EP3894420A1 - Metallorganische verbindungen - Google Patents
Metallorganische verbindungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3894420A1 EP3894420A1 EP19808618.3A EP19808618A EP3894420A1 EP 3894420 A1 EP3894420 A1 EP 3894420A1 EP 19808618 A EP19808618 A EP 19808618A EP 3894420 A1 EP3894420 A1 EP 3894420A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bis
- nfbu
- tungsten
- solvent
- dialkylamido
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 150000003658 tungsten compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 88
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- -1 alkyl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nonene Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-undecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC=C DCTOHCCUXLBQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 48
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 24
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 21
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 11
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- YDGSUPBDGKOGQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;dimethylazanide Chemical compound [Li+].C[N-]C YDGSUPBDGKOGQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910008807 WSiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indium phosphide Chemical compound [In]#P GPXJNWSHGFTCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001460 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungstate Chemical compound [O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O PBYZMCDFOULPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004781 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(Cl)Cl 0.000 description 1
- 125000005999 2-bromoethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001340 2-chloroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004777 2-fluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonylpyridin-3-amine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=N1 XVMSFILGAMDHEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000799 K alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000528 Na alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004639 Schlenk technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009838 combustion analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011903 deuterated solvents Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002451 electron ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F11/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table
- C07F11/005—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F11/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 6 or 16 of the Periodic Table
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
- C23C16/18—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material from metallo-organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/34—Nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45553—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the use of precursors specially adapted for ALD
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds according to the general formula [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ], which also below
- R A and R B are selected independently of one another from the group consisting of linear and branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the invention also relates to compounds according to the general formula [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ], obtainable by the claimed process, compounds according to the general formula
- Tungsten layers and layers containing tungsten are among others in the
- Tungsten nitride layers are good copper diffusion barriers for microelectronic components. Due to its low electrical resistance and resistance to copper, tungsten nitride is a comparatively promising barrier material. Thin tungsten nitride films can also be used as electrodes for
- Thin film capacitors and field effect transistors are used.
- tungsten nitride layers with a low specific resistance and an excellent step coverage is particularly sought.
- other layers containing tungsten such as. B. layers or films of WCN, WSi, WSiN and WO, as well as pure tungsten layers are usually used vapor deposition methods. Different ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) and CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) methods are most commonly used. At this point, as well as below, the exact stoichiometry of the layers or films that can be deposited is omitted.
- the term layer is used synonymously with the term film and makes no statement about the layer thickness or the film thickness.
- tungsten nitride layers by means of an ALD process was, for example, in 2000 Klaus et al. described. (JW Klaus, SJ Ferro, SM George, J. Electrochem. Soc. 2000, 147, 1 175 - 1 181) Starting from WF 6 and NHI 3 , tungsten nitride layers with good step coverage were obtained.
- a disadvantage of this method is that WF 6 and / or the by-product hydrogen fluoride which occurs during the process attacks in particular substrates which consist of silicon or contain silicon.
- fluorine impurities on the surface of the tungsten nitride layer can negatively influence the adhesion of copper that is later desired.
- the bis (alkylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compound is a halogen-free precursor for the deposition of tungsten nitride layers
- Intermediate products include a filtration step to separate
- Purification of the product [W (NfBu) 2 (NMe 2 ) 2 ] comprises a filtration step in order to separate the LiCI load accumulated during the reaction and excess LiNMe 2 . In addition, two distillations under reduced pressure are planned.
- Bis (alkylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compound [W (NfBu) 2 (NMe 2 ) 2 ] consists of the large number of reaction steps and the work and time involved in each of the three synthesis steps. There are two intermediate products, namely
- the solvents that are generally capable of coordination are used diethyl ether and pyridine.
- diethyl ether as a solvent is disadvantageous because the separation of the LiCI load obtained as a by-product and the excess LiNMe 2 can be difficult, or at least difficult, as a result. If lithium ions are present in the reaction mixture, lithium-tungstate complex salts can also form, which are also difficult or impossible to remove.
- Security aspects can at least be classified as critical.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of overcoming these and other disadvantages of the prior art and of providing a method with which simple, efficient, inexpensive and reproducible defined
- the purity of the bis (alkylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds that can be produced by the method should meet the requirements for precursors for producing high-quality substrates which have layers of tungsten or layers containing tungsten.
- the process should be characterized by the fact that it can also be carried out on an industrial scale with comparable yield and purity of the target compounds.
- new ones are also be carried out on an industrial scale with comparable yield and purity of the target compounds.
- Bis (alkylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds are provided. Furthermore, a substrate is to be made available which has a
- Tungsten layer or a layer containing tungsten which under
- Bis (alkylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compound can be prepared or using one of the new bis (alkylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds.
- R A and R B are selected independently of one another from the group consisting of linear and branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
- R A and R B are selected independently of one another from the group consisting of linear and branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
- the general formula I includes both the monomers and any oligomers.
- the alkyl radicals R A and R B can also be substituted, for. B. partially or fully halogenated.
- the solvent Mu can also be a mixed solvent comprising two or more solvents.
- Target compounds [W (NiBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) in a simple two-step synthesis.
- Solvent Mu gives the respective bis ⁇ tert-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten complex in step b).
- excess means that more than two molar equivalents of HNR A R B , which are formally required for the representation of [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I), are provided.
- the molar ratio
- HNR A R B is therefore less than 1: 2, ie less than 0.5.
- the amount of excess HNR A R B to be selected depends in particular on the reactivity of the secondary amine itself used as the starting material in step b), in particular taking into account the otherwise selected reaction parameters, such as, for. B. the solvent or solvent mixture.
- step b) The fBuNH 2 obtained in step b) is comparatively volatile and can therefore be removed quantitatively in a simple manner, namely by applying a slight negative pressure to an interior of the respective one
- HNR A R B used excess, especially for highly volatile amines, such as. B. HNMe 2 .
- Another advantage is that - due to the absence of
- Lithium compounds especially LiCI, - not indefinable to form
- Target compound of type [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) can be linked directly with one or more other reactants are implemented. Alternatively, the connection of the type
- the target compound After isolation, the target compound can therefore be used and / or stored without further purification.
- the reproducible yield is for example for
- Salt loads such as B. LiCl in diethyl ether.
- Potentially coordinating solvents such as pyridine and diethyl ether are completely dispensed with.
- the process is characterized by a particularly simple and inexpensive process because it is a simple two-step synthesis. In addition, few process steps that are easy to prepare are necessary. Only commercially available, synthetically relatively easily accessible and relatively inexpensive starting materials are used. Only definable, simple and quantifiable separations arise
- the bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds which can be prepared by the claimed process meet the purity requirements for precursors for the production of high-quality substrates which have tungsten layers or layers containing tungsten.
- the connections which can be produced by the claimed method have the type
- R A and R B are independently selected from the group consisting of Me, Et, nPr, / Pr, nBu, fBu, sBu, / Bu, CH 2 sBu, CH 2 / Bu, CH (Me) (/ Pr), CH (Me) (nPr), CH (Et) 2 , C (Me) 2 (Et), C 6 Hn, CH 2 C 6 H 5 and C 6 H 5 .
- step a Providing [W (NfBu) 2 (NHfBu) 2 ] in step a) a reaction of WCI 6 with fBuNH 2 in the presence of an auxiliary base in an aprotic solvent M A.
- the inexpensive, commercially available ⁇ NC ⁇ e is used as the starting material.
- the intermediate [W (NfBu) 2 (NHfBu) 2 ] is prepared by reaction with at least four molar equivalents of fBuNH 2 in the aprotic solvent M A.
- the hydrogen chloride obtained as the only by-product is trapped by means of an auxiliary base contained in the reaction mixture.
- any compound can be used as the auxiliary base which, under the reaction conditions chosen in each case, is capable of quantitatively trapping the hydrogen chloride formed during the respective reaction.
- the auxiliary base must be characterized in particular by the fact that it does not influence the pH of the reaction mixture and the water content of the reaction medium and not as a reactant to the starting materials WCI 6 and fBuNH 2 and the desired intermediate [W (NfBu) 2 (NHfBu) 2 ] acts.
- an excess of the auxiliary base which may be used must be able to be removed quantitatively from the reaction mixture and the product resulting from the reaction of the auxiliary base with the hydrogen chloride must also be simple be quantitatively separable.
- a molar ratio of WCI 6 : auxiliary base is chosen so that at least six molar equivalents of hydrogen chloride can be trapped.
- fBuNH 2 is both reactant and educt as well
- the auxiliary base only comprises the amine fBuNH 2 , ie part of the auxiliary base fBuNH 2 is replaced by another auxiliary base. Then the total molar ratio WCI 6 : fBuNH 2 provided in the reaction mixture is ⁇ 1: 4 and> 1:10, ie ⁇ 0.25 and> 0.10.
- reaction container is not based on a volume, a material quality, an equipment or a shape
- Ammonium salt for example fBuNH 3 CI, and possibly unreacted, ie used in excess, fBuNH 2 .
- FBuNH 2 still present in the reaction mixture can be obtained simply by applying a vacuum to an interior of the respective
- aprotic solvent M A is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, benzene and
- the first solvent is selected, for example, from the group consisting of n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, 1 -Pentene, 1 -hexene, 1 -hepten, 1 -octene, 1 -nonene, 1 -decene, 1 -undecene, 1 -dodecene, cyclohexene, benzene, toluene, xylene and their isomers.
- the aprotic solvent MA is preferably n-hexane, / ' -hexane or n-heptane or a mixture comprising at least one of these solvents.
- the abovementioned solvents, in particular benzene and toluene, can advantageously be completely recycled without losses. This has a positive effect on the ecological balance of the process.
- step a) comprises the
- the aprotic solvent M A can also be a solvent mixture.
- auxiliary base fBuNH 2 is preferred, a molar ratio WCI 6 : auxiliary base fBuNH 2 being ⁇ 1: 6. Together with the tert-butylamine required as the reactant for the preparation of [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I), there is therefore a molar ratio WCI 6 : fBuNH 2 ⁇ 1:10. If fBuNH 2 acts both as a starting material and as an auxiliary base, the process is particularly simple. Firstly, the number of chemicals required is reduced.
- step i) namely the provision of a solution of fBuNH 2 in the aprotic solvent M A and step ii), namely the addition of the auxiliary base, take place in a single step.
- an auxiliary base other than the amine fl3uNH 2 is used, it can be provided that this auxiliary base is added in the separate step ii).
- the auxiliary base is in bulk, ie usually as a solid or liquid, or as a suspension or solution in one
- the solvent SH is identical or miscible with the aprotic solvent M A.
- two solvents are referred to as miscible if they are miscible at least during the respective reaction, that is, they are not present as two phases.
- step iii) WCI 6 is suspended in a solvent Sw or added as a solid.
- the solvent Sw is identical or miscible with the aprotic solvent M A.
- the addition of WCI 6 as a suspension in the solvent Sw can - depending on the others
- Reaction parameters - may be advantageous for better control of the course of the reaction or the exotherm. Then the addition takes place, for example, using a metering device, in particular by dropping or spraying. If WCI 6 is added as a solid, for example a funnel or a funnel-like device is provided for the addition. Alternatively or in addition - regardless of the
- Addition form of WCI 6 - a shut-off valve and / or a shut-off valve can be provided in a feed line of the respective reaction container.
- WCI 6 is provided or presented as a suspension in the aprotic solvent M A in step i). If fl3uNH 2 is provided as an auxiliary base, step ii) and step iii) take place in a single step.
- fBuNH 2 is added as a solution in a solvent SR or as a liquid, ie without the addition of a solvent, in each case, for example, by dropping or spraying.
- the solvent SR identical or miscible with the aprotic solvent M A. If an auxiliary base other than fBuNH 2 is provided, this is done Add this auxiliary base in the separate step ii).
- the auxiliary base is added in bulk, ie generally as a solid or liquid, or as a suspension or solution in a solvent SB.
- the starting material fBuNH 2 is then added in step iii) as a solution in a solvent Sp or as a liquid, ie without the addition of a solvent, in each case, for example, by dropwise addition or spraying.
- the solvents SB and Sp are each identical or miscible with the aprotic solvent M A.
- Solvent M A carried out at a temperature Tu, the temperature Tu between -30 ° C and 100 ° C.
- the temperature Tu means the internal temperature Tu of the respective reaction container.
- the rate of addition of WCI 6 and / or the temperature Tu may be comparatively low.
- a suspension of WCI 6 is added in an aprotic solvent or solvent mixture.
- the respective procedure is taking into account the other reaction parameters, such as. B. the fBuNH 2 concentration (starting material) and the solvent or solvent mixture to choose.
- the temperature Tu des during the reaction of WCI 6 with fBuNH 2 in the presence of the auxiliary base, in particular fBuNH 2 is between -20 ° C. and 80 ° C.
- the temperature Tu during the reaction of WCI 6 with fBuNH 2 in the presence of the auxiliary base, in particular fBuNH 2 is between -10 ° C and 50 ° C.
- An internal temperature of the respective reaction container can be determined using a
- Temperature sensor or several temperature sensors for one area or more areas of the reaction container are determined. There is at least one
- Temperature sensor provided for determining the temperature Tu, which generally corresponds to an average temperature T Di of the reaction mixture.
- the temperature Tu is regulated and / or controlled using a heat carrier Wu.
- a cryostat can be used, which contains a heat transfer medium, which can ideally function both as a coolant and as a heat medium.
- the heat transfer medium Wu deviations in the temperature Tu can be largely compensated for or compensated for by a setpoint T Si that is set for the implementation of WCI 6 with fBuNH 2 in the presence of the auxiliary base, in particular fBuNH 2 .
- the realization of a constant temperature Tu is hardly possible due to the usual device deviations.
- the heat transfer medium Wu the implementation of WCI 6 with fBuNH 2 in
- auxiliary base in particular fBuNH 2
- auxiliary base at least in a preselected temperature range or in a plurality of preselected temperature ranges. For example - depending on the others
- Reaction parameters - it may be advantageous to create a temperature program for even better control of the course of the reaction or of the exothermic reaction.
- Temperature or a lower temperature range can be selected than in a second phase of adding WCI 6 . You can also have more than two phases of
- Solvent mixture it can be added during and / or after
- Adding WCI 6 may be beneficial to increase the temperature Tu using the heat carrier Wu. This can ensure, if necessary, that the implementation of WCI 6 with fBuNH 2 in the presence of the auxiliary base,
- step a) comprises a reaction of WCI 6 with fBuNH 2 in the presence of an auxiliary base in an aprotic solvent M A
- step b) a further variant of the claimed process provides that before the Reaction of [W (NfBu) 2 (NHfBu) 2 ] in step b) a filtration step is carried out.
- Filtration step or decanting are carried out in particular to separate off the ammonium salt, in particular fBuNH 3 CI, obtained during the reaction of WCI 6 with fBuNH 2 in the presence of an auxiliary base, in particular fBuNH 2 .
- an auxiliary base in particular fBuNH 2 .
- Another variant of the method provides that before the implementation of
- isolation of [W (NfBu) 2 (NHfBu) 2 ] is carried out.
- the isolation can include removal of all volatile constituents, ie the solvent or solvent mixture MA and any unconverted, ie used in excess, fBuNH 2 .
- the isolation of [W (NfBu) 2 (NHfBu) 2] comprises applying a negative pressure pw to an interior of the reaction vessel.
- the suppression p is - depending on the other reaction conditions, in particular depending on the solvent - for example 10 3 to 10 1 mbar. This makes it possible, for example, to completely or almost completely separate and recycle the solvent or solvent mixture from step a). This is particularly advantageous from an economic and ecological point of view.
- the isolation can include further process steps, such as. B. reducing the volume of the mother liquor, d. H. Constrict, e.g. B. by means of "bulb-to-bulb", the addition of a solvent and / or a solvent exchange in order to achieve a precipitation of the product from the mother liquor and / or to remove impurities and / or starting materials, washing and drying the product. Furthermore, it can be provided that the isolation comprises distillation and / or sublimation and / or crystallization and / or recrystallization.
- the molar ratio [W (NfBu) 2 (NFIfBu) 2]: FINR A R B is ⁇ 1: 4. Even with a molar ratio Ratio of exactly 1: 4, ie 0.25, a comparatively large excess of the amine is used HNR A R B , namely twice as many molar equivalents of this starting material as are required formally.
- the amount of the excess of HNR A R B to be selected in the individual case depends in particular on the reactivity of the secondary amine itself used as starting material in step b), in particular taking into account the otherwise selected reaction parameters, such as, for. B. the solvent or
- the solvent Mu comprises an aprotic solvent.
- Another embodiment of the claimed method provides that the solvent Mu is miscible or identical to the aprotic solvent M A.
- the term “identical” has two different ones
- step a) After step a) has ended, the present reaction mixture
- the filtrate which contains the crude product [W (NfBu) 2 (NHfBu) 2] from step a)
- the filtrate which contains the crude product [W (NfBu) 2 (NHfBu) 2] from step a)
- the filtrate can be collected, for example, in another container and, after separating off the ammonium salt, e.g. B. fBuNH 3 CI, be transferred back into the respective reaction container. This can be done, for example, by means of a pumping process. In this case, this includes
- Solvent Mu is the aprotic solvent M A or is - if not another
- Solvent is added - identical to it. It can further be provided that the aprotic solvent or solvent mixture M A is removed by applying a negative pressure to an interior of the respective reaction container and is not returned. This is necessary, for example, if a solvent Mu which is aprotic is preferred for the reaction in step b)
- Solvent M A is different.
- the solvent Mu is miscible with the solvent M A.
- the term “miscible” has already been defined above. If the crude product from step a) has in the meantime been isolated, if appropriate purified and stored, it can - depending on the choice of the other reaction conditions - also be dissolved in a solvent Mu for the reaction in step b) which is identical to the aprotic solvent M A . If, for example, M A n-hexane was used as the aprotic solvent, n-hexane can again be used as the solvent Mu, the latter possibly being recycled from the process, but not necessarily.
- the aprotic solvent which comprises the solvent Mu is selected from the group consisting of
- the aprotic solvent comprising the solvent Mu is selected from the group consisting of n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, Cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, cyclohexene, benzene, toluene, xylene and their isomers.
- Preferred are n-hexane, / ' -hexane and n-heptane as well
- Solvent mixtures comprising at least one of these solvents.
- the solvent Mu comprises a reactive solvent.
- the term “reactive solvent” means a solvent that is not chemically inert.
- the reactive solvent can react under the respective reaction conditions with a potential reactant, e.g. B. with a starting material and / or a product.
- a potential reactant e.g. B. with a starting material and / or a product.
- the type and extent of the reactivity of the reactive solvent depend on the concentration of the reactive solvent present in the respective reaction mixture, the potential reactants, the concentration and reactivity of the potential reactants present in the respective reaction mixture and the other reaction conditions chosen in each case.
- the reactive solvent comprises the amine HNR A R B.
- the solvent Mu is a solvent mixture comprising the amine HNR A R B as a reactive solvent and at least one aprotic solvent.
- the at least one aprotic solvent is selected from the group consisting of n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane , 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1 - heptene, 1-octene, 1-nonene, 1-decene, 1-undecene, 1-dodecene, cyclohexene, benzene, toluene, xylene and their isomers.
- the amine HNR A R B and the aprotic solvent or solvent mixture are miscible, that is to say they are miscible at least during the reaction in step b), ie they are not in two phases.
- HNR A R B is between 1: 200 and 1: 10,000.
- the amine HNR A R B itself is the reactive one
- amine HNR A R B for example in the amine HNR A R B as a starting material or reactant and sole solvent. It is envisaged that the portion of the amine HNR A R B used as a solvent is recycled.
- step b) is carried out on a
- the temperature TR means the internal temperature TR of the respective reaction container
- the pressure p R means the internal pressure p R of the respective reaction container.
- the at least one portion of the mole fraction used in total of the amine NHR A R B corresponding to the intended as a reactant molar proportion of the amine NHR A R B, so that the reaction in step b may be entirely) expire.
- the temperature T R and the pressure p R are each dependent on the selected amine NHR A R B and the other reaction conditions, for. B. Choice of solvent to choose.
- the embodiment of the claimed method described here is provided, for example, when the amine NHR A R B used is one
- step b) it is advantageous for carrying out step b) to convert the respective amine into the liquid state of matter by adjusting the temperature T R and the pressure p R , in particular lowering the temperature T R or increasing the pressure p R , and / or to keep this state of aggregation for a certain time.
- the variant of the claimed process described here is advantageously provided if the amine NHR A R B used both as starting material and as a reactive solvent is a solid or is present as a solid under the otherwise selected reaction conditions.
- this variant of the claimed process is advantageous if the amine NFIR A R B used exclusively as a starting material is not miscible or soluble in the, in particular aprotic, solvent Mu under the otherwise selected reaction conditions.
- step b) the reaction of [W (Nfl3u) 2 (NHfBu) 2 ] from step a) with the amine FINR A R B in the
- the solvent Mu can also be a solvent mixture, ie comprise two or more solvents.
- step b) ii) the amine HNR A R B becomes the compound provided in step b) i) [W (NfBu) 2 (NHfBu) 2]
- a variant of the method provides that in step b) ii) the addition of the amine HNR A R B is carried out using a metering device.
- the addition can be done, for example, by dropping or spraying.
- a shut-off valve and / or a shut-off valve can be provided in a feed line of the respective reaction container.
- the addition of the amine HNR A R B as a solution in the, in particular aprotic, solvent Mu can - depending on the other reaction parameters - be advantageous for better control of the course of the reaction or of the exothermic reaction.
- a temperature T c during the addition and / or after the addition of the amine HNR A R B is between -60 ° C and 50 ° C.
- the temperature T c means the internal temperature T c of the respective reaction container.
- the temperature is Tc during the addition and / or after the addition of the amine HNR A R B between -30 ° C and 20 ° C.
- At least one temperature sensor is provided for determining the temperature T c , which generally corresponds to an average temperature T D 2 of the reaction mixture.
- the temperature sensor can be identical to that for determining the temperature Tu.
- the temperature T c is below
- a cryostat which contains a heat transfer medium, which can ideally act both as a coolant and as a heat medium.
- a heat transfer medium Wc By using the heat transfer medium Wc, deviations in the temperature Tc from a setpoint T S 2 set for the time during the addition and / or after the addition of the amine HNR A R B can be largely compensated for or compensated for.
- the realization of a constant temperature T c is due to the usual
- the reaction of the [W (NfBu) 2 (NHfl3u) 2 ] provided in step a) with the amine HNR A R B can, however, be carried out at least in a preselected temperature range or in several preselected temperature ranges.
- a preselected temperature range or in several preselected temperature ranges for example, depending on the other reaction parameters, it may be advantageous to create a temperature program or a temperature profile for even better control of the course of the reaction or of the exothermic reaction.
- a lower temperature or a lower temperature range can be selected during a first phase of adding the amine HNR A R B than in a second phase of the
- Add the amine HNR A R B More than two phases of addition and thus more than two preselected temperatures or temperature ranges can also be provided. After the addition, one or more phases for gradually increasing the temperature T c can also be provided. Overall, such
- Temperature program or temperature profile achieved a better control of the exothermic or the course of the reaction.
- non-specific side reactions and / or the decomposition of the respective product [W (NiBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ]
- the bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compound in solution in accordance with the general formula [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) is not to be immediately reacted further, but is isolated and then stored and / or reused, their isolation may include one or more steps.
- the isolation of [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) comprises applying a negative pressure px to an interior of the respective reaction vessel.
- the suppression p x is - depending on the other reaction conditions, in particular depending on the solvent - for example 10 3 to 10 1 mbar. This makes it possible, for example, to completely or almost completely separate and recycle the solvent or solvent mixture from step b). This is particularly advantageous from an economic and ecological point of view.
- fBuNH 2 and - as a rule - unreacted amine HNR A R B are also removed during the reaction. In order to remove the latter quantitatively, depending on the amine HNR A R B , a larger suppressor may have to be selected.
- the isolation of [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) can also include one or more of the following process steps: reducing the volume of the mother liquor, ie
- Constrict e.g. B. by means of "bulb-to-bulb", the addition of a solvent and / or a solvent exchange in order to achieve a precipitation of the product from the mother liquor and / or to remove impurities and / or starting materials, washing and drying the product.
- the isolation comprises distillation and / or sublimation and / or recrystallization.
- the compounds that can be prepared by the claimed process are natural - namely, because of the absence of lithium-containing starting materials, such as. B.
- Lithium dimethyl amide - free of lithium contaminants are particularly well suited as precursors for the deposition of tungsten layers or layers containing tungsten.
- R A and R B are independently selected from the group consisting of linear and branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, obtainable by a process for the preparation of bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds according to one of the further Embodiments described above.
- the bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds according to the general formula [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) can advantageously be prepared particularly simply and inexpensively in a two-stage synthesis.
- [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) can be reproducibly produced in high purity without further distillative and / or sublimative purification.
- recondensation and / or distillation and / or sublimative purification can be provided, for example.
- Bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds according to the general formula [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) meet the purity requirements for precursors for the production of high quality substrates which contain tungsten Have layers or layers containing tungsten. In particular, they are without the use of lithium-containing starting materials, such as. B. lithium dimethylamide, representable and thus available free of lithium impurities.
- the bis ⁇ tert-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds can also be prepared on an industrial scale, with comparable yields and purity of the target compounds being achieved.
- the reproducible yield is, for example, satisfactory for [W (NfBu) 2 (NMe 2 ) 2 ] - even in the case of an upscaling towards an industrial scale.
- Bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds according to the general formula I such as. B. [W (NfBu) 2 (NMe 2 ) 2 ] and [W (NfBu) 2 (NEtMe) 2 ] are known. Compounds of the type [W (NiBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ], obtainable by a process for the preparation of bis ⁇ tert-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds according to one of the exemplary embodiments described above, differ in their properties clearly from those that can be produced using a method from the prior art.
- the isolated target compounds have at least as high a purity without complex purification as compounds of the type [W (NiBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ], which were prepared by the method from the prior art and were purified by means of two fractional distillations .
- they are natural - namely due to the absence of lithium-containing starting materials, such as. B. lithium dimethylamide, as part of their presentation - free of lithium impurities.
- step a) [W (NfBu) 2 (NHfBu) 2 ] initially represented by a reaction of WCI6 with fBuNH 2 in the presence of an auxiliary base, fall in step a) and b) altogether - except for each Desired target compound - only defined, comparatively easily separable by-products, usually an ammonium salt, for example fBuNH 3 CI, and fBuNH 2 . It may also be possible to remove excess, ie unreacted, amine HNR A R B. The relatively simple separability of the ammonium salt which precipitates in step a) can also be achieved with the advantageous choice of one
- the ammonium salt e.g. B. fBuNH 3 CI quantitatively
- the target compound e.g. B. [W (NfBu) 2 (NMe 2 ) 2 ] remains in solution.
- the fBuNH 2 obtained in step b) of the claimed process is comparatively volatile and can therefore also be removed quantitatively in a simple manner, namely by applying a slight negative pressure to an interior of the respective reaction container.
- the same generally applies to the HNR A R B used in excess in step b), in particular for very volatile amines, such as. B. HNMe 2 .
- Another advantage is that there is no formation of undefinable by-products, e.g. B. of lithium tungstate complex salts, which are difficult or impossible to separate.
- the ammonium salt obtained in step a), for example fBuNH 3 CI can be removed simply and quantitatively by a filtration step before the reaction in step b).
- the compound of type [W (NiBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) in solution after step b) can be isolated, for example, by simply removing all volatile constituents.
- the isolated compound has neither amine impurities nor residues of the solvent used or
- Solvent mixture The respective target connection can therefore be used and / or stored after isolation without further purification.
- R A and R B are independent selected from each other from the group consisting of Me, Et, nPr, / Pr, nBu, ffiu, sBu, / Bu, CH 2 SBU, CH 2 / BU, CH (Me) (/ Pr), CH (Me) (nPr) , CH (Et) 2 , C (Me) 2 (Et), C 6 Hn, CH 2 C 6 H 5 and C6H5.
- Example compounds are [W (Nfl3u) 2 (NMe 2 ) 2 ] and [W (NfBu)
- R is selected from the group consisting of 2-fluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 2- Bromoethyl, 2,2-dibromoethyl, 2,2,2-tribromoethyl, hexafluoroisopropyl, (2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl) methyl and (2,2-dichloro-1-phenylcyclopropyl) methyl.
- the compounds of the general formula [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) which can be prepared by the claimed process are particularly suitable as precursors for the production of high-quality tungsten Layer or tungsten-containing layer on a surface of a substrate.
- the object is also achieved by using a bis (tert-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compound according to the general formula
- R A and R B are selected independently of one another from the group consisting of linear and branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
- the layer containing tungsten can be, for example, a layer of WN, WCN, WSi, WSiN or WO.
- the term layer is synonymous with the expression film and makes no statement about the layer thickness or the film thickness.
- a substrate z.
- the substrate can itself be part of a component.
- the tungsten layer or the tungsten-containing layer can be deposited by means of a gas phase deposition method, in particular by means of different ALD methods (English Atomic Layer Deposition) and CVD methods (Chemical Vapor Deposition).
- the bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds used are particularly suitable because of their high purity as precursors for producing high-quality tungsten layers and layers containing tungsten on a surface of a substrate.
- they are naturally free of lithium impurities which are responsible for the
- the substrate is a wafer.
- the wafer can be silicon, silicon carbide, germanium, gallium arsenide,
- the wafer can have one or more wafer layers, each with a surface. The production of the tungsten layer or the layer containing tungsten can be provided on the surface of one or more wafer layers.
- R A and R B are selected independently of one another from the group consisting of linear and branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which
- the bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds according to the general formula [W (Nffiu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) can advantageously be prepared particularly simply and inexpensively in a two-stage synthesis.
- the compounds of the type [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) can be reproducibly prepared in high purity without further distillative and / or sublimative purification. However, recondensation and / or distillation and / or sublimative purification can be provided, for example.
- the bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds according to the general formula [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) meet the purity requirements for precursors for the production of high-quality substrates, which tungsten Have layers or layers containing tungsten. In particular, they are without the use of lithium-containing starting materials, such as. B. lithium dimethylamide, representable and thus available free of lithium impurities.
- the bis ⁇ tert-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds can also be prepared on an industrial scale, with comparable yields and purity of the target compounds being achieved.
- R A and R B are selected independently of one another from the group consisting of linear and branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
- R A and R B are selected independently of one another from the group consisting of linear and branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
- the layer containing tungsten can be, for example, a layer of WN, WCN, WSi, WSiN or WO.
- the term layer is synonymous with the expression film and makes no statement about the layer thickness or the film thickness.
- a substrate z.
- the substrate can itself be part of a component.
- the tungsten layer or the tungsten-containing layer can be deposited by means of a gas phase deposition method, in particular by means of different ALD methods (English Atomic Layer Deposition) and CVD methods (Chemical Vapor Deposition).
- the bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds used are particularly suitable because of their high purity as precursors for producing high-quality tungsten layers and layers containing tungsten on a surface of a substrate.
- they are naturally free of lithium impurities which are responsible for the
- the substrate is a wafer.
- the wafer can be silicon, silicon carbide, germanium, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, a glass such as e.g. B. Si0 2 , and / or a plastic, such as. As silicone, comprise or consist entirely of one or more of these materials.
- the wafer can have one or more wafer layers, each with a surface. The production of the tungsten layer or the layer containing tungsten can be provided on the surface of one or more wafer layers.
- the object is further achieved by a substrate which has a tungsten layer or a layer containing tungsten on a surface,
- tungsten layer or the layer containing tungsten can be produced using a bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compound according to the general formula [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I ),
- R A and R B are independently selected from the group consisting of linear and branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the object is achieved by a substrate which has a tungsten layer or a layer containing tungsten on a surface,
- tungsten layer or the layer containing tungsten can be produced using a bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compound according to the general formula [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I ),
- R A and R B are independently selected from the group consisting of linear and branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
- the layer containing tungsten can be, for example, a layer of WN, WCN, WSi, WSiN or WO.
- the term layer is synonymous with the expression film and makes no statement about the layer thickness or the film thickness.
- a substrate z.
- B. corundum foils or thin metallic foils can be used.
- the substrate can itself be part of a component.
- the tungsten layer or the layer containing tungsten can be deposited by means of a gas phase deposition method, in particular by means of different ALD methods (Atomic Layer Deposition) and CVD methods (Chemical Vapor Deposition).
- the bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds used are particularly suitable because of their high purity as precursors for producing high-quality tungsten layers and layers containing tungsten.
- they are naturally free of, owing to the method used for their preparation
- Lithium impurities which for the coating process and thus for the coating process
- the substrate which has a tungsten layer or a layer containing tungsten on a surface
- the tungsten layer or the layer containing tungsten being producible using a bis ⁇ tert-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compound according to the general formula
- the substrate is a wafer.
- the wafer can be silicon, silicon carbide, germanium, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, a glass such as e.g. B. Si0 2 , and / or a plastic, such as.
- silicone comprise or consist entirely of one or more of these materials.
- the wafer can have one or more wafer layers, each with a surface. The production of the tungsten layer or the layer containing tungsten can be provided on the surface of one or more wafer layers.
- the object is further achieved by using a bis (tert-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compound according to the general formula
- electroactive component also means “electronic component”.
- R A and R B are selected independently of one another from the group consisting of linear and branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
- the object is further achieved by a method for producing an electronic component using a bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compound according to the general formula [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) using a bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compound according to the general formula [W (NiBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I),
- R A and R B are selected independently of one another from the group consisting of linear and branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms,
- the term “electronic component” also means “electronic component”.
- the bis (te / t-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds used are particularly suitable as precursors for producing high-quality substrates which have layers of tungsten or layers containing tungsten. These substrates are used for the production of electronic components and electronic components.
- bis (tert-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds used are particularly simple and inexpensive in good and inexpensive manner by means of a two-stage synthesis described above
- defined bis (tert-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds can be produced in a simple, inexpensive and reproducible manner in high purity and good yields.
- the compounds which can be prepared in a two-stage synthesis already have a high purity after their isolation according to 1 H-NMR spectra. This does not require time-consuming cleaning of the isolated raw product by fractionation
- Recrystallization may be provided. Because of their high purity, in particular the absence of lithium impurities and impurities from inorganic salts, the compounds which can be prepared by the claimed process are suitable for use as precursors for producing high-quality substrates which have layers of tungsten or layers containing tungsten.
- the compounds of the general formula [W (NfBu) 2 (NR A R B ) 2 ] (I) can, owing to their high purity, be used, for example, to produce high-quality contact materials, barrier layers, electrodes for thin-film capacitors and field-effect transistors, each consisting of or comprising z. B. tungsten nitride layers can be used.
- the claimed process is characterized in that it can also be carried out on an industrial scale, with comparable yield and purity of the target compounds. Overall, the claimed process is ecological and economical
- the deuterated solvent CeD 6 was absolute over a K / Na alloy, then condensed and stored over a molecular sieve.
- Shifts are given in ppm and relate to the ö scale. All signals are given the following abbreviations according to their splitting pattern: s (singlet).
- infrared spectra were generally carried out on an Alpha ATR-IR spectrometer from Bruker.
- the absorption bands are given in Wavenumber (cm -1 ) and the intensity are described with the following abbreviations: w (weak), m (medium strong), st (strong), vst (very strong).
- the spectra were always standardized to the band with the highest intensity.
- the elementary analyzes were carried out on a Vario-Micro-Cube combustion device from Elementar.
- the sample preparation was carried out in a glove box flooded with nitrogen by weighing the substance into tin crucibles, which were cold-welded and stored in a protective gas atmosphere until measurement.
- the elements hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen were determined by means of a combustion analysis, whereby the information is always given in percent by mass.
- thermogravimetric investigations were carried out on a TGA / DSC 3+ STAR system from Mettler Toledo.
- a coupled SDTA measurement was carried out for each TGA.
- the sample was measured in an aluminum oxide, aluminum or sapphire crucible depending on the method or the physical state.
- the sample was heated to the final temperature at a certain heating rate of 25 ° C.
- the spectra obtained were evaluated using STARe software from Mettler Toledo.
- Embodiment 1 Representation of [W (NfBu) 2 (NHfBu) 2]
- the product can be crystallized from toluene at -24 ° C. Then the yield is only 45 - 51%.
- Embodiment 2 Representation of [W (NfBu) 2 (NMe2) 2]
- the invention is a two-stage synthesis for the preparation of bis ⁇ tert-butylimido) bis (dialkylamido) tungsten compounds according to the general formula
- the compounds have no impurities which can be detected by NMR spectroscopy without elaborate purification. Because of their high purity, they are particularly suitable for the absence of Lithium impurities, as precursors for the production of high quality
- Substrates which have tungsten layers or layers containing tungsten. For example, they are used to produce high quality contact materials or barrier layers, e.g. B. tungsten nitride, suitable.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18212064.2A EP3666783A1 (de) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Verfahren zur herstellung von bis(tert-butylimido)bis(dialkylamido)wolfram-verbindungen, bis(tert-butylimido)bis(dialkylamido)wolfram-verbindungen, verwendung einer bis(tert-butylimido)bis(dialkylamido)wolfram-verbindung und substrat |
| PCT/EP2019/082892 WO2020120150A1 (de) | 2018-12-12 | 2019-11-28 | Metallorganische verbindungen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3894420A1 true EP3894420A1 (de) | 2021-10-20 |
Family
ID=65003065
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18212064.2A Withdrawn EP3666783A1 (de) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Verfahren zur herstellung von bis(tert-butylimido)bis(dialkylamido)wolfram-verbindungen, bis(tert-butylimido)bis(dialkylamido)wolfram-verbindungen, verwendung einer bis(tert-butylimido)bis(dialkylamido)wolfram-verbindung und substrat |
| EP19808618.3A Withdrawn EP3894420A1 (de) | 2018-12-12 | 2019-11-28 | Metallorganische verbindungen |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18212064.2A Withdrawn EP3666783A1 (de) | 2018-12-12 | 2018-12-12 | Verfahren zur herstellung von bis(tert-butylimido)bis(dialkylamido)wolfram-verbindungen, bis(tert-butylimido)bis(dialkylamido)wolfram-verbindungen, verwendung einer bis(tert-butylimido)bis(dialkylamido)wolfram-verbindung und substrat |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20220056061A1 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP3666783A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2022510553A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20210102367A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN112805290A (de) |
| TW (1) | TW202030196A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020120150A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112125931B (zh) * | 2020-10-12 | 2023-08-04 | 安徽敦茂新材料科技有限公司 | 双(叔丁基胺)双(二甲基胺)钨(vi)的合成方法 |
| CN115584487B (zh) * | 2022-10-18 | 2024-07-19 | 合肥安德科铭半导体科技有限公司 | 一种双(烷基亚胺基)双(烷基胺基)钨(vi)的制备方法及应用 |
| CN116854741B (zh) * | 2023-07-05 | 2026-04-10 | 天津绿菱气体股份有限公司 | 二烷基氨基金属卤化物、二亚氨基二(二烷基氨基)金属配合物的制备方法及装置系统 |
| CN119320410B (zh) * | 2024-12-19 | 2025-04-08 | 安徽亚格盛电子新材料股份有限公司 | 一种高纯钨配合物的合成方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2137266T3 (es) * | 1992-07-01 | 1999-12-16 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Catalizadores de polimerizacion de olefinas a base de metales de transicion. |
| US6281124B1 (en) * | 1998-09-02 | 2001-08-28 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Methods and systems for forming metal-containing films on substrates |
| CN1675402A (zh) * | 2002-07-12 | 2005-09-28 | 哈佛学院院长等 | 氮化钨的汽相沉积 |
| JP6116425B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-19 | 2017-04-19 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 金属薄膜の製膜方法 |
| US20170073812A1 (en) * | 2015-09-15 | 2017-03-16 | Ultratech, Inc. | Laser-assisted atomic layer deposition of 2D metal chalcogenide films |
| US10023462B2 (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-07-17 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Niobium-Nitride film forming compositions and vapor deposition of Niobium-Nitride films |
-
2018
- 2018-12-12 EP EP18212064.2A patent/EP3666783A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-11-28 KR KR1020217021600A patent/KR20210102367A/ko not_active Abandoned
- 2019-11-28 WO PCT/EP2019/082892 patent/WO2020120150A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-11-28 CN CN201980065963.0A patent/CN112805290A/zh active Pending
- 2019-11-28 US US17/312,483 patent/US20220056061A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-11-28 JP JP2021520379A patent/JP2022510553A/ja active Pending
- 2019-11-28 EP EP19808618.3A patent/EP3894420A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-12-05 TW TW108144526A patent/TW202030196A/zh unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW202030196A (zh) | 2020-08-16 |
| KR20210102367A (ko) | 2021-08-19 |
| EP3666783A1 (de) | 2020-06-17 |
| JP2022510553A (ja) | 2022-01-27 |
| CN112805290A (zh) | 2021-05-14 |
| US20220056061A1 (en) | 2022-02-24 |
| WO2020120150A1 (de) | 2020-06-18 |
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