or a disturbance of a magnetic field, (ii) light absorption and/or light reflection, (ii) luminescence, (iii) an x-ray distribution, (iv) an x-ray diffraction pattern, and (v) an ultrasound echo.
  • a device configured to generate one or more of (i) a magnetic field, (ii) one or more of UV, visible, and IR radiation, (iii) x-rays, and (iv) ultrasound
  • a sensing system configured to sense a signal generated by the
  • the system may comprise a memory (M) or functionally coupled to a memory (M), wherein the system is further configured to store one or more of (a) the image of the random structure comprised by the 3D printed material or a set of data characteristic for such image, and (b) the signal generated by the random structure comprised by the 3D printed material in response to the operation of a device, or the processed signal. Therefore, the system may comprise a memory (M) or maybe functionally coupled to a memory (M), wherein the system is further configured to store the sensed signal or a processed sensed signal in the memory (M).
  • the system comprises (ii) a device, and (iii) a sensing system, wherein the sensing system is configured to sense a signal generated by the 3D item in response to an operation of the device.
  • the device is configured to generate one or more of (i) a magnetic field, (ii) one or more of UV, visible, and IR radiation, (iii) x-rays, and (iv) ultrasound.
  • the system is configured to register the signal generated by the random structure comprised by the 3D printed material in response to the operation of a device, wherein such registering comprises one or more of (i) detecting a magnetic field or a disturbance of a magnetic field, (ii) detecting light absorption and/or light reflection, (ii) detecting luminescence, (iii) detecting an x-ray distribution, (iv) detecting an x-ray diffraction pattern, and (v) detecting an ultrasound echo, etc...
  • the sensing system may be configured to execute one or more of the following actions: (i) detecting a magnetic field or a disturbance of a magnetic field, (ii) detecting light absorption and/or light reflection, (ii) detecting luminescence, (iii) detecting an x-ray distribution, (iv) detecting an x-ray diffraction pattern, and (v) detecting an ultrasound echo.
  • the system may further comprise a control system configured to control the fused deposition modeling 3D printer and configured to generate with the fused deposition modeling 3D printer 3D printed material with a random structure.
  • such system is used for evaluating an item. For instance, this may be used to check on the possibility that the item is counterfeited.
  • a method of evaluating a 3D item comprises the steps of subjecting the 3D item to an operation of a device, sensing a signal generated by the 3D item in response to the operation of the device, and comparing the sensed signal or a processed sensed signal with information in a database, wherein:
  • the operation comprises generating one or more of (i) a magnetic field, (ii) one or more of UV, visible, and IR radiation, (iii) x-rays, and (iv) ultrasound; and wherein the information comprises unique combinations of information concerning 3D items and one or more of (a) an image of a random structure comprised by the 3D printed material of such 3D item or a set of data characteristic for such image, and (b) the signal generated by the random structure comprised by the 3D printed material of such 3D item in response to the operation of the device or the processed signal.
  • FDM printer fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer
  • printer nozzle may also be indicated as “nozzle” or sometimes as “extruder nozzle”.
  • the invention provides a computer program product comprising instructions which, when the computer program product is executed by the system according to the third aspect of the invention, cause the system to carry out the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • Figs, la-lb schematically depict some general aspects of the 3D printer
  • Fig. 2 schematically depicts some possible stage of embodiments of the method
  • Figs. 3a-3b very schematically depict some possible examples of random structures
  • Figs. 4a-4c schematically depicts some options for 3D printing to create the random structures
  • Fig. 5 schematically depicts an embodiment of a system including a 3D printer.
  • Fig. la schematically depicts some aspects of the 3D printer.
  • Reference 500 indicates a 3D printer.
  • Reference 530 indicates the functional unit configured to 3D print, especially FDM 3D printing; this reference may also indicate the 3D printing stage unit.
  • the printer head for providing 3D printed material such as a FDM 3D printer head is schematically depicted.
  • Reference 501 indicates the printer head.
  • the 3D printer of the present invention may especially include a plurality of printer heads, though other embodiments are also possible.
  • Reference 502 indicates a printer nozzle.
  • the 3D printer of the present invention may especially include a plurality of printer nozzles, though other embodiments are also possible.
  • Reference 320 indicates a filament of printable 3D printable material (such as indicated above). For the sake of clarity, not all features of the 3D printer have been depicted, only those that are of especial relevance for the present invention (see further also below).
  • the 3D printer 500 is configured to generate a 3D item 1 by depositing on a receiver item 550, which may in embodiments at least temporarily be cooled, a plurality of filaments 320 wherein each filament 20 comprises 3D printable material, such as having a melting point T m .
  • the 3D printer 500 is configured to heat the filament material upstream of the printer nozzle 502. This may e.g. be done with a device comprising one or more of an extrusion and/or heating function. Such device is indicated with reference 573, and is arranged upstream from the printer nozzle 502 (i.e. in time before the filament material leaves the printer nozzle 502).
  • the printer head 501 may (thus) include a liquefier or heater.
  • Reference 201 indicates printable material. When deposited, this material is indicated as (3D) printed material, which is indicated with reference 202.
  • Reference 572 indicates a spool or roller with material, especially in the form of a wire.
  • the 3D printer 500 transforms this in a filament or fiber 320 on the receiver item or on already deposited printed material.
  • the diameter of the filament downstream of the nozzle is reduced relative to the diameter of the filament upstream of the printer head.
  • the printer nozzle is sometimes (also) indicated as extruder nozzle.
  • a 3D item 1 may be formed.
  • Reference 575 indicates the filament providing device, which here amongst others include the spool or roller and the driver wheels, indicated with reference 576.
  • Reference A indicates a longitudinal axis or filament axis.
  • Reference C schematically depicts a control system, such as especially a temperature control system configured to control the temperature of the receiver item 550.
  • the control system C may include a heater which is able to heat the receiver item 550 to at least a temperature of 50 °C, but especially up to a range of about 350 °C, such as at least 200 °C.
  • Fig. lb schematically depicts in 3D in more detail the printing of the 3D item 1 under construction.
  • the ends of the filaments 320 in a single plane are not interconnected, though in reality this may in embodiments be the case.
  • Figs, la-lb schematically depict some aspects of a fused deposition modeling 3D printer 500, comprising (a) a first printer head 501 comprising a printer nozzle 502, (b) a filament providing device 575 configured to provide a filament 320 comprising 3D printable material 201 to the first printer head 501, and optionally (c) a receiver item 550.
  • the first or second printable material or the first or second printed material are indicated with the general indications printable material 201 and printed material 202.
  • the unique random structures can be in one or more places of the 3D printed object. In this way, the finger print of the object can be registered.
  • random surface structures which are unique for the print occurs. In the case of particles they show up as different flow patterns. When the particles are reflective they also show unique refection patterns. These are either visible to naked eye or they can be observed under the microscope.
  • an object such as a luminaire, is printed by the 3D printer.
  • randomized structures can be created in the object during the 3D printing process.
  • the randomized effects are created by the 3D printer itself.
  • a picture of the 3D printed object with randomized structures can be made by, for example, a camera (or any other method such as ultrasound, X-ray, ). The picture is subsequently stored in a database.
  • the data base may include picture of other objects e.g. objects which are made by competitors.
  • Fig. 2 very schematically depicts a number of possible stages and alternatives.
  • First the printing stage PS can be finalized, after which the stage wherein the random structure is generated, random structure stage RS, may be executed (variant I).
  • the generation of the random structure in the random structure stage RS may be an integral part of the printing stage PS (variant II).
  • a sensing stage SS may be executed, wherein a signal is measured or wherein an image is captured (or a movie is made).
  • signal or image, etc. may be stored in a database, in a database stage DS.
  • such signal or image, etc. may first be processed in a processing stage PSS, and then stored.
  • the randomized structure can be made by printing with a filament with randomized particles which provide contrast when making a picture.
  • the filament used in a 3D printer may comprise a low randomized concentration of highly reflective particles.
  • a red luminaire housing may comprise randomized highly light reflective particles.
  • highly reflective (e.g. white) luminaire housing may comprise randomized highly light absorbing (e.g. black) particles.
  • the luminaire housing may comprise luminescent particles.
  • the luminaire housing may comprise particles which diffract light to specific angles.
  • the luminaire housing may comprise protrusions or defects during printing.
  • the luminaire housing may comprise x-ray absorbing particles such as lead particles.
  • the luminaire housing may comprise ultrasound reflecting particles such as tungsten particles.
  • the random structure 610 may comprise a plurality of elements 611.
  • the elements may be selected from the group consisting of (i) particles 632 (Fig. 3b), (ii) recesses 633 (Fig. 3b), (iii) protrusions 634 (Fig. 3a), and (iv) regions 635 of material 635a having a compositions different from material 635b surrounding such regions 635 (Figs. 3a and 3b).
  • the dimensions of the larger particles 632, such as tungsten particles, are indicated with reference d.
  • one or more elements 61 1 may be chosen which are asymmetrically shaped.
  • a region 635 may be asymmetrically shaped, thereby also providing a random structure.
  • One or more elements 61 1 may comprise a functional material 615, wherein the functional material 615 comprises one or more of a magnetic material, a light absorbing material, a luminescent material, a metallic material, an X-ray absorbing material, an ultrasound reflecting material.
  • the functional material 615 comprises one or more of a magnetic material, a light absorbing material, a luminescent material, a metallic material, an X-ray absorbing material, an ultrasound reflecting material.
  • At least part of the 3D printed material 202 is transmissive for irradiation of the random structure 610 with one or more of UV radiation, visible radiation and IR radiation from external of the 3D item 1.
  • UV radiation visible radiation
  • IR radiation from external of the 3D item 1.
  • the method comprises using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer, wherein the method comprises providing the 3D printable material 201 comprising the functional material 615, wherein the functional material 615 is randomly distributed in at least a part of the printable material 201, see Fig. 4a.
  • the method may comprise using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer, wherein the method comprises providing first 3D printable material 201a, via a first supply 585a, to a printer head 501, and providing second 3D printable material 201 comprising the functional material 615 according to claim 3, via a second supply 585b, to the printer head 501, and controlling supply of the 3D printable materials 201a,201b, see Fig. 4b.
  • control system may be applied.
  • the method may comprise using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer comprising at least two nozzles 501, wherein the method comprises providing a first 3D printable material 201 through a first nozzle 501a and providing a second 3D printable material 201 comprising the functional material 615 through a second nozzle 501b, and controlling supply of the 3D printable materials 201a,201b, see Fig. 4c.
  • a fused deposition modeling 3D printer comprising at least two nozzles 501
  • the method comprises providing a first 3D printable material 201 through a first nozzle 501a and providing a second 3D printable material 201 comprising the functional material 615 through a second nozzle 501b, and controlling supply of the 3D printable materials 201a,201b, see Fig. 4c.
  • control system may be applied.
  • Fig. 5 very schematically depicts an embodiment of a system 1000 comprising a fused deposition modeling 3D printer 500 as well as such fused deposition modeling 3D printer 500 (but only a few details are indicated in this schematically drawing.
  • the 3D printer 500 comprises a printer head 501 comprising a printer nozzle 502, and a 3D printable material providing device 575 configured to provide 3D printable material 201 to the printer head 501.
  • the fused deposition modeling 3D printer 500 is configured to provide the 3D printable material 201 to a substrate 1550, to provide a 3D item 1 comprising 3D printed material 202 comprising a random structure 610.
  • the system 1000 further comprises a sensing system 700 configured to one or more of (a) generating an image of the random structure 610 comprised by the 3D printed material 202, and (b) sensing a signal generated by the random structure 610 comprised by the 3D printed material 202 in response to an operation of a device 710.
  • the system 1000 may further comprise a device 710, and a sensor 720.
  • the sensor 720 such as a camera, is configured to sense a signal generated by the 3D item 1 in response to an operation of the device 710.
  • the system 1000 may comprise a memory M or may be functionally coupled to a memory M.
  • the system 1000 is further configured to store one or more of (a) the image of the random structure 610 comprised by the 3D printed material 202 or a set of data characteristic for such image, and (b) the signal generated by the random structure 610 comprised by the 3D printed material 202 in response to the operation of a device 710, or the processed signal.
  • the senor 720 may be attached to the printer head 501.
  • the term “sensor” may also refer to a plurality of different sensors.
  • the term “device 710” may refer to a plurality of different devices 710.
  • substantially herein, such as “substantially consists”, will be understood by the person skilled in the art.
  • the term “substantially” may also include embodiments with “entirely”, “completely”, “all”, etc. Hence, in embodiments the adjective substantially may also be removed.
  • the term “substantially” may also relate to 90% or higher, such as 95% or higher, especially 99% or higher, even more especially 99.5% or higher, including 100%.
  • the term “comprise” includes also
  • the invention further applies to a device comprising one or more of the characterizing features described in the description and/or shown in the attached drawings.
  • the invention further pertains to a method or process comprising one or more of the characterizing features described in the description and/or shown in the attached drawings.
  • one or more of the first (printable or printed) material and second (printable or printed) material may contain fillers such as glass and fibers which do not have (to have) influence on the on T g or T m of the material(s).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une méthode d'impression 3D d'un article 3D (1), la méthode comprenant le dépôt pendant une étape d'impression 3D d'un matériau imprimable 3D (201), la méthode comprenant en outre la création d'une structure aléatoire (610), pour fournir à l'article 3D (1) comprenant un matériau imprimé 3D (202) la structure aléatoire (610), la méthode comprenant en outre l'enregistrement d'un ou plusieurs éléments parmi (a) une image de la structure aléatoire (610) constituée par le matériau imprimé 3D (202) ou un ensemble de caractéristiques de données pour une telle image, et (b) un signal généré par la structure aléatoire (610) constitué par le matériau imprimé 3D (202) en réponse au fonctionnement d'un dispositif (710), ou du signal traité.
PCT/EP2018/060275 2017-04-25 2018-04-23 Méthode pour empêcher la contrefaçon dans des produits imprimés en 3d WO2018197380A1 (fr)

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EP17167857.6 2017-04-25

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120183701A1 (en) * 2009-09-25 2012-07-19 Heinz Pilz Method for producing a marked object
US20150170013A1 (en) * 2013-12-14 2015-06-18 Microsoft Corporation Fabricating Information Inside Physical Objects for Imaging in the Terahertz Region
WO2015112959A1 (fr) 2014-01-24 2015-07-30 Verrana, Llc Utilisation d'impression en 3 dimensions contre la contrefaçon
US20160229120A1 (en) 2015-02-09 2016-08-11 Xerox Corporation Anti-counterfeiting measures for three dimensional objects
WO2017097763A1 (fr) * 2015-12-08 2017-06-15 U-Nica Technology Ag Procédé d'impression en trois dimensions pour la fabrication d'un produit protégé contre les falsifications par une caractéristique de sécurité

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120183701A1 (en) * 2009-09-25 2012-07-19 Heinz Pilz Method for producing a marked object
US20150170013A1 (en) * 2013-12-14 2015-06-18 Microsoft Corporation Fabricating Information Inside Physical Objects for Imaging in the Terahertz Region
WO2015112959A1 (fr) 2014-01-24 2015-07-30 Verrana, Llc Utilisation d'impression en 3 dimensions contre la contrefaçon
US20160229120A1 (en) 2015-02-09 2016-08-11 Xerox Corporation Anti-counterfeiting measures for three dimensional objects
WO2017097763A1 (fr) * 2015-12-08 2017-06-15 U-Nica Technology Ag Procédé d'impression en trois dimensions pour la fabrication d'un produit protégé contre les falsifications par une caractéristique de sécurité

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