EP3853494A1 - MESSSYSTEM UND MESSVERFAHREN ZUM ERMITTELN EINES VERSCHLEIßES EINES BREMSBELAGS EINER REIBUNGSBREMSE - Google Patents
MESSSYSTEM UND MESSVERFAHREN ZUM ERMITTELN EINES VERSCHLEIßES EINES BREMSBELAGS EINER REIBUNGSBREMSEInfo
- Publication number
- EP3853494A1 EP3853494A1 EP19762970.2A EP19762970A EP3853494A1 EP 3853494 A1 EP3853494 A1 EP 3853494A1 EP 19762970 A EP19762970 A EP 19762970A EP 3853494 A1 EP3853494 A1 EP 3853494A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wear
- brake
- measuring system
- magnetic field
- wear element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D66/02—Apparatus for indicating wear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
- B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
- B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D66/02—Apparatus for indicating wear
- F16D66/021—Apparatus for indicating wear using electrical detection or indication means
- F16D66/022—Apparatus for indicating wear using electrical detection or indication means indicating that a lining is worn to minimum allowable thickness
- F16D66/023—Apparatus for indicating wear using electrical detection or indication means indicating that a lining is worn to minimum allowable thickness directly sensing the position of braking members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D66/02—Apparatus for indicating wear
- F16D66/021—Apparatus for indicating wear using electrical detection or indication means
- F16D66/022—Apparatus for indicating wear using electrical detection or indication means indicating that a lining is worn to minimum allowable thickness
- F16D66/023—Apparatus for indicating wear using electrical detection or indication means indicating that a lining is worn to minimum allowable thickness directly sensing the position of braking members
- F16D66/024—Sensors mounted on braking members adapted to contact the brake disc or drum, e.g. wire loops severed on contact
Definitions
- the invention relates to a measuring system and a measuring method for determining wear of a brake lining of a friction brake, wherein a wear element is incorporated into the brake lining, the wear of which is representative of the
- Brake pad is determined.
- Measuring systems and measuring methods for determining wear can record the reaching of a wear limit of the brake pad during the operation of the vehicle and give an indication of a necessary replacement of the brake pad. In this way, the length of an inspection interval in which a visual inspection of the covering thickness takes place can be extended, as a result of which the costs of the inspection and also follow-up costs are reduced by increased downtimes.
- a device in which an adjusting spindle of an application device of the brake is coupled to an encoder via a reduction gear.
- a sensor which preferably interacts with the sensor in a contactless manner, detects a wear value of the brake lining based on the position of the sensor.
- a current wear value of the brake lining is advantageously output. In this way, excessive wear can be detected before a wear limit is reached.
- the system is structurally complex.
- Measuring system of the type mentioned is known, in which a contactless readable sensor is incorporated as a wear element in the brake pad.
- Document DE 10 2008 011 288 B4 shows a similar system, in which, however, the sensor is not arranged in the brake pad, but on the outside thereof.
- the sensor is, for example, as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) sensor designed.
- An intact function of the embedded sensor can be checked regularly via a transceiver arranged externally from the brake pad. If the brake pad reaches a predetermined wear limit, the embedded sensor is also worn and destroyed, whereupon a request from the transceiver is no longer answered.
- the transceiver thus detects when the wear limit has been reached and transmits it preferably wirelessly to a display device.
- the construction is structurally simple, since no mechanically moving components are involved.
- the senor is arranged on the outside of the brake pad.
- Suitable mass-produced sensors are also available at low cost. Due to its arrangement in or on the brake pad, the sensor may be exposed to high temperatures. This can be his
- Magnetic field sensor which are arranged in a ferromagnetic core in a closed first magnetic circuit, the wear element being ferromagnetic and such formed that a second magnetic circuit leads through the wear element and the permanent magnet.
- Permanent magnets are caused and which influence each other with a sufficiently small reluctance of the two magnetic circuits in such a way that a sinking flux in one of the circles leads to an increase in the flux in the other circle and vice versa.
- a measurement of the magnetic flux in the first circle thus provides information about the flux in the second circle, which in turn is due to the abrasion of the brake pad and thus the embedded wear element when the brake is used.
- Wear element incorporated, the wear of which is determined on behalf of the brake pad or by which wear of the brake pad is recorded.
- the method has the following steps: in a first magnetic circuit, a measuring sensor and in a second magnetic circuit coupled to the first magnetic element, the wear element is subjected to a magnetic field by the permanent magnet. A magnetic field strength is detected in the first magnetic circuit and an
- the wear value of the wear element and / or the brake lining is determined on the basis of the magnetic field strength detected.
- the magnetic field strength in the first magnetic circuit depends on the magnetic reluctance of the second
- the wear element itself is inexpensive and robust and especially heat-resistant, so that it is reliable even at high
- Temperatures that can be reached in or on the brake pad can be used.
- the wear element is inserted into the brake lining essentially perpendicular to the brake disc and is positioned on one side opposite the brake disc with an end face in front of the magnetic field sensor. In the unused state of the brake pad, the wear element can extend over its entire thickness or even only in a rear part of the brake pad. A progressive wear of the
- Brake pads can in the first case for the entire area of wear
- Brake pads are recorded and in the second case only from a certain
- the ferromagnetic core is formed in several parts from at least two L-shaped sections which complement each other to form a U-shaped basic shape with a base and two legs.
- Magnetic field sensor is between the two sections e.g. arranged in the base to detect the magnetic flux flowing through the core.
- Permanent magnet is arranged between the two legs. End faces of the two legs are positioned adjacent to a rear side of the brake pad, both end faces abutting the wear element.
- the wear element preferably has a geometry similar to a ladder, with two columns spaced apart from one another, which extend perpendicular to the friction surface of the brake lining, and at least one rung connecting the columns and oriented transversely to the columns.
- One of the two end faces of the legs of the core lies opposite one end face of one of the two pillars of the wear element, as a result of which the two coupled magnetic circuits are formed.
- Said ladder-shaped wear element can be made in one piece from several cuboid
- Sections can be formed or assembled in several parts from several cuboid elements.
- the ladder-shaped geometry leads to a measurement signal of the magnetic field sensor that does not change linearly with the wear of the brake lining.
- the measurement signal changes more than in the sections between the rungs.
- the abrasion of the rungs and the associated Wear conditions can be detected robustly and reliably.
- the position (s) and the number of rungs can, for example, be matched to relevant wear conditions, for example in such a way that two first stages indicate necessary brake maintenance intervals and a third prompts for replacement of the pads.
- Magnetic field sensor is a Hall sensor.
- the magnetic field sensor and / or the permanent magnet and / or the core are preferably arranged in a sensor head.
- the measuring system in one embodiment has an electronic unit with an evaluation unit, which is connected to the magnetic field sensor. A wear value determined by the evaluation unit can
- radio module which is arranged in the electronics unit and is coupled to the evaluation unit, e.g. to a
- the electronics unit further preferably has a battery for supplying power to the evaluation unit, the magnetic field sensor and / or the radio module.
- Energy supply makes it easy to retrofit the measuring system, even if an on-board power supply is not available on a brake to be retrofitted.
- the measured field strength is not only dependent on the geometry of the wear element, but also changes when the wear element comes into mechanical contact with the brake disc.
- part of the flux emanating from the permanent magnet is passed through the brake disc, which results in a sudden change in the magnetic field
- an additional application and / or release of the friction brake is determined on the basis of a change in the detected magnetic field strength. This is preferred
- Fig. 1 shows a part of a friction brake of a rail vehicle with a
- Fig. 2a-c each an enlarged detail of Fig. 1, in which the device for
- Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a measurement signal for measuring a
- Fig. 4 shows a sensor head of a device for measuring wear with connected electronics unit in a schematic block diagram.
- FIG. 1 shows a section of a friction brake 1 of a rail vehicle, for example a freight wagon, partially cut.
- the friction brake 1 is a disc brake, in which on a scar 2 of the
- Clamping mechanism 4 is not shown in greater detail here. It can be actuated pneumatically, hydraulically or by an electric motor in a known manner. When applying the friction brake 1, the brake pads 6 are on the
- both the brake disc 3 and the brake pads 6 wear out, as the lining thickness (lining thickness) decreases.
- the brake pads 6 may only wear to a maximum of a predetermined permissible wear level, which is symbolized in FIG. 1 by a dashed line, for example.
- the measuring system 10 includes a
- Wear element 11 and a sensor head 12 In the one shown in FIG. 1
- the measuring system 10 is formed only on one side of the friction brake 1, that is to say on one of the brake pads 6. In an alternative embodiment, it is possible to use a corresponding measuring system 10 for both brake pads 6
- the braking system 10 is in each case a schematic in FIGS. 2a-c
- Sectional drawing shown in more detail shows an arrangement with a brake pad 6 in the delivery state or with a brake pad thickness which is far above the wear limit.
- 2b shows the same arrangement as wear progresses. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 2c, the brake pad 6 has reached its wear limit.
- the wear element 11 is a ferromagnetic element which is inserted into the brake lining 6.
- the wear element 11 consists of an arrangement of a plurality of cuboid elements 111-115, two spaced-apart cuboid elements 111, 113, 115 alternating with larger rod-shaped elements 112, 114.
- the smaller cuboid elements 111, 113, 115 are also referred to below as longitudinal elements 111, 113, 115 and the longer rod-shaped elements 112, 114 as transverse elements 112, 114.
- the cuboid elements 111-115 thus form a ladder-shaped structure, the cross section of which varies in stages in the wear direction of the brake lining (ie in a direction perpendicular to the braking surface of the brake lining 6 or to the surface of the brake disk 3).
- the wear element 11 is preferably made of a mechanically soft ferromagnetic metal and is worn off the brake disc 3 when the brake pad 6 wears without the brake disc 3 being excessively worn, ie more than by the brake pads 6.
- the wear element 11 is flush with the brake pad 6 on the side opposite the brake disc 3, the
- Cover carrier 5 is shortened or recessed in this area, so that
- Wear element 11 is not in mechanical contact with the lining carrier 5.
- the wear element 11 could alternatively also protrude beyond the brake pad 6.
- the wear element 11 ends in front of the sensor head 12.
- this comprises a permanent magnet 13 and a magnetic field sensor, advantageously a Hall sensor 14, which is coupled via a connecting cable 15 to an electronic unit not shown in FIGS. 2a-c.
- the permanent magnet 13 and the Hall sensor 14 are arranged together with a core 16 within the sensor head 12.
- the core 16 is ferromagnetic
- an iron core for example an iron core.
- it is formed in two parts from two L-shaped sections which together form a U-shaped section
- the Hall sensor 14 is positioned in the base between the two sections. In the illustrated
- the two sections are completely separated from one another by the Hall sensor 14.
- the Hall sensor 14 measures the entire magnetic flux running through the core 16.
- the core 16 which is U-shaped in its overall shape, is arranged within the sensor head 12 such that end faces of its legs face the brake lining 6 and preferably bear against the brake lining 6. Between the legs is the Permanent magnet 13 arranged. In this way, a first magnetic circuit is formed, which is also referred to below as the primary circuit.
- the two spaced-apart cuboid elements of the wear element 11 are embedded in the brake lining 6 in such a way that they are each positioned centrally in front of the end faces of the legs of the core 16.
- the wear elements 11 extend in the direction of the thickness of the brake pad 6 from the back approximately to its friction surface.
- Primary circuit formed a second magnetic circuit, which is also referred to below as a secondary circuit. Both run through the permanent magnet 13 itself
- the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 13 is divided between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit.
- the Hall sensor 14 measures a correspondingly small magnetic flux in the primary circuit.
- the flow in the primary circuit becomes maximum when the wear element 11 has been completely removed and the flow in the secondary circuit has dropped to zero.
- the transverse elements 112, 114 contribute more to the magnetic flux in the secondary circuit than the longitudinal elements 111, 113, 115, since the transverse elements 112, 114 close the secondary circuit. Removal of the elements 112, 114 is clearly shown in the measured magnetic flux, whereas removal of the elements 111, 113, 115 has only a minor effect on the magnetic flux. For this reason, the maximum flow is essentially already reached in the wear situation according to FIG. 2c.
- the magnetic flux in the primary circuit measured by the Hall sensor 14 that does not change linearly with the abrasion of the wear element or the brake pad 6 is shown in FIG.
- the diagram shows the wear in% and the magnetic flux in arbitrary units on the y-axis.
- a measurement curve 21 shows the measured flow. The measurement curve 21 runs within the different sections of the
- Wear element 11 linear, the slope in sections of the longer cuboid elements 112, 114 being many times greater than in sections of the spaced smaller elements 111, 113, 115. In the latter, the measurement curve 21 runs approximately horizontally.
- the course of the measurement curve with the pronounced shoulders during the abrasion of one of the elements 112, 114 enables reliable and robust detection of the wear states associated with the position of the elements 112, 114.
- the position and the number of cross elements 112, 114 can be matched to relevant wear conditions, for example in such a way that two first stages indicate necessary brake maintenance intervals and a third prompts for a pad replacement.
- the system described is designed to measure the magnetic flux when the brake is not in use.
- the friction brake 1 When the friction brake 1 is actuated, the brake pad 6 is pressed against the brake disc 3 and the brake disc 3 becomes part of the secondary circuit. This also changes the flow in the primary circuit, specifically it is lowered when the brake is applied.
- FIG. 4 shows a possible evaluation of the Hall sensor 14 of the sensor head 12 in a block diagram.
- the sensor head 12 can, for example, be that shown in FIG. 2 or FIGS. 3a, b, with further depictions being shown
- Components of the sensor head 12 was dispensed with.
- the sensor head 12 is connected to a via the connection cable 15
- Electronics unit 17 is connected. This can, for example, in the area of Friction brake, for example attached to the application mechanism 4.
- the electronics unit 17 comprises an evaluation unit 18 which applies a suitable operating current to the Hall sensor 14 and evaluates the signals of the Hall sensor 14.
- the evaluation unit is coupled to a radio module 19, via which the evaluated signals of the Hall sensor 14 are forwarded to a higher-level diagnostic unit, not shown here. Retrofitting can also advantageously be carried out in this way without corresponding cables for the transmission of the signals being laid in the rail vehicle.
- a wear value is determined by the evaluation unit 18 and passed on by the radio module 19.
- the higher-level diagnostic unit can understand the continuous wear of one or both of the brake linings 6 of the friction brake 1. It is then possible, for example, to compare excessive wear on different axles and / or different brakes on one axle
- Wear value take place with a predetermined maximum wear value, so that the radio module 19 can immediately output a signal indicating that the wear limit has been reached.
- the electronics unit 17 further comprises a battery 20 for the self-sufficient energy supply of the electronics unit 17.
- a battery 20 for the self-sufficient energy supply of the electronics unit 17.
- the measuring system 10 can be set up to apply or release the friction brake 1 independently of the
- Front side of the wear element 11 results.
- a change in the magnetic field detected by the Hall sensor 14 due to the application of the friction brake 1 leads to a rapid, almost abrupt change in the detected field strength. In this way alone, such an application event can be distinguished from a change in the magnetic field that results from wear of the brake lining 6 and the wear element 11.
- the evaluation unit 18 can be designed to detect a change resulting from the application or release of the friction brake 1 and to emit a corresponding signal about the application or release of the brake. In this context, it can further be provided that after the brake has been released, a measurement is taken of the wear of the brake lining 6, which is then output by the evaluation unit 18 via the radio module 19.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018122884.8A DE102018122884A1 (de) | 2018-09-18 | 2018-09-18 | Messsystem und Messverfahren zum Ermitteln eines Verschleißes eines Bremsbelags einer Reibungsbremse |
PCT/EP2019/073542 WO2020057973A1 (de) | 2018-09-18 | 2019-09-04 | MESSSYSTEM UND MESSVERFAHREN ZUM ERMITTELN EINES VERSCHLEIßES EINES BREMSBELAGS EINER REIBUNGSBREMSE |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3853494A1 true EP3853494A1 (de) | 2021-07-28 |
Family
ID=67851144
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19762970.2A Withdrawn EP3853494A1 (de) | 2018-09-18 | 2019-09-04 | MESSSYSTEM UND MESSVERFAHREN ZUM ERMITTELN EINES VERSCHLEIßES EINES BREMSBELAGS EINER REIBUNGSBREMSE |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3853494A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018122884A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020057973A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11788594B2 (en) | 2021-04-30 | 2023-10-17 | Webb Wheel Products, Inc. | Systems and methods for monitoring a wear state of a disc brake |
CN113187837A (zh) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-07-30 | 湖北神欧传感技术有限公司 | 一种鼓式汽车刹车衬片的行程断开式磨损报警探头 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6257374B1 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2001-07-10 | Trw Inc. | Brake pad wear sensing system and method |
US7367496B2 (en) | 2005-06-06 | 2008-05-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Detecting wear through use of information-transmitting devices |
DE102006042777B3 (de) | 2006-09-12 | 2007-10-18 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Scheibenbremse, insbesondere für ein Nutzfahrzeug |
DE102008011288B4 (de) | 2008-02-27 | 2013-08-14 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Schienenfahrzeuge GmbH | Vorrichtung zur Überwachung der Belagdicke eines Bremsbelags einer Reibungsbremse eines Fahrzeugs |
DE102009021953B4 (de) * | 2009-05-19 | 2012-10-18 | Audi Ag | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Bremsbelagüberwachung für ein Fahrzeug |
US9903429B2 (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2018-02-27 | Warner Electric Technology Llc | Brake with a reed switch for indicating an operating condition of the brake |
-
2018
- 2018-09-18 DE DE102018122884.8A patent/DE102018122884A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2019
- 2019-09-04 EP EP19762970.2A patent/EP3853494A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-09-04 WO PCT/EP2019/073542 patent/WO2020057973A1/de unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102018122884A1 (de) | 2020-03-19 |
WO2020057973A1 (de) | 2020-03-26 |
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