EP3882713B1 - Uhrwerk, das mit einer uhrhemmung mit einem magnetischen system ausgestattet ist - Google Patents

Uhrwerk, das mit einer uhrhemmung mit einem magnetischen system ausgestattet ist Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3882713B1
EP3882713B1 EP20164021.6A EP20164021A EP3882713B1 EP 3882713 B1 EP3882713 B1 EP 3882713B1 EP 20164021 A EP20164021 A EP 20164021A EP 3882713 B1 EP3882713 B1 EP 3882713B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pallet
magnetic
escape wheel
angular
mechanical
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EP20164021.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3882713A1 (de
Inventor
M. Gianni DI DOMENICO
M. Dominique LECHOT
M. Marc STRANCZL
M. Benoît LÉGERET
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Priority to EP20164021.6A priority Critical patent/EP3882713B1/de
Priority to US17/175,166 priority patent/US11886146B2/en
Priority to JP2021028337A priority patent/JP7100733B2/ja
Priority to CN202110305234.7A priority patent/CN113495473B/zh
Publication of EP3882713A1 publication Critical patent/EP3882713A1/de
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Publication of EP3882713B1 publication Critical patent/EP3882713B1/de
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/26—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of the impulses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/32—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. collet, stud, virole or piton
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/047—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using other coupling means, e.g. electrostrictive, magnetostrictive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C5/00—Electric or magnetic means for converting oscillatory to rotary motion in time-pieces, i.e. electric or magnetic escapements
    • G04C5/005—Magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to watch movements comprising an escapement equipped with a magnetic system. More particularly, the invention relates to an escapement provided with a magnetic coupling system between an escapement wheel and an anchor separate from the mechanical resonator, this anchor having an axis of rotation different from that of the mechanical resonator. As with a Swiss anchor, the anchor presents an alternating movement which is synchronous with the periodic movement of the mechanical resonator, but different.
  • Magnetic escapement means an escapement provided with magnets arranged partly on the lever and partly on the escapement wheel so as to generate a magnetic coupling between the lever and the escapement wheel.
  • Magnetic escapements often present a problem when starting.
  • the stop position of the mechanical resonator can vary, in a certain angular zone, around its rest position depending on the angular position of the escape wheel when stopped, given the magnetic coupling of the latter. with the anchor.
  • This angular zone is limited by the two stop positions of the anchor against two pins limiting its reciprocating movement, because the pin of the mechanical resonator is located in the fork of the anchor when this resonator is finally stationary.
  • the invention relates to a horological movement comprising a mechanical resonator and an associated escapement which comprises an escapement wheel having a first axis of rotation and an pallet separated from the mechanical resonator and having a second axis of rotation which is different from that of the mechanical resonator.
  • the mechanical resonator is coupled to the anchor in such a way that, when this mechanical resonator exhibits an oscillation, the anchor undergoes an alternating movement between two rest positions in which it remains alternately during successive time intervals.
  • the anchor comprises at least one magnetic pallet formed of a magnet and the escape wheel comprises a periodic magnetized structure which defines a plurality of increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy for said magnetic pallet, each of these increasing ramps of energy magnetic potential being provided so that said magnetic pallet can climb it when the anchor is in a corresponding rest position among the two rest positions and a force torque supplied to the escape wheel is equal to a torque of nominal force or within a range of values which is provided for normal operation of the watch movement.
  • Said magnetic pallet and the periodic magnetized structure are arranged such that the anchor experiences an impulse of magnetic force in the direction of its reciprocating motion, after said magnetic pallet has climbed any one of said increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy, when the anchor swings from one of the two rest positions having allowed this magnetic pallet to climb said any increasing ramp of magnetic potential energy towards the other rest position.
  • the escapement wheel comprises at at least a first part remote from the first axis of rotation and the anchor comprises at least a second part remote from the second axis of rotation. Then, when the mechanical resonator is at rest, the anchor has, for any angular position ⁇ of the escape wheel when stationary, an angular position of equilibrium ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ) which depends on this angular position ⁇ .
  • the first and second remote parts are in contact with each other while the mechanical resonator is at rest and the anchor is in the corresponding ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ) equilibrium angular position, the first and second remote parts being arranged such that the ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ) angular equilibrium position of the anchor is, over at least a part of each range of angular positions among said at least one range of angular positions, a monotonic function of the angular position ⁇ of the escape wheel which moves away from a mid-position of the lever with a variation of said angular position ⁇ in the direction of rotation provided for the escape wheel, this middle position defining a zero angular position for the lever at equal angular distance from its two rest positions.
  • a maximum absolute value AM E of the angular position of equilibrium ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ) of the anchor over said at least one angular range is strictly less than an absolute angular value ⁇ Max
  • each first remote part among said at least one first remote part has, in a system of polar coordinates perpendicular to said first axis of rotation and centered on the latter, a first inclined surface so that each of said at least one second remote part can slide on at least a part of this first inclined surface while the escape wheel passes through a corresponding range of angular positions among said at least one range of angular positions and while the lever angularly follows a curve defined by the corresponding angular positions of equilibrium ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ).
  • each second distant part among said at least one second distant part has, in the aforementioned polar coordinate system, a second inclined surface when the anchor is in any angular position of equilibrium ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ) corresponding to any angular position of a range of angular positions, among said at least one range of angular positions, in which this second remote part is in contact with a first part one of said at least one first distant part, the second inclined surface being configured such that each first distant part of said at least one first distant part can slide on at least a part of this second inclined surface while the escape wheel crosses a range of angular positions, among said at least one range of positi angular ons, which relates to the first and second distant parts considered and that the anchor angularly follows a curve defined by the corresponding angular positions of equilibrium ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ).
  • said at least one second remote part of the anchor is formed by two mechanical pallets and the escape wheel comprises a plurality of remote parts constituting said at least one first remote part, this plurality of remote parts being respectively associated with said plurality of increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy.
  • the two mechanical pallets are respectively associated with two magnetic pallets formed by two magnets arranged so as to be each at least periodically magnetically coupled, in repulsion, with the periodic magnetized structure of the escape wheel.
  • the plurality of distant parts is formed by a plurality of teeth and the two mechanical pallets are configured so as to form, in normal operation of the mechanical movement, mechanical stops for this plurality of teeth, so as to improve the exhaust operation or to allow a step-by-step rotation of the escape wheel which is synchronized with the reciprocating movement of the lever and therefore with the oscillation of the mechanical resonator.
  • the lever and the escape wheel are arranged so that, when the lever presents said reciprocating movement and the force torque supplied to the escape wheel is equal to said nominal force or included in at least an upper part of said range of values expected in normal operation and after one of the two magnetic pallets has climbed any one of said increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy following tilting of the anchor in its corresponding rest position, the tooth of the escape wheel associated with said any one of said increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy undergoes at least a first impact on one of the two mechanical lever pallets.
  • This first shock momentarily prevents rotation of the escape wheel beyond an angular stop position, defined by said first or second mechanical pallet, before a next rocking of the anchor and it intervenes in such a way as to dissipate at least partially a kinetic energy of the escape wheel acquired following said tilting.
  • the escapement is arranged so that, following the first impact and before the next rocking of the lever, the escapement wheel stops momentarily.
  • the watch movement includes an escapement 12 which is associated with the mechanical resonator whose small plate and peg are elements forming this escapement.
  • the escapement 12 further comprises an escape wheel 16 and an pallet 14 which is a separate member from the mechanical resonator and whose axis of rotation is different from that of this mechanical resonator.
  • the anchor 14 is formed, on the one hand, of a rod 20 terminated by a fork 18, comprising two horns 19a and 19b, and by a dart 8 and, on the other hand, of two arms 24 and 26 whose free ends respectively form two mechanical pallets 28 and 29.
  • the two mechanical pallets respectively support two magnets 30 and 32 which form two magnetic pallets of the anchor 14.
  • the mechanical resonator 2 is coupled to the anchor so that, when the resonator mechanism oscillates normally, this anchor undergoes an alternating movement, synchronized with the oscillation of the mechanical resonator, between two rest positions, defined by two limiting pins 21 and 22, in which the anchor remains alternately during successive time intervals.
  • the escape wheel 16 comprises a periodic magnetized structure 36 which is arranged on a disc 34 preferably made of non-magnetic material (which does not conduct magnetic fields).
  • the structure 36 has globally circular magnetized portions 38 defining increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy for the two magnetic pallets 30, 32, which each have an axial magnetization with a polarity opposite to that of the axial magnetization of the periodic magnetized structure so as to generate magnetic repulsion between the magnetic pallets and the magnetized structure.
  • Each magnetized portion 38 has a monotonically increasing width. In particular, the width of the magnetized portions increases, over their entire useful length, linearly as a function of the central angle.
  • the periodic magnetized structure 36 is arranged so that its outer periphery is circular, the arcuate portions 38 of this magnetized structure having the same configuration and being arranged circularly around the axis of rotation of the wheel exhaust.
  • each increasing ramp of magnetic potential energy is provided so that each of the two magnetic pallets can climb it when the anchor is in a given rest position, among its two rest positions, and that a torque of force supplied to the escape wheel is substantially equal to a torque of nominal force (case of a mechanical movement equipped with a constant force system for driving the escape wheel) or included in a range of values provided to ensure normal operation of the watch movement (case of a conventional mechanical movement having a variable force torque applied to the escape wheel depending on the level of winding of the barrel or barrels if several are provided in series).
  • the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy are climbed, when the anchor undergoes an alternating movement between its two rest positions and when the force torque supplied to the escape wheel is equal to said nominal force torque or included in the range predicted values for this force couple in normal operation, successively by each of the first and second magnetic pallets when the anchor is respectively in its first and second rest positions, and alternately by these first and second magnetic pallets during the reciprocating movement of the anchor.
  • the two magnetic paddles and the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy are arranged so that the anchor can experience an impulse of magnetic force in the direction of its movement, after any one of the two magnetic paddles has climbed any of said ramps increasing magnetic potential energy, when the anchor swings from the rest position corresponding to any ramp of magnetic potential energy to its other rest position.
  • Curve 52 shown in Figure 2 gives the angular position ⁇ FN ( ⁇ ) of the lever, in normal operation of the watch movement, as a function of the angular position ⁇ of the escape wheel.
  • the horizontal sections of curve 52 correspond to anchor 14 in one or the other of its two rest positions (angular positions +/- ⁇ Max ) and the rising and falling sides correspond to the alternating swings of this anchor, between its two rest positions, during which the anchor successively undergoes pulses of magnetic force, which enables it to supply sustain pulses to the mechanical resonator via the fork 18.
  • the periodic magnetized structure 36 also defines for each of the two magnetic pallets magnetic barriers 46 which are located respectively following the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy defined by the magnetized portions 38, these magnetic barriers being formed in particular by magnetic pads 46 of the structure 36 whose radial dimension is substantially equal to or greater than the longitudinal dimension of each of the two magnets 30 and 32 forming the magnetic pallets of the anchor.
  • Each magnetic pad/magnetic barrier is arranged in such a way as to exert a couple of magnetic forces on the escape wheel 16, having a direction opposite to that said torque of force supplied to this escapement wheel, when this escapement wheel is in an angular position of balance of the forces which are exerted on it while one or the other of the two magnetic pallets is located at the top of the magnetic potential energy ramp / at the widest end of the magnetized portion 38 which precedes the magnetic barrier / the magnetic pad 46 considered.
  • the arrangement of the magnetic barriers is provided so that the torque of magnetic force which is exerted on the escape wheel in each angular position of equilibrium of the forces is greater than a maximum torque of magnetic force generated by the ramp of magnetic potential energy/the magnetized portion 38 preceding the magnetic barrier considered before the escape wheel reaches the angular position of force equilibrium.
  • the escape wheel further comprises protrusions which are respectively associated with the increasing ramps of magnetic potential energy.
  • These projecting parts are formed by teeth 42 extending radially from a plate 40 which is integral with the escape wheel and located above the disc 34 carrying the magnetic structure 36. These teeth are located respectively following the portions magnetized 38, on the side of their widest end, and are partially superimposed on the corresponding magnetic pads 46.
  • the teeth 42 are arranged to cooperate on starting with the mechanical pallets 28 and 29, as will be explained in more detail later.
  • the teeth and mechanical pallets are formed by a non-magnetic material.
  • the teeth extend in a general plane in which the two mechanical pallets 28, 29 of the anchor also extend.
  • the two magnets 30, 32 are respectively supported by the two mechanical pallets and are also located in said general plane.
  • the figures only show a lower magnetized structure, located below the general plane.
  • the escape wheel also comprises a structure magnetized upper, of the same configuration as the lower magnetized structure and supported by an upper disc preferably formed of a non-magnetic material.
  • the lower and upper magnet structures together form the periodic magnet structure. They have the same magnetic polarity, opposite to that of the two magnets of the anchor, and are arranged on either side of the geometric plane in which these two magnets forming the two magnetic pallets are located, preferably at the same distance.
  • This impact occurs in such a way as to at least partially dissipate a kinetic energy of the escape wheel acquired following said tilting.
  • the teeth of the escape wheel are designed to absorb kinetic energy from this escape wheel, at each step of the escape wheel after an accumulation of magnetic potential energy in the escapement for a next pulse of escapement. maintenance of the mechanical resonator, and to thereby limit terminal oscillation during each step of its step-by-step rotation.
  • the escapement is arranged so that, following said at least one first shock of any one of the two mechanical pallets against any one of the teeth of the escape wheel, this first shock momentarily stopping the rotation of the escapement wheel beyond an angular stop position, and before a next rocking of the lever, the escapement wheel comes to a standstill in an angular stop position which corresponds by definition to a position of equilibrium forces present.
  • a tooth 42 presses against a mechanical stop of the anchor formed by one or the other of the two mechanical pallets.
  • the escapement is therefore a hybrid escapement, that is to say magnetic and mechanical.
  • Each angular stop position is thus defined by a tooth resting against a mechanical pallet.
  • the escape wheel comprises at least a first part distant relative to its axis of rotation
  • the anchor comprises at least a second part distant relative to its axis of rotation
  • the escapement wheel comprises a plurality of first remote parts which are formed by the teeth 42
  • the lever comprises two second remote parts formed respectively by the first and second mechanical pallets 28, 29.
  • the anchor 14 is for any angular position ⁇ (angular stop position) of the escapement wheel 16 in a corresponding angular position of equilibrium ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ) which depends on this angular position.
  • ⁇ angular stop position
  • the mechanical resonator when it is at rest, it is not necessarily located in its rest position (position of minimum mechanical energy with the hairspring relaxed), because the anchor can exert a certain force on it, from made of the magnetic system of the escapement and/or the mechanical device which is provided within the scope of the invention, and move it into angular positions where the hairspring of this mechanical resonator is then slightly stretched and therefore exerts a small restoring force.
  • an equilibrium position is generally determined for the assembly consisting of the escapement and the mechanical resonator for each angular position ⁇ of the escape wheel, and an angular position of equilibrium ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ) is determined for the anchor.
  • the 50 curve at the Figure 2 giving the angular position of equilibrium ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ) of the lever 14 as a function of the angular position ⁇ of the escapement wheel 16, has substantially horizontal sections at a median position, defining a zero angular position for the anchor 14, at equal angular distance from the two rest positions of this anchor which correspond to the two extreme angular values +/- ⁇ Max for the reciprocating movement of the anchor.
  • the teeth 42 and the two mechanical pallets 28, 29 are arranged so that the angular position of equilibrium ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ) of the anchor 14 is, over at least a first part of each of the ranges of angular positions PC P1 and PC P2 , a monotonic function of the angular position ⁇ of the escape wheel which moves away from the mid-position '0' of the lever with a variation of this angular position ⁇ in the direction of rotation provided for the escape wheel, as shown in Figure 2 .
  • a maximum absolute value AM E is provided for the angular position of equilibrium ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ) of the anchor over the ranges of angular positions PC P1 and PC P2 which is strictly less than an absolute angular value ⁇ Max of the two resting positions of the anchor, as also shown in Figure 2 .
  • the escapement wheel 16 and the lever 14 are arranged so that, when the escapement wheel begins to rotate, in a starting phase, from any angular position while being subjected to a lower starting torque or equal to the torque of force provided for in normal operation, it does not encounter any stop of magnetic or mechanical origin which is likely to stop it before this escape wheel reaches a next range of angular positions PC P1 or PC P2 , in particular said at least a first part of this next range of angular positions exhibiting said monotonic function.
  • the teeth 42 and the mechanical pallets 28, 29 are configured so that, in said next range of angular positions, the escapement wheel 16 subjected to said starting torque is not stopped by the contact between the tooth and the mechanical pallet concerned but that the tooth concerned can transmit at least a major part of said starting torque to the anchor.
  • the variant shown is special due to the particular magnetic system of the escapement. Indeed, in the absence of teeth 42, the angular position of equilibrium of the lever would remain substantially at zero over a magnetic period P RE of the escapement wheel, and therefore over a complete revolution of this escapement wheel. . Under these conditions, it is understood that no start-up of the mechanical resonator and the associated escapement can take place without specific means for this purpose being provided, to allow the mechanical resonator to be activated again and at anchor. to present a resultant reciprocating motion.
  • each of the teeth 42 has, in a polar coordinate system R, ⁇ (see Figures 1A to 1I ) perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the escape wheel 16 and centered thereon, a first inclined surface SI 1 which is inclined so that each of the first and second mechanical pallets 28, 29 can, in a phase of starting, sliding on this first inclined surface while the escapement wheel crosses a corresponding range of angular positions ⁇ , among the ranges of angular positions PC P1 or PC P2 , and the lever 14 at least partially follows a portion of the curve 50, which is defined by the angular positions of equilibrium ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ), corresponding to this range of angular positions.
  • each of the two mechanical pallets of the anchor has, in the polar coordinate system R, ⁇ associated with the escapement wheel, a second inclined surface SI 2 when the anchor is in any angular position of equilibrium ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ) corresponding to any angular position ⁇ of a range of angular positions, among the ranges of angular positions PC P1 and PC P2 , in which the mechanical pallet considered is in contact with one of the teeth 42 of the escape wheel .
  • the second inclined surface SI 2 is configured so that each of the teeth 42 can, in a starting phase, slide on this second inclined surface while the escape wheel passes through a range of angular positions ⁇ , among the ranges of angular positions PC P1 and PC P2 , which relates to the tooth and the mechanical pallet considered, and the anchor 14 follows at least partially a portion of the curve 50, which is defined by the angular positions of equilibrium ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ) , corresponding to said range of angular positions.
  • FIGS. 1A to 1l a starting sequence/starting phase of a hybrid escapement 12 according to the invention will finally be described below.
  • FIGs 1A to 1I show a series of successive events occurring when the assembly formed by the mechanical resonator 2 and the escapement 12 is started up during winding of the barrel of the watch movement incorporating this assembly, after the watch movement has stopped because of its mainspring disarmed barrel.
  • the watch movement is stopped, the mechanical resonator at rest and the anchor in a corresponding angular position of equilibrium, which is the median position of the anchor which defines its zero angular position.
  • the escape wheel drive mechanism 16 applies a force torque to this escape wheel, allowing it to start rotating again in the intended clockwise direction, and a tooth 42 then comes into contact with the mechanical palette 28 (event shown in Figure 1B ), so as to generate on this mechanical pallet a tangential force F TD in a system of polar coordinates r, ⁇ associated with the anchor 14, that is to say perpendicular to the axis of rotation of this anchor and centered on this one.
  • this tangential force F TD is obtained by the fact that the point of initial contact between the tooth and the mechanical plate is located on at least one of the two inclined surfaces SI 1 and SI 2 (see Figure 1C ) exhibited respectively by the tooth 42 and the mechanical pallet 28 in the system of polar coordinates which is associated with the escapement wheel.
  • the inclined surfaces SI 1 and SI 2 are inclined planes. It will be noted that, at start-up during contact between a tooth and a mechanical pallet, it is advantageous to have, as shown, a magnetic barrier 46 superimposed on the corresponding inclined surfaces SI 1 and SI 2 in order to be able to produce a certain magnetic repulsion force on the magnet associated with the mechanical pallet in contact with the tooth. This magnetic repulsion force reduces the contact force between the tooth and the mechanical pallet and therefore the friction when one slides over the other, which opposes the rotation of the escape wheel and therefore the starting . This particular configuration facilitates self-starting which can thus occur for a greater range of torque applied to the escape wheel.
  • each angular contact zone to correspond to contact points on one and/or the other of the two inclined planes SI 1 and SI 2 .
  • only the teeth or the two pallets each have an inclined surface while respectively the two pallets or the teeth each have a projecting part configured so as to be able to slide at start-up along each of said inclined surfaces in the angular zones respective contacts.
  • the angular zones of contact at start-up namely the zones of angular positions ⁇ ( ⁇ ) on which there is contact at start-up, are given substantially by the curve 50 of angular positions of equilibrium ⁇ ER ( ⁇ ), previously defined, on the respective angular contact zones for the escape wheel ( Figure 2 ).
  • FIG. 1G we see the escapement supplying a first entirely magnetic sustaining pulse, no tooth coming into contact with the inclined surface of the mechanical pallet 28, given that the rocking of the anchor has become faster than during the previous alternation .
  • the Figures 1H and 1I show the assembly formed by the mechanical resonator 2 and the escapement 12 in a short transitory phase before the appearance of a stationary operating phase corresponding to the normal operation of the watch movement whose mainspring has been reset.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Non-Mechanical Conveyors (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Uhrwerk, umfassend einen mechanischen Resonator (2) und eine diesem mechanischen Resonator zugeordnete Hemmung (12), wobei die Hemmung ein Hemmungsrad (16), das eine erste Drehachse besitzt, und einen Anker (14), der von dem mechanischen Resonator getrennt ist und eine zweite Drehachse besitzt, die von jener des mechanischen Resonators verschieden ist, umfasst; wobei der mechanische Resonator mit dem Anker so gekoppelt ist, das, wenn der mechanische Resonator eine Schwingung ausführt, der Anker zwischen zwei Ruhepositionen hin- und herbewegt wird, in denen der Anker abwechselnd während aufeinanderfolgender Zeitintervalle verbleibt; der Anker mindestens eine aus einem Magneten (30, 32) gebildete magnetische Palette aufweist und das Hemmungsrad eine periodisch magnetisierte Struktur (36) aufweist, die mehrere ansteigende Rampen (38) magnetischer Potentialenergie für die magnetische Palette definiert, wobei jede dieser ansteigenden Rampen magnetischer Potentialenergie so vorgesehen ist, dass die magnetische Palette sie erklimmen kann, wenn sich der Anker in einer entsprechenden Ruheposition unter den beiden Ruhepositionen befindet, und dass ein an das Hemmungsrad geliefertes Kraftmoment gleich einem Nennkraftmoment ist oder innerhalb eines Wertebereich liegt, der für den normalen Betrieb des Uhrwerks vorgesehen ist, wobei die magnetische Palette und die periodisch magnetisierte Struktur dafür ausgelegt sind, dass der Anker einen Magnetkraftimpuls in Richtung seiner Hin-und Herbewegung erfährt, nachdem die magnetische Palette irgendeine der ansteigenden Rampen magnetischer Potentialenergie erklommen hat, wenn der Anker von einer der beiden Ruhepositionen, die dieser magnetischen Palette ermöglicht hat, diese ansteigende Rampe magnetischer Potentialenergie zu erklimmen, in die andere Ruheposition kippt;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hemmungsrad mindestens einen ersten Teil (42) beabstandet von der Drehachse umfasst und der Anker mindestens einen zweiten Teil (28, 29) beabstandet von der zweiten Drehachse umfasst; dass dann, wenn der mechanische Resonator in Ruhe ist, der Anker für jede Winkelposition θ des in Ruhe befindlichen Hemmungsrades eine Gleichgewichtswinkelposition βER(θ) aufweist, die von dieser Winkelposition abhängt; dass bei jeder Winkelposition mindestens eines Bereichs von Winkelpositionen (PCP1, PCP2) des Hemmungsrades der erste und der zweite beabstandete Teil miteinander in Kontakt stehen, während der mechanische Resonator in Ruhe ist und der Anker sich in der entsprechenden Gleichgewichtswinkelposition βER(θ) befindet, wobei der beabstandete erste und der beabstandete zweite Teil dafür ausgelegt sind, dass die Gleichgewichtswinkelposition βER(θ) des Ankers in mindestens einem ersten Teil jedes Bereichs von Winkelpositionen unter dem mindestens einen Bereich von Winkelpositionen des Hemmungsrates eine monotone Funktion der Winkelposition θ des Hemmungsrades ist, die sich von einer Medianposition des Ankers mit einer Änderung der Winkelposition θ in der für das Hemmungsrad vorgesehenen Drehrichtung entfernt, wobei diese Medianposition eine Null-Winkelposition für den Anker mit gleichem Winkelabstand von diesen beiden Ruhepositionen definiert; und dass ein maximaler absolutere Wert (AME) der Gleichgewichtswinkelposition βER(θ) des Ankers über den mindestens einen Bereich von Winkelpositionen strikt kleiner als ein absoluter Winkelwert (βMax) der beiden Ruhepositionen ist.
  2. Uhrwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hemmungsrad (16) und der Anker (14) dafür ausgelegt sind, dann, wenn sich das Hemmungsrad in einer Startphase aus einer beliebigen Winkelposition θ heraus zu drehen beginnt, während es einem Anlaufdrehmoment ausgesetzt ist, das kleiner oder gleich dem Kraftmoment ist, auf keinerlei ursprünglichen magnetischen oder mechanischen Anschlag trifft, der es anhalten kann, bevor dieses Hemmungsrad einen nächsten Bereich von Winkelpositionen unter dem mindestens einen Bereich von Winkelpositionen (PCP1, PCP2) erreicht, in dem mindestens in einem Teil hiervon der mindestens eine beabstandete erste Teil und der mindestens eine beabstandete zweite Teil anschließend in Kontakt sind; und dass der mindestens eine beabstandete erste Teil und der mindestens eine beabstandete zweite Teil so konfiguriert sind, dass in dem nächsten Bereich von Winkelpositionen das Hemmungsrad, das dem Anlaufdrehmoment unterliegt, durch den Kontakt zwischen dem betreffenden beabstandeten ersten und dem betreffenden beabstandeten zweiten Teil nicht angehalten wird, sondern dass der betreffende beabstandete erste Teil das Anlaufdrehmoment mindestens zum größten Teil auf den Anker übertragen kann.
  3. Uhrwerk nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder beabstandete erste Teil (42) des mindestens einen beabstandeten ersten Teils in einem Polarkoordinatensystem (R, θ) senkrecht zu der ersten Drehachse und darauf zentriert eine erste geneigte Fläche (SI1) aufweist, derart, dass jeder beabstandete zweite Teil (28, 29) auf dieser ersten geneigten Fläche gleiten kann, während das Hemmungsrad einen entsprechenden Bereich von Winkelpositionen aus dem mindestens einen Bereich von Winkelpositionen (PCP1, PCP2) durchläuft, und dass der Anker in Winkelrichtung einer Kurve (50) folgt, die durch die entsprechenden Gleichgewichtswinkelpositionen βER(θ) definiert ist.
  4. Uhrwerk nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes beabstandete zweite Teil (28, 29) des mindestens einen beabstandeten zweiten Teils in einem Polarkoordinatensystem (R, θ) senkrecht zu der ersten Drehachse und darauf zentriert eine zweite geneigte Fläche (SI2) aufweist, wenn sich der Anker (14) in beliebigen Gleichgewichtswinkelposition βER(θ) befindet, die irgendeiner Winkelposition in einem Bereich von Winkelpositionen aus dem mindestens einen Bereich von Winkelpositionen entspricht, in der dieser beabstandete zweite Teil mit einem beabstandeten ersten Teil des mindestens einen beabstandeten ersten Teils (PCP1, PCP2) in Kontakt steht, wobei die zweite geneigte Fläche so konfiguriert ist, dass jeder beabstandete erste Teil (42) des mindestens einen beabstandeten ersten Teils auf dieser zweiten geneigten Fläche gleiten kann, während das Hemmungsrad einen Bereich von Winkelpositionen des mindestens einen Bereichs von Winkelpositionen, der auf den betreffenden beabstandeten ersten Teil und den betreffenden beabstandeten zweiten Teil bezogen ist, durchläuft, und dass der Anker in Winkelrichtung einer Kurve (50) folgt, die durch die entsprechenden Gleichgewichtswinkelpositionen βER(θ) definiert ist.
  5. Uhrwerk nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die magnetische Palette eine erste magnetische Palette (30) ist und der zweite vorstehende Teil eine erste mechanische Palette (28) ist, die der ersten magnetischen Palette zugeordnet ist; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anker eine zweite magnetische Palette (32) und eine zweite mechanische Palette (29), die dieser zweiten magnetischen Palette zugeordnet ist, aufweist, wobei die periodisch magnetisierte Struktur (36) und der Anker (14) dafür ausgelegt sind, dass die mehreren ansteigenden Rampen (38) magnetischer Potentialenergie auch für die zweite magnetische Palette definiert sind, wobei diese ansteigenden Rampen dann, wenn das an das Hemmungsrad gelieferte Kraftmoment gleich dem Nennkraftmoment ist oder in dem Wertebereich liegt, der für den normalen Betrieb des Uhrwerks vorgesehen ist, nacheinander sowohl von der ersten als auch von der zweiten magnetischen Palette erklommen werden können, wenn der Anker periodisch in einer ersten Ruheposition bzw. in einer zweiten Ruheposition unter den beiden Ruhepositionen ist, und bei der hin und her gehenden Bewegung des Ankers abwechselnd von dieser ersten und dieser zweiten magnetischen Palette erklommen werden können; dass die zweite magnetische Palette (32) und die mehreren ansteigenden Rampen magnetischer Potentialenergie dafür ausgelegt sind, dass der Anker (14) einen magnetischen Kraftimpuls in Richtung seiner Bewegung erfährt, nachdem die zweite magnetische Palette irgendeine der ansteigenden Rampen magnetischer Potentialenergie erklommen hat, wenn der Anker von der zweiten Ruheposition in die erste Ruheposition kippt; und dass jede ansteigende Rampe der mehreren ansteigenden Rampen magnetischer Potentialenergie einem anderen vorstehenden Teil unter mehreren vorstehenden Teilen (42), die den mindestens einen ersten vorstehenden Teil bilden, zugeordnet ist.
  6. Uhrwerk nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste und die zweite magnetische Palette (28, 29) des Ankers (14) im normalen Betrieb zwei mechanische Anschläge für die mehreren vorstehenden Teile definieren; und dass der Anker und das Hemmungsrad dafür ausgelegt sind, dass dann, wenn der Anker die hin und her gehende Bewegung ausführt und das an das Hemmungsrad gelieferte Kraftmoment gleich dem Nennkraftmoment ist oder in mindestens einem oberen Teil des Wertebereichs liegt, und nachdem die erste oder die zweite magnetische Palette als Folge des Kippens des Ankers in die entsprechende erste oder zweite Ruheposition irgendeine der ansteigenden Rampen magnetischer Potentialenergie erklommen hat, der vorstehende Teil (42) des Hemmungsrades, der diese ansteigender Rampe magnetischer Potentialenergie zugeordnet ist, mindestens einen ersten Stoß auf die erste oder die zweite mechanische Palette des Ankers erfährt, wobei dieser erste Stoß die Drehung des Hemmungsrades über eine Anschlagwinkelposition hinaus, die durch die erste und die zweite mechanische Palette (28, 29) definiert ist, sofort anhält und bewirkt, dass kinetische Energie des Hemmungsrades, die es als Folge des Kippens erlangt hat, mindestens teilweise abgeführt wird.
  7. Uhrwerk nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hemmung (12) dafür ausgelegt ist, das folgend auf den ersten Stoß und vor einem nächsten Kippen des Ankers (14) das Hemmungsrad in einer Halte-Winkelposition sofort unbeweglich gemacht wird.
  8. Uhrwerk nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dann, wenn das an das Hemmungsrad gelieferte Kraftmoment gleich dem Nennkraftmoment ist oder einen Wert in mindestens einer Zone oberhalb des oberen Teils des Wertebereichs besitzt, das vorstehende Teil (42), das mindestens einen ersten Stoß erfahren hat, sobald das Hemmungsrad in der Halte-Winkelposition sofort unbeweglich gemacht worden ist, gegen die erste oder die zweite mechanische Palette drückt, derart, dass die Halte-Winkelposition dann die Anschlag-Winkelposition ist.
  9. Uhrwerk nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für jedes Kraftmoment in dem Wertebereich der mindestens eine erste Stoß von dem vorstehenden Teil (42) des Hemmungsrades, das der einen der ansteigenden Rampen magnetischer Potentialenergie zugeordnet ist, erfahren wird; und dass dieser vorstehende Teil, sobald das Hemmungsrad sofort angehalten hat, gegen die erste oder die zweite mechanische Palette drückt.
  10. Uhrwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die periodisch magnetisierte Struktur (36) dafür ausgelegt ist, dass ihr Außenumfang im Wesentlichen kreisförmig ist, wobei Bogenabschnitte des Kreises (38) dieser magnetisierten Struktur, die jeweils die Rampen magnetischer Potentialenergie definieren, kreisförmig um die erste Drehachse angeordnet sind.
  11. Uhrwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vorstehenden Teile durch Zähne (42) gebildet sind, die sich in einer allgemeinen Ebene erstrecken, in der sich auch die erste und die zweite mechanische Palette (28, 29) erstrecken, die den Magneten (30) bzw. einen weiteren Magneten (32), der die zweite magnetische Palette bildet, die sich ebenfalls in der allgemeinen Ebene befinden, tragen.
EP20164021.6A 2020-03-18 2020-03-18 Uhrwerk, das mit einer uhrhemmung mit einem magnetischen system ausgestattet ist Active EP3882713B1 (de)

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EP20164021.6A EP3882713B1 (de) 2020-03-18 2020-03-18 Uhrwerk, das mit einer uhrhemmung mit einem magnetischen system ausgestattet ist
US17/175,166 US11886146B2 (en) 2020-03-18 2021-02-12 Horological movement comprising an escapement equipped with a magnetic system
JP2021028337A JP7100733B2 (ja) 2020-03-18 2021-02-25 磁気的システムを備えるエスケープを備える計時器用ムーブメント
CN202110305234.7A CN113495473B (zh) 2020-03-18 2021-03-18 包括配备有磁性系统的擒纵机构的钟表机芯

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CH510285A (fr) * 1969-10-22 1971-03-31 Far Fab Assortiments Reunies Echappement à ancre pour pièce d'horlogerie
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EP2887157B1 (de) * 2013-12-23 2018-02-07 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Optimierte uhrhemmung
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CH711609A2 (en) 2015-10-06 2017-04-13 Swatch Group Res & Dev Ltd Flexible anchor with constant force.
EP3185083B1 (de) 2015-12-23 2018-11-14 Montres Breguet S.A. Mechanischer uhrmechanismus mit einer ankerhemmung
EP3208667A1 (de) * 2016-02-18 2017-08-23 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Magnetisches hemmungsdrehteil eines uhrwerks
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JP2021148780A (ja) 2021-09-27
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