EP3857026B1 - Piston machine, modular construction system for a piston machine, and method for producing a piston machine - Google Patents
Piston machine, modular construction system for a piston machine, and method for producing a piston machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3857026B1 EP3857026B1 EP19779428.2A EP19779428A EP3857026B1 EP 3857026 B1 EP3857026 B1 EP 3857026B1 EP 19779428 A EP19779428 A EP 19779428A EP 3857026 B1 EP3857026 B1 EP 3857026B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- housing
- parts
- piston machine
- working chamber
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C9/00—Oscillating-piston machines or engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups
- F01B9/02—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with crankshaft
- F01B9/023—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts and not specific to preceding groups with crankshaft of Bourke-type or Scotch yoke
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C11/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type
- F01C11/002—Combinations of two or more machines or engines, each being of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type of similar working principle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
- F01C21/06—Heating; Cooling; Heat insulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
- F01C21/10—Outer members for co-operation with rotary pistons; Casings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C9/00—Oscillating-piston machines or engines
- F01C9/002—Oscillating-piston machines or engines the piston oscillating around a fixed axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C21/00—Oscillating-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C21/002—Oscillating-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids the piston oscillating around a fixed axis
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2240/00—Components
- F04C2240/30—Casings or housings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2240/00—Components
- F04C2240/70—Use of multiplicity of similar components; Modular construction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a piston engine with a multi-part housing, a modular system for a piston engine and a method for producing a piston engine using a modular system.
- Compressors are from the prior art, for example from DE 10 2010 036 977 B3 , DE 10 2014 208 939 A1 , DE 10 2008 040 574 B4 , DE 10 2014 214 435 A1 , WO 2015/173255 A1 , US5228414A1 and DE 199 01 110 A1 known.
- compressors for example, there are reciprocating, scroll, rotary tooth and screw compressors.
- compressors mentioned a distinction can also be made between oil-injected compressors and oil-free compressors. As a rule, each type of compressor must be specially designed and developed for the respective application.
- an oscillating-piston machine comprising: a piston, a housing with a working chamber with at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening, wherein the piston is pivotably mounted in the working chamber about a pivot axis and wherein the Piston is operatively connected to at least one rotatably mounted shaft; wherein the working chamber is formed by a plurality of housing parts as well as a housing cover and an end wall, wherein the housing parts have at least two separate side walls for delimiting the working chamber in the direction along the pivot axis, wherein at least two separate housing parts are arranged axially one behind the other with respect to the pivot axis
- two pistons are provided which form a common working chamber, the two pistons between a first position in which the pistons are arranged at a minimum distance from one another but without contact (preferably at operating temperature a gap between (preferably approximately) 1/100 and 5/100 mm), and a second position, in which the pistons are at a maximum distance from each other, are designed to be pivotable, the pistons in both positions being (preferably permanently) offset by 180° (full circle is 360°).
- This is advantageous because it enables low-vibration or vibration-free operation.
- two pistons are provided which form a common working chamber, the two pistons between a first position in which the pistons are arranged at a minimum distance from one another but without contact (preferably at operating temperature a gap between (preferably approximately) 1/100 and 5/100 mm), and a second position, in which the pistons are at a maximum distance from each other, are designed to be pivotable, the pistons being arranged offset by 180° in both positions (preferably permanently).
- At least one cooling opening, but preferably at least two cooling openings, is preferably provided in the common working chamber in such a way that the two cooling openings are open in the second position.
- the two cooling ports are closed in the first position.
- three pistons and three cooling openings assigned to the respective pistons are provided, with a first piston and a second piston being arranged in a first position at a minimal distance from one another but without contact (preferably at operating temperature a gap between (preferably approximately) 1/100 and 5/100 mm), while a third piston is located at a maximum distance from the second piston in the first position, the second piston and the third piston being in a second position at a minimum Distance to each other, but are arranged without contact (preferably at operating temperature have a gap between (preferably approximately) 1/100 and 5/100 mm), while the first piston is arranged in the second position at a maximum distance from the second piston.
- the cooling port associated with the first piston is closed in the first position while the cooling port associated with the second piston and the cooling port associated with the third piston are open, the cooling port associated with the third piston being closed in the second position while that of the second piston associated cooling opening and the cooling opening associated with the first piston are open.
- At least two separate side walls are constructed in the same way.
- at least all of the side walls are constructed in the same way.
- the at least one working chamber is delimited along the pivot axis of the piston by the end wall and the housing cover.
- the working chamber is delimited transversely to the pivot axis by a bearing shell, two separate side walls and a side wall in the shape of an arc of a circle.
- the side walls delimiting the working chamber transversely to the pivot axis are each formed by a multiplicity of structurally identical housing parts which are each arranged axially one behind the other.
- the at least two separate side walls are detachably connected to one another.
- the at least two separate side walls are arranged symmetrically to a plane that extends perpendicularly to the pivot plane and along the longitudinal axis of the at least one piston in a central position.
- all the housing parts are arranged symmetrically to a plane that extends perpendicularly to the pivot plane and along the longitudinal axis of the piston in a central position.
- “separately” means in particular that before the housing parts are assembled to form a housing, there are individual housing parts that can be assembled and/or connected to one another to form the housing of the piston machine.
- a piston engine in particular can be produced in a modular design.
- the separate housing parts can be produced with significantly less effort than a one-piece, complete housing, which is associated with a significant cost reduction.
- individual housing parts can be exchanged or combined if necessary, for example if one or more housing parts or piston parts (see below) are damaged during operation of the piston engine.
- the individual housing parts or piston parts can each be adapted or optimized without having to produce a completely new housing each time.
- a piston machine manufactured with the modular system according to claim 1 is therefore characterized by its modular design and can be assembled in the manner of a modular system. Overall, costs and effort for design, manufacture, storage, sales, maintenance and repair can be significantly reduced through the modular design of the piston machine.
- the piston can also have at least two separate piston parts.
- the piston can, for example, have piston parts that can be arranged axially one behind the other. Alternatively or additionally, the piston can also have a plurality of piston parts which can adjoin one another in the radial direction. The separate piston parts can be connected to one another.
- the piston can be attachable to a rotary cylinder.
- the rotary cylinder can also have a number of rotary cylinder disks which can be connected to one another in the axial direction.
- the "piston-rotary cylinder" system comprises a plurality of one-piece axial discs.
- a working or chamber volume of the piston machine can be varied without having to design or develop a completely new piston machine.
- a chamber or working volume of an existing piston engine can be increased or decreased as required without having to manufacture a new piston engine.
- a basic variant of the modular system can be defined by a specific size of the end wall and the housing cover.
- a large part of the market for piston machines can be covered with just one machine type with a relatively small number of basic variants of the modular system (e.g. 9 or less), while in the prior art several different machine types (e.g. piston, scroll, rotary tooth and screw compressor) and several hundred variants are required.
- the number of housing parts is preferably greater than the number of piston parts. Adjacent (permanently but detachably fixed) housing parts preferably contact each other directly. The respective contact surfaces of the housing parts are preferably (entirely) planar.
- the piston machine is preferably designed as an oscillating piston machine. More preferably, the piston machine is designed as the piston machine as an oscillating piston compressor.
- a pivot axis of the piston defines an axial direction below.
- the individual housing parts can be arranged axially one behind the other.
- the piston parts can be arranged axially one behind the other.
- the term "can be arranged axially one behind the other” means that the components can be arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the pivot axis.
- the term "can be arranged axially next to one another" means that the components have the same axial position in relation to the piston machine and are, for example, in the same pivoting plane, with the pivoting plane being spanned by a pivoting movement of the piston and being aligned perpendicularly to the pivoting axis.
- the (at least one) working chamber of the piston machine is delimited on the front side by a housing cover and on the rear side by an end wall in relation to the pivot axis of the piston. Furthermore, the (at least one) working chamber of the piston machine is delimited on the upper side by a wall in the shape of a circular arc and on the lower side by a bearing shell in relation to the pivot axis of the piston. The sides of the (at least one) working chamber extending between the housing cover and the end wall are delimited by opposite side walls.
- the preferred number of segments of said components is between 2 and 10, more preferably between 3 and 5.
- the number of segments of said components along one of the three directions is preferably the same in each case.
- each of the working chambers is delimited by at least two separate segments (at least one, preferably all) of the above-mentioned components, which are each arranged axially one behind the other.
- each of the working chambers is delimited by at least two separate segments (at least one, preferably all) of the above-mentioned components, which are each arranged horizontally one behind the other.
- each of the working chambers is delimited by at least two separate segments (at least one, preferably all) of the above-mentioned components, which are each arranged vertically one behind the other.
- this working chamber by at least two separate segments (at least one, preferably all) of the above components arranged axially one behind the other.
- this working chamber is delimited by at least two separate segments (at least one, preferably all) of the above-mentioned components, which are arranged horizontally one behind the other.
- this working chamber is delimited by at least two separate segments (at least one, preferably all) of the above-mentioned components, which are arranged vertically one behind the other.
- the housing of the piston engine manufactured using the modular system generally includes one or more or all of the housing parts mentioned above.
- the term "housing part" can be construed by one, several or all of the housing parts mentioned above.
- the separate housing cover is regarded as not belonging to the housing.
- individual or all housing parts can be made of metal, ceramic and/or plastic or a combination of the above.
- individual or all of the piston parts can be made of metal, ceramic or plastic, or a combination of metal and/or ceramic and/or plastic.
- the end wall and the housing cover can usually be aligned parallel to one another. If provided, the side walls can generally be arranged at an angle to one another corresponding to a pivoting angle of the piston.
- the arcuate wall, the at least one side wall and/or the bearing shell can typically be arranged axially between the housing cover and the end wall of the housing.
- At least one housing part can be arranged between the housing cover and the end wall. It can be provided that a single, one-piece housing part can be arranged between the housing cover and the end wall. This one-piece housing part can, for example, form the arcuate wall, one or two side walls and/or the bearing shell. In a further embodiment, at least two separate housing parts can be arranged between the housing cover and the end wall.
- the arcuate wall has at least two separate wall parts that can preferably be connected to one another.
- the wall parts of the wall in the form of a circular arc can be arranged axially one behind the other and/or axially next to one another.
- the bearing shell comprises at least two separate bearing shell parts that can preferably be connected to one another.
- the bearing shell parts can typically be arranged axially one behind the other.
- the at least one side wall comprises at least two separate side wall parts that can preferably be connected to one another.
- the side wall parts can be arranged axially one behind the other.
- the size of the piston machine can be varied in the axial direction.
- the housing parts and/or the piston parts can thus be arranged one behind the other in the manner of a disk.
- the housing parts and the piston parts can be referred to as housing disks and piston disks, respectively.
- the end wall of the housing and the housing cover can remain the same when the housing is axially expanded or reduced, for example if several piston parts are connected axially one behind the other.
- an equal number of wall parts, an equal number of bearing shell parts and an equal number of side wall parts can be connected axially one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the pivot axis of the piston.
- the piston machine manufactured with the modular system can have a single end wall, N piston parts, N wall parts of the arcuate wall, N bearing shell parts and/or N side wall parts, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to two.
- N can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or even more.
- a single housing cover can also be provided be.
- the end wall and/or the housing cover can also be made in several pieces.
- at least two of the above components (piston parts or housing parts) are structurally identical.
- the piston parts, the wall parts of the arcuate wall, the bearing shell parts and/or the side wall parts have the same or different dimensions in the axial direction.
- the modular system can therefore include different components with the same or different dimensions in the axial direction.
- the modular system can also include a one-part or multi-part transmission housing.
- the transmission housing can be arranged in contact with the front wall and can be connected to the front wall.
- the modular system has means for fixing, joining and/or fastening the housing parts and/or piston parts.
- the housing parts and/or the piston parts are connected to one another by means of a tongue and groove connection, pins, such as locating pins, retaining pins.
- the piston parts and/or housing parts can be welded, glued or soldered to one another.
- predetermined welding points, adhesive points or soldering points can be provided for the piston parts and/or housing parts.
- the means for fixing, joining and/or fastening the housing parts and/or piston parts are preferably designed as means for reversibly fixing or reversible joining or reversible fastening of the housing parts and/or piston parts. This is advantageous because a piston machine according to the invention can be modified (varied) particularly easily in terms of its design (e.g. size of the chambers).
- the housing parts and/or the piston parts are connected to one another in such a way that the housing parts (piston parts) are permanently but reversibly detachably connected to one another. This means that the connection can be released in a reversible manner in such a way that the housing parts (piston parts) and in particular their contact surfaces remain unchanged and can therefore be reused.
- the modular system comprises at least one further second piston designed as a pivoting element, which can be pivoted and can be arranged in the housing.
- the multi-piston engine are, for example, in EN 10 2010 036 977 B3 disclosed.
- the modular system or the housing of the piston machine can have a second arcuate wall and a second bearing shell, opposite the second arcuate wall, for supporting the second piston.
- the housing has its own working chamber for each piston, with at least two working chambers having different or the same dimensions/volumes and/or having different or the same functions.
- the functions of the working chambers can be, for example, compressors, pumps or motors. While one working chamber of the piston machine is designed as a compressor, another working chamber of the piston machine can work as a pump, for example.
- different compressor or pump stages can be provided by different working chambers in a single piston machine.
- the second wall in the shape of an arc of a circle and the bearing shell can be designed, for example, as a first chamber head part.
- the second bearing shell and the arcuate wall are designed as a second chamber head part.
- the first chamber head part and the second chamber head part can each have the same shape or each have a different shape.
- the chamber head part can comprise a plurality of integrally formed sections (discs) which are arranged axially one behind the other.
- the wall in the form of a circular arc, the bearing shell, the second wall in the form of a circular arc and the second bearing shell can each be designed as separate housing parts.
- the modular system can have a drive or output for the piston machine, which can be connected to the piston via a shaft, for example.
- a drive or output for the piston machine which can be connected to the piston via a shaft, for example.
- the present invention proposes a piston engine that is manufactured using the above modular system.
- the piston machine comprises at least one component which is replaced by an identically constructed one component is interchangeable. If it turns out that a component of the piston engine is damaged, this component can be replaced with an identical component using the modular system.
- the housing can have at least one cooling opening for convective cooling of the piston by means of a cooling fluid.
- the cooling opening can be provided at different points on the housing.
- the cooling hole is an opening, such as a gap, formed between two separate housing parts.
- the housing parts can be at least partially spaced apart from one another.
- the cooling opening can be formed by a gap between two wall parts or side wall parts that are spaced apart from one another.
- the cooling opening can also be formed by omitting certain housing parts, wall parts or side wall parts, eg by omitting one of the side walls or omitting both side walls.
- the cooling opening can also be provided in one of the housing parts mentioned.
- the cooling opening can be provided in the arcuate wall, in the front wall and/or in the at least one side wall. Alternatively or additionally, the cooling opening can also be provided in the housing cover or in the end wall.
- the cooling opening is typically different from any intake valves or exhaust valves. The person skilled in the art can obtain further details on possible cooling openings from the publication WO 2015/173255 A1 remove.
- the aforementioned piston machine can be used as a working machine in the form of a piston pump and a piston compressor or as a prime mover in the form of a compressed gas motor or hydraulic motor for converting the pressure generated in the working chamber into motion.
- the piston machine also allows a fundamentally oil-free mode of operation, which is particularly desirable for use as a vacuum pump, water pump or compressor.
- the piston machine according to the invention is preferably designed as an oil-free piston machine.
- Oil-free in the context of the present invention means that (all) the moving parts of the piston engine are oil-free.
- the piston engine it is possible for the piston engine to work with roller bearings lubricated for life without contact with the piston or running surfaces and in principle oil-free and without a sealing function.
- the pistons run in the chamber without contact.
- the chamber housing can be designed in multiple parts (several segments per component) at all points.
- the pistons can be designed in several parts laterally (horizontally) and vertically (complete modular system).
- the pistons it is possible for the pistons to work without running surfaces and also not to be guided by a curved piece.
- the pistons preferably work in a contact-free and oil-free manner.
- the piston machine is designed as a 2-stroke system with intake and compression (on each side of the pistons).
- the piston machine is designed to carry out two working strokes with a 360° rotation of the crankshaft.
- the present invention proposes a method for producing a piston machine.
- piston parts are arranged in the housing. Thereafter, the piston designed as a pivoting element, pivotable and arranged in the housing can be formed by the piston parts.
- the piston parts can also be assembled outside of the housing to form the piston. The piston can then be inserted into the housing.
- a modular system for producing a piston machine 100 comprises several separate housing parts that can be joined together to form a housing 1 of the piston machine 100, at least one designed as a pivoting element, pivotable and can be arranged in the housing 1 piston 15, and a housing cover 7 for covering the housing 1.
- piston machines 100 are described, which are manufactured with the modular system according to the invention.
- those from the publications DE 10 2010 036 977 B3 , DE 10 2014 214 435 A1 , DE 10 2008 040 574 B4 and WO 2015/173255 A1 known piston engines can be produced with the modular system of the present document.
- an oscillating-piston machine 100 which comprises a housing 1 and a transmission housing 4 .
- the housing 1 forms a working chamber 2 in which a piston 15 is arranged.
- the chamber 2 has a cross section in the shape of a sector of a circle and, corresponding to the shape of a cylinder sector, is defined by two side walls 5, 6 arranged at an angle ⁇ of approximately 50° to 60° to one another, an end wall 10, a housing cover 7 and a wall 8 and a rotary cylinder 9 is limited.
- a bearing shell 3 adjoins the ends of the side walls 5, 6 opposite the wall 8 in the form of a circular arc.
- the rotary cylinder 9 is arranged in the bearing shell 3 so that it can rotate about a pivot axis 14 .
- a piston 15 designed as a pivot plate is rigidly fastened to the rotary cylinder 9 or formed in one piece, so that the piston 15 can be pivoted about the pivot axis 14 by the pivot angle ⁇ .
- the piston 15, which is typically designed as a hollow body, is located in the working chamber 2 and has an upper edge 26 in sealing contact with an inner surface of the arched wall 8 in the shape of a circular arc.
- the upper edge 26 of the piston 15 is circular in cross-section.
- inlet valves 22, 24 and outlet valves 23, 25 are formed in both side walls 5, 6 of the chamber 2.
- a pivoting movement of the piston 15 defines a pivot plane, the end wall 10 and the housing cover 7 lying opposite the end wall 10 being aligned parallel to the pivot plane.
- Piston machine 100 shown can also be dispensed with.
- the transmission housing 4 is arranged parallel to the working chamber 2 and the piston 15 and parallel to the housing cover 7 and the end wall 10 .
- a pivoting lever 16 is arranged in the transmission housing 4 and has a guide groove or loop 17 extending over its length.
- the drive can also be designed differently.
- the figure 5 shows a view of a cross section of another piston machine 100, which was manufactured with the modular system.
- the piston engine 100 of figure 5 differs from that in the Figures 1-3 Piston engine 100 shown only in that the transmission housing 4 is not adjacent to the housing cover 7, but adjoins the bearing shell 3 in the radial direction.
- the gear housing 4 has an oil sump 12 for lubricating the crank gear, ie the loop 17 and the crank pin 18 sliding in this.
- the working chamber 2 is hermetically sealed with respect to the gear housing 4 by means of sealing strips 13 integrated in the bearing shell.
- the piston 15 and the pivoting lever 16 are rigidly fixed diametrically opposite one another.
- the 6 shows yet another embodiment of a piston machine 100 which is constructed with two working chambers 2 extending opposite from the rotary cylinder 9 and which was produced using the modular system.
- the double-piston pivoting plates 15, 15' which belong to each working chamber 2 and are driven synchronously in the respective other direction, are attached to the rotary cylinder 9 opposite one another.
- the connecting rod 16 is an integral part of the loop 17 (guide groove) formed piston 15 ', which has a correspondingly greater thickness and thus also a how 6 shows, correspondingly larger dimensions of the working chamber 2 'has.
- the drive can also be designed differently.
- the housing 1 and the piston 15, 15' of the piston machine 100 described above can be made of a wide variety of materials, such as a metal, a ceramic material or a plastic.
- the piston machines 100 described above can work as a piston pump or as a piston compressor as follows, but can also function as a compressed gas engine whose function is not described here: During the rotation of the crankshaft 19, the crank pin 18 slides in the loop 17 of the pivoting lever 16, which executes a pivoting movement and transmits this pivoting movement to the pistons 15, 15'.
- the left inlet valve 22 and the right outlet valve 25 are open, while the left outlet valve 23 and the right inlet valve 24 are closed.
- a previously sucked in fluid is thus expelled from the chamber 2 via the right-hand outlet valve 25 .
- a working fluid is drawn in via the left-hand inlet valve 22, which is expelled again as the piston pivots further with the left-hand inlet valve 22 closed and the left-hand outlet valve 23 open, while fluid is drawn in via the inlet valve 24 on the right-hand side.
- the piston 15 thus works as a double piston with two working surfaces 129 and 130.
- crank pin 18 of the crankshaft 19 to engage in a connecting rod eye of a pivoting lever which is articulated to the piston 15 .
- drives or outputs can also be used. The drive or output of the piston engine 100 is therefore not limited to the illustrated embodiments.
- the housing 1 of the piston machine 100 comprises at least two separate housing parts which are connected to one another.
- the side walls 5, 6, the bearing shell 3, the arcuate wall 8 and the end wall 10 form separate housing parts, which to the in the 1 Housing 1 shown are assembled.
- the arcuate wall 8, the side walls 5, 6 and the bearing shell 3 are each constructed in several parts.
- the arcuate wall 8 may have a plurality of wall parts 28, the side walls 5, 6 may each have a plurality of side wall parts 29 and the bearing shell 3 may have a plurality of Bearing shell parts 30 have.
- the number of wall parts 28, the number of side wall parts 29 and the number of bearing shell parts 30 are the same.
- the wall parts 28, side wall parts 29 and bearing shell parts 30 can be arranged in a disc-like manner one behind the other in the axial direction.
- the arcuate wall 8 has three separate wall parts 28, the side wall 5 comprises three separate side wall parts 29, the side wall 6 comprises three separate side wall parts (not shown) and the bearing shell 3 comprises three separate bearing shell parts 30 Figure 3a and 3b removable, the wall parts 28, the side wall parts 29 and the bearing shell parts 30 are each arranged along the pivot axis 14 in the axial direction. So there are 12 individual housing parts between the housing cover 7 and the end wall 10 .
- the housing 1 of the piston machine 100 therefore comprises three wall parts 28, six side wall parts 29 (three from each side wall 5 and 6), three bearing shell parts 30 and an end wall 10, so that the housing 1 is made up of 13 individual parts connected to one another.
- the number of housing parts used can vary in different embodiments and is in particular not limited to 13.
- housing 1 Due to the modular design of the housing 1, individual housing parts can be manufactured inexpensively and replaced if necessary. Furthermore, a volume of the housing 1, in particular a volume of the chamber 2, can be reduced or increased by omitting or adding housing parts.
- the piston 15 has at least two piston parts 20 connected to one another.
- the number of piston parts 20 is equal to the number of wall parts 28, the number of side wall parts 29 or the number of bearing shell parts 30, the number of piston parts 20 in the exemplary embodiment shown being the Figures 1-3 is three.
- the number of piston parts 20 can also be fewer or more than three.
- a volume of the chamber 2 can be changed by varying the number of piston parts 20 and/or housing parts.
- both the housing cover is formed by the segments 7, 7', 7", which extend vertically one behind the other.
- the wall in the form of a circular arc is arranged on the upper side, in which the valves 22, 23, 24 and 25 are embedded , each divided axially and horizontally into 3 segments.
- the (right) side wall is divided into 3 segments arranged axially and 3 vertically one behind the other, i.e. a total of 9 segments subdivided, with segments arranged vertically one behind the other being identified by the reference symbols 6, 6 ⁇ and 6''.
- FIG. 3c shows a side view of a piston engine according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
- the piston engine of the variant of the 3c essentially corresponds to the piston engine according to the embodiment variant Figures 1 to 3b .
- the piston engine of the variant includes the 3c several compressor stages 71, 71 'and 71 ", each with vertically differently extended separate side walls 6, 6 'and 6 "correspond, while the separate side walls 29 of the piston machine according to the variant of the Figures 1 to 3b are each (vertically) the same size.
- the vertical extent of the side walls 6, 6', 6" formed axially one behind the other. It is preferred that the vertical extent of the side walls 6, 6', 6" along the axis 14, preferably from the end wall 10 to the cover 7, decreased with each segment 6, 6', 6".
- FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of the piston 15 and the rotary cylinder 9 of FIG Figures 1 to 3 shown.
- the piston 15 has three piston parts 20 which are joined together to form the piston 15 .
- the rotary cylinder 9 has rotary cylinder parts 21 which are connected to the piston parts 20, respectively.
- the rotary cylinder parts 21 are disk-like attached to each other and together form the rotary cylinder 9.
- the pivot axis 14 is also indicated.
- the piston parts 20 and the rotary cylinder parts 21 are arranged axially one behind the other along the pivot axis 14 .
- each piston part 20 comprises a plurality of radial piston parts 31 which are arranged in the radial direction, the radial piston parts 31 being indicated by dashes in FIG Figure 3a are indicated.
- the housing parts, the piston parts 20 and the rotary cylinder parts 21 have means, such as pins, tongue and groove connections or the like, for joining, fastening and fixing the components.
- the piston parts 20 and/or housing parts can be glued, welded or soldered to one another.
- the piston parts 20, rotary cylinder parts 21 and/or housing parts can have predetermined welding points, adhesive points or soldering points.
- Piston machine 100 shown has at least one further piston 15" designed as a pivoting element, pivotable and arranged in the housing 1.
- the pistons 15 and 15" are driven synchronously and in parallel, opposite directions, and a pivot axis 14' of the piston 15" runs parallel to the pivot axis 14 of the piston 15.
- Figures 7-15 will eg on the publications DE 10 2010 036 977 B3 as well as WO 2015/173255 A1 Reference is made to the disclosure content of these publications being made part of the present application.
- Characteristics of the piston engines 100 of Figures 1-6 can with the characteristics of the piston machines of the Figures 7-15 be combined and vice versa.
- the housing 1 of the piston machines Figures 7-12 designed in several parts, ie the housing 1 comprises several housing parts connected to one another.
- the housing 1 can include, among other things, bearing shell 3', side wall 5', arcuate wall 8', rotary cylinder 9', Intake valve 22', exhaust valve 23', intake valve 24' and/or exhaust valve 25'.
- the arcuate wall 8 ′ and the bearing shell 3 are designed as the first chamber head part 60 . Furthermore, the wall 8 in the shape of a circular arc and the bearing shell 3' are designed as a second chamber head part.
- the chamber head parts 60, 62 comprise a plurality of one-piece discs, which are analogous to the wall parts 28, side wall parts 29 and bearing shell parts 30 of Figure 3a are arranged axially one behind the other. In this case, the number of axial disks of a chamber head part 60, 62 is exactly as large as the number of piston parts 20. As can be seen from the figures, the two chamber head parts 60, 62 can have the same shape.
- the piston 15′′ or the rotary cylinder 9′ can also be designed in multiple parts like the piston 15 or the rotary cylinder 9 ′ 4 and the corresponding description above.
- the piston engines 100 of Figures 9 to 12b have compared to the piston engine Figures 7-8 Cooling openings 70 in the housing 1 for convective cooling of the piston or the housing 1.
- the cooling hole 70 may be a gap in the case 1 extending in the axial direction. Housing parts can be spaced apart to form the cooling opening 70 or the gap. So includes in the 11 Piston machine shown chamber head parts 60 and 62 and spaced arcuate walls 8 'and 8, respectively, wherein the cooling openings 70 between chamber head part 62 and wall 8 or between chamber head part 60 and wall 8' are arranged.
- the in the figures 1 , 5 and 6 Piston machines 100 shown can optionally also have one or more cooling openings.
- the cooling hole can according to the embodiments of Figs. 9, 10 and 12b also be formed by omitting at least one of the side walls.
- the side walls 5 and 5' are omitted in order to form cooling openings 70 and to cool the pistons 15 and 15'' laterally.
- a working medium enters the working chamber via the inlet valve 24' and is expelled again via the outlet valve 25'.
- the pistons 15 and 15" move between a first position in which the pistons 15 and 15" are minimally but are spaced apart without contact and a second position in which the pistons 15, 15" are at a maximum distance from one another.
- the piston machine is designed in such a way that the pistons 15, 15" are always offset by 180° from one another.
- cooling holes 70 Further details on the cooling holes 70 are in the publication WO2015/173255 A1 described, the disclosure content of which is made part of the present document.
- FIGS 13 and 14 are two further examples of piston engines 100 with four pistons 15, 15', 15", 15 ⁇ ( Figure 3a ) or with three pistons 15, 15' ( 4 ) shown.
- the piston engine 100 of 13 is here a combination of the piston machines 100 of figures 6 and 7 .
- the piston engine 100 of 14 represents an extension of the piston engine 100 of 7 represent.
- By the piston engines 100 of Figures 13 and 14 several working chambers A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A11 can be created, each of which can work simultaneously as a pump, compressor, compressed gas engine and/or expansion engine.
- the pistons 15, 15', 15" and 15′′′ can have different lengths, whereby working chambers A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A11 with different sized volumes can be provided the piston machines can be operated as multi-stage compressors or multi-stage vacuum pumps, for example figures 13 and/or 14 each have different sizes in the axial direction.
- housing parts 64, 66, 68 can each have a plurality of disks in the axial direction, which are connected to one another.
- FIGS. 15a and 15b show a view of a cross-section of another piston engine with three pistons, three cooling openings and two chambers, each with different positions of the pistons 15, 15' and 15''.
- the piston engine 100 has three pistons 15, 15' and 15" which, together with the housing parts 66, 68 and the three cooling openings 70, form two working chambers A12 and A13.
- a first working step starting from the piston positions of Figure 15b the pistons 15 and 15' move towards one another in order to compress the working chamber A12 with the inlet valve 24 and the outlet valve 25.
- the piston 15" pivots, starting from the piston positions of Figure 15b away from the piston 15' (ie to the right outside), so that in a middle position ( Figure 15a ) the lower cooling opening 70 is briefly closed by the piston 15 'and the right cooling opening 70 and the left cooling opening 70 are also briefly closed by the pistons 15 and 15 ".
- the pistons 15 and 15' pivot further towards each other, so that they have a minimal Have distance from each other (end position opposite to the end position of the Figure 15b , not shown).
- the lower cooling opening 70 and the right (or left) cooling opening 70 are opened (end position of the Figure 15b or opposite end position - not shown).
- the working chamber A12 can be cooled particularly effectively during the compression of the working chamber A13 ( Figure 15b ) or vice versa, the working chamber A13 can be cooled particularly effectively during the compression of the working chamber A12 (not shown). Therefore, additional coolants (eg active cooling) can be dispensed with.
- piston engines disclosed above have been described according to one aspect of the invention as multi-part piston engines, i.e. the working chamber is formed by a plurality of housing parts. According to a further aspect of the invention, however, it is possible for all of the piston machines disclosed above to have a one-piece working chamber. These may not be able to be produced using the modular system explained above; however, these piston engines can achieve the other advantages disclosed in the application.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kolbenmaschine mit einem mehrteiligen Gehäuse, ein modulares Baukastensystem für eine Kolbenmaschine sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kolbenmaschine mittels eines Baukastensystems.The invention relates to a piston engine with a multi-part housing, a modular system for a piston engine and a method for producing a piston engine using a modular system.
Kompressoren sind aus dem Stand der Technik, beispielsweise aus
Es ist deshalb die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Gesamtkosten, wie z.B.It is therefore the object of the present invention to reduce the overall costs, e.g.
Fertigungskosten und Servicekosten, und den Fertigungsaufwand von Kompressoren, Pumpen und/oder Motoren zu senken.Manufacturing costs and service costs, and to reduce the manufacturing costs of compressors, pumps and / or motors.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Kolbenmaschine gemäß dem Hauptanspruch gelöst. Weiter wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zur Fertigung der Kolbenmaschine gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich mit den Merkmalen der Unteransprüche sowie der Ausführungsbeispiele.This problem is solved by the piston machine according to the main claim. The task is also solved by a method for manufacturing the piston engine. Advantageous developments result from the features of the dependent claims and the exemplary embodiments.
Gemäß einem Aspekt der Erfindung wird eine Schwingkolbenmaschine offenbart, umfassend: einen Kolben, ein Gehäuse mit einer Arbeitskammer mit mindestens einer Einlassöffnung und mindestens einer Auslassöffnung, wobei der Kolben in der Arbeitskammer um eine Schwenkachse schwenkbar gelagert ist und wobei der Kolben mit mindestens einer drehbar gelagerten Welle wirkverbunden ist; wobei die Arbeitskammer durch eine Vielzahl von Gehäuseteilen sowie einen Gehäusedeckel und eine Stirnwand gebildet ist, wobei die Gehäuseteile in der Richtung längs zur Schwenkachse mindestens zwei separate Seitenwände zur Begrenzung der Arbeitskammer aufweisen, wobei mindestens zwei separate Gehäuseteile in Bezug auf die Schwenkachse axial hintereinander angeordnet sindAccording to one aspect of the invention, an oscillating-piston machine is disclosed, comprising: a piston, a housing with a working chamber with at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening, wherein the piston is pivotably mounted in the working chamber about a pivot axis and wherein the Piston is operatively connected to at least one rotatably mounted shaft; wherein the working chamber is formed by a plurality of housing parts as well as a housing cover and an end wall, wherein the housing parts have at least two separate side walls for delimiting the working chamber in the direction along the pivot axis, wherein at least two separate housing parts are arranged axially one behind the other with respect to the pivot axis
Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante sind zwei Kolben vorgesehen, die eine gemeinsame Arbeitskammer ausbilden, wobei die zwei Kolben zwischen einer ersten Stellung, in der die Kolben in minimalem Abstand zueinander, jedoch berührungsfrei angeordnet sind (vorzugsweise bei Betriebstemperatur einen Spalt zwischen (bevorzugt zirka) 1/100 und 5/100 mm aufweisen), und einer zweiten Stellung, in der die Kolben maximal von einander entfernt sind, schwenkbar ausgebildet sind, wobei die Kolben in beiden Stellungen (vorzugsweise permanent) um 180° versetzt angeordnet sind (Vollkreis ist 360°). Dies ist vorteilhaft, da hierdurch ein schwingungsarmer bzw. schwingungsfreier Betrieb ermöglicht wird.According to one embodiment variant, two pistons are provided which form a common working chamber, the two pistons between a first position in which the pistons are arranged at a minimum distance from one another but without contact (preferably at operating temperature a gap between (preferably approximately) 1/100 and 5/100 mm), and a second position, in which the pistons are at a maximum distance from each other, are designed to be pivotable, the pistons in both positions being (preferably permanently) offset by 180° (full circle is 360°). This is advantageous because it enables low-vibration or vibration-free operation.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante sind zwei Kolben vorgesehen, die eine gemeinsame Arbeitskammer ausbilden, wobei die zwei Kolben zwischen einer ersten Stellung, in der die Kolben in minimalem Abstand zueinander, jedoch berührungsfrei angeordnet sind (vorzugsweise bei Betriebstemperatur einen Spalt zwischen (bevorzugt zirka) 1/100 und 5/100 mm aufweisen), und einer zweiten Stellung, in der die Kolben maximal von einander entfernt sind, schwenkbar ausgebildet sind, wobei die Kolben in beiden Stellungen (vorzugsweise permanent) um 180° versetzt angeordnet sind. Vorzugsweise ist in der gemeinsamen Arbeitskammer mindestens eine Kühlöffnung, bevorzugt jedoch mindestens zwei Kühlöffnungen derart vorgesehen, dass die zwei Kühlöffnungen in der zweiten Stellung geöffnet sind. Vorzugsweise sind die zwei Kühlöffnungen in der ersten Stellung geschlossen.According to one embodiment variant, two pistons are provided which form a common working chamber, the two pistons between a first position in which the pistons are arranged at a minimum distance from one another but without contact (preferably at operating temperature a gap between (preferably approximately) 1/100 and 5/100 mm), and a second position, in which the pistons are at a maximum distance from each other, are designed to be pivotable, the pistons being arranged offset by 180° in both positions (preferably permanently). At least one cooling opening, but preferably at least two cooling openings, is preferably provided in the common working chamber in such a way that the two cooling openings are open in the second position. Preferably, the two cooling ports are closed in the first position.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante sind drei Kolben und drei den jeweiligen Kolben zugeordnete Kühlöffnungen vorgesehen, wobei ein erster Kolben und ein zweiter Kolben in einer ersten Stellung in minimalem Abstand zueinander, jedoch berührungsfrei angeordnet sind (vorzugsweise bei Betriebstemperatur einen Spalt zwischen (bevorzugt zirka) 1/100 und 5/100 mm aufweisen), während ein dritter Kolben in der ersten Stellung maximal vom zweiten Kolben entfernt angeordnet ist, wobei der zweite Kolben und der dritte Kolben in einer zweiten Stellung in minimalem Abstand zueinander, jedoch berührungsfrei angeordnet sind (vorzugsweise bei Betriebstemperatur einen Spalt zwischen (bevorzugt zirka) 1/100 und 5/100 mm aufweisen), während der erste Kolben in der zweiten Stellung maximal vom zweiten Kolben entfernt angeordnet ist.According to one embodiment variant, three pistons and three cooling openings assigned to the respective pistons are provided, with a first piston and a second piston being arranged in a first position at a minimal distance from one another but without contact (preferably at operating temperature a gap between (preferably approximately) 1/100 and 5/100 mm), while a third piston is located at a maximum distance from the second piston in the first position, the second piston and the third piston being in a second position at a minimum Distance to each other, but are arranged without contact (preferably at operating temperature have a gap between (preferably approximately) 1/100 and 5/100 mm), while the first piston is arranged in the second position at a maximum distance from the second piston.
Vorzugsweise ist die dem ersten Kolben zugeordnete Kühlöffnung in der ersten Stellung geschlossen, während die dem zweiten Kolben zugeordnete Kühlöffnung und die dem dritten Kolben zugeordnete Kühlöffnung geöffnet sind, wobei die dem dritten Kolben zugeordnete Kühlöffnung in der zweiten Stellung geschlossen ist, während die dem zweiten Kolben zugeordnete Kühlöffnung und die dem ersten Kolben zugeordnete Kühlöffnung geöffnet sind.Preferably, the cooling port associated with the first piston is closed in the first position while the cooling port associated with the second piston and the cooling port associated with the third piston are open, the cooling port associated with the third piston being closed in the second position while that of the second piston associated cooling opening and the cooling opening associated with the first piston are open.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante sind mindestens zwei separate Seitenwände baugleich ausgebildet. Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante sind mindestens sämtliche Seitenwände baugleich ausgebildet.According to one embodiment variant, at least two separate side walls are constructed in the same way. According to one embodiment variant, at least all of the side walls are constructed in the same way.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante ist die mindestens eine Arbeitskammer entlang der Schwenkachse des Kolbens durch die Stirnwand und den Gehäusedeckel begrenzt.According to one embodiment variant, the at least one working chamber is delimited along the pivot axis of the piston by the end wall and the housing cover.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante ist die Arbeitskammer quer zur Schwenkachse durch eine Lagerschale, zwei separate Seitenwände sowie eine kreisbogenförmige Seitenwand begrenzt.According to one embodiment variant, the working chamber is delimited transversely to the pivot axis by a bearing shell, two separate side walls and a side wall in the shape of an arc of a circle.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante sind die die Arbeitskammer quer zur Schwenkachse begrenzenden Seitenwände jeweils durch eine Vielzahl baugleicher Gehäuseteile ausgebildet, die jeweils axial hintereinander angeordnet sind.According to one embodiment variant, the side walls delimiting the working chamber transversely to the pivot axis are each formed by a multiplicity of structurally identical housing parts which are each arranged axially one behind the other.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante sind die mindestens zwei separaten Seitenwände lösbar miteinander verbunden.According to one embodiment variant, the at least two separate side walls are detachably connected to one another.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante sind die mindestens zwei separaten Seitenwände symmetrisch zu einer Ebene angeordnet, die sich senkrecht zur Schwenkebene und entlang der Längsachse des mindestens einen Kolbens in einer Zentralstellung erstreckt.According to one embodiment variant, the at least two separate side walls are arranged symmetrically to a plane that extends perpendicularly to the pivot plane and along the longitudinal axis of the at least one piston in a central position.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante sind sämtliche Gehäuseteile symmetrisch zu einer Ebene angeordnet, die sich senkrecht zur Schwenkebene und entlang der Längsachse des Kolbens in einer Zentralstellung erstreckt.According to one embodiment variant, all the housing parts are arranged symmetrically to a plane that extends perpendicularly to the pivot plane and along the longitudinal axis of the piston in a central position.
Das Baukastensystem für eine Kolbenmaschine umfasst
- mindestens zwei separate, zu einem Gehäuse der Kolbenmaschine fügbare Gehäuseteile,
- einen als Schwenkelement ausgebildeten, schwenkbaren und in dem Gehäuse anordenbaren Kolben, und
- einen Gehäusedeckel zum Abdecken des Gehäuses.
- at least two separate housing parts that can be joined to form a housing of the piston engine,
- a piston designed as a pivoting element, pivotable and locatable in the housing, and
- a case cover for covering the case.
"Separat" heißt in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere, dass vor dem Zusammenbauen der Gehäuseteile zu einem Gehäuse einzelne Gehäuseteile vorliegen, die zum Bilden des Gehäuses der Kolbenmaschine zusammenfügbar und/oder miteinander verbindbar sind. Mit dem Baukastensystem kann also insbesondere eine Kolbenmaschine in modularer Bauweise hergestellt werden. Die separaten Gehäuseteile lassen sich mit erheblich weniger Aufwand herstellen, als ein einstückiges, komplettes Gehäuse, was mit einer erheblichen Kostensenkung einhergeht. Darüber hinaus können einzelne Gehäuseteile erforderlichenfalls ausgetauscht oder kombiniert werden, beispielsweise falls ein oder mehrere Gehäuseteile oder Kolbenteile (s. unten) im Betrieb der Kolbenmaschine beschädigt werden. Außerdem können bei der Konstruktion des Gehäuses die einzelnen Gehäuseteile oder Kolbenteile jeweils angepasst oder optimiert werden, ohne dass jedes Mal ein komplett neues Gehäuse angefertigt werden muss.In this context, “separately” means in particular that before the housing parts are assembled to form a housing, there are individual housing parts that can be assembled and/or connected to one another to form the housing of the piston machine. With the modular system, a piston engine in particular can be produced in a modular design. The separate housing parts can be produced with significantly less effort than a one-piece, complete housing, which is associated with a significant cost reduction. In addition, individual housing parts can be exchanged or combined if necessary, for example if one or more housing parts or piston parts (see below) are damaged during operation of the piston engine. In addition, when constructing the housing, the individual housing parts or piston parts can each be adapted or optimized without having to produce a completely new housing each time.
Eine mit dem Baukastensystem nach Anspruch 1 gefertigte Kolbenmaschine ist also gekennzeichnet durch ihren modularen Aufbau und kann nach Art eines Baukastens zusammengesetzt werden. Insgesamt können Kosten und Aufwand für Konstruktion, Fertigung, Lagerung, Vertrieb, Instandhaltung und Reparatur durch den modularen Aufbau der Kolbenmaschine erheblich gesenkt werden.A piston machine manufactured with the modular system according to
Der Kolben kann ebenfalls mindestens zwei separate Kolbenteile aufweisen. Der Kolben kann z.B. axial hintereinander anordenbare Kolbenteile aufweisen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Kolben auch mehrere Kolbenteile aufweisen, die sich in radialer Richtung aneinander anschließen können. Die separaten Kolbenteile können miteinander verbindbar sein. Der Kolben kann an einem Drehzylinder befestigbar sein. Der Drehzylinder kann ebenfalls mehrere Drehzylinderscheiben aufweisen, die in axialer Richtung aneinander schaltbar sind. In einer Ausführungsform umfasst das System "Kolben-Drehzylinder" mehrere einstückige axiale Scheiben.The piston can also have at least two separate piston parts. The piston can, for example, have piston parts that can be arranged axially one behind the other. Alternatively or additionally, the piston can also have a plurality of piston parts which can adjoin one another in the radial direction. The separate piston parts can be connected to one another. The piston can be attachable to a rotary cylinder. The rotary cylinder can also have a number of rotary cylinder disks which can be connected to one another in the axial direction. In one embodiment, the "piston-rotary cylinder" system comprises a plurality of one-piece axial discs.
Durch das Vorsehen mehrerer Kolbenteile und mehrerer Gehäuseteile, kann ein Arbeits- oder Kammervolumen der Kolbenmaschine variiert werden, ohne dass dafür eine komplett neue Kolbenmaschine konstruiert oder entwickelt werden muss. So kann ein Kammer- oder Arbeitsvolumen einer existierenden Kolbenmaschine bei Bedarf vergrößert oder verkleinert werden, ohne dass eine neue Kolbenmaschine angefertigt werden muss.By providing several piston parts and several housing parts, a working or chamber volume of the piston machine can be varied without having to design or develop a completely new piston machine. In this way, a chamber or working volume of an existing piston engine can be increased or decreased as required without having to manufacture a new piston engine.
Eine Basisvariante des Baukastensystems kann durch eine bestimmte Größe der Stirnwand und des Gehäusedeckels festgelegt sein. Durch Variation der Anzahl der Gehäuseteile und Kolbenteile zwischen Stirnwand und Gehäusedeckel kann mit einer relativ geringen Anzahl von Basisvarianten des Baukastensystems (z.B. 9 oder weniger) ein großer Teil des Marktes für Kolbenmaschinen mit nur einem Maschinentyp abgedeckt werden, während im Stand der Technik mehrere verschiedenartige Maschinentypen (z.B. Kolben-, Scroll-, Drehzahn- und Schraubenkompressor) und mehrere hundert Varianten benötigt werden.A basic variant of the modular system can be defined by a specific size of the end wall and the housing cover. By varying the number of housing parts and piston parts between the end wall and the housing cover, a large part of the market for piston machines can be covered with just one machine type with a relatively small number of basic variants of the modular system (e.g. 9 or less), while in the prior art several different machine types (e.g. piston, scroll, rotary tooth and screw compressor) and several hundred variants are required.
Vorzugsweise ist die Anzahl der Gehäuseteile größer als die Anzahl der Kolbenteile. Vorzugsweise kontaktieren jeweils benachbarte (dauerhaft, jedoch lösbar fixierte) Gehäuseteile einander direkt. Vorzugsweise sind die jeweiligen Kontaktflächen der Gehäuseteile (vollständig) planar ausgebildet.The number of housing parts is preferably greater than the number of piston parts. Adjacent (permanently but detachably fixed) housing parts preferably contact each other directly. The respective contact surfaces of the housing parts are preferably (entirely) planar.
Vorzugsweise ist die Kolbenmaschine als Schwingkolbenmaschine ausgebildet ist. Weiter bevorzugt ist die Kolbenmaschine als die Kolbenmaschine als Schwingkolbenkompressor ausgebildet.The piston machine is preferably designed as an oscillating piston machine. More preferably, the piston machine is designed as the piston machine as an oscillating piston compressor.
Eine Schwenkachse des Kolbens definiert im Folgenden eine axiale Richtung. In einer Ausgestaltung sind die einzelnen Gehäuseteile axial hintereinander anordenbar. Zusätzlich oder alternativ können die Kolbenteile axial hintereinander anordenbar sein. Der Begriff "axial hintereinander anordenbar" heißt in diesem Zusammenhang, dass die Bauteile in Längsrichtung der Schwenkachse hintereinander anordenbar sind. Der Begriff "axial nebeneinander anordenbar" soll heißen, dass die Bauteile zu der Kolbenmaschine eine gleiche axiale Position haben und beispielsweise in einer gleichen Schwenkebene liegen, wobei die Schwenkebene durch eine Schwenkbewegung des Kolbens aufgespannt wird und senkrecht zur Schwenkachse ausgerichtet ist.A pivot axis of the piston defines an axial direction below. In one embodiment, the individual housing parts can be arranged axially one behind the other. Additionally or alternatively, the piston parts can be arranged axially one behind the other. In this context, the term "can be arranged axially one behind the other" means that the components can be arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the pivot axis. The term "can be arranged axially next to one another" means that the components have the same axial position in relation to the piston machine and are, for example, in the same pivoting plane, with the pivoting plane being spanned by a pivoting movement of the piston and being aligned perpendicularly to the pivoting axis.
Das Baukastensystem umfasst üblicherweise eins oder mehrere oder sämtliche der folgenden Gehäuseteile:
- eine dem Gehäusedeckel gegenüberliegende Stirnwand,
- eine kreisbogenförmige Wand,
- eine der kreisbogenförmigen Wand gegenüberliegende erste Lagerschale zur Lagerung des Kolbens und/oder
- mindestens eine Seitenwand, die einen Schwenkwinkel des Kolbens begrenzt, beispielsweise zwei einander gegenüberliegende Seitenwände, die den Schwenkwinkel des Kolbens begrenzen.
- an end wall opposite the housing cover,
- an arcuate wall,
- a first bearing shell, opposite the wall in the form of a circular arc, for supporting the piston and/or
- at least one side wall which limits a pivoting angle of the piston, for example two opposite side walls which limit the pivoting angle of the piston.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist es bevorzugt, dass die (mindestens eine) Arbeitskammer der Kolbenmaschine bezogen auf die Schwenkachse des Kolbens an einer Vorderseite durch einen Gehäusedeckel und an der Rückseite durch eine Stirnwand begrenzt ist. Weiterhin ist die (mindestens eine) Arbeitskammer der Kolbenmaschine bezogen auf die Schwenkachse des Kolbens an einer Oberseite durch eine kreisbogenförmige Wand und an einer Unterseite durch eine Lagerschale begrenzt. Die sich zwischen Gehäusedeckel und Stirnwand erstreckenden Seiten der (mindestens einen) Arbeitskammer sind durch sich gegenüberliegende Seitenwände begrenzt.According to the invention, it is preferred that the (at least one) working chamber of the piston machine is delimited on the front side by a housing cover and on the rear side by an end wall in relation to the pivot axis of the piston. Furthermore, the (at least one) working chamber of the piston machine is delimited on the upper side by a wall in the shape of a circular arc and on the lower side by a bearing shell in relation to the pivot axis of the piston. The sides of the (at least one) working chamber extending between the housing cover and the end wall are delimited by opposite side walls.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist es bevorzugt, dass eins oder mehrere oder sämtliche der folgenden Gehäuseteile:
- Gehäusedeckel
- Stirnwand,
- kreisbogenförmige Wand,
- Lagerschale und/oder
- mindestens eine Seitenwand,
- housing cover
- bulkhead,
- circular wall,
- Bearing shell and/or
- at least one side wall,
Im Falle von Gehäusedeckel und Stirnwand bedeutet dies, dass sich jeweils mehrere Segmente dieser Komponenten entlang einer vertikalen Richtung zwischen Lagerschale und kreisbogenförmiger Wand und/oder entlang einer horizontalen Richtung zwischen erster (linker) Seitenwand und zweiter (rechter) Seitenwand erstrecken.In the case of the housing cover and end wall, this means that several segments of these components are located between each other along a vertical direction Bearing shell and arcuate wall and / or extend along a horizontal direction between the first (left) side wall and second (right) side wall.
Im Falle von Lagerschale und kreisbogenförmiger Wand bedeutet dies, dass sich jeweils mehrere Segmente dieser Komponenten entlang einer axialen Richtung entlang der Schwenkachse und/oder entlang einer horizontalen Richtung zwischen erster (linker) Seitenwand und zweiter (rechter) Seitenwand erstrecken.In the case of a bearing shell and a wall in the shape of a circular arc, this means that several segments of these components each extend along an axial direction along the pivot axis and/or along a horizontal direction between the first (left) side wall and the second (right) side wall.
Im Falle der Seitenwände bedeutet dies, dass sich jeweils mehrere Segmente dieser Komponenten entlang einer axialen Richtung entlang der Schwenkachse und/oder entlang einer vertikalen Richtung zwischen Lagerschale und kreisbogenförmiger Wand erstrecken.In the case of the side walls, this means that several segments of these components each extend along an axial direction along the pivot axis and/or along a vertical direction between the bearing shell and the wall in the shape of a circular arc.
Die bevorzugte Anzahl der Segmente der genannten Komponenten beträgt zwischen 2 und 10, bevorzugter zwischen 3 und 5.The preferred number of segments of said components is between 2 and 10, more preferably between 3 and 5.
Die Anzahl der Segmente der genannten Komponenten entlang einer der drei Richtungen (axial, vertikal, horizontal) ist vorzugsweise jeweils gleich.The number of segments of said components along one of the three directions (axial, vertical, horizontal) is preferably the same in each case.
Im Fall, dass die Kolbenmaschine mehrere Arbeitskammern aufweist, ist es erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt, dass jede der Arbeitskammern durch mindestens zwei separate Segmente (mindestens einer, bevorzugt aller) der oben genannten Komponenten begrenzt wird, die jeweils axial hintereinander angeordnet sind.If the piston machine has several working chambers, it is preferred according to the invention that each of the working chambers is delimited by at least two separate segments (at least one, preferably all) of the above-mentioned components, which are each arranged axially one behind the other.
Im Fall, dass die Kolbenmaschine mehrere Arbeitskammern aufweist, ist es erfindungsgemäß zusätzlich oder alternativ bevorzugt, dass jede der Arbeitskammern durch mindestens zwei separate Segmente (mindestens einer, bevorzugt aller) der oben genannten Komponenten begrenzt wird, die jeweils horizontal hintereinander angeordnet sind.If the piston machine has several working chambers, it is additionally or alternatively preferred according to the invention that each of the working chambers is delimited by at least two separate segments (at least one, preferably all) of the above-mentioned components, which are each arranged horizontally one behind the other.
Im Fall, dass die Kolbenmaschine mehrere Arbeitskammern aufweist, ist es erfindungsgemäß zusätzlich oder alternativ bevorzugt, dass jede der Arbeitskammern durch mindestens zwei separate Segmente (mindestens einer, bevorzugt aller) der oben genannten Komponenten begrenzt wird, die jeweils vertikal hintereinander angeordnet sind.If the piston machine has several working chambers, it is additionally or alternatively preferred according to the invention that each of the working chambers is delimited by at least two separate segments (at least one, preferably all) of the above-mentioned components, which are each arranged vertically one behind the other.
Im Fall, dass die Kolbenmaschine genau eine Arbeitskammer aufweist, ist es erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt, dass diese Arbeitskammer durch mindestens zwei separate Segmente (mindestens einer, bevorzugt aller) der oben genannten Komponenten begrenzt wird, die axial hintereinander angeordnet sind.In the event that the piston engine has exactly one working chamber, it is preferred according to the invention that this working chamber by at least two separate segments (at least one, preferably all) of the above components arranged axially one behind the other.
Im Fall, dass die Kolbenmaschine genau eine Arbeitskammer aufweist, ist es erfindungsgemäß zusätzlich oder alternativ bevorzugt, dass diese Arbeitskammer durch mindestens zwei separate Segmente (mindestens einer, bevorzugt aller) der oben genannten Komponenten begrenzt wird, die horizontal hintereinander angeordnet sind.If the piston machine has exactly one working chamber, it is additionally or alternatively preferred according to the invention that this working chamber is delimited by at least two separate segments (at least one, preferably all) of the above-mentioned components, which are arranged horizontally one behind the other.
Im Fall, dass die Kolbenmaschine genau eine Arbeitskammer aufweist, ist es erfindungsgemäß zusätzlich oder alternativ bevorzugt, dass diese Arbeitskammer durch mindestens zwei separate Segmente (mindestens einer, bevorzugt aller) der oben genannten Komponenten begrenzt wird, die vertikal hintereinander angeordnet sind.If the piston machine has exactly one working chamber, it is additionally or alternatively preferred according to the invention that this working chamber is delimited by at least two separate segments (at least one, preferably all) of the above-mentioned components, which are arranged vertically one behind the other.
Mindestens zwei der oben genannten separaten Gehäuseteile können miteinander verbindbar sein. Nach Fügen der Gehäuseteile umfasst das mit dem Baukastensystem gefertigte Gehäuse der Kolbenmaschine in der Regel eins oder mehrere oder sämtliche der vorstehend genannten Gehäuseteile. In der vorliegenden Schrift kann der Begriff "Gehäuseteil" durch eins, mehrere oder sämtliche der oben genannten Gehäuseteile aufgefasst werden. Der separate Gehäusedeckel wird in der vorliegenden Schrift als nicht zum Gehäuse gehörend angesehen.At least two of the separate housing parts mentioned above can be connected to one another. After the housing parts have been joined, the housing of the piston engine manufactured using the modular system generally includes one or more or all of the housing parts mentioned above. In the present document, the term "housing part" can be construed by one, several or all of the housing parts mentioned above. In the present document, the separate housing cover is regarded as not belonging to the housing.
Je nach Anwendungsfall können einzelne oder sämtliche Gehäuseteile aus einem Metall, einer Keramik und/oder einem Kunststoff oder einer Kombination der vorgenannten gefertigt sein. Je nach Anwendung der Kolbenmaschine können einzelne oder sämtliche Kolbenteile aus einem Metall, einer Keramik oder einem Kunststoff oder einer Kombination aus Metall und/oder Keramik und/oder Kunststoff gefertigt sein.Depending on the application, individual or all housing parts can be made of metal, ceramic and/or plastic or a combination of the above. Depending on the application of the piston engine, individual or all of the piston parts can be made of metal, ceramic or plastic, or a combination of metal and/or ceramic and/or plastic.
Üblicherweise sind die Stirnwand und der Gehäusedeckel parallel zueinander ausrichtbar. Die Seitenwände sind, falls vorgesehen, in der Regel entsprechend einem Schwenkwinkel des Kolbens winklig zueinander anordenbar.The end wall and the housing cover can usually be aligned parallel to one another. If provided, the side walls can generally be arranged at an angle to one another corresponding to a pivoting angle of the piston.
Die kreisbogenförmige Wand, die mindestens eine Seitenwand und/oder die Lagerschale sind typischerweise axial zwischen dem Gehäusedeckel und der Stirnwand des Gehäuses anordenbar.The arcuate wall, the at least one side wall and/or the bearing shell can typically be arranged axially between the housing cover and the end wall of the housing.
In einer Ausführungsform ist zwischen dem Gehäusedeckel und der Stirnwand mindestens ein Gehäuseteil anordenbar. Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass ein einziges, einstückiges Gehäuseteil zwischen dem Gehäusedeckel und der Stirnwand anordenbar ist. Dieses einstückige Gehäuseteil kann z.B. die kreisbogenförmige Wand, eine oder zwei Seitenwände und/oder die Lagerschale bilden. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind zwischen dem Gehäusedeckel und der Stirnwand mindestens zwei separate Gehäuseteile anordenbar.In one embodiment, at least one housing part can be arranged between the housing cover and the end wall. It can be provided that a single, one-piece housing part can be arranged between the housing cover and the end wall. This one-piece housing part can, for example, form the arcuate wall, one or two side walls and/or the bearing shell. In a further embodiment, at least two separate housing parts can be arranged between the housing cover and the end wall.
Beispielsweise weist die kreisbogenförmige Wand mindestens zwei separate, vorzugsweise miteinander verbindbare Wandteile auf. Die Wandteile der kreisbogenförmigen Wand können axial hintereinander und/oder axial nebeneinander anordenbar sein.For example, the arcuate wall has at least two separate wall parts that can preferably be connected to one another. The wall parts of the wall in the form of a circular arc can be arranged axially one behind the other and/or axially next to one another.
Optional umfasst die Lagerschale mindestens zwei separate, vorzugsweise miteinander verbindbare Lagerschalenteile. Die Lagerschalenteile sind typischerweise axial hintereinander anordenbar.Optionally, the bearing shell comprises at least two separate bearing shell parts that can preferably be connected to one another. The bearing shell parts can typically be arranged axially one behind the other.
In einer Variante umfasst die mindestens eine Seitenwand mindestens zwei separate, vorzugsweise miteinander verbindbare Seitenwandteile. Die Seitenwandteile können axial hintereinander anordenbar sein.In one variant, the at least one side wall comprises at least two separate side wall parts that can preferably be connected to one another. The side wall parts can be arranged axially one behind the other.
Falls mehrere der vorstehend genannten Bauteile axial hintereinander angeordnet werden, kann eine Größe der Kolbenmaschine in axialer Richtung variiert werden. Die Gehäuseteile und/oder die Kolbenteile können also scheibenartig hintereinander angeordnet werden. In diesem Fall können die Gehäuseteile und die Kolbenteile als Gehäusescheiben bzw. Kolbenscheiben bezeichnet werden. Die Stirnwand des Gehäuses und der Gehäusedeckel können bei axialer Erweiterung oder Verkleinerung des Gehäuses gleich bleiben, beispielsweise wenn mehrere Kolbenteile axial hintereinander geschaltet werden. In diesem Fall können eine gleiche Anzahl von Wandteilen, eine gleiche Anzahl von Lagerschalenteilen und eine gleiche Anzahl von Seitenwandteilen in Längsrichtung der Schwenkachse des Kolbens axial hintereinander geschaltet werden.If several of the components mentioned above are arranged axially one behind the other, the size of the piston machine can be varied in the axial direction. The housing parts and/or the piston parts can thus be arranged one behind the other in the manner of a disk. In this case, the housing parts and the piston parts can be referred to as housing disks and piston disks, respectively. The end wall of the housing and the housing cover can remain the same when the housing is axially expanded or reduced, for example if several piston parts are connected axially one behind the other. In this case, an equal number of wall parts, an equal number of bearing shell parts and an equal number of side wall parts can be connected axially one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the pivot axis of the piston.
In dieser Weise kann die mit dem Baukastensystem gefertigte Kolbenmaschine also eine einzige Stirnwand, N Kolbenteile, N Wandteile der kreisbogenförmigen Wand, N Lagerschalenteile und/oder N Seitenwandteile aufweisen, wobei N eine positive, ganze Zahl größer oder gleich zwei ist. N kann beispielsweise gleich 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 oder sogar mehr sein. Weiter kann ein einziger Gehäusedeckel vorgesehen sein. Die Stirnwand und/oder der Gehäusedeckel können auch mehrstückig ausgebildet sein. In einer Ausführungsform sind mindestens zwei der oben genannten Bauteile (Kolbenteile oder Gehäuseteile) baugleich. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weisen die Kolbenteile, die Wandteile der kreisbogenförmigen Wand, die Lagerschalenteile und/oder die Seitenwandteile gleiche oder unterschiedliche Abmessungen in axialer Richtung auf. Das Baukastensystem kann also verschiedene Bauteile gleicher oder unterschiedlicher Abmessungen in axialer Richtung umfassen.In this way, the piston machine manufactured with the modular system can have a single end wall, N piston parts, N wall parts of the arcuate wall, N bearing shell parts and/or N side wall parts, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to two. For example, N can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or even more. A single housing cover can also be provided be. The end wall and/or the housing cover can also be made in several pieces. In one embodiment, at least two of the above components (piston parts or housing parts) are structurally identical. In a further embodiment, the piston parts, the wall parts of the arcuate wall, the bearing shell parts and/or the side wall parts have the same or different dimensions in the axial direction. The modular system can therefore include different components with the same or different dimensions in the axial direction.
Das Baukastensystem kann weiter ein einteiliges oder mehrteiliges Getriebegehäuse umfassen. Das Getriebegehäuse kann in einer Ausgestaltung an die Stirnwand anliegend angeordnet werden und mit der Stirnwand verbunden werden.The modular system can also include a one-part or multi-part transmission housing. In one embodiment, the transmission housing can be arranged in contact with the front wall and can be connected to the front wall.
In einer Ausführungsform weist das Baukastensystem Mittel zum Fixieren, Fügen und/oder Befestigen der Gehäuseteile und/oder Kolbenteile auf. Beispielsweise sind die Gehäuseteile und/oder die Kolbenteile mittels einer Feder-Nut-Verbindung, Stiften, wie z.B. Fixierstiften, Haltestiften, miteinander verbunden. Zusätzlich oder alternativ zu den genannten Verbindungsmethoden können die Kolbenteile und/oder Gehäuseteile miteinander verschweißt, verklebt oder verlötet sein. Hierfür können für die Kolbenteile und/oder Gehäuseteile vorbestimmte Schweißstellen, Klebstellen oder Lötstellen vorgesehen sein. Vorzugsweise sind die Mittel zum Fixieren, Fügen und/oder Befestigen der Gehäuseteile und/oder Kolbenteile als Mittel zum reversiblen Fixieren bzw. reversiblen Fügen bzw. reversiblen Befestigen der Gehäuseteile und/oder Kolbenteile ausgebildet. Dies ist vorteilhaft, da eine erfindungsgemäße Kolbenmaschine in ihrer Bauart (z.B. Größe der Kammern) besonders einfach umgerüstet (variiert) werden kann.In one embodiment, the modular system has means for fixing, joining and/or fastening the housing parts and/or piston parts. For example, the housing parts and/or the piston parts are connected to one another by means of a tongue and groove connection, pins, such as locating pins, retaining pins. In addition or as an alternative to the connection methods mentioned, the piston parts and/or housing parts can be welded, glued or soldered to one another. For this purpose, predetermined welding points, adhesive points or soldering points can be provided for the piston parts and/or housing parts. The means for fixing, joining and/or fastening the housing parts and/or piston parts are preferably designed as means for reversibly fixing or reversible joining or reversible fastening of the housing parts and/or piston parts. This is advantageous because a piston machine according to the invention can be modified (varied) particularly easily in terms of its design (e.g. size of the chambers).
Es ist besonders bevorzugt, dass (alle) die Gehäuseteile und/oder die Kolbenteile derart miteinander verbunden sind, dass die Gehäuseteile (Kolbenteile) dauerhaft, jedoch reversible lösbar miteinander verbunden sind. Dies bedeutet, dass das Auflösen der Verbindung derart reversible möglich ist, dass die Gehäuseteile (Kolbenteile) und insbesondere deren Kontaktflächen unverändert erhalten bleiben und daher wiederverwendet werden können.It is particularly preferred that (all) the housing parts and/or the piston parts are connected to one another in such a way that the housing parts (piston parts) are permanently but reversibly detachably connected to one another. This means that the connection can be released in a reversible manner in such a way that the housing parts (piston parts) and in particular their contact surfaces remain unchanged and can therefore be reused.
In einer Ausgestaltung umfasst das Baukastensystem mindestens einen weiteren als Schwenkelement ausgebildeten, schwenkbaren und im Gehäuse anordenbaren zweiten Kolben. Einzelheiten zur mehrkolbigen Kolbenmaschine sind z.B. in der
Durch den modularen Aufbau der Kolbenmaschine können verschiedenartige Arbeitskammern innerhalb einer einzigen Kolbenmaschine konzipiert werden. In einer Ausführungsform weist das Gehäuse für jeden Kolben eine eigene Arbeitskammer auf, wobei mindestens zwei Arbeitskammern unterschiedliche oder gleiche Abmessungen/Volumina haben und/oder unterschiedliche oder gleiche Funktionen haben. Hierbei kommen als Funktionen der Arbeitskammern z.B. Verdichter, Pumpe oder Motor in Frage. Während eine Arbeitskammer der Kolbenmaschine also als Verdichter ausgestaltet ist, kann eine andere Arbeitskammer der Kolbenmaschine z.B. als Pumpe arbeiten. Weiter können durch verschiedene Arbeitskammern in einer einzigen Kolbenmaschine verschiedene Verdichter- oder Pumpenstufen bereitgestellt werden.Due to the modular design of the piston machine, different types of working chambers can be designed within a single piston machine. In one embodiment, the housing has its own working chamber for each piston, with at least two working chambers having different or the same dimensions/volumes and/or having different or the same functions. The functions of the working chambers can be, for example, compressors, pumps or motors. While one working chamber of the piston machine is designed as a compressor, another working chamber of the piston machine can work as a pump, for example. Furthermore, different compressor or pump stages can be provided by different working chambers in a single piston machine.
Die zweite kreisbogenförmige Wand und die Lagerschale können z.B. als erstes Kammerkopfteil ausgebildet sein. Optional sind die zweite Lagerschale und die kreisbogenförmige Wand als zweites Kammerkopfteil ausgebildet. Das erste Kammerkopfteil und das zweite Kammerkopfteil können jeweils eine gleiche Form oder jeweils eine unterschiedliche Form aufweisen. Das Kammerkopfteil kann mehrere einstückig geformte Teilstücke (Scheiben) umfassen, die axial hintereinander angeordnet sind.The second wall in the shape of an arc of a circle and the bearing shell can be designed, for example, as a first chamber head part. Optionally, the second bearing shell and the arcuate wall are designed as a second chamber head part. The first chamber head part and the second chamber head part can each have the same shape or each have a different shape. The chamber head part can comprise a plurality of integrally formed sections (discs) which are arranged axially one behind the other.
Alternativ können die kreisbogenförmige Wand, die Lagerschale, die zweite kreisbogenförmige Wand und die zweite Lagerschale jeweils als separate Gehäuseteile ausgebildet sein.Alternatively, the wall in the form of a circular arc, the bearing shell, the second wall in the form of a circular arc and the second bearing shell can each be designed as separate housing parts.
Das Baukastensystem kann einen Antrieb oder Abtrieb für die Kolbenmaschine aufweisen, welcher z.B. über eine Welle mit dem Kolben verbindbar sein kann. Einem Fachmann ist geläufig, dass es viele Möglichkeiten für die Konstruktion des Antriebs oder des Abtriebs gibt. Die Erfindung ist daher nicht auf einen bestimmten Antrieb oder Abtrieb beschränkt.The modular system can have a drive or output for the piston machine, which can be connected to the piston via a shaft, for example. A person skilled in the art is aware that there are many possibilities for the design of the input or the output. The invention is therefore not limited to a specific drive or output.
Außerdem wird mit der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Kolbenmaschine vorgeschlagen, die mit dem vorstehenden Baukastensystem hergestellt ist. Die Kolbenmaschine umfasst in einer Ausführungsform mindestens ein Bauteil, das durch ein baugleiches Bauteil austauschbar ist. Falls sich also herausstellt, dass ein Bauteil der Kolbenmaschine beschädigt ist, kann dieses Bauteil mithilfe des Baukastensystems gegen ein baugleiches Bauteil ausgetauscht werden.In addition, the present invention proposes a piston engine that is manufactured using the above modular system. In one embodiment, the piston machine comprises at least one component which is replaced by an identically constructed one component is interchangeable. If it turns out that a component of the piston engine is damaged, this component can be replaced with an identical component using the modular system.
Das Gehäuse kann zur konvektiven Kühlung des Kolbens mittels eines Kühlfluids mindestens eine Kühlöffnung aufweisen. Je nach Anwendung oder Bedarf kann die Kühlöffnung an verschiedenen Stellen des Gehäuses vorgesehen sein. In einer Ausführungsform ist die Kühlöffnung eine Öffnung, wie ein Spalt, die zwischen zwei separaten Gehäuseteilen gebildet ist. Zur Bildung der Kühlöffnung können die Gehäuseteile zumindest teilweise voneinander beabstandet sein. So kann die Kühlöffnung z.B. durch einen Spalt zwischen zwei voneinander beabstandeten Wandteilen oder Seitenwandteilen gebildet sein. Die Kühlöffnung kann auch durch weglassen bestimmter Gehäuseteile, Wandteile oder Seitenwandteile gebildet sein, z.B. durch Weglassen einer der Seitenwände oder Weglassen beider Seitenwände. Die Kühlöffnung kann alternativ oder zusätzlich auch in einem der genannten Gehäuseteile vorgesehen sein. In diesem Fall käme z.B. eine Bohrung in dem entsprechenden Gehäuseteil in Betracht. Beispielsweise kann die Kühlöffnung in der kreisbogenförmigen Wand, in der Stirnwand und/oder in der mindestens einen Seitenwand vorgesehen sein. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Kühlöffnung auch in dem Gehäusedeckel oder in der Stirnwand vorgesehen sein. Die Kühlöffnung unterscheidet sich typischerweise von etwaigen Einlassventilen oder Auslassventilen. Weitere Einzelheiten zu möglichen Kühlöffnungen kann der Fachmann der Veröffentlichung
Die vorstehend genannte Kolbenmaschine kann als Arbeitsmaschine in Form einer Kolbenpumpe und eines Kolbenverdichters oder als Kraftmaschine in Form eines Druckgasmotors oder Hydraulikmotors zur Umsetzung von dem Arbeitsraum erzeugten Druck in Bewegung eingesetzt werden. Die Kolbenmaschine erlaubt zudem eine grundsätzlich ölfreie Funktionsweise, welche insbesondere für eine Anwendung als Vakuumpumpe, Wasserpumpe oder Kompressor erwünscht ist.The aforementioned piston machine can be used as a working machine in the form of a piston pump and a piston compressor or as a prime mover in the form of a compressed gas motor or hydraulic motor for converting the pressure generated in the working chamber into motion. The piston machine also allows a fundamentally oil-free mode of operation, which is particularly desirable for use as a vacuum pump, water pump or compressor.
Vorzugsweise ist die erfindungsgemäße Kolbenmaschine als ölfreie Kolbenmaschine ausgebildet. Ölfrei im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung bedeutet, dass (alle) die beweglichen Teile der Kolbenmaschine ölfrei sind.The piston machine according to the invention is preferably designed as an oil-free piston machine. Oil-free in the context of the present invention means that (all) the moving parts of the piston engine are oil-free.
Für die Eigenschaften der Kolbenteile und der Gehäuseteile der Kolbenmaschine wird auf die obigen Ausführungen zum Baukastensystem verwiesen. Merkmale die nur in Bezug auf das oben beschriebene Baukastensystem genannt wurden, können auch für die Kolbenmaschine beansprucht werden und andersherum.For the properties of the piston parts and the housing parts of the piston engine, reference is made to the above statements on the modular system. Features the were only mentioned in relation to the modular system described above can also be claimed for the piston engine and vice versa.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist es möglich, mehrere Antriebsmöglichkeiten vorzusehen, beispielsweise einen Schlaufenantrieb im Kolben oder separat im Getriebe des Schwenkhebels oder als Antrieb mit Kurbelwelle über einen Pleuel zum Schwenkhebel und andere.According to the invention, it is possible to provide several drive options, for example a loop drive in the piston or separately in the gear of the pivoting lever or as a drive with a crankshaft via a connecting rod to the pivoting lever and others.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist es möglich, dass die Kolbenmaschine mit dauerfettgeschmierten Walzlagern ohne Kontakt zum Kolben oder Laufflächen und grundsätzlich ölfrei und ohne Abdichtfunktion arbeitet. Die Kolben laufen berührungsfrei in der Kammer.According to the invention, it is possible for the piston engine to work with roller bearings lubricated for life without contact with the piston or running surfaces and in principle oil-free and without a sealing function. The pistons run in the chamber without contact.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist es möglich, dass kein Kurvenstück vorgesehen ist, wobei das Kammergehäuse an allen Stellen mehrteilig (mehrere Segmente pro Komponente) ausgeführt sein kann. Ebenso können die Kolben seitlich (horizontal) und in der Höhe (vertikal) mehrteilig ausgeführt sein (vollkommenes Baukastensystem).According to the invention, it is possible that no curved piece is provided, in which case the chamber housing can be designed in multiple parts (several segments per component) at all points. Likewise, the pistons can be designed in several parts laterally (horizontally) and vertically (complete modular system).
Gemäß der Erfindung ist es möglich, dass die Kolben ohne Laufflächen arbeiten und auch nicht durch ein Kurvenstück geführt sind. Die Kolben arbeiten vorzugsweise berührungsfrei und ölfrei.According to the invention, it is possible for the pistons to work without running surfaces and also not to be guided by a curved piece. The pistons preferably work in a contact-free and oil-free manner.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist es möglich, dass bei zwei oder mehr Kolben kein Walzeingriff und keine Verzahnung vorgesehen ist. Die Kolben arbeiten berührungsfrei zu den anderen Kolben und arbeiten auch berührungsfrei zu den Kammerwänden; daher ist ein ölfreier Betrieb möglich.According to the invention it is possible that with two or more pistons there is no rolling engagement and no toothing. The pistons work without contact with the other pistons and also work without contact with the chamber walls; therefore, oil-free operation is possible.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist es möglich, dass die Kolbenmaschine als 2-Taktsystem mit Ansaugen und Verdichten (auf jeder Seite der Kolben) ausgebildet ist. Die Kolbenmaschine ist ausgebildet, bei einer 360° Drehung der Kurbelwelle zwei Arbeitstakte auszuführen.According to the invention it is possible that the piston machine is designed as a 2-stroke system with intake and compression (on each side of the pistons). The piston machine is designed to carry out two working strokes with a 360° rotation of the crankshaft.
Außerdem wird mit der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kolbenmaschine vorgeschlagen.In addition, the present invention proposes a method for producing a piston machine.
Das Verfahren umfasst zumindest die folgenden Schritte:
- Bereitstellen des zuvor beschriebenen Baukastensystems,
- Fügen der genannten Gehäuseteile zu einem Gehäuse,
- Einfügen des Kolbens in das Gehäuse,
- Abschließen des Gehäuses mittels des Gehäusedeckels, und
- Bilden der Kolbenmaschine.
- Providing the modular system described above,
- Joining the housing parts mentioned to form a housing,
- inserting the piston into the housing,
- closing the housing by means of the housing cover, and
- Forming the piston engine.
Falls mehrere Kolbenteile vorgesehen sind, werden die Kolbenteile in dem Gehäuse angeordnet. Danach kann der als Schwenkelement ausgebildete, schwenkbare und in dem Gehäuse angeordnete Kolben durch die Kolbenteile gebildet werden. Die Kolbenteile können auch außerhalb des Gehäuses zu dem Kolben zusammengesetzt werden. Anschließend kann der Kolben in das Gehäuse eingefügt werden.If several piston parts are provided, the piston parts are arranged in the housing. Thereafter, the piston designed as a pivoting element, pivotable and arranged in the housing can be formed by the piston parts. The piston parts can also be assembled outside of the housing to form the piston. The piston can then be inserted into the housing.
Für die Eigenschaften der Kolbenteile und der Gehäuseteile wird auf die obigen Ausführungen in Bezug auf das Baukastensystem und/oder die Kolbenmaschine verwiesen. Merkmale die nur in Bezug auf das oben beschriebene Baukastensystem oder die oben beschriebene Kolbenmaschine genannt wurden, können auch für das Verfahren zur Herstellung der Kolbenmaschine beansprucht werden und andersherum.For the properties of the piston parts and the housing parts, reference is made to the above statements in relation to the modular system and/or the piston engine. Features that were only mentioned in relation to the modular system described above or the piston machine described above can also be claimed for the method for producing the piston machine and vice versa.
Insgesamt ergibt sich durch die Modularität des Baukastensystems eine Reihe von Vorteilen gegenüber den einstückigen Kolbenmaschinen-Gehäusen aus dem Stand der Technik:
- niedrigere Entwicklungs- bzw. Geschäftsprozesskosten
- Reduktion von Koordinations- und Kommunikationskosten;
- Flexibilität in der Produkt- bzw. Organisationsentwicklung;
- schnellere Produktzyklen und höhere Anpassungsfähigkeit: wenn verschiedene kompatible Module zur Verfügung stehen, die angebracht, entfernt, gewechselt oder anders gruppiert werden können, um das System an neue Bedingungen anzupassen. Eine einstückige Kolbenmaschine hingegen kann solche Anpassungen meistens nur in Form einer kostenträchtigen Strukturumwandlung bewerkstelligen.
- Flexibilität im Angebot, größere Produktvarietät;
- bei Mehrkammervarianten können mit einer Maschine gleichzeitig verschiedene Anwendungen genutzt werden, z.B. als Kompressor-, Vakuum-; Hydraulik- oder Wasserpumpe; wobei eine der Kammern als Druckgasmotor diese Anwendungen statt eines Elektromotors antreiben kann;
- als Kompressor kann mehrstufig in einem Gehäuse verdichtet werden;
- billigere Herstellung durch baugleiche Serien und einfachere Montageprozesse; und
- kostengünstige Reparatur durch Austausch der fehlerhaften Komponente.
- lower development or business process costs
- Reduction of coordination and communication costs;
- Flexibility in product and organizational development;
- faster product cycles and greater adaptability: when different compatible modules are available that can be attached, removed, swapped or grouped differently to adapt the system to new conditions. A one-piece piston machine, on the other hand, can usually only make such adjustments in the form of a costly structural change.
- Flexibility in supply, greater variety of products;
- With multi-chamber variants, different applications can be used simultaneously with one machine, e.g. as a compressor, Vacuum-; hydraulic or water pump; one of the chambers as a compressed gas motor can drive these applications instead of an electric motor;
- as a compressor, multiple stages can be compressed in one housing;
- cheaper production due to structurally identical series and simpler assembly processes; and
- cost-effective repair by replacing the faulty component.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden anhand beigefügter Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- eine Vorderansicht eines Querschnitts einer Kolbenmaschine ohne Schlaufenantrieb gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung;
- Fig. 2
- eine Vorderansicht eines weiteren Querschnitts einer Kolbenmaschine mit Schlaufenantrieb gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung;
- Fig. 3a
- eine Seitenansicht der Kolbenmaschine der
Figur 2 mit vertikalen und horizontalen Segmenten; - Fig. 3b
- eine perspektivische Darstellung der Kolbenmaschine der
Figur 2 mit vertikalen und horizontalen Segmenten; - Fig. 3c
- eine Seitenansicht einer mehrstufigen Kolbenmaschine gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung mit vertikalen und horizontalen Segmenten;
- Fig. 4
- eine Ansicht auf einen Kolben der Kolbenmaschine der
Figuren 2-3a mit vertikalen und horizontalen Segmenten; - Fig. 5
- eine Ansicht eines Querschnitts einer weiteren Kolbenmaschine mit Schlaufenantrieb im Gehäuse, mit Ölschmierung und einer Arbeitskammer;
- Fig. 6
- eine Ansicht eines Querschnitts einer weiteren Kolbenmaschine mit Schlaufenantrieb im Kolben und zwei Arbeitskammern;
- Fig. 7
- eine Ansicht eines Querschnitts einer Kolbenmaschine mit zwei Kolben und drei Kammern in einem ersten Betriebszustand;
- Fig. 8
- eine Ansicht eines Querschnitts der Kolbenmaschine der
Fig. 7 in einem zweiten Betriebszustand; - Fig. 9
- eine Ansicht eines Querschnitts einer weiteren Kolbenmaschine mit zwei Kolben, zwei seitlichen Kühlöffnungen und nur einer zentralen Kammer in einem ersten Betriebszustand;
- Fig. 10
- eine Ansicht eines Querschnitts der Kolbenmaschine der
Fig. 9 in einem zweiten Betriebszustand; - Fig. 11
- eine Ansicht eines Querschnitts einer weiteren Kolbenmaschine mit zwei Kolben, zwei Kühlöffnungen und drei Kammern;
- Fig. 12a
- eine Ansicht eines Querschnitts einer weiteren Kolbenmaschine mit zwei Kolben, zwei seitlichen und oberen Kühlöffnungen und einer Kammer in einem ersten Betriebszustand;
- Fig. 12b
- eine Ansicht eines Querschnitts einer weiteren Kolbenmaschine mit zwei Kolben, zwei seitlichen und oberen Kühlöffnungen und einer Kammer in einem zweiten Betriebszustand;
- Fig. 13
- eine Ansicht eines Querschnitts einer weiteren Kolbenmaschine mit zwei Doppelkolben und sieben Kammern;
- Fig. 14
- eine Ansicht eines Querschnitts einer weiteren Kolbenmaschine mit drei Kolben und vier Kammern;
- Fig. 15a
- eine Ansicht eines Querschnitts einer weiteren Kolbenmaschine mit drei Kolben, drei Kühlöffnungen und zwei Kammern in einem ersten Betriebszustand, und
- Fig. 15b
- eine Ansicht eines Querschnitts einer weiteren Kolbenmaschine mit drei Kolben, drei Kühlöffnungen und zwei Kammern in einem zweiten Betriebszustand.
- 1
- a front view of a cross section of a piston engine without loop drive according to an embodiment of the invention;
- 2
- a front view of a further cross section of a piston machine with loop drive according to a further embodiment of the invention;
- Figure 3a
- a side view of the piston engine
figure 2 with vertical and horizontal segments; - Figure 3b
- a perspective view of the piston engine
figure 2 with vertical and horizontal segments; - 3c
- a side view of a multi-stage piston machine according to a further embodiment of the invention with vertical and horizontal segments;
- 4
- a view of a piston of the piston engine
Figures 2-3a with vertical and horizontal segments; - figure 5
- a view of a cross section of another piston machine with loop drive in the housing, with oil lubrication and a working chamber;
- 6
- a view of a cross section of another piston machine with loop drive in the piston and two working chambers;
- 7
- a view of a cross section of a piston machine with two pistons and three chambers in a first operating state;
- 8
- a view of a cross section of the piston engine of FIG
7 in a second operating condition; - 9
- a view of a cross section of another piston machine with two pistons, two lateral cooling openings and only one central chamber in a first operating state;
- 10
- a view of a cross section of the piston machine of FIG
9 in a second operating condition; - 11
- a view of a cross section of another piston machine with two pistons, two cooling openings and three chambers;
- 12a
- a view of a cross section of another piston machine with two pistons, two lateral and upper cooling openings and a chamber in a first operating state;
- Figure 12b
- a view of a cross section of another piston engine with two pistons, two lateral and upper cooling openings and a chamber in a second operating state;
- 13
- a view of a cross section of another piston machine with two double pistons and seven chambers;
- 14
- a view of a cross section of another piston machine with three pistons and four chambers;
- Figure 15a
- a view of a cross section of another piston machine with three pistons, three cooling openings and two chambers in a first operating state, and
- Figure 15b
- a view of a cross section of another piston machine with three pistons, three cooling openings and two chambers in a second operating state.
In den Figuren sind funktionsgleiche und wiederkehrende Elemente mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.In the figures, functionally identical and recurring elements are provided with the same reference symbols.
Mit der Erfindung wird ein Baukastensystem zur Herstellung einer Kolbenmaschine 100 bereitgestellt. Das Baukastensystem umfasst hierbei mehrere separate, miteinander zu einem Gehäuse 1 der Kolbenmaschine 100 fügbare Gehäuseteile, mindestens einen als Schwenkelement ausgebildeten, schwenkbaren und in dem Gehäuse 1 anordenbaren Kolben 15, und einen Gehäusedeckel 7 zum Abdecken des Gehäuses 1. In
Im Folgenden wird zunächst auf die
Der Drehzylinder 9 ist in der Lagerschale 3 drehbar um eine Schwenkachse 14 angeordnet. An dem Drehzylinder 9 ist ein als Schwenkplatte ausgebildeter Kolben 15 starr befestigt oder einstückig angeformt, sodass sich der Kolben 15 um die Schwenkachse 14 um den Schwenkwinkel α schwenken lässt. Der typischerweise als Hohlkörper ausgebildete Kolben 15 befindet sich in der Arbeitskammer 2 und liegt abdichtend mit einer Oberkante 26 an einer Innenfläche der gewölbten kreisbogenförmigen Wand 8 an. Die Oberkante 26 des Kolbens 15 ist im Querschnitt kreisbogenförmig. In beiden Seitenwänden 5, 6 der Kammer 2 sind jeweils Einlassventile 22, 24 und Auslassventile 23, 25 ausgebildet. Eine Schwenkbewegung des Kolbens 15 definiert eine Schwenkebene, wobei die Stirnwand 10 und der der Stirnwand 10 gegenüberliegende Gehäusedeckel 7 parallel zur Schwenkebene ausgerichtet sind. Auf eine oder beide Seitenwände 5, 6 kann in analoger Weise zu der in der
Das Getriebegehäuse 4 ist parallel zur Arbeitskammer 2 und dem Kolben 15 sowie parallel zum Gehäusedeckel 7 und zur Stirnwand 10 angeordnet. In dem Getriebegehäuse 4 ist ein Schwenkhebel 16 angeordnet, welche eine sich über dessen Länge erstreckende Führungsnut oder Schlaufe 17 aufweist. In die Schlaufe 17 greift ein Kurbelzapfen 18 einer in dem Getriebegehäuse 4 drehbar gelagerten Kurbelwelle 19 ein. Der Antrieb kann auch anders gestaltet werden.The
Die
Die
Das Gehäuse 1 und der Kolben 15, 15' der zuvor beschriebenen Kolbenmaschinen 100 können aus verschiedensten Materialien, wie einem Metall, einem keramischen Material oder einem Kunststoff gefertigt sein.The
Die zuvor beschriebene Kolbenmaschinen 100 können wie folgt als Kolbenpumpe oder als Kolbenverdichter arbeiten, aber auch als hier in der Funktion nicht beschriebener Druckgasmotor fungieren:
Während der Drehbewegung der Kurbelwelle 19 gleitet der Kurbelzapfen 18 in der Schlaufe 17 des Schwenkhebels 16, die dabei eine Schwenkbewegung ausführt und diese Schwenkbewegung auf den Kolben 15, 15' überträgt.The
During the rotation of the
Bei einer Schwenkbewegung des Kolbens 15 von der in der
Alternativ kann z.B. vorgesehen sein, dass der Kurbelzapfen 18 der Kurbelwelle 19 in ein Pleuelauge eines gelenkig mit dem Kolben 15 verbundenen Schwenkhebels eingreift. Es können aber auch alternative Antriebe oder Abtriebe verwendet werden. Der Antrieb oder Abtrieb der Kolbenmaschine 100 ist somit nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsformen beschränkt.Alternatively, provision can be made, for example, for the
Für die Funktionsweise der Kolbenmaschinen 100 der
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst das Gehäuse 1 der Kolbenmaschine 100 mindestens zwei separate, miteinander verbundene Gehäuseteile.According to one embodiment of the invention, the
In der
Im Ausführungsbeispiel der
Insgesamt umfasst das Gehäuse 1 der Kolbenmaschine 100 daher drei Wandteile 28, sechs Seitenwandteile 29 (jeweils drei von jeder Seitenwand 5 und 6), drei Lagerschalenteile 30 und eine Stirnwand 10, sodass das Gehäuse 1 aus 13 miteinander verbundenen Einzelteilen aufgebaut ist. Die Anzahl der verwendeten Gehäuseteilen kann in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen variieren und ist hierbei insbesondere nicht auf 13 beschränkt.Overall, the
Durch den modularen Aufbau des Gehäuses 1 können einzelne Gehäuseteile preisgünstig gefertigt und bei Bedarf ausgetauscht werden. Weiterhin kann ein Volumen des Gehäuses 1, insbesondere ein Volumen der Kammer 2, durch Weglassen oder Hinzufügen von Gehäuseteilen verkleinert bzw. vergrößert werden.Due to the modular design of the
Weiterhin weist der Kolben 15 gemäß einer Ausführungsform mindestens zwei miteinander verbundene Kolbenteile 20 auf.Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the
Die Anzahl der Kolbenteile 20 ist in einer Ausführungsform gleich der Anzahl der Wandteile 28, der Anzahl der Seitenwandteile 29 bzw. der Anzahl der Lagerschalenteile 30, wobei die Anzahl der Kolbenteile 20 im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel der
In der perspektivischen Darstellung der Kolbenmaschine der
Insbesondere unterscheidet sich gemäß der Ausführungsvariante der
Der Vorteil der modularen Bauweise liegt auf der Hand, da die Kolbenmaschine gemäß Ausführungsvariante der
In der
Die Gehäuseteile, die Kolbenteile 20 und die Drehzylinderteile 21 weisen Mittel, wie Stifte, Feder-Nut-Verbindungen oder dergleichen, zum Fügen, Befestigen und Fixieren der Bauteile auf. Zusätzlich oder alternativ zu den genannten Verbindungsmethoden können die Kolbenteile 20 und/oder Gehäuseteile miteinander verklebt, verschweißt oder verlötet sein. Hierfür können die Kolbenteile 20, Drehzylinderteile 21 und/oder Gehäuseteile vorbestimmte Schweißstellen, Klebstellen oder Lötstellen aufweisen.The housing parts, the
Im Vergleich zu den Kolbenmaschinen 100 der
Wie in den Ausführungsformen der
Zusätzlich zu den oben genannten Gehäuseteilen kann das Gehäuse 1 unter anderem Lagerschale 3', Seitenwand 5', kreisbogenförmige Wand 8', Drehzylinder 9', Einlassventil 22', Auslassventil 23', Einlassventil 24' und/oder Auslassventil 25' umfassen.In addition to the housing parts mentioned above, the
Die kreisbogenförmige Wand 8' und die Lagerschale 3 sind als erstes Kammerkopfteil 60 ausgebildet. Weiterhin sind die kreisbogenförmige Wand 8 und die Lagerschale 3' als zweites Kammerkopfteil ausgebildet. Die Kammerkopfteile 60, 62 umfassen mehrere einstückige Scheiben, die analog zu den Wandteilen 28, Seitenwandteilen 29 und Lagerschalenteilen 30 der
Der Kolben 15" bzw. der Drehzylinder 9' kann ebenfalls wie der Kolben 15 bzw. der Drehzylinder 9 mehrteilig ausgebildet sein. Für die Einzelheiten des mehrteiligen Kolbens 15" und des mehrteiligen Drehzylinders 9' wird auf die
Die Kolbenmaschinen 100 der
Die Kühlöffnung kann gemäß den Ausführungsformen der
Wie aus den
Weitere Einzelheiten zu den Kühlöffnungen 70 sind in der Veröffentlichung
In den
Die Kolbenmaschine 100 der
Wie in den
Die
Die Kolbenmaschine 100 weist drei Kolben 15, 15' und 15" auf, die mit den Gehäuseteilen 66, 68 und den drei Kühlöffnungen 70 zwei Arbeitskammern A12 und A13 ausbilden. In einem ersten Arbeitsschritt ausgehend von den Kolbenstellungen der
Die vorstehend offenbarten Kolbenmaschinen sind gemäß einem Aspekt der Erfindung als mehrteilige Kolbenmaschinen beschrieben worden, d.h. die Arbeitskammer ist durch eine Vielzahl von Gehäuseteilen ausgebildet. Gemäß einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung ist es jedoch möglich, dass sämtliche vorstehend offenbarten Kolbenmaschinen eine einteilige Arbeitskammer aufweisen. Diese sind möglicherweise nicht mittels des vorstehend erläuterten Baukastensystems herstellbar; jedoch können diese Kolbenmaschinen die weiteren in der Anmeldung offenbarten Vorteile erzielen.The piston engines disclosed above have been described according to one aspect of the invention as multi-part piston engines, i.e. the working chamber is formed by a plurality of housing parts. According to a further aspect of the invention, however, it is possible for all of the piston machines disclosed above to have a one-piece working chamber. These may not be able to be produced using the modular system explained above; however, these piston engines can achieve the other advantages disclosed in the application.
Außerdem wird mit der Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der in den
- Bereitstellen von mindestens zwei separaten, miteinander verbindbaren Gehäuseteilen,
- Bereitstellen von mindestens zwei separaten, miteinander verbindbaren Kolbenteilen 20, 31,
Bereitstellen eines Gehäusedeckels 10,- Fügen der genannten Gehäuseteile zu einem Gehäuse 1,
20, 31 inAnordnen der Kolbenteile dem Gehäuse 1,- Bilden eines als Schwenkelement ausgebildeten, schwenkbaren und in
dem Gehäuse 1 angeordneten Kolbens 15 durch dieKolbenteile 20 und - Abschließen des Gehäuses 1 mittels des Gehäusedeckels 10 zum
Bilden der Kolbenmaschine 100.
- Provision of at least two separate housing parts that can be connected to one another,
- Provision of at least two
20, 31, which can be connected to one another,separate piston parts - providing a
housing cover 10, - Joining the housing parts mentioned to form a
housing 1, - arranging the
20, 31 in thepiston parts housing 1, - Forming a designed as a pivoting element, pivotable and arranged in the
housing 1piston 15 by thepiston parts 20 and - Closing off the
housing 1 by means of thehousing cover 10 to form thepiston engine 100.
Weitere Schritte können hinzugefügt werden, um die spezifischen Merkmale der in den
- 11
- GehäuseHousing
- 22
- Kammerchamber
- 33
- Lagerschalebearing shell
- 3'3'
- Lagerschalebearing shell
- 44
- Getriebegehäusegear case
- 4'4'
- Getriebegehäuse(segment)gearbox housing (segment)
- 4"4"
- Getriebegehäuse(segment)gearbox housing (segment)
- 55
- Linke SeitenwandLeft side wall
- 5'5'
- SeitenwandSide wall
- 66
- rechte Seitenwandright side wall
- 6'6'
- rechte Seitenwandright side wall
- 6"6"
- rechte Seitenwandright side wall
- 77
- Gehäusedeckelhousing cover
- 7'7'
- Gehäusedeckel (segment)Housing cover (segment)
- 7"7"
- Gehäusedeckel (segment)Housing cover (segment)
- 88th
- kreisbogenförmige Wandarcuate wall
- 8'8th'
- kreisbogenförmige Wandarcuate wall
- 99
- Drehzylinderrotary cylinder
- 9'9'
- Drehzylinderrotary cylinder
- 1010
- Stirnwandbulkhead
- 10'10'
- Stirnwandbulkhead
- 10"10"
- Stirnwandbulkhead
- 1111
- Kurbelradiuscrank radius
- 1212
- Ölsumpfoil sump
- 1313
- Dichtleistesealing strip
- 1414
- Schwenkachsepivot axis
- 14'14'
- Schwenkachsepivot axis
- 1515
- KolbenPistons
- 15'15'
- KolbenPistons
- 15"15"
- KolbenPistons
- 15‴15‴
- KolbenPistons
- 1616
- Schwenkhebelswing lever
- 1717
- Schlaufeloop
- 1818
- Kurbelzapfencrank pin
- 1919
- Kurbelwellecrankshaft
- 2020
- Kolbenteilpiston part
- 2121
- Drehzylinderteilrotary cylinder part
- 2222
- linkes Einlassventilleft inlet valve
- 22'22'
- Einlassventilintake valve
- 2323
- linkes Auslassventilleft exhaust valve
- 23'23'
- Auslassventiloutlet valve
- 2424
- rechtes Einlassventilright inlet valve
- 24'24'
- Einlassventilintake valve
- 2525
- rechtes Auslassventilright exhaust valve
- 25'25'
- Auslassventiloutlet valve
- 2626
- Oberkante des Kolbenstop edge of the flask
- 2727
- WelleWave
- 2828
- Wandteilwall part
- 2929
- Seitenwandteilside panel part
- 3030
- Lagerschalenteilbearing shell part
- 3131
- Kolbenteilpiston part
- 6060
- Kammerkopfteilchamber head part
- 6262
- Kammerkopfteilchamber head part
- 6464
- Gehäuseteilhousing part
- 6666
- Gehäuseteilhousing part
- 6868
- Gehäuseteilhousing part
- 7070
- Kühlöffnungcooling opening
- 7171
-
Verdichterstufe 1
compressor stage 1 - 71'71'
-
Verdichterstufe 2
compressor stage 2 - 71"71"
-
Verdichterstufe 3
compressor stage 3 - 100100
- Kolbenmaschinepiston machine
- 129129
- Arbeitsflächework surface
- 130130
- Arbeitsflächework surface
- αa
- Schwenkwinkelswivel angle
- A1A1
- Arbeitskammerworking chamber
- A2A2
- Arbeitskammerworking chamber
- A3A3
- Arbeitskammerworking chamber
- A4A4
- Arbeitskammerworking chamber
- A5A5
- Arbeitskammerworking chamber
- A6A6
- Arbeitskammerworking chamber
- A7A7
- Arbeitskammerworking chamber
- A8A8
- Arbeitskammerworking chamber
- A9A9
- Arbeitskammerworking chamber
- A10A10
- Arbeitskammerworking chamber
- A11A11
- Arbeitskammerworking chamber
- A12A12
- Arbeitskammerworking chamber
- A13A13
- Arbeitskammerworking chamber
Claims (15)
- Oscillating piston machine (100) in modular design, comprising:a piston (15),a housing with a working chamber (2) with at least one inlet opening (22, 24) and at least one outlet opening (23, 25),the piston (15) being mounted in the working chamber (2) so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis (14) and the piston (15) being operatively connected to at least one rotatably mounted shaft (19);wherein the working chamber (2) is formed by a plurality of housing parts (28, 29, 30) as well as a housing cover (7) and an end wall (10),wherein the housing parts (28, 29, 30) have at least two separate side walls (5, 6, 28, 29, 30) in the direction along the pivot axis (14) for delimiting the working chamber (2),characterized in thatat least two separate housing parts (28, 29, 30) are arranged axially one behind the other with respect to the pivot axis (14) .
- Oscillating piston machine (100) according to claim 1, wherein
the working chamber (2) is limited with respect to the pivot axis (14) at a front side by the housing cover (7) and at the rear side by the end wall (10), with respect to the pivot axis (14) at an upper side by a circular-arc-shaped wall (8) and at a lower side by a bearing shell (3), wherein the side walls (5, 6, 28, 29, 30) extend between the housing cover (7), the end wall (10), the circular arc-shaped wall (8) and the bearing shell (3), wherein the housing cover (7), the end wall (10) are each formed by at least two separate segments which are each arranged one behind the other in a vertical direction extending between the circular-arc-shaped wall (8) and the bearing shell (3), and wherein the circular-arc-shaped wall (8) is formed by at least two separate segments which are each arranged axially one behind the other. - Oscillating piston machine (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the piston machine is formed as a multi-stage piston machine, wherein a plurality of compressor stages (71, 71', 71") are provided, wherein the vertical extent of the side walls (6, 6', 6") of each compressor stage (71, 71', 71"), which are formed axially one behind the other, differs from one another.
- Oscillating piston machine (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein two pistons (15, 15") are provided which form a common working chamber, wherein the two pistons (15, 15") are formed to be pivotable between a first position, in which the pistons (15, 15") are arranged at a minimum distance from one another but without contact, and a second position, in which the pistons (15, 15") are at a maximum distance from one another, wherein the pistons (15, 15") are arranged offset by 180°.
- Oscillating piston machine (100) according to claim 4, wherein at least two cooling openings (70) are provided in the common working chamber such that the two cooling openings (70) are open in the second position.
- Oscillating piston machine (100) according to claim 5, wherein the two cooling openings (70) are closed in the first position.
- Oscillating piston machine (100) according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein three pistons (15, 15', 15") and three cooling openings (70) associated with the respective pistons (15, 15', 15") are provided, wherein a first piston (15) and a second piston (15') in a first position are arranged at a minimum distance from each other but without contact, while a third piston (15") is arranged in the first position at a maximum distance from the second piston (15'), and wherein the second piston (15') and the third piston (15") are arranged in a second position at a minimum distance from each other but without contact, while the first piston (15) is arranged in the second position at a maximum distance from the second piston (15').
- Oscillating piston machine (100) of claim 7, wherein the cooling opening (70) associated with the first piston (15) is closed in the first position while the cooling opening (70) associated with the second piston (15') and the cooling opening (70) associated with the third piston (15") are open, wherein the cooling opening (70) associated with the third piston (15") is closed in the second position while the cooling opening (70) associated with the second piston (15') and the cooling opening (70) associated with the first piston (15) are open.
- Oscillating piston machine (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least two separate side walls (28, 29, 30) are of identical construction.
- Oscillating piston machine (100) according to any of the preceding claims,
wherein the at least one working chamber (2) is limited along the pivot axis (14) of the piston (15) by the end wall (10) and the housing cover (7). - Oscillating piston machine (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the working chamber (2) is limited transversely to the pivot axis (14) by a bearing shell (3), two separate side walls (5, 6) and an circular-arc-shaped side wall (8).
- Oscillating piston machine (100) according to one of the preceding claims,
wherein the side walls (3, 5, 6, 8) limiting the working chamber (2) transversely to the pivot axis (14) are each formed by a plurality of housing parts (28, 29, 30) of identical construction, which are each arranged axially one behind the other. - Oscillating piston machine (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least two separate side walls (5, 6, 28, 29, 30) are detachably connected to each other.
- Oscillating piston machine (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least two separate side walls (5, 6, 28, 29, 30) are arranged symmetrically about a plane extending perpendicular to the plane of oscillation and along the longitudinal axis of the piston (15) in a central position.
- Oscillating piston machine (100) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein all housing parts (5, 6, 28, 29, 30) are arranged symmetrically with respect to a plane extending perpendicular to the plane of oscillation and along the longitudinal axis of the piston (15) in a central position.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018123409.0A DE102018123409A1 (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2018-09-24 | Piston machine, modular system for a piston machine and method for manufacturing a piston machine |
PCT/EP2019/075661 WO2020064706A1 (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2019-09-24 | Piston machine, modular construction system for a piston machine, and method for producing a piston machine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3857026A1 EP3857026A1 (en) | 2021-08-04 |
EP3857026B1 true EP3857026B1 (en) | 2023-03-01 |
Family
ID=68084803
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19779428.2A Active EP3857026B1 (en) | 2018-09-24 | 2019-09-24 | Piston machine, modular construction system for a piston machine, and method for producing a piston machine |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11852017B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3857026B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN113167114B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102018123409A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2941536T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020064706A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US367872A (en) * | 1887-08-09 | walters | ||
GB331545A (en) * | 1930-03-04 | 1930-07-04 | Paul Polizzi | Improvements in internal combustion engines of the oscillating vane type |
US1969620A (en) * | 1930-09-17 | 1934-08-07 | Firm Maschinen Und Motorenbau | Rotary piston engine |
US2055296A (en) * | 1934-08-13 | 1936-09-22 | Gulf Research Development Co | Pump |
US2570832A (en) * | 1943-02-16 | 1951-10-09 | Moore Inc | Oscillating fluid pressure machine |
US3289544A (en) * | 1964-03-04 | 1966-12-06 | Daniels Dennis | Rotary actuator |
US3388693A (en) * | 1967-03-15 | 1968-06-18 | James Richard | Two-cycle engine with charge pump therein |
US3408991A (en) * | 1967-07-12 | 1968-11-05 | William B Pritchett Jr | Oscillating machine |
LU66303A1 (en) * | 1972-10-16 | 1974-05-09 | ||
DE3265046D1 (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1985-09-05 | Werner Arendt | Internal-combustion engine |
CN85100486B (en) | 1985-04-01 | 1988-10-26 | 谈诚 | The two-stroke strokes oscillating piston internal combustion engine |
US5228414A (en) * | 1992-09-10 | 1993-07-20 | Robert D. Hall | Valveless two-stroke-cycle oscillating engine |
JPH07208368A (en) * | 1994-01-20 | 1995-08-08 | Tokico Ltd | Piston oscillating compressor |
DE19901110C2 (en) * | 1999-01-14 | 2002-06-06 | Herbert Huettlin | Oscillating piston engine |
JP4908521B2 (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2012-04-04 | ステード,クリスチアーン,フィリップス フォン | Vibrating piston and its conversion mechanism |
DE102006016469A1 (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-11 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | swing motor |
US8176892B2 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2012-05-15 | Reisser Heinz-Gustav A | Internal combustion engine |
DE102008040574B4 (en) * | 2008-07-21 | 2013-08-14 | Manfred Max Rapp | piston engine |
DE102010036977B3 (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2011-11-10 | Manfred Max Rapp | Reciprocating engine for use as pump, compressor or expansion motor, has housing with circular cylindrical segment-shaped hollow space, inlet- and outlet valves and pivotal dual piston plates that limits variable working spaces |
DE102014208939A1 (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2015-11-12 | Manfred Max Rapp | piston engine |
DE102014214435A1 (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-28 | Manfred Max Rapp | piston engine |
DE102016119985B3 (en) * | 2016-10-20 | 2018-05-17 | Nidec Gpm Gmbh | Swing Piston vacuum pump |
-
2018
- 2018-09-24 DE DE102018123409.0A patent/DE102018123409A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2019
- 2019-09-24 WO PCT/EP2019/075661 patent/WO2020064706A1/en unknown
- 2019-09-24 EP EP19779428.2A patent/EP3857026B1/en active Active
- 2019-09-24 ES ES19779428T patent/ES2941536T3/en active Active
- 2019-09-24 US US17/279,281 patent/US11852017B2/en active Active
- 2019-09-24 CN CN201980075775.6A patent/CN113167114B/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20220034226A1 (en) | 2022-02-03 |
US11852017B2 (en) | 2023-12-26 |
DE102018123409A1 (en) | 2020-03-26 |
ES2941536T3 (en) | 2023-05-23 |
WO2020064706A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 |
CN113167114B (en) | 2023-02-21 |
EP3857026A1 (en) | 2021-08-04 |
CN113167114A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
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