EP3861255A2 - Bruleur et procede de combustion pour bruleur - Google Patents
Bruleur et procede de combustion pour bruleurInfo
- Publication number
- EP3861255A2 EP3861255A2 EP18797010.8A EP18797010A EP3861255A2 EP 3861255 A2 EP3861255 A2 EP 3861255A2 EP 18797010 A EP18797010 A EP 18797010A EP 3861255 A2 EP3861255 A2 EP 3861255A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- burner
- fuel flow
- fuel
- peripheral
- nozzle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/48—Nozzles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/16—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration with devices inside the flame tube or the combustion chamber to influence the air or gas flow
- F23R3/18—Flame stabilising means, e.g. flame holders for after-burners of jet-propulsion plants
- F23R3/20—Flame stabilising means, e.g. flame holders for after-burners of jet-propulsion plants incorporating fuel injection means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/00008—Burner assemblies with diffusion and premix modes, i.e. dual mode burners
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a burner, as well as the combustion process for said burner.
- the burner is a premix gas burner intended for industrial applications such as boilers, hot gas generators, etc.
- This type of burner is generally intended to be mounted in a fireplace (also called a combustion chamber) in which the flame is generated.
- the burners when burning, emit nitrogen oxides, denoted NOx below, which are an undesirable consequence of combustion, considered as harmful pollutants for the environment and health.
- NOx Standard (or Standard NOx) if the NOx release level is less than 60 ppm (part per million);
- Ultra-Low NOx (or "Ultra-Low NOx”) if the level of NOx is less than 10 ppm (as is required, for example, in California, Texas, Louisiana, New Jersey ).
- a "package" boiler is, for example, an industrial boiler having sufficiently small dimensions for their transport (generally transportable by a standard truck) and their installation to be facilitated thereby boiler type has a fireplace whose volume and / or diameter are reduced compared to a conventional boiler.
- Figures la, lb, 2a and 2b are very schematic views, in longitudinal or transverse section, of a burner 1 mounted in a focus 3 or 3 '.
- the burner 1 comprises a central nozzle 5 and a plurality of peripheral nozzles 7 arranged in a substantially circular manner around the central nozzle 5.
- the burner 1 has an apparent diameter C> B and a peripheral injection diameter ⁇ .
- the apparent diameter>> B of the burner corresponds to the diameter actually occupied by the flame or flames of the burner in the hearth 3 (this corresponds substantially to the useful section seen by the flame).
- the peripheral injection diameter cpp corresponds, for its part, to the distance between two opposite peripheral nozzles 7, that is to say the straight line connecting the center of two opposite peripheral nozzles 7 and passing through the center of the central nozzle. 5.
- the hearth 3 has, meanwhile, an equivalent diameter ⁇ > E which is the useful diameter in which the energy generated by the burner 1 can be distributed (this corresponds to the useful area of the fireplace in the combustion process).
- the burner 1 when the burner 1 is in operation, it generates a total power denoted PB, the total power PB consisting of a so-called central power Pc generated by the central nozzle 5 and a so-called peripheral power Pp generated by the peripheral nozzles 7.
- the peripheral power density D P (expressed in kW / m 2 or in kJ / s / m 2 ) which corresponds to the amount of peripheral energy per unit of time supplied by the peripheral nozzles 7 of the burner 1, ie Pp relative to the cross section of the hearth in which the peripheral power is developed, hence:
- the Applicant has thus been able to observe that in foci with small dimensions, the amount of NO x formed is directly proportional to the peripheral power density density Dp. For a given burner power, the smaller the focus, the higher the peripheral power density Dp increases and the amount of NOx generated increases.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b which each represent a burner similar to that of FIG.
- the same references are used below to designate similar elements.
- the only difference between the burner unit 1 - hearth 3 of FIG. 2a and the burner assembly the hearth 3 'of FIG. 2b lies in the fact that the hearth 3' has smaller dimensions than the hearth 3 , the burners 1 and the being, for their part, identical.
- the staging of the fuel which consists of introducing fractional fuel into the burner, to cause the creation of different combustion zones to reduce NOx already formed.
- thermal NOx when these are formed by chemical combination of oxygen and nitrogen of the air during a very high temperature combustion (generally higher than 1500 ° C).
- the amount of NOx formed decreases, when the power transfer from the center of the burner to the periphery increases and / or when the peripheral injection diameter ⁇ increases.
- the flame is adjustable in diameter and length so as to avoid impacts on the side walls and / or bottom of the combustion chamber.
- FGR External flue gas recirculation
- FGR External flue gas recirculation
- a percentage of FGR is thus defined by the ratio of the recycled flue gas flow rate QFGR to the comburent combustion burner flow rate entering the burner (each of the flow rates being generally expressed in Nm3 / h for cubic standard meters). per hour), that is:
- % FGR QFGR / (Qcomb + QFGR)
- the conventional burners with low NO x emission are able to operate with at the most 15% FGR percentages, beyond 15%, the significant depletion of the oxidant (air in the present example) in O 2 does not allow plus to ensure a stable and safe combustion.
- the present invention aims to remedy at least one of the disadvantages mentioned above and to propose a new type of burner, as well as a combustion method associated with said burner.
- the present invention relates to a burner intended to be mounted in a fireplace, said burner comprising at least: - A central nozzle configured to be fed with oxidant and fuel;
- peripheral nozzles configured to be fed with oxidant and fuel and which each comprise at least one upstream fuel injector so as to pre-mix the fuel and the oxidant in said nozzle;
- At least one oxidant inlet connected to said central and / or peripheral nozzles;
- peripheral nozzles each comprise a flame stabilizer disposed at the end of said peripheral nozzle intended to open into the focus, as well as an end injector for injecting fuel at said end of said peripheral nozzle .
- the particular structure of the burner according to the invention makes it possible in particular to obtain a combustion of the fuel, such as a gas, with a NO x emission of less than 10 ppm, for the use of said burner in foci of reduced dimensions.
- said burner structure makes it possible in particular to control:
- the addition of fuel injector at the end of the burner allows local enrichment of the premix at the outlet of the peripheral nozzle, locally increasing the flame temperature to promote the attachment thereof.
- a burner comprises an end in which fuel and oxidant are conveyed by the nozzles and in which a combustion reaction occurs, that is to say an area which may also be referred to as the sub-nose of the nozzle. burner. It is generally the area immediately downstream of the nozzles.
- the burner comprises a fuel supply.
- the burner is a gas burner and premix.
- said burner is intended to burn various gases, such as methane, propane, biogas, etc.
- the burner has a main axis.
- the main axis is generally a straight line passing through the center of the burner and parallel to the largest dimension of the burner.
- the main axis can also be confused with the axis of revolution of the burner.
- each of the nozzles, central or peripheral has a longitudinal axis substantially parallel to the main axis of the burner.
- a nozzle whether it is central or peripheral, comprises:
- a flow conduit in which can flow fuel, oxidant or a fuel-oxidant mixture
- an injector or several injectors for oxidant, fuel or a fuel-oxidant mixture is provided.
- the flame stabilizer has an area between 40 and 70% of the section of the associated peripheral nozzle, and preferably an area of between 50 and 70% (the section of the peripheral nozzle identifying itself in particular to the passage section of the nozzle flow duct).
- This specific surface gap notably makes it possible to improve the premixing in the peripheral nozzles, but also to obtain a more linear gas velocity profile (at say the gas velocity variations between the center and the periphery of the nozzle are reduced).
- the flame stabilizer comprises a central portion disposed in the center of the peripheral nozzle, it is the surface of the central portion which must have an area of between 40 and 70%, or preferably between 50 and 70% , section of the nozzle.
- the flame stabilizer is connected to the burner structure by an intermediate piece maintaining said central portion at the center of the peripheral nozzle.
- the central nozzle comprises a central injector configured to inject fuel, characterized in that said injector comprises radial injection openings which are orthogonal to the main axis of the burner.
- the central nozzle comprises an oxidizer injector which has oxidant injection openings which are straight and substantially parallel to the main axis of the burner.
- the fuel-oxidant injections are orthogonal to each other in the central nozzle of the burner, causing among other things a better attachment of the flame.
- said burner comprises injection lances configured to inject fuel at the periphery of the central nozzle and / or peripheral nozzles.
- the present invention also relates to a combustion method for a burner, as defined above, configured to burn fuel flowing through the burner with a total flow rate.
- the central nozzle is configured to deliver a fuel flow C
- the set of upstream injectors is configured to deliver a fuel flow P
- the set of end injectors is config ured to deliver a fuel flow S
- the fuel flow P representing at most 85% of the total fuel flow rate QT
- the fuel flow rate C representing at most 10% of the total fuel flow rate QT
- the fuel flow rate S representing a maximum of 15% the total fuel flow QT.
- the fuel flow P represents at least 70% of the total fuel flow QT
- the fuel flow C represents at least 5% of the total fuel flow QT.
- the set of injection lances delivers a fuel flow G representing at most 20% of the total fuel flow rate QT.
- the fuel flow G represents at most 10% of the total fuel flow QT.
- the oxidant comprises at most 35% of combustion fumes (ie a% FGR less than or equal to 35%).
- FIG. 3 represents a schematic perspective view of a burner according to the invention
- FIGS. 4 to 6 represent very schematic views, in cross-section and in longitudinal section, of the burner nozzles of FIG.
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a burner 11 according to the invention to be mounted in a fireplace having for example reduced dimensions.
- the burner 11 comprises a main body 13, for example of substantially cylindrical shape, in which is arranged an oxidizer inlet 13a.
- the oxidizer inlet 13a generally comprises a regulating means, such as a flap, of the amount of oxidant entering the main body 13.
- the oxidant used is air, but any oxidizer for combustion can be used.
- the burner 11 also comprises a feed means (not shown in FIG. 3) for fuel, more particularly a gas, such as methane propane, and one or more nozzles 15 and 17. More particularly, the burner 11 comprises a so-called central nozzle 15 and so-called peripheral nozzles 17 arranged around the central nozzle 15.
- fuel more particularly a gas, such as methane propane
- nozzles 15 and 17 More particularly, the burner 11 comprises a so-called central nozzle 15 and so-called peripheral nozzles 17 arranged around the central nozzle 15.
- the central nozzle 15 is intended to create a radial flame, while the peripheral nozzles 17 are intended to create mainly axial flames.
- the radial flame generated by the central nozzle 15 also has the function of ensuring at least partly the ignition between peripheral nozzles 17.
- peripheral nozzles 17 are arranged circularly, around the central nozzle 15, with a diameter cpp, the diameter cpp identifying with the peripheral injection diameter previously detailed.
- the different nozzles of a burner comprise at least one flow duct, as well as one or several injectors of oxidizer, fuel or an oxidant / fuel mixture.
- the flow conduit comprises a first end connected to the oxidizer inlet 13a and a second end opening to an area in which the combustion is carried out and in which the flame is generated.
- the set of nozzles, central 15 and peripheral 17, open at an end 11a intended to open into the home when the burner is in the mounted position also referred to as the nose burner area.
- This end or zone is the place where the combustion takes place (it is an area in which the fuel and the oxidant having been brought by the different nozzles will be found in order to generate a combustion reaction).
- the burner 11 has a main axis A (or central), which is for example the axis of revolution of the central nozzle 15 (this may also be the axis of revolution of the burner).
- Each of the axes of revolution of the peripheral nozzles 17 is part of a circle of diameter cpp whose center belongs to the main axis A.
- the burner 11 comprises fuel injection lances 19 disposed peripherally outwardly of the peripheral nozzles 17.
- Said fuel lances 19 are preferably arranged in a circular manner, between or around the peripheral nozzles 17. It will be noted, however, that the presence of injection lances in the burner is only one embodiment of the invention and that the injection lances 19 are not necessary for the proper functioning of the burner 11.
- the hearth comes to cap the diameter circle ⁇ > B.
- an equivalent diameter C> E of the hearth which corresponds to a circle which fits in the walls delimiting the focus and which surrounds the circle of diameter ⁇ > B.
- the central nozzle 15 comprises two parts:
- a central fuel injector 151 configured to radially inject fuel into a furnace (radially with respect to the main axis A of the central nozzle 15);
- the central injector 151 is protruding, of substantially cylindrical shape, and comprises a plurality of openings 157.
- FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view in longitudinal section of the central nozzle 15 of the burner of FIG.
- the central nozzle 15 comprises a flow conduit 154 having a first 154a and a second end 154b, and a fuel supply conduit 152 connecting the end portion of the central injector 151 to a fuel source.
- the first end 154a of the central nozzle 15 is connected to the oxidizer inlet 13a so as to allow the oxidant to circulate inside said duct 154.
- the second end 154b opens at the end burner 11a, when the burner is in mounted position in the fireplace.
- FIGS. 5a to 5c Details of the terminal part, that is to say the part situated near the combustion end 11a of the burner 11, of the central nozzle 15 are shown in FIGS. 5a to 5c and will be explained hereinafter below. of these figures.
- Figures 5a to 5c are very schematic views of the central injector 151 respectively in cross section and longitudinal.
- the openings 157 are radial, arranged circularly around the main axis A (which is also the axis of revolution of the central nozzle 15) and oriented orthogonally to said main axis A of the burner 11.
- the oxidizer injector 153 includes a plurality of apertures 159 oriented substantially along the main axis A (i.e., the normal to the passage section of the aperture 159 is substantially parallel to the major axis AT).
- the openings 157 and 159 respectively of the central injector 151 and the oxidizer injector 153 are preferably straight.
- FIG. 6, for its part, is a very schematic view, in longitudinal section, of a peripheral nozzle 17.
- the peripheral nozzle 17 comprises a flow duct 171 having a first and a second end 171b, as well as two fuel injectors, respectively upstream (or pre-mixing) 172 and nose 173 respectively.
- the first end of the peripheral nozzle 17 is connected to the oxidizer inlet 13a so as to allow the oxidant to circulate inside said conduit 171.
- the second end 171b opens at the end of the combustion of the burner 11a.
- the upstream injector 172 is disposed in the flow duct 171 and is configured to inject fuel so that it mixes with the oxidant, so there is a fuel-oxidant premix that is made in the nozzle 17.
- the premix is made in the time required for the fuel to reach the second end 171b.
- the peripheral nozzle 17 further comprises a flame stabilizer 175.
- the nose injector 173 is configured to inject fuel at the nose of the peripheral nozzle 17, which also corresponds to at the nose of the burner 11a. More particularly, the nose injector 173 opens at the level of the flame stabilizer 175, for example by crossing it at its center (which is also the center of the peripheral nozzle 17).
- the upstream injector 172 and the nose injector 173 may be separate and independent fuel injectors, but may be, as in the present embodiment, connected to each other, the end injector 173 being fluidly connected to the upstream injector 172.
- the flame stabilizer 175 is held in the center of the peripheral nozzle 17 via the end injector 173 (said injector 173 then serves as support for the stabilizer 175).
- the oxidant enters through the oxidizer inlet 13a and flows in the central nozzle 15 and the peripheral nozzles 17.
- the oxidant exits the burner 11 through the openings 159 of the oxidizer injector 153 and by the peripheral nozzles 17, through the second ends 171b, passing around the flame stabilizers 175.
- the burner 11 delivers a total fuel flow QT.
- the central nozzle 15 delivers a fuel flow rate denoted C
- the set of upstream injectors 172 of the peripheral nozzles 17 have a fuel flow rate denoted P
- the set of end injectors 173 of the peripheral nozzles 17 have a noted fuel flow rate.
- S and the set of peripheral lances 19 delivers a fuel flow rated G.
- the total fuel flow rate QT flowing through the burner 11 is the sum of the flow rates indicated above C, P, S and G.
- the total fuel flow rate QT flowing through the burner 11 is the sum of flow rates C, P , S.
- the combustion process according to the invention has at least: a fuel flow P between 70 and 85% of the total fuel flow rate QT;
- a fuel flow rate S comprised between 1 and 15% of the total fuel flow rate QT, and preferably between 7 and 15% of the total fuel flow rate QT.
- the set of injection lances delivers a fuel flow G equal to at most 20% of the total fuel flow rate QT, and preferably less than 10% of the total fuel flow QT.
- the oxidant used in the combustion process comprises at most 35% combustion fumes (ie a% FGR less than or equal to 35%), and preferably between 20 and 35% of the combustion fumes. combustion fumes (ie a% FGR between 20 and 35%).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2018/052461 WO2019008304A2 (fr) | 2018-10-05 | 2018-10-05 | Bruleur et procede de combustion pour bruleur |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3861255A2 true EP3861255A2 (fr) | 2021-08-11 |
Family
ID=64109898
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18797010.8A Pending EP3861255A2 (fr) | 2018-10-05 | 2018-10-05 | Bruleur et procede de combustion pour bruleur |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210341142A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3861255A2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR102572047B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN112969890A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3115143A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2019008304A2 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3361535D1 (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1986-01-30 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Gas turbine combustion chamber and method of operating it |
DE3241162A1 (de) * | 1982-11-08 | 1984-05-10 | Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim | Vormischbrenner mit integriertem diffusionsbrenner |
US5263325A (en) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-11-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Low NOx combustion |
US5471840A (en) * | 1994-07-05 | 1995-12-05 | General Electric Company | Bluffbody flameholders for low emission gas turbine combustors |
US6446439B1 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2002-09-10 | Power Systems Mfg., Llc | Pre-mix nozzle and full ring fuel distribution system for a gas turbine combustor |
US6623267B1 (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2003-09-23 | Tibbs M. Golladay, Jr. | Industrial burner |
CN101737802B (zh) * | 2009-11-27 | 2012-12-26 | 北京航空航天大学 | 中心空腔稳火切向燃烧室 |
CN102214829B (zh) * | 2010-04-12 | 2014-06-11 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 燃烧喷嘴组件及具有该燃烧喷嘴组件的燃料重整器 |
US9506654B2 (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2016-11-29 | General Electric Company | System and method for reducing combustion dynamics in a combustor |
FR3004239B1 (fr) * | 2013-04-05 | 2020-10-23 | Fives Pillard | Bruleur gaz a premelange bas nox |
CA2950558C (fr) * | 2014-05-30 | 2020-10-20 | Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Chambre de combustion pour turbine a gaz |
CN105135432B (zh) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-07-11 | 上海华之邦科技股份有限公司 | 一种超低nox燃气燃烧器 |
CN205480976U (zh) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-08-17 | 北京泷涛环境科技有限公司 | 一种强旋流燃料分级超低氮气体燃烧器 |
JP6945468B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-06 | 2021-10-06 | 三菱パワー株式会社 | ガスタービン燃焼器、ガスタービン及びガスタービン燃焼器の制御方法 |
-
2018
- 2018-10-05 US US17/282,992 patent/US20210341142A1/en active Pending
- 2018-10-05 EP EP18797010.8A patent/EP3861255A2/fr active Pending
- 2018-10-05 KR KR1020217011322A patent/KR102572047B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2018-10-05 WO PCT/FR2018/052461 patent/WO2019008304A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2018-10-05 CA CA3115143A patent/CA3115143A1/fr active Pending
- 2018-10-05 CN CN201880099285.5A patent/CN112969890A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA3115143A1 (fr) | 2019-01-10 |
US20210341142A1 (en) | 2021-11-04 |
WO2019008304A2 (fr) | 2019-01-10 |
CN112969890A (zh) | 2021-06-15 |
KR20210100082A (ko) | 2021-08-13 |
KR102572047B1 (ko) | 2023-08-30 |
WO2019008304A3 (fr) | 2019-07-25 |
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