Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
  • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
  • B01D53/79—Injecting reactants
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
  • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
  • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
  • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
  • B05B7/0475—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the peripheral gas flow towards the central liquid flow
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/346—Controlling the process
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
  • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
  • B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
  • B01D53/504—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific device
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
  • B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
  • B01D53/58—Ammonia
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
  • B01J19/0013—Controlling the temperature of the process
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
  • B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
  • B01J4/002—Nozzle-type elements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
  • B01J4/02—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices for feeding measured, i.e. prescribed quantities of reagents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
  • B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
  • B05B12/12—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature position or movement of the target relative to the spray apparatus
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
  • B05B15/60—Arrangements for mounting, supporting or holding spraying apparatus
  • B05B15/62—Arrangements for supporting spraying apparatus, e.g. suction cups
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
  • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
  • B05B7/0408—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing two or more liquids
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
  • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
  • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
  • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
  • B05B7/045—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber the gas and liquid flows being parallel just upstream the mixing chamber
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
  • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
  • B05B7/0892—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point the outlet orifices for jets constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid being disposed on a circle
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
  • B05B7/2486—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device with means for supplying liquid or other fluent material to several discharge devices
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
  • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
  • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
  • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
  • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
  • F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2251/00—Reactants
  • B01D2251/10—Oxidants
  • B01D2251/102—Oxygen
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2251/00—Reactants
  • B01D2251/20—Reductants
  • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
  • B01D2251/2062—Ammonia
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2251/00—Reactants
  • B01D2251/20—Reductants
  • B01D2251/206—Ammonium compounds
  • B01D2251/2067—Urea
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2251/00—Reactants
  • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
  • B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2251/00—Reactants
  • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
  • B01D2251/602—Oxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2251/00—Reactants
  • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
  • B01D2251/604—Hydroxides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2251/00—Reactants
  • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
  • B01D2251/606—Carbonates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
  • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
  • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
  • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
  • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
  • B01D2258/0291—Flue gases from waste incineration plants
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
  • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
  • B01D53/60—Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
  • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
  • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
  • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
  • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
  • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a nozzle lance for exhaust gas treatment according to the preamble of claim 1, a use of a nozzle lance, a combustion plant according to the preamble of claim 11, a method for exhaust gas treatment according to the preamble of claim 15 and a use of measuring devices and / or Thermometers in an incinerator.
• the term “nozzle lance” is preferably to be understood to mean a device by means of which, in particular for exhaust gas treatment, a fluid can be supplied to an exhaust gas space, preferably wherein the fluid is sprayed or atomized into the exhaust gas space or as an aerosol or spray the exhaust gas is released.
• the nozzle lance preferably penetrates a wall of the exhaust gas space, in particular horizontally.
• Such nozzle lances are preferably used for exhaust gas treatment in larger combustion plants, in particular large combustion plants.
• a "incinerator” or “large-scale incineration plant” in the sense of the vorlie invention is preferably a particularly stationary system for the combustion of any substances preferably on a large scale, for.
• exhaust gas treatment preferably denotes the treatment or purification of exhaust gases, in particular in combustion plants.
• exhaust gas treatment can change or influence the (chemical) composition of the exhaust gas.
• chemical compounds can be converted into other chemical compounds by chemical reactions and certain chemical compounds can thus be (at least partially) removed from the exhaust gas.
• exhaust gases with a large number of, in particular toxic, pollutants are generated during combustion, which make cleaning of the exhaust gases necessary.
• the permitted amount of pollutants in the exhaust gas is legally regulated in many countries. B. by the Federal Immission Control Act or the regulation implementing the Federal Immission Control Act.
• Pollutants in the sense of the present invention are in particular nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides.
• the term “exhaust gas treatment” is preferably to be understood as an exhaust gas purification, particularly preferably a flue gas denitrification and / or flue gas desulfurization.
• nitrogen oxides NO x are at least partially removed from the exhaust gas or flue gas which is produced during combustion.
• sulfur-containing compounds or sulfur oxides in particular SO 2 and / or SO 3 , are at least partially removed from the exhaust gas or flue gas that is produced during combustion.
• nitrogen oxides can be removed from the exhaust gas by a chemical reaction.
• ammonia NH 3
• an ammonia solution in which ammonia is dissolved in water By adding ammonia (NH 3 ) or an ammonia solution in which ammonia is dissolved in water to the nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust gas, the nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas can react with oxygen and the ammonia solution, so that nitrogen (N 2 ) and water (H 2 O) arise.
• a urea solution instead of an ammonia solution for denitrification.
• sulfur oxides can be removed from a sulfur oxide-containing exhaust gas by means of a chemical reaction by adding calcium oxide or calcium carbonate, in particular dissolved in water.
• an active fluid - that is, a fluid with an active ingredient such as ammonia or urea or a calcium-containing compound - is injected or atomized into the exhaust gas according to the present invention.
• the present invention is explained below primarily in connection with flue gas denitrification as a preferred example of exhaust gas treatment. However, the present invention is also suitable in an analogous manner for sulfurization flue gas.
• the term "atomization" preferably denotes the conversion of one or more fluids into a spray or an aerosol. The atomization is preferably carried out through a nozzle, in particular wherein a nozzle is a component with a along the Flow direction of the fluid changing, in particular reducing, cross section is.
• injection The dispensing of the spray or fluid from the nozzle lance and / or into an exhaust gas space is also sometimes referred to below as “injection”.
• injection and “dispensing” or terms equivalent thereto are synonymous with one another and are preferably interchangeable.
• the active fluid to be atomized is preferably liquid and is atomized by means of compressed gas.
• a spray or aerosol is thus formed with a large number of droplets of the atomizing liquid fluid or active fluid or is discharged into the exhaust gas.
• a premixed ammonia solution or other suitable liquid is supplied to the exhaust gas by means of nozzle lances for exhaust gas purification or flue gas denitrification.
• the incinerators have a tank for the ammonia solution as the active fluid and a tank for an admixing fluid, for example water.
• an admixing fluid for example water.
• the active fluid and the admixing fluid are mixed in a desired ratio, so that a fluid mixture with a certain concentration of the ammonia contained in the active fluid is formed as the active ingredient.
• This fluid mixture is then fed to the nozzle lances via a common supply line. This does not enable optimal exhaust gas treatment, especially with regard to the increasing requirements or lower limit values.
• DE 10 2008 036 009 A1 discloses a device for the denitrification of smoke gases with injection lances for blowing ammonia water or fluorine into an interior of a steam generator.
• the injection lances are arranged in different levels, and all injection lances have a check valve.
• the check valves can be individually controlled by a central control unit.
• a lance is known from DE 103 59 150 A1 in which liquid fluorine is mixed with a carrier gas in a mixing zone before it is metered into an exhaust gas stream.
• US 2005/0002841 A1 discloses an injection system for exhaust gas treatment, where the system has a plurality of coaxially arranged lines. An active fluid to be atomized is passed through one of the lines and, after exiting the line, is atomized with a gas supplied through another line.
• DE 10 2012 1 10 962 A1 discloses a multi-component nozzle for injecting a reactant into a combustion chamber.
• the nozzle has three coaxially arranged tubes for the reactant, a blowing agent and a coating agent.
• the reactant and the blowing agent are atomized at the outlet of the nozzle.
• the arrangement of the lines is intended to ensure that the atomized reaction and blowing agent is enveloped by the enveloping agent after it emerges from the nozzle.
• a three-fluid atomizer is known from US Pat. No. 5,484,107.
• the atomizer has three feed lines for different fluids.
• two fluids, in particular liquids are first brought together before they enter a mixing chamber and are mixed there with the third fluid, preferably a gas.
• the fluid mixture is then sprayed through one or more nozzle openings of a nozzle head.
• a spray lance for spraying an NFI 4 CI solution into a flue gas line is known from EP 2 463 015 A1.
• the spray lance has a double tube structure, in which an inner tube for the NFI 4 CI solution is surrounded by an outer tube for air supply.
• EP 2 463 015 A1 discloses a method in which the flow rate of the flue gas is measured and the flow rate of the sprayed NFI 4 CI solution is adapted as a function thereof.
• a NO x concentration measuring device is also provided on a wet desulphurization device downstream of the flue gas line, the measured values of which are taken into account when controlling the spray lance.
• the treatment medium which consists of an active substance and a carrier medium (eg water), is introduced into a flow chamber through which the flue gas flows by means of several spray lances.
• the volume flow of the introduced treatment medium is kept constant, but the proportion of the active substance can be adapted to the temperature and the flow rate of the flue gas. If the measured temperature is outside a certain The lances are deactivated so that no treatment medium is sprayed.
• EP 2 962 743 A1 discloses a method for controlling NO x emissions from a boiler by means of SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction).
• the boiler has sensors for (indirect) determination of a NO x concentration of a combustion gas, for example a temperature sensor or an acoustic sensor.
• the mass flow of a sprayed reagent e.g. urea or ammonia
• a higher mass flow is set at a higher temperature and a lower mass flow is set at a lower temperature.
• DE 39 35 400 C1 discloses a method for introducing a treatment medium into the exhaust gas stream in combustion processes.
• the delivery rate of the treatment medium is set, which is intended for introduction into a combustion chamber.
• the regulation takes place depending on the NO x concentration in the flue gas of a flue gas extractor or depending on the exhaust gas volume flow.
• DE 41 30 348 A1 a method for injecting liquids or gases into the flue gas stream of a steam generator fired with fossil fuel by several lances is known.
• the lances are each provided with a temperature measuring device, each of which is connected to a shut-off valve of the lances.
• the NO x content of the flue gas is measured continuously.
• the required amount of reducing agent is injected via the lances using the control valve.
• the shut-off valves are controlled by the temperature measuring devices in such a way that the reducing agent is only injected in an optimal temperature zone.
• the present invention has for its object to enable an optimized exhaust gas treatment.
• a proposed nozzle lance serves to atomize an active fluid by means of compressed gas for the exhaust gas treatment, in particular in an incineration plant.
• the nozzle lance has a plurality of feed lines and a nozzle head which is arranged at an axial end of the nozzle lance.
• the nozzle head has or forms three nozzles, the main dispensing directions of a first and second of the three nozzles lying in a common plane and the main dispensing direction of a third of the three nozzles being inclined to this plane.
• the area sprayed by the nozzle lance is enlarged in comparison to a nozzle lance or a nozzle head with only one nozzle and thus enables efficient or effective exhaust gas treatment.
• the nozzle head has or forms at least two nozzles, the nozzles each having or forming their own feed for supplying the compressed gas to the active fluid within the nozzles.
• this increases the area sprayed by the nozzle lance and, on the other hand, ensures optimal spraying.
• the third nozzle is preferably arranged centrally or symmetrically between the first and the second nozzle. This is an optimal or uniform distribution of the active fluid in the area sprayed by the nozzle lance.
• the main discharge directions of the nozzles preferably run obliquely or at an acute angle to a longitudinal axis of the nozzle lance, in particular wherein the main discharge directions of the nozzles intersect the longitudinal axis of the nozzle lance. This is conducive to an optimal distribution of the atomizing active fluid.
• the angle of the main dispensing direction to the longitudinal axis of the nozzle lance is preferably at least 8 °, particularly preferably at least 11 °, and / or at most 20 °, particularly preferably at most 15 °. It has been shown that the best compromise between a large area sprayed by the nozzle lance and the avoidance of directly spraying walls of an exhaust gas chamber with active fluid is achieved in this range of values.
• the nozzles preferably form outlets of a common atomization area or are fluidically connected to a common atomization area, in particular so that when the nozzle lance is operated by the three nozzles, the same thing in each case Fluid mixture emerges or is atomized. This is conducive to simple control or regulation of the nozzle lance.
• the nozzle lance preferably has three feed lines and / or the admixing fluid can be added to the active fluid in the nozzle lance.
• the nozzle lance is preferably designed so that the active fluid is mixed with the admixing fluid within the nozzle lance and / or shortly before the spraying or injection of the fluid mixture of active fluid and admixing fluid.
• a very short dead time for adapting the mixing ratio of admixing fluid and active fluid to a change in the conditions in the exhaust gas space, for example a changed temperature and / or pollutant concentration, is made possible by mixing immediately before atomization.
• the present invention relates to the use of a nozzle lance for exhaust gas treatment in an incineration plant.
• a proposed combustion system in particular large combustion plant, has several nozzle lances assigned to a common exhaust gas chamber for atomizing an active fluid by means of compressed gas for the exhaust gas treatment.
• the nozzle lances spray the active fluid into a common exhaust gas chamber when the combustion system is operating.
• one or more nozzle lances of the combustion system each have three nozzles, the main discharge directions of two of the three nozzles being perpendicular to a main flow direction of the exhaust gas and a main discharge direction of a third of the three nozzles being oblique to the main flow direction of the exhaust gas.
• the fluff discharge directions of two of the three nozzles run horizontally and the fluff discharge direction of the third nozzle points obliquely downwards with respect to the vertical.
• the exhaust gas space has an angular cross section, at least one nozzle lance being arranged in a corner of the exhaust gas space and running obliquely to wall sections of the exhaust gas space adjoining the corner. This contributes to a reduction in the dead space volume and efficient exhaust gas treatment.
• the incinerator preferably has at least one measuring device for determining a pollutant concentration in the exhaust gas.
• This measuring device is particularly preferably a lambda probe. This enables the atomized active fluid to be adapted to the pollutant concentration in the exhaust gas or an efficient exhaust gas treatment or exhaust gas purification.
• the combustion system according to the proposal preferably has fluidically separated supply lines for the admixing fluid and the active fluid, in particular where the admixed fluid can be admixed with the active fluid immediately before or in the nozzle lance.
• the admixed fluid can be admixed with the active fluid immediately before or in the nozzle lance.
• the proposed combustion system has a control system with which the inflows of the active fluid, admixing fluid and / or compressed gas for individual nozzle lances and / or nozzle lance groups (i.e. several nozzle lances) can be set independently of other nozzle lances.
• nozzle lance groups i.e. several nozzle lances
• the present invention relates to a combustion system with an exhaust gas chamber and a plurality of nozzles or nozzle lances for injecting a fluid by means of compressed gas for the exhaust gas treatment.
• the combustion system has a control system for controlling the exhaust gas treatment and (at least) a thermometer for measuring a temperature in the exhaust gas space and / or (at least) a measuring device for determining a pollutant concentration in the exhaust gas space.
• the control system is preferably designed to control the exhaust gas or the injection or mixing of the fluid as a function of that measured by the thermometer To control temperature and / or the pollutant concentration determined by means of the measuring device.
• the incineration plant or the control system is designed for this, on the basis of or in dependence on or on the basis of the temperature, and / or the pollutant concentration determined by means of the measuring device, in particular the amount and / or concentration of the active fluid and / or adjust or control the active ingredient.
• the incinerator and / or the control system are designed to determine the mixing ratio between active fluid and admixing fluid and / or the concentration or (absolute) amount of the active ingredient in the atomized fluid mixture as a function of the measured temperature and / or that determined by means of the measuring device Adjust, control or regulate the pollutant concentration.
• the combustion system has a plurality of thermometers and / or measuring devices for determining a pollutant concentration and / or the combustion system is designed to measure the temperature and / or pollutant concentration in various areas, such as sectors and / or levels, of the exhaust gas chamber , in particular independently of one another.
• This enables a particularly precise adjustment of the injected fluid to the conditions prevailing in the exhaust gas space, in particular if the amount and / or concentration of the active ingredient introduced by the fluid is independently controlled or adjusted accordingly in the areas, so that a particularly effective tive and efficient emission control is made possible.
• the incinerator is preferably designed to reduce the amount or concentration of the active substance in the atomized or discharged fluid or fluid mixture in less than five seconds, preferably less than one second, in particular less than 0.1 s, particularly preferably less than 0.01 s, i.e. with a very short dead time, to change or adapt after measuring the temperature and / or the pollutant concentration. It can therefore be a particularly quick adjustment and thus a very efficient and effective emission control.
• the present invention relates to a method for exhaust gas treatment, wherein a fluid is injected by means of compressed gas through a plurality of nozzles or nozzle lances into a common exhaust gas chamber of an incineration plant.
• a temperature and / or a pollutant concentration in the exhaust gas space is preferably measured and an amount or concentration of the active ingredient in the atomized fluid or fluid mixture is set or controlled as a function of the measured temperature and / or pollutant concentration.
• the total amount or the volume flow of the atomized fluid, the mixing ratio between active fluid and admixing fluid and / or the pressure of the compressed gas are preferably varied continuously, in particular in a temperature range of the exhaust gas between 850 ° C. and 1,150 ° C. This enables optimized exhaust gas treatment.
• the dead time in the variation is preferably less than 5 s, preferably less than 1 s, in particular less than 0.1 s, particularly preferably less than 0.01 s. This is conducive to efficient or effective exhaust gas treatment.
• the present invention relates to the use of one or more measuring devices and / or thermometers for determining a pollutant concentration, a temperature, a flow rate and / or a volume flow in an exhaust gas treatment in the exhaust gas space of an incineration system, with one or more nozzle lances an active ingredient is injected into the exhaust gas space, and the injected amount of active ingredient with a dead time of less than 5 s, preferably less than 1 s, in particular less than 0.1 s, particularly preferably less than 0.01 s, is adapted to the measured values measured with the measuring devices or is controlled or regulated as a function of these measured values. This is conducive to optimized exhaust gas treatment.
• the active fluid and the admixing fluid are preferably fed separately to the nozzle lances, the admixing fluid being admixed with the active fluid in or immediately before the nozzles. It is thus possible in particular to adjust or adapt the admixture locally or individually for a single or each nozzle lance. Accordingly, this enables optimized exhaust gas treatment or exhaust gas purification.
• the flows of the admixing fluid, active fluid and / or compressed gas are used for one or more Nozzle lances set independently of other nozzle lances.
• the amount or concentration of the active ingredient is preferably adjusted as a function of temperature, in particular as the temperature rises. However, it preferably does so (only) in a (first) temperature range, preferably between approximately 800 ° C. and approximately 980 ° C. In particular, the injection of excess active ingredient and thus contamination of the combustion system or the exhaust gas space can be avoided.
• the amount or concentration of the active ingredient can be kept at least substantially constant with increasing temperature. This is preferably done in a second temperature range, which is in particular different from the first temperature range and / or does not overlap with the first temperature range or adjoins the first temperature range.
• the second temperature range preferably ranges from approximately 980 ° C. to approximately 1,040 ° C. This enables optimized exhaust gas treatment.
• the amount or concentration of the injected active ingredient is reduced when a limit temperature is reached or exceeded. It is also possible that no active ingredient is injected when the limit temperature is reached or exceeded.
• the limit temperature is preferably at least about 980 ° C., preferably at least about 1,000 ° C., particularly preferably at least about 1,040 ° C. In this way it can be prevented that the active ingredient burns or oxidizes and leads to an increased emission of pollutants from the incineration plant instead of a reduction in pollutant emissions. It can be advantageous if the total amount of the fluids supplied to the nozzles or nozzle lances or the volume flow of the atomized fluid or fluid mixture is kept at least substantially constant.
• the total amount of the fluids supplied to the nozzles or nozzle lances or the volume flow of the atomized fluid or fluid mixture is preferably independent of the measured temperature and / or independent of the mixing ratio between admixing fluid and active fluid or independent of the amount or concentration of the active ingredient. This is conducive to optimized exhaust gas treatment.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a proposed combustion plant
• Figure 2 is a schematic section through an exhaust chamber of the combus tion system in a plane with nozzle lances.
• Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a proposed combustion system according to another embodiment
• Fig. 4 is a schematic section through the exhaust chamber of the combustion system from Fig. 3;
• FIG. 5 shows a section through an exhaust gas chamber according to a further embodiment
• FIG. 6 shows a schematic section of a proposed nozzle lance according to a first embodiment
• FIG. 7 shows a schematic section of a proposed nozzle lance according to a second embodiment
• FIG. 8 shows a schematic section of a proposed nozzle lance according to a third and fourth embodiment
• Fig. 9 is a plan view of an axial end of the nozzle lance according to the fourth
• FIG. 11 shows a further schematic section through the exhaust gas chamber of an incinerator according to the invention
• FIG. 12 shows a schematic illustration of the dependence of the concentration of an active ingredient on a measured temperature.
• the combustion system 1 shows a proposed combustion system 1 with a number of proposed nozzle lances 2.
• the combustion system 1 is preferably a large-scale combustion system.
• the nozzle lances 2 are assigned to a preferably common exhaust gas space 3 of the combustion system 1.
• the combustion system 1 can also have a plurality of, in particular structurally separate, exhaust gas spaces 3.
• the combustion system 1 or the exhaust gas chamber 3 or each exhaust gas chamber 3 preferably has a chimney (not shown).
• the chimney preferably forms part, section or region of the exhaust gas space 3.
• the nozzle lances 2 are preferably arranged in different, in particular horizontal, planes E of the exhaust gas chamber 3, which extends or is common in particular vertically.
• the nozzle lances 2 arranged in a common plane E preferably form a nozzle lance group or each floor or plane E has a nozzle lance group.
• Each plane E or nozzle lance group preferably has more than two or three and / or less than ten or eight nozzle lances 2.
• each level E can have any number of nozzle lances 2, that is to say also more than ten nozzle lances 2. It is also possible for different planes E or nozzle lance groups to have different numbers of nozzle lances 2.
• the combustion system 1 preferably has a plurality of tanks 4 or other supply devices for an active fluid 5, an admixing fluid 6 and a compressed gas 7. A group of tanks 4 can also be assigned to each exhaust gas chamber 3.
• the active fluid 5 is preferably a liquid, in particular an ammonia solution, urea solution or other liquid.
• the active fluid 5 particularly preferably has an active substance, such as ammonia, urea or the like, which is particularly suitable or provided for the treatment or purification of exhaust gas A.
• the admixing fluid 6 is preferably a liquid, in particular water.
• the admixing fluid 6 is mixed with the active fluid 5 as required.
• Compressed air or steam or steam is preferably used as the compressed gas 7.
• the combustion system 1 preferably has one or more compressors for generating the compressed gas 7 or the compressed air (likewise not shown in the figures).
• the combustion system 1 preferably has separate supply lines 8 in order to supply the nozzle lances 2 or groups of nozzle lances with the active fluid 5, the admixing fluid 6 and the compressed gas 7, in particular in order to fluidly connect the tanks 4 to the nozzle lances 2.
• the combustion system 1 has a supply line 8A for the active fluid 5, a supply line 8B for the admixing fluid 6 and a supply line 8C for the compressed gas 7. Further supply lines can also be provided.
• Each of the supply lines 8A, 8B, 8C is preferably a supply line 8.
• the combustion system 1 preferably has one or more pumps (not shown in the figures) with which the active fluid 5 and / or the admixing fluid 6 can be pumped from the tanks 4 or other supply facilities through the supply lines 8 to the nozzle lances 2.
• Each nozzle lance 2 or nozzle lance group can preferably be supplied with the active fluid 5, admixing fluid 6 and compressed gas 7 via the three supply lines 8A, 8B and 8C and / or feed lines 9, in particular correspondingly separate feed lines 9A, 9B and 9C.
• Each of the feed lines 9A, 9B, 9C is preferably a feed line 9.
• Each nozzle lance 2 or nozzle lance group particularly preferably has separate feed lines 9A, 9B and 9C for supplying or supplying the active fluid 5, admixing fluid 6 and compressed gas 7.
• the leads 9 are only indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2 and are shown more clearly in FIGS. 6 and 7, which will be explained later.
• the inflows of active fluid 5, admixing fluid 6 and / or compressed gas are preferably
• valves 7 for the individual nozzle lances 2 or nozzle lance groups can be adjusted or controlled, adapted, metered or regulated by means of the valves 10.
• the term "adjustable” is used for simplification, even if this can in particular only comprise a one-time setting or adjustment, but this is also intended to include (continuous) control and possibly rules.
• valves 10 are assigned to the supply lines 8, in particular in order to enable individual adjustment.
• Each supply line 8 or feed line 9 preferably has a valve 10.
• each supply line 8A and 8B or feed line 9A and 9B for the active fluid 5 and admixing fluid 6 and / or each nozzle lance 2 or at least each nozzle lance group is assigned an independently adjustable or controllable valve 10.
• the same preferably also applies to the third supply line 8C or feed line 9C for the compressed gas 7, as indicated schematically in FIG. 1.
• 2 shows a schematic horizontal section of the exhaust gas space 3 in one floor or level E with a plurality of nozzle lances 2, that is to say with one nozzle lance group.
• the preferred supply of the nozzle lance 2 or Düsenlan zenen via the supply lines 8 with the active fluid 5, admixing fluid 6 and compressed gas 7 is also indicated.
• the combustion system 1 preferably has first valves 10A and / or second valves 10B and optional third valves 10C.
• Each of the valves 10A, 10B, 10C is preferably a valve 10.
• the first valves 10A are each preferably assigned to a nozzle lance 2.
• the first valves 10A are preferably arranged in, on or immediately upstream of the respective nozzle lance 2.
• first valve 10A in the corresponding supply line 8A or supply line 9A or at its transition and a further first valve 10A in the supply line 8B or supply line 9B or its transition and optionally an additional first Valve 10A (in particular in the form of a pressure regulator or reducing valve) is arranged in the supply line 8C or supply line 9C or the transition thereof.
• the inflows of the fluids 5, 6 and / or the compressed gas 7 for individual nozzle lance 2 and / or nozzle lance groups, particularly preferably independently of other nozzle lances 2, can preferably be adjusted or metered by the valves 10A.
• the valves 10A can be arranged in or immediately in front of the nozzle lance 2. In particular, the valves 10A are arranged less than 50 cm or 100 cm from the nozzle lance 2.
• the alternatively or additionally provided second valves 10B are preferably assigned to the different floors or levels E or nozzle lance groups or related supply rings.
• a second valve 10B in the corresponding supply line 8A or supply line 9A or at their transition and a further second valve 10B in the supply line 8B or feed line 9B or their transition and optionally an additional second valve 10B (in particular in the form of a pressure regulator or reducing valve) in the supply line 8C or feed line 9C or their transition arranged.
• the inflows of the fluids 5, 6 and / or the pressurized gas 7 for each level E or nozzle lance group can preferably be adjusted or metered separately or individually, that is to say in particular in levels or in groups, through the valves 10B.
• the third valves 10C are optionally provided and are preferably arranged upstream of risers or immediately after or in the vicinity of the tanks 4.
• the valves 10 are preferably electronically or otherwise adjustable, controllable or regulatable.
• the valves 10 assigned to the first and second supply lines 8A and 8B or feed lines 9A and 9B are preferably designed as ball valves or ball control valves. Additionally or alternatively, it can also be check valves or valves with a check function.
• valves 10 assigned to the third supply lines 8C or feed lines 9C for the compressed gas 7 are preferably designed as pressure reducers and / or pressure regulating valves for setting, controlling or regulating the pressure of the compressed gas 7.
• the other valves 10 are preferably designed for setting, controlling or regulating or throttling the fluid flow, particularly preferably the liquid flows or the volume flow or mass flow. Accordingly, the volume flow or mass flow of the active fluid 5 and admixing fluid 6, which is supplied to the individual nozzle lances 2 or nozzle lance groups, can be individually set, controlled or regulated according to the proposal.
• the inflows and / or pressures, in particular of the active fluid 5, the admixing fluid 6 and / or the compressed gas 7, can be optimally adapted for the exhaust gas purification by the valves 10.
• particularly efficient and / or material-saving and therefore inexpensive exhaust gas purification can be achieved.
• waste of active ingredient is prevented by adding unnecessarily high amounts of active ingredient.
• various valves 10 of the incinerator 1 can be designed differently.
• the exhaust gas chamber 3 is preferably delimited by a wall 11 and / or is located on the inside of the wall 11.
• Exhaust chamber 3 or wall 11 can, as shown in FIG. 2, have a round, in particular circular or elliptical, cross section in plane E.
• an incinerator 1 is shown schematically according to another embodiment.
• the exhaust gas chamber 3 is delimited here by a wall 11 and an intermediate wall 11A. Between the intermediate wall 11A and the wall 1 1 or an upper or roof-like section of the wall 1 1, a passage is formed through which the exhaust gas A can leave the exhaust gas space 3.
• the discharge duct 3A Downstream of the exhaust gas space 3 there is preferably a discharge duct 3A for the exhaust gas A.
• the discharge duct 3A is preferably separated from the exhaust gas space 3 by the intermediate wall 1 1A and / or is fluidly connected to the exhaust gas space 3 through the passage formed between the wall 11 and the intermediate wall 11A.
• the exhaust gas chamber 3 is preferably essentially formed by the wall 11 and the intermediate wall 11A, or is surrounded or delimited by these. In particular, the exhaust gas space 3 is not a completely closed space.
• the discharge duct 3A preferably adjoins the exhaust gas space 3 directly.
• the discharge duct 3A is preferably arranged downstream of the exhaust gas space 3.
• the discharge duct 3A preferably opens into a (not shown) chimney of the combustion system 1, through which the exhaust gas A can leave the combustion system 1.
• Further devices, in particular for extracting energy from the exhaust gas A such as one or more heat exchangers, heat stores, turbines or the like, are preferably arranged along the discharge duct 3A or between the exhaust gas chamber 3 and the chimney.
• FIG. 4 shows a section through the exhaust gas chamber 3 similar to Fig. 2, here only the exhaust gas chamber 3 is shown with the nozzle lances 2 and the other elements from Fig. 2, such as the valves 10 and supply lines 8, the over are omitted for the sake of clarity.
• the nozzle lances 2 are each arranged on the long sides of the rectangular exhaust gas chamber 3.
• a plane E has six nozzle lances 2.
• Such a configuration is frequently found, for example, in older combustion systems 1.
• Such combustion systems 1 can be retrofitted with nozzle lances 2 described in more detail below, so that improved exhaust gas treatment or gas cleaning is also possible in older combustion systems 1.
• the old nozzle lances 2 are preferably replaced by new nozzle lances 2 which have been improved in accordance with the present proposal.
• FIG. 5 it is provided that one or more nozzle lances 2 are arranged in one or more corners of the exhaust gas chamber 3 or the wall 11.
• the nozzle lance (s) 2 preferably runs obliquely to wall sections of the gas space 3 adjoining the corner.
• this allows the area sprayed by the nozzle lances 2 to be enlarged or the dead space volume within the exhaust gas space 3 to be reduced.
• the term “dead space volume” denotes the area or volume into which or into which no fluid mixture released by the nozzle lances 2 reaches.
• the wall 11 is preferably designed to be heat-insulating, particularly preferred so that when the combustion system 1 is operating, the temperature on the outside of the wall 11 is significantly lower than on the inside of the wall 11 or in the exhaust gas space 3.
• the temperature T in the exhaust gas space 3 are several 100 ° C to over 1000 ° C and / or the temperature on the outside of the wall 11 or outside the exhaust gas chamber 3 is preferably less than 50 ° C or 30 ° C.
• the nozzle lances 2 can also be provided with thermal insulation, the nozzle lances 2, in particular so that the temperature in the nozzle lance 2 is less than 50 ° C or 30 ° C.
• the nozzle lances 2 are preferably arranged at least substantially in or within the wall 11 and / or the nozzle lances 2 protrude into the exhaust gas chamber 3.
• the nozzle lances 2 preferably run obliquely or transversely, particularly preferably at least substantially at right angles, to the wall 11. In contrast to the illustration in the figures, however, it may also be particularly preferred that the nozzles 2 do not lance at a right angle, but instead "Tangential" or at an acute angle to the wall 11 or parallel to the wall 11. Alternatively or additionally, the nozzle lances 2 can be oriented horizontally or inclined to the horizontal, in particular so that the nozzles 13 of the nozzle lances 2 point obliquely upwards or downwards. In particular, the nozzle lance 2 is elongated and / or tubular. The nozzle lance 2 preferably has an axis of symmetry or longitudinal axis L.
• the nozzle lance 2 preferably has a nozzle head 12.
• the nozzle head 12 is preferably arranged at an axial end of the nozzle lance 2 which projects into the exhaust gas space 3.
• the nozzle head 12 is preferably arranged straight on the nozzle lance 2, but can also be arranged obliquely or transversely, in particular at right angles to the nozzle lance 2.
• the nozzle head 12 has at least one nozzle 13 or nozzle opening 13A (shown in FIGS. 6 and 7) in order to generate or deliver an aerosol or spray S from the active fluid 5 with optionally admixed admixing fluid 6, as schematically indicated.
• the main dispensing direction H of the nozzle 13 preferably runs straight or in the longitudinal axis L or obliquely thereto.
• the main dispensing direction H of the nozzle 13 is preferably a central axis of the area sprayed by the nozzle 13 or the spray S.
• the nozzle lance 2 or the nozzle head 12 can protrude from the wall 11 and / or protrude into the exhaust gas space 3.
• the length of the nozzle lance 2 is preferably more than 30 cm or 40 cm, particularly preferably 60 cm or more, and / or less than 140 cm or 120 cm, particularly preferably less than 100 cm or 80 cm.
• the length of the portion of the nozzle lance 2 and / or the nozzle head 12 protruding into the exhaust gas space 3 or projecting out of the wall 11 along the longitudinal axis L is preferably more than 10 cm or 20 cm and / or less than 40 cm or 30 cm. However, it is also possible that the nozzle lance 2 or the nozzle head 12 protrudes only less than 10 cm or not at all from the wall 11 or the length of the section projecting from the wall 11 is less than 10 cm or 0 cm.
• the nozzle lances 2 - in particular a group or plane E - can be arranged on different, in particular opposite, sides of the exhaust gas chamber 3. In particular, the (cross-sectional) area sprayed by the nozzle lances 2 can be as large as possible and / or sprayed as homogeneously as possible.
• Fig. 6 shows a section of the proposed nozzle lance 2 along the longitudinal axis L according to a first embodiment.
• the nozzle lance 2 is preferably designed for atomizing the active fluid 5 and, optionally, mixed admixing fluid 6 by means of compressed gas 7. 6, the fluids 5, 6 and the pressurized gas 7 are not shown, but the aerosol or spray S produced is indicated.
• the nozzle lance 2 is used for exhaust gas treatment, very particularly before exhaust gas cleaning and / or flue gas denitrification or flue gas desulfurization, in particular in combustion plants 1.
• the nozzle lance 2 has the three feed lines 9, in particular thus the feed line 9A for the active fluid 5, the feed line 9B for the admixing fluid 6 and the feed line 9C for the compressed gas 7.
• the feed lines 9 preferably run along and / or parallel to the longitudinal axis L in the nozzle lance 2.
• the feed lines 9, in particular the feed lines 9A, 9B, can be arranged or run next to one another, in particular parallel and / or spaced apart from the longitudinal axis L, and / or coaxially to one another.
• the nozzle lance 2 is preferably designed such that the active fluid 5 in the nozzle lance 2 can be admixed with the admixing fluid 6.
• the feed line 9A and / or the feed line 9B preferably run inside the pressurized gas feed line 9C, in particular such that the feed lines 9A, 9B are inner feed lines 9 and / or the pressurized gas feed line 9C is an outer feed line 9.
• the compressed gas feed line 9C therefore preferably surrounds the further feed lines 9.
• the nozzle lance 2 can have an outer line or an outer tube which surrounds or forms the feed lines 9, in particular the compressed gas feed line 9C.
• the outer line can be designed to lance the nozzle lance 2 or parts of the nozzle lance 2 arranged within the outer line from damage, e.g. B. to protect by mechanical influences, exposure to flashes and / or fluid.
• the outer line can also be designed as a guide for the nozzle lance 2.
• the nozzle lance 2 preferably has an admixing area 14.
• the admixing area 14 is preferably arranged centrally or centrally in the admixing part 15 and / or to the longitudinal axis L.
• the admixing area 14 is preferably formed by a space or area formed or arranged in particular completely within the nozzle lance 2.
• the first feed line 9A and the second feed line 9B preferably open into the admixing area 14 or the first feed line 9A and the second feed line 9B end in the admixing area 14.
• the admixing area 14 is preferably downstream or at an outlet-side end of the feed line (s) 9A and / or 9B arranged or ge forms.
• the admixing area 14 preferably has a larger (flow) cross section than the first feed line 9A and / or the second feed line 9B.
• the first feed line 9A and the second feed line 9B are preferably fluidly connected to one another in or through the admixing region 14.
• the third feed line 9C is preferably not directly connected to the admixing area 14.
• the admixing area 14 preferably serves for the optional admixing of the admixing fluid 6 to the active fluid 5.
• a (liquid) fluid mixture of the active fluid 5 and admixing fluid 6 can be produced or produced in the admixing area 14.
• the fluid mixture thus preferably has the active fluid 5 and / or the admixing fluid 6.
• the admixing area 14 is preferably arranged or formed upstream of the nozzle head 12 and / or the nozzle 13 and / or a spraying area 18, in particular shortly or immediately in front of it.
• the admixing region 14 is preferably spaced apart from the lance end or the nozzle 13 or nozzle opening 13A and / or is arranged entirely within the nozzle lance 2.
• the distance between the admixing area 14 and the nozzle 13 and / or nozzle opening 13A of the nozzle lance 2 is preferably at most a few centimeters.
• the distance between the admixing area 14 and that of the nozzle 13 or nozzle opening 13A is particularly preferably as small as possible, for example approximately 1 cm.
• the active fluid 5 and the admixing fluid 6 are preferably mixed together by swirling and / or merging to form a stream, a static mixer optionally being used or formed.
• the admixing fluid 6 is preferably mixed radially with the active fluid 5 or vice versa.
• the (liquid) fluid mixture of the active fluid 5 and the admixing fluid 6 is preferably not sprayed or atomized in the admixing area 14.
• the concentration of the active ingredient in the fluid mixture can be adjusted or changed, in particular reduced, particularly preferably by the admixing.
• the admixing fluid 6 may contain another active ingredient and for the ratio of the two active ingredients to be influenced accordingly, depending on the ratio of the mixture of the fluids 5 and 6.
• the admixing area 14 or the optional admixing of the admixing fluid 6 in or directly in front of the nozzle lance 2 can achieve that as precisely as possible the desired amounts of active fluid 5 and admixing fluid 6 are sprayed under, in particular, optional pressure conditions of the compressed gas 7.
• a separate setting or control of each nozzle lance 2 is possible.
• the fluids 5 and 6 are preferably mixed with one another in the admixing region 14 and only then, ie somewhat downstream, is the compressed gas 7 added.
• the (complete) mixing of the fluid mixture preferably also takes place / only during the atomization.
• the admixing area 14 preferably adjoins the nozzle head 12 and / or the admixing area 14 extends, at least partially, into the nozzle head 12.
• the nozzle lance 2 preferably has an admixing part 15.
• the admixing part 15 preferably forms or has the admixing area 14.
• the admixing part 15 preferably also partially forms or has the feed lines 9A and 9B.
• the nozzle lance 2 preferably has two pipes 16A and 16B which form the feed lines 9A and 9B.
• the pipes 16A, 16B are preferably connected to the admixing part 15 on the outlet side.
• the pipes 16A and 16B are connected or connectable to the supply lines 8A and 8B or first valves 10A.
• the tubes 16A, 16B are preferably inserted or welded into the admixing part 15, in particular so that tight fluidic connections are produced in each case.
• the feed lines 9A and 9B or the pipes 16A and 16B with openings 17A, 17B preferably open into the admixing area 14 or into the admixing part 15.
• Optional channels 15A of the admixing part 15 can then conduct the fluids 5 and 6 into the admixing area 14.
• the admixing part 15 is preferably formed by a component which is inserted or can be used in the nozzle lance 2 and which is optionally removable or exchangeable, for example for adapting flow resistances or mixing properties.
• the admixing part 15 can be inserted into the nozzle head 12, screwed to the nozzle head 12 and / or form a structural unit with the nozzle head 12 or have or form the nozzle head 12.
• the admixing part 15 is preferably fluidly connected to the nozzle head 12 in a pressure-tight or tight manner.
• the nozzle lance 2 or the nozzle head 12 preferably has a spray region 18.
• the atomization region 18 is preferably fluidly connected - in particular directly or via an intermediate or swirl region 25 - to the admixing region 14 and / or to the compressed gas feed line 9C.
• the spraying area 18 in the depicted example is preferably arranged or formed in the nozzle body or head 12 and / or between the mixing area 14 / mixing part 15 and the nozzle opening 13A.
• the atomization region 18 can also be arranged or formed in the admixing part 15 or in another or separate component, such as a connecting part 20 (second embodiment according to FIG. 7).
• the supply or injection of compressed gas 7 into the atomization area 18 is preferably carried out via one or more bores or feeds 18A, as indicated in FIG. 6.
• the compressed gas feed line 9C is preferably fluidly connected to the atomization region 18 by means of the feeds 18.
• the feeds 18A run obliquely to the longitudinal axis L and / or from the outside inwards or radially.
• the feeds 18A are preferably arranged downstream of the admixing area 14.
• the atomization region 18 is preferably arranged downstream of the admixing region 14 and / or upstream of the nozzle 13 or nozzle opening 13A.
• the admixing area 14 and the third feed line or compressed gas feed line 9C are preferably fluidly connected to one another in or via the atomization area 18. More preferably, the atomization area 18 is only indirectly connected to, or connected to, the feed lines 9A, 9B, in particular by or via the admixing area 14.
• the pressurized gas 7 is preferably fed to the active fluid 5 or the fluid mixture in the atomization region 18, in particular through the feeds 18A, or mixed with it.
• the spraying area 18, the nozzle 13 and / or the nozzle head 12 are preferably arranged or formed downstream and / or on the outlet side of the mixing area 14, mixing part 15 and / or intermediate or swirling area 25.
• the nozzle head 12 has or forms a nozzle 13 or more nozzles 13.
• the nozzle head 12, the atomization area 18 and / or the nozzle 13 are thus designed to atomize the active fluid 5 or fluid mixture, in particular together with or through the compressed gas 7.
• the nozzle lance 2 is preferably designed in such a way that a pure mixing of the liquid active fluid 5 and the liquid admixing fluid 6 takes place in the admixing area 14 and only then or downstream of the compressed gas 7 (in the atomizing area 18) the fluid mixture of active fluid 5 and Additive fluid 6 leads and a liquid / gas mixture is formed, ie only then in the Verdüsungsbe rich 18 and / or later (optionally only or additionally in the nozzle 13) is atomized.
• the atomization into the exhaust gas space 3 is preferably carried out, particularly preferably at least essentially horizontally.
• the nozzle 13 is preferably designed to testify a cone-like spray S, in particular at least approximately in the form of a full cone or flea cone, so that areas above and / or below the spraying nozzles lance 2 are sprayed.
• the nozzle 13 it is also possible for the nozzle 13 to be designed to produce the spray S as a flat spray, so that the spray S is sprayed at least essentially into a preferably horizontal plane E.
• the spraying area 18 is preferably arranged centrally or centrally in the nozzle lance 2, in particular so that the spraying area 18 has or surrounds the longitudinal axis L.
• the atomization region 18 preferably has the nozzle 13.
• the cross section of the atomization region 18 or nozzle 13 preferably initially increases in the direction of the outlet or exhaust gas space 3 and then decreases again or vice versa.
• the atomization area 18 or the nozzle 13 therefore preferably has two adjoining areas, the cross section increasing in one area and decreasing in the other area.
• the nozzle 13 can be used as a Laval nozzle or the nozzle 13 is designed as a Laval nozzle.
• the nozzle lance 2 preferably has a single or exactly one nozzle 13 or opening 13A or an outlet, in particular the opening or the outlet being formed by the nozzle 13 or nozzle opening 13A.
• other solutions are also possible here, which will be discussed in more detail below.
• the feed lines 9A, 9B, 9C preferably do not form an outlet of the nozzle lance 2 or have no outlet via which a fluid guided through the feed lines 9A, 9B, 9C can leave the nozzle lance 2 directly or directly or unmixed.
• the nozzle lance 2 or the nozzle head 12 preferably has a holding part 19.
• the holding part 19 surrounds the nozzle head 12 at least substantially completely in the circumferential direction.
• the nozzle head 12 is, in particular, inserted into the holding part 19 in a fluid-tight manner or is screwed or welded to the latter.
• the nozzle lance 2 preferably has a (third) tube 16C which forms the feed line 9C and / or a sheath or an outer tube of the nozzle lance 2.
• the holding part 19 is preferably attached to the pipe 16C on the outlet side, in particular screwed or welded thereto.
• the pipe 16C On the inlet side, the pipe 16C is connected or connectable to the supply line 8C or a first valve 10A.
• Each of the tubes 16A, 16B, 16C is preferably a tube 16 of the nozzle lance 2.
• valves 10A assigned to the feed lines 9 and / or tubes 16 are preferably designed as control or regulating valves. Furthermore, it is also possible for the valves 10A to prevent a fluid 5, 6 from flowing back in the feed line 9 or the pipe 16.
• the feed lines 9, the admixing area 14, the channels 15A and / or the tubes 16 can be designed by their shape, dimensions and / or volumes to prevent backflow.
• the feed lines 9 run coaxially, in particular to the longitudinal axis L, so that a first feed line 9 surrounds a second feed line 9 and / or two feed lines 9 are arranged one inside the other.
• the feed line 9A is the first feed line 9 and the feed line 9B is the second feed line 9.
• the active fluid 5 is passed, in particular, through the feed line 9A arranged at the very inside, and / or the admixing fluid 6 is fed through the feed line 9B, which surrounds the feed line 9A.
• the feed lines 9, 9A, 9B are preferably fluidly connected to one another by mixing openings 17C in the wall of the inner feed line 9, 9A.
• the (inner) feed line 9, 9A can have the mixing openings 17C on several sides and / or on each side.
• the mixing openings 17C are preferably arranged only on an axial end section of the feed line 9, 9A which faces the mixing region 14, the intermediate part 15 and / or the nozzle head 12.
• the mixing region 14 has the mixing openings 17C.
• the nozzle lance 2 can have a connecting part 20 which is arranged in particular between the admixing part 15 and the nozzle head 12 or connects them to one another.
• the connecting part 20 can (also) form the admixing area 14.
• the connecting part 20 can be inserted into and / or welded into the admixing part 15 and / or the nozzle head 12, in particular so that a tight fluidic connection is created.
• connecting part 20 it is also possible for the connecting part 20 to be formed in one piece with the admixing part 15 and / or the nozzle head 12.
• the nozzle lance 2 has no holding part 19 in the second embodiment.
• the nozzle head 12 takes over the function of the holding part 19 and / or the nozzle head 12 has the holding part 19.
• the tube 16 is preferably connected to the nozzle head 12 on the outlet side.
• the tube 16C is preferably inserted into the nozzle head 12 or screwed or welded to it, in particular so that a tight fluidic connection is established.
• the optional intermediate or swirling region 25 can be arranged or formed between the admixing region 14 and the atomizing region 18, for example by means of an annular groove, shoulder, enlargement of the flow cross section, a mixing element and / or the like, to effect or (further) support the mixing of active fluid 5 and admixing fluid 6, particularly preferably by generating turbulence, eddies or the like. So who can achieve that the liquid fluid mixture of the two fluids 5 and 6 in the desired Is mixed or sufficiently mixed before the pressurized gas 7 is supplied or atomization and / or formation of a gas-liquid mixture takes place.
• a third and fourth embodiment of the nozzle lance 2 are shown schematically.
• the third and fourth embodiment differ from the previously described first and second embodiment in particular in that the nozzle lance 2 or the nozzle head 12 has a plurality of nozzles 13 and / or nozzle openings 13A, in particular exactly two nozzles 13 (third embodiment) or exactly three nozzles 13 (fourth embodiment). Only the differences of the third and fourth embodiments from the first and second embodiments are described below. Unless otherwise described below or evidently results from the context, the nozzle lance 2 according to the third and fourth embodiment also has the features of the first and / or second embodiment described above.
• the nozzle lance 2 or the nozzle head 12 preferably has exactly two nozzles 13.
• the nozzle lance 2 or the nozzle head 12 preferably has exactly three nozzles 13.
• the two or three nozzles 13 are preferably of identical design.
• the nozzles 13 are preferably arranged symmetrically to the longitudinal axis L.
• the main discharge direction F1 of the respective nozzle 13 lies in one plane with the longitudinal axis L of the nozzle lance 2.
• the nozzles 13 are preferably immediately adjacent to one another.
• the nozzles 13 are preferably all arranged at the same axial end of the nozzle lance 2 or are not distributed over the length of the nozzle lance 2.
• the nozzles 13 are preferably arranged obliquely or at an acute angle W to the longitudinal axis L of the nozzle lance 2.
• the Flauptabga direction Fl of the nozzles 13 preferably runs obliquely or at an acute angle W to the longitudinal axis L.
• the angle W is preferably at least 8 °, particularly preferably at least 11 °, and / or at most 20 °, particularly preferably at most 15 °.
• the angle W for both nozzles 13 is preferably approximately 11 °.
• the main dispensing directions H of a first and second of the three nozzles 13 are preferably in a common plane. Before preferably the main discharge direction H of a third of the three nozzles 13 extends obliquely to this plane.
• the angle W for the first and second nozzle 13 are respectively about 15 °, and the angle W of the third nozzle 13 is about 1 1 0 is.
• the third nozzle 13 is preferably arranged centrally or symmetrically between the first and second nozzle 13.
• the expression “center” here refers to the fact that the third nozzle 13 is at the same distance from the first and second nozzles 13. This does not imply that the third nozzle 13 is also arranged centrally on a connecting line between the first and second nozzle 13 or is arranged in a row with the first and second nozzle 13.
• the third nozzle 13 is preferably spaced from a connecting line between the first and second nozzles 13.
• the main discharge directions H of two nozzles 13 run perpendicular to a main flow direction A of the exhaust gas A and / or the main discharge direction H of the third nozzle 13 runs obliquely to the main flow direction A of the exhaust gas A.
• the main flow direction A of the exhaust gas A is in the 1 and 3 each indicated by arrows.
• the main flow direction A of the exhaust gas A runs in the exhaust gas chamber 3 preferably vertically or along the solder direction from bottom to top, as also shown in the figures. Accordingly, the main dispensing direction H of two nozzles 13 runs horizontally and / or the main dispensing direction H of one or the third nozzle 13 points obliquely downwards with respect to the vertical.
• Nozzle lance 2 can be enlarged.
• the spray area SB of the nozzle lances 2 By increasing the spray area SB of the nozzle lances 2, the dead space volume in the exhaust gas space 3, that is to say the area in the exhaust gas space 3 that is not sprayed by the nozzle lances 2, can be increased and thus the exhaust gas treatment or exhaust gas cleaning can be improved.
• a nozzle 13 of the nozzle lance 2 according to the third and fourth embodiments is shown schematically.
• the nozzles 13 preferably each have the feeds 18A for feeding the compressed gas 7 to the active fluid 5.
• the nozzle lance 2 or nozzles 13 are preferably designed such that the fluid mixture of active fluid 5 and admixing fluid 6 and the compressed gas 7 are fed to the nozzles 13 via separate feed lines and / or are only brought together or mixed within the nozzles 13.
• the nozzle lance 2 is preferably designed to atomize the same fluid or fluid mixture through all the nozzles 13.
• the nozzles 13 preferably form outlets of a common atomization area 18 or are fluidically connected to a common atomization area 18, in particular so that the same fluid mixture emerges or is atomized through the nozzles 13 when the nozzle lance 2 is in operation.
• the combustion system 1 preferably has a control system 24, in particular wherein the control system 24 is designed to control the exhaust gas treatment.
• the control takes place in particular by controlling the inflows, in particular the fluids 5 and 6, to the nozzle lances 2 and / or the pressure of the compressed gas 7.
• the control system 24 preferably has measuring devices 21 which are designed in particular to measure pressures.
• the measuring devices 21 are preferably used to measure the pressure of the compressed gas 7.
• the measuring devices 21 assigned to the compressed gas feed line 9C can be pressure gauges for pressure measurement, which can also be used as pressure regulators.
• the pressure of the Druckga ses 7 is particularly preferably measurable and adjustable with the pressure gauges.
• the measuring devices 21 can also be designed or used to measure inflows or inflow quantities, in particular the fluids 5, 6.
• measuring devices 21 are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, which are assigned to the supply line 8C or supply line 9C for the compressed gas 7.
• the measuring devices 21 can have the valves 10 or for the measuring devices 21 to be multifunctional measuring-metering devices for simultaneous measurement and metering.
• the control system 24 thus preferably has different or differently designed measuring devices 21. Furthermore, the control system 24 preferably has one or more measuring devices 22 for measuring or determining an amount or concentration of pollutants, in particular nitrogen oxides NO x and / or sulfur oxides SO x , in the exhaust gas A.
• the measuring device 22 is preferably a lambda sensor or the measuring device 22 has a lambda sensor.
• One or more measuring devices 22 can be provided, which are preferably arranged in the chimney of the combustion system 1.
• the measuring devices 22 can be arranged in different fleas in the chimney or exhaust gas space 3 and / or on different sides of the chimney or exhaust gas space 3.
• one or more measuring devices 22 can be arranged on the roof or at an upper end of the exhaust gas chamber 3, that is to say preferably above half of the nozzle lances 2.
• each level E with nozzle lances 2 can also have one or more measuring devices 22, which is arranged in particular on the wall 11 or in the vicinity of the wall 11.
• control system 24 preferably has one or more thermometers 23 for measuring temperatures T, in particular in the exhaust gas chamber 3.
• thermometers 23 are preferably arranged in the exhaust gas chamber 3, particularly preferably on the flea of the planes E.
• a plurality of thermometers 23 can be provided, which are arranged in particular at different heights in the exhaust gas space 3 and / or on different sides of the exhaust gas space 3. For simplification, however, only one thermometer 23 is shown in FIG. 2.
• thermometer is preferably to be understood broadly in the context of the present invention.
• a thermometer is basically understood to mean any device or system which is designed or suitable for measuring, detecting or determining a temperature T in the exhaust gas chamber 3 during the operation of the combustion system 1. It is in particular also possible for the temperature T to be measured only indirectly or indirectly, specifically in particular from other measured values, in particular by means of a formula and / or an algorithm, for example from the measurement of a (electromagnetic) wavelength or a speed of sound or the like.
• thermometer 23 or the thermometers 23 are preferably formed by a system for acoustic gas temperature measurement and / or sound pyrometry or by one or more pyrometers or radiation thermometers.
• the combustion system 1 or the control system 24 can also have one or more measuring devices 26 for measuring a volume flow and / or a flow velocity of the exhaust gas A in the exhaust gas space 3. This enables more efficient exhaust gas purification or more precise adaptation of the fluid mixture emitted by the nozzle lances 2.
• Each nozzle lance 2, each supply line 8, each supply line 9 and / or each level E is preferably assigned a measuring device 21, a measuring device 22, a measuring device 26, a valve 10 and / or a thermometer 23.
• the nozzle lances 2 each have one or more measuring devices 21, 22, 26, valves 10 and / or thermometers 23.
• one or more measuring devices 22, 26 and / or thermometers 23 are arranged on a roof or at an upper end of the exhaust gas chamber 3, ie preferably above the nozzle lance 2. It is possible for the exhaust gas space 3 to have one or more measuring modules, the measuring module preferably having at least one measuring device 22, at least one measuring device 26 and / or at least one thermometer 23.
• the measuring devices 21, 22, 26 and / or thermometers 23 are preferably designed to forward the signals and / or measured values determined by them to the control system 24.
• the control system 24 preferably receives signals or measured values measured by the measuring devices 21, 22, 26 and / or the thermometers 23 and / or the control system 24 processes these signals or measured values or the control system 24 is designed for this purpose.
• the control system 24 preferably controls the valves 10, in particular on the basis of these signals or measured values, in particular wherein the inflows to the nozzle lances 2 and / or pressures of the compressed gas 7 are controlled or adjusted.
• the valves 10 can thus be opened and / or closed with the control system 24.
• the control system 24 is preferably designed to control the exhaust gas treatment or mixing of the fluid and / or conveying or admixing the active ingredient or active fluid 5 as a function of the temperature T measured by the thermometer 23 or thermometers 23 and / or by the measuring devices 21, 22, 26 to control measured values or signals in the exhaust gas chamber 3.
• the combustion system 1 or the control system 24 is preferably designed on the basis of or as a function of the temperature T measured by the thermometer 23 or the thermometers 23 and / or the values or measured by the measuring devices 21, 22, 26 Signals to set or control the amount and / or concentration of the active fluid 5 and / or the active ingredient, in particular the atomized fluid.
• the exhaust gas space 3 has different areas B or the exhaust gas space 3 is divided into different areas B or the exhaust gas space 3 is assigned different areas B.
• the areas B are sectors of a particular cylindrical exhaust gas space 3.
• the areas B can in principle have or form any two-dimensional or three-dimensional shape.
• Each region B is preferably a plane E or a sector of a plane E.
• the regions B are at least essentially two-dimensional or flat or layer-like and / or extend flat in the radial direction to the vertical and / or main flow direction A of the patient to be treated Abga ses A.
• Each area B is preferably assigned a nozzle lance 2, a thermometer 23, a measuring device 22 for measuring an amount or concentration of pollutants, in particular in the exhaust gas A, and / or a measuring device 26 for measuring the flow velocity or the volume flow of the exhaust gas A.
• each area B can have a nozzle lance 2, a thermometer 23 and / or a measuring device 22.
• the combustion system 1 is preferably designed, in particular by means of the thermometer 23 and / or the control system 24, to measure the temperature T in different areas of the exhaust gas chamber 3.
• the temperature T can preferably be measured independently of one another in different regions B.
• the combustion system 1 is preferably designed to adapt a quantity or concentration C of the active substance in the fluid or fluid mixture which is atomized or discharged into the exhaust gas space 3 very quickly, that is to say with little dead time, preferably in less than 5 s, preferably in less than 1 s, in particular in less than 0.1 s, particularly preferably in less than 0.01 s, after the measurement of the temperature T and / or pollutant concentration. This is made possible in particular by the proposed nozzle lance 2. Flierholz will be discussed in more detail later.
• a temperature T and / or pollutant concentration in the exhaust gas space 3 is preferably measured, and in particular the amount or concentration C of the active ingredient in the atomized fluid or fluid mixture as a function of the measured temperature T and / or Pollutant concentration set or controlled.
• the amount or concentration C of the active ingredient in the atomized fluid or fluid mixture is referred to below as the amount or concentration C of the active ingredient.
• the amount or concentration C of the active ingredient is preferably set, controlled or determined via the mixing ratio between the active fluid 5 and the admixing fluid 6.
• the active fluid 5 contains the active substance, for example ammonia, fluorine and / or a calcium-containing compound.
• the concentration C of the active substance in the active fluid 5 is preferably constant or not variable, in particular since the active fluid 5 with the active substance, as explained above, is stored in a tank 4.
• the term “amount” is preferably the absolute amount of the active ingredient delivered (or injected into the exhaust gas space 3) per unit time, for example in l / min or kg / min, or an equivalent size.
• the volume flow of the dispensed fluid - depending on the mixture, the active fluid 5, the admixing fluid 6 or a mixture thereof - and the volume flow or pressure of the compressed gas 7 are preferably on the combustion system 1 or the exhaust gas chamber 3 and the respective nozzle lance 2 or nozzle 3rd or groups thereof and are preferably not changed during the operation of the combustion system 1 or during the method for exhaust gas treatment.
• the concentration C or amount of the active ingredient or the mixing ratio of active fluid 5 to admixing fluid 6 is the only parameter which is involved in the process or during exhaust gas treatment or injection - in particular individually for individual nozzles 13 or nozzle lances 2 or groups of Nozzles 13 or nozzle lances 2 - is changed or can be changed.
• the (functional) relationship shown or described below between the concentration C of the active ingredient and the temperature T is preferably a target relationship or a target course which is to be achieved by the control or by means of the control system 24 for exhaust gas treatment.
• the control is therefore preferably carried out in such a way that the course or functional relationship between the concentration C and the measured temperature T shown in FIG. 12 and / or described below at least approximately reaches or is realized.
• concentration C and the temperature T there are different relationships between the concentration C and the temperature T at different temperatures T or in different temperature ranges TB.
• concentration C of the active ingredient delivered or injected into the exhaust gas space 3 there is therefore preferably a different adaptation of the concentration C of the active ingredient delivered or injected into the exhaust gas space 3 to the (measured - sene) temperature T.
• first, second and third temperature ranges TB1, TB2, TB3 are dealt with in particular, which are referred to as the first, second and third temperature ranges TB1, TB2, TB3 for distinction.
• this does not imply a sequence of the temperature ranges TB, nor does it imply that three temperature ranges TB1, TB2, TB3 are mandatory.
• the terms "first, second and third" temperature range TB1, TB2, TB3 are optional and interchangeable if necessary.
• first temperature T1, second temperature T2 and third temperature T3 For the temperatures described below (first temperature T1, second temperature T2 and third temperature T3) and the concentrations assigned to these temperatures (first concentration C1, second concentration C2, third concentration C3), the same applies as for the temperature ranges TB1, TB2 , TB3.
• the concentration C is preferably varied continuously or continuously. There is preferably only a change in the concentration C in the atomized fluid or fluid mixture and / or no shutdown of the nozzle lance 2, at least in the first and / or second temperature range TB1, TB2.
• the amount or concentration C of the active ingredient is preferably increased.
• the concentration C as a function of the temperature T preferably increases monotonously or strictly monotonously. This applies preferably at least or exclusively in a first temperature range TB1 between a first temperature T1 and a second temperature T2, preferably with T2> T1.
• the first temperature T1 and the second temperature T2 form the lower and upper limit temperature or limit of the first temperature range TB1.
• At least approximately a linear, exponential, quadratic or other polynomial relationship can exist between the concentration C and the temperature T, in particular in the first temperature range TB1.
• other functional relationships are also possible, for example a (at least approximately) logarithmic or root-shaped dependence of the concentration C on the temperature T.
• the second concentration C2 is preferably not equal to the first concentration C1, particularly preferably greater than the first concentration C1 (C2> C1).
• the first temperature T1 is preferably at least about 800 ° C. and / or at most about 880 ° C., particularly preferably about 840 ° C.
• the first temperature T 1 or lower limit temperature of the first temperature range TB1 can, however, also be selected to be significantly lower, in particular so that it corresponds to the minimum temperature T during the operation of the combustion system 1.
• the second temperature T2 is preferably at least about 940 ° C and / or at most about 1,020 ° C, particularly preferably about 980 ° C.
• the concentration C is preferably (further) reduced below the first temperature T1 at a falling temperature T and / or no active substance is injected into the exhaust gas chamber 3 at all. Below the first temperature T 1, however, the setting or control of the concentration C or amount of the active ingredient can take place in the same manner or in a similar manner as in the first temperature range TB1.
• the concentration C of the active substance is preferably adjusted or controlled differently as a function of the temperature T than in the first temperature range TB1. Outside the first temperature range TB1, there is therefore preferably a different functional relationship C (T) between the concentration C and the temperature T than in the first temperature range TB1.
• the further or second temperature range TB2 is limited by the second temperature T2 and the further, third temperature T3, which is preferably greater than the second temperature T2 (T3> T2).
• the second and third temperatures T2, T3 form the lower and upper limit temperature or limit of the second temperature range TB2.
• the concentration C and the temperature T there is preferably a different functional relationship C (T) between the concentration C and the temperature T than in the first temperature range TB1.
• the temperature C in the second temperature range TB2 is preferably at least substantially constant and / or the second and third concentrations C2 and C3 are at least approximately the same size (C2 * C3).
• C (T) a different, non-constant functional relationship between the concentration C and the temperature T applies in the second temperature range TB2.
• the function C (T) in the second temperature range TB2 with a rise less than in the first temperature range TB1 (monotonous) and / or (monotonous) fall.
• an at least approximately parabolic course or a quadratic relationship between the concentration C and the temperature T is also possible.
• the third temperature T3 is preferably at least about 1,000 ° C and / or at most about 1,080 ° C, particularly preferably about 1040 ° C.
• the third temperature T3 is preferably a lower limit or limit temperature of a third temperature range TB3.
• the temperature range TB3 is preferably half open and / or not limited by an upper limit temperature.
• the temperature T3 preferably forms a limit temperature, when it is reached or exceeded the amount or concentration C of the injected active substance is reduced or no active substance is injected.
• C (T> T3) ⁇ C3 or C (T> T3) 0 therefore preferably applies.
• the function C (T) is preferably (strictly) monotonically falling and / or converging, for example exponentially falling, towards zero for T> T3 or in the third temperature range TB3.
• the concentration C at temperatures T> T3 or in the third temperature range TB3 can also drop at least approximately linearly, exponentially, quadratically or according to another polynomial relationship.
• the amount or concentration C of the active substance in the atomized fluid or fluid mixture is preferably - in particular in this region B or an associated one Spray area SB - adjusted or changed, especially to the changed temperature T.
• a limit temperature in particular the second temperature T2, for example 980 ° C. to reduce the amount of active substance injected and / or to control the nozzle lances 2 such that the residence time for the active substance in the exhaust gas space 3 is increased.
• the residence time denotes the time period between the injection or spraying of the active ingredient and a (chemical) reaction of the active ingredient with the exhaust gas A or with the pollutants contained in the exhaust gas A, in particular nitrogen oxides NO x .
• a longer residence time can be achieved, for example, by increasing the droplet size in the spray S.
• the droplet size can be increased in particular by reducing the pressure of the compressed gas 7. It can therefore be provided that the pressure of the compressed gas 7 is reduced below the limit temperature, in particular in order to increase the droplet size of the spray S and / or to cause a longer residence time of the active ingredient.
• cooling of the exhaust gas A can be sufficient.
• active fluid 5, for example ammonia were injected above the limit temperature, oxidation or combustion of active fluid 5 would occur, which would disadvantageously lead to additional generation of nitrogen oxides NO x .
• an adjustment of the concentration C of the active ingredient in the atomized or injected fluid or fluid mixture can fundamentally not take place instantaneously, but a so-called dead time occurs between the time of measurement or detection of the temperature change or a change in other values measured by the measuring devices 22, 26 and the point in time at which the composition of the atomized fluid mixture or the concentration of the active substance in the fluid mixture injected — that is to say delivered to the exhaust gas space 3 or area B or SB — changes (actually).
• dead time is generally the period of time between a signal change at the system input and a corresponding signal response at the system output of a control section.
• the signal change at the system input is the measurement or detection of the temperature change or a change in other values measured by the measuring devices 22, 26 and the signal response is the injection of a fluid with changed Composition in the exhaust gas space 3.
• the dead time here is the time between the measurement of the change in the measured temperature (s), pollutant concentration and / or flow rate or volume flow of the exhaust gas A and the time at which the concentration C or the amount of the Active ingredient in the injected or in the exhaust gas 3 fluid or fluid mixture changes.
• the dead time for adjusting the amount or concentration of the active ingredient in the atomized fluid mixture is preferably, in particular in response to a change in the temperature T, the pollutant concentration and / or the flow rate or the volume flow of the exhaust gas A in the exhaust gas space 3 or one Range thereof, less than 5 s, preferably less than 1 s, particularly preferably less than 0.1 s, in particular less than 0.01 s. This is achieved in particular by mixing the admixing fluid 6 with the active fluid 5 (first) in the nozzle lance 2, in particular in the admixing area 14 or only shortly before the atomization or atomization area 18.
• Such a short dead time is made possible in particular by the fact that the mixing of the active fluid 5 with the admixing fluid 6 takes place only shortly or immediately before the atomization.
• the dead time preferably essentially depends on the size of the dead volume, a small dead volume resulting in a short dead time.
• an admixing area 14 is provided first or upstream of the atomizing area 18 or the admixing fluid 6 is mixed with the active fluid 5, and on the other hand the admixing area 14 is only a short distance from the atomizing area 18 especially a few centimeters.
• the temperature T in different areas B of the exhaust gas chamber 3 is preferably measured or determined separately from one another. Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible for the temperature T to be measured separately from one another in different spray areas SB or levels E.
• the spray area SB of a nozzle lance 2 is, in particular, the area which the spray S (primary) which is delivered by the nozzle lance 2 reaches or wets. This is shown schematically in FIG. 11.
• Each nozzle lance 2 preferably has a spray area SB or a spray area SB is assigned to each nozzle lance 2.
• the spray areas SB of various nozzle lances 2 are preferably separated from one another or form disjoint areas, but they can also overlap.
• One or more spray areas SB or nozzles 13 or nozzle lances 2 are preferably assigned to one or each (measuring) area B.
• the temperature T is measured in different levels E of the exhaust gas chamber 3.
• the temperature T is preferably measured in different areas B or sectors of one or each level E, in particular separately from one another.
• a pollutant quantity or pollutant concentration in different areas B, levels E and / or spray areas SB of the exhaust gas chamber 3 is measured separately from one another.
• the temperature T it is also possible for the temperature T to be measured in a region B or spray region SB and / or in a plane E, the amount or concentration C of the injected active ingredient being adjusted in another region B or, if appropriate additionally - is carried out in an area B in which the temperature T and / or pollutant concentration was not measured.
• the amount or concentration C of the active ingredient can be adjusted on the basis of the temperature T and / or pollutant concentration measured in another area B.
• a method for exhaust gas treatment in the combustion system 1 can have the aspects and features described below.
• the measuring devices 21, 22, 26, the valves 10, the thermometers 23 and / or the control system 24 are calibrated, preset and / or matched when the combustion system 1 and / or the nozzle lances 2 are started up for the first time.
• the control system 24 preferably controls it as a function of the temperatures T measured by the thermometers 23 and / or the amounts or concentrations of pollutants measured or determined by the measuring devices 22, in particular nitrogen oxides NO x and / or sulfur oxides SO x .
• the control system 24 preferably adjusts the amount and / or the concentration of the active fluid 5, the admixing fluid 6, the fluid mixture 7 and / or the active ingredient, in particular on the basis of these signals, preferably so that an optimal exhaust gas treatment or purification takes place. It is in particular also possible that no admixing fluid 6 is mixed into the active fluid 5 and / or that only the active fluid 5 is atomized by means of the compressed gas 7. This is preferably done above the limit temperature or third temperature T3 and / or for cooling the flue gas or exhaust gas A.
• the control by the control system 24 can - if appropriate after a calibration - take place in particular automatically, preferably for which the control system 24 has a suitably trained computer or processor.
• the valves 10 or the nozzle lances 2 are preferably set or controlled individually, in regions and / or in levels.
• the control system 24 or the combustion system 1 is preferably designed to individually add the admixing fluid 6 to the active fluid 5, in particular thus the mixing ratio between active fluid 5 and admixing fluid 6, for one or each nozzle lance 2 and / or for one or each level E. or independently of other nozzle lances 2 and / or levels E to set or control.
• control system 24 or the combustion system 1 is designed to mix the pressure gas 7 with the active fluid 5 and / or the additive fluid 6 or the mixing ratio between the active fluid 5, additive fluid 6 and / or pressurized gas 7 individually to set or control for one or each nozzle lance 2 and / or one or each level E.
• the pressure of the compressed gas 7 is adjustable by the control system 24.
• a pressure between 3000 hPa and 6000 hPa, in particular between 4000 hPa and 5000 hPa, is preferably used for optimal exhaust gas treatment.
• the properties of the aerosol or spray S generated by the pressure of the pressurized gas 7 can be influenced or changed, in particular the throwing distance and the droplet size.
• These variables are preferably alternatively or additionally adjustable or can be influenced by the shape and / or dimensioning of the nozzle lance 2, in particular the nozzle 13.
• the inflow of the active fluid 5 and / or admixing fluid 6 is preferably set and / or controlled via a mass flow, a volume flow, an absolute amount and / or an amount per unit time of the respective fluid.
• a mass flow, a volume flow, a concentration, an absolute amount and / or an amount per unit of time of the active ingredient is preferably set and / or checked.
• the total amount of fluids 5 and 6 supplied to the nozzles 2 is particularly preferably kept at least substantially constant, so that only the mixing ratio between the active fluid 5 and the admixing fluid 6 is changed.
• the pressure of the compressed gas 7 is preferably also kept at least substantially constant. However, it is also possible to adapt the pressure to the total amount of the fluids 5 and 6 supplied to the nozzle lances 2 or to the mixing ratio of the fluids 5 and 6.
• the nozzle lance 2 or the combustion system 1 is therefore particularly preferably operated in such a way that the most constant volume or mass flow of the fluids 5 and / or 6 (regardless of their mixing ratio) is injected or atomized, in particular at a constant pressure of the compressed gas 7.
• it is preferred that the amount or the volume flow of the fluid or fluid mixture discharged into the exhaust gas space 3 or discharged into the exhaust gas space 3 is kept constant and / or only the mixing ratio between active fluid 5 and admixing fluid 6 of the total is changed in the exhaust gas chamber 3 and / or by one, in particular each, individual nozzle lance 2 of the fluid dispensed.
• the quantity or concentration C of the injected active substance is preferably set or controlled exclusively or as the only parameter, in particular when the temperature changes and / or changes the quantity or concentration of pollutants is adapted.
• the (total) quantity or the mass or volume flow of the fluid or fluid mixture discharged into the exhaust gas space 3 or discharged into the exhaust gas space 3 is variable and / or is adapted to the measured values of the measuring devices 22 for measuring a quantity or concentration of pollutants, the measuring devices 26 for measuring the volume flow or the flow velocity of the exhaust gas A and / or the thermometer 23.
• the total quantity or the mass or volume flow of the atomized fluid, the mixing ratio between active fluid 5 and admixed fluid 6 and / or the pressure of compressed gas 7 are particularly preferably continuously or continuously varied, in particular (at least) in one specific or defined temperature range of the exhaust gas A.
• the temperature range for the continuous variation can correspond to the previously explained first and / or second temperature range TB1, TB2.
• the lower limit of the temperature range for the stepless variation can be 850 ° C, 900 ° C or 950 ° C and / or the upper limit of the temperature range can be 1,150 ° C, 1,100 ° C or 1,050 ° C.
• the nozzle lances 2 are preferably not switched off or the mass or volume flow of the atomized fluid and / or the active fluid 5 or active ingredient contained in the atomized fluid is not completely regulated, at least as long as the measured temperature is above the lower limit and / or is below the upper limit of the temperature range.
• the dependence of the mass or volume flow of the atomized fluid, the mixing ratio between active fluid 5 and admixing fluid 6, the pressure of the pressure gas 7 and / or the concentration C of the active ingredient in the atomized fluid are preferably described by a continuous function.
• the stepless variation preferably takes place in the or the entire temperature range (s) mentioned, but can also take place only in a partial range or section therefrom. Furthermore, it is also conceivable that a stepless variation takes place outside the range mentioned.
• the inflow of compressed gas 7 is preferably set and / or controlled via a pressure of compressed gas 7.
• each supply line 8 each supply line 9, each level E, each nozzle lance 2 and / or each nozzle lance group separately, individually and / or independently of the other supply lines 8, to lines 9, levels E, nozzle lances 2 and / or nozzle lance groups.
• the combustion system 1 or the control system 24 is preferably designed to carry out a method for exhaust gas treatment with the above features.
• the method for exhaust gas treatment or purification can also be a method for desulfurization or flue gas desulfurization.
• the flue gas desulfurization differs from the flue gas denitrification in that another active fluid 5 or another active substance is used.
• another active fluid 5 or another active substance is used instead of an ammonia or urea solution.
• a calcium or calcareous liquid such as lime water is used and / or the active substance contained in the active fluid 5 is, in particular, lime, calcium, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide.
• the measuring devices 22 can be designed to measure sulfur-containing compounds or sulfur oxides, in particular sulfur dioxide SO 2 and / or sulfur trioxide SO 3 .
• the nozzle lance (2) has three feed lines (9), namely a first feed line (9A) for an active fluid (5), a second feed line (9B) for an admixing fluid (6) and a third feed line (9C) for the compressed gas (7 ), and in the nozzle lance (2) the active fluid (5) the admixing fluid (6) can be admixed.
• Nozzle lance according to aspect 1 characterized in that the first and second feed lines (9A, 9B) run in the third feed line (9C).
• Nozzle lance according to aspect 1 or 2 characterized in that the nozzle lance (2) has an admixing area (14) for admixing the admixing fluid (6) to the active fluid (5).
• nozzle lance according to aspect 3 characterized in that the admixing area (14) is arranged completely within the nozzle lance (2) and / or from an outlet of the nozzle lance (2) spaced apart.
• Nozzle lance according to aspect 3 or 4 characterized in that the admixing area (14) is designed to form a purely liquid mixture of active fluid (5) and admixed fluid (6). 6. nozzle lance according to one of the aspects 3 to 5, characterized in that the first and second feed lines (9A, 9B) are fluidly connected to one another in the admixing area (14), open into the admixing area (14) or in the admixing area (14) end up. 7.
• the nozzle lance (2) has a spray zone (18) for admixing pressurized gas (7) to the mixture of active fluid (5) and admixing fluid (6) and / or Mixing area (14) and the third feed line (9C) in a Verdüsungsbe area (18) of the nozzle lance (2) are fluidly connected.
• nozzle lance according to aspect 7 characterized in that the third feed line (9C) - in particular through feeds (18A) - is fluidly connected to or opens into the spraying area (18).
• nozzle lance preferably run obliquely to a longitudinal axis (L) of the nozzle lance (2) and / or radially or to the main flow direction in the spraying area (18) or nozzle head (12).
• Spraying area (18) is arranged or formed downstream of the admixing area (14) and / or separately from the admixing area (14).
• a nozzle lance according to one of the aspects 7 to 10 characterized in that the admixing area (14) immediately before the spraying area (18), the nozzle (13) and / or the outlet of the nozzle lance (2) or the nozzle opening (13A). is arranged.
• nozzle lance one of the aspects 3 to 12 characterized in that the nozzle lance (2) has a mixing part (15) for forming the mixing area (14) and / or fluid connection of the first and second feed lines (9A, 9B).
• Nozzle lance according to aspect 13 characterized in that the admixing part (15) forms a separate, insertable and / or exchangeable component.
• Nozzle lance according to aspect 13 or 14 characterized in that tubes (16A, 16B) for the active fluid (5) and the admixing fluid (6) are inserted or welded into the admixing part (15) of the nozzle lance (2).
• Nozzle lance according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the nozzle head (12) has a nozzle (13).
• a nozzle lance according to aspect 16 characterized in that the nozzle (13) is a Laval nozzle.
• S cone-like spray
• Nozzle lance according to one of the preceding aspects characterized in that the first feed line (9A) runs in the second feed line (9B). 22. Nozzle lance according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the nozzle lance (2) is assigned at least one valve (10) so that the inflow of the active fluid (5), admixing fluids (6) and / or compressed gas (7) can be set is. 23. Combustion system (1), in particular a large combustion system, with a plurality of nozzle lances (2) associated with a common exhaust gas chamber (3) for atomizing an active fluid (5) by means of compressed gas (7) for exhaust gas treatment, each nozzle lance (2) having a plurality of supply lines (9) and has a nozzle head (12), characterized in that
• combustion system (1) has fluidically separated supply lines (8) for an admixing fluid (6) and the active fluid (5), the admixing fluid (6) being admixable to the active fluid (5) directly in front of or in the nozzle lance (2), and or
• combustion system (1) has a control system (24) with which the active fluid (5), admixing fluids (6) and / or compressed gas (7) flows for individual or several nozzle lances (2) independently of other nozzle lances (2 ) are adjustable.
• Combustion system according to aspect 23 characterized in that the nozzle lances (2) are arranged in different planes (E) and / or groups, where the active fluid (5), admixing fluids (6) and / or compressed gas (7 ) to the nozzle lances (2) can be adjusted in levels and / or in groups.
• Combustion system according to aspect 23 or 24, characterized in that the combustion system (1) and / or the control system (24) is designed to add the admixing fluid (6) to the active fluid (5) for one or each nozzle lance (2 ) to adjust or control individually and / or independently of other nozzle lances (2).
• Combustion system according to one of the aspects 23 to 25, characterized in that the combustion system (1) and / or the control system (24) is designed to add the admixing fluid (6) to the active fluid (5) for one or each Set or control level (E) individually and / or independently of other levels (E).
• Combustion system according to one of the aspects 23 to 26, characterized in that the combustion system (1) and / or the control system (24) is designed to admix the compressed gas (7) to the active fluid (5) and / or the Mixing fluid (6) to be set or controlled individually for one or each nozzle lance (2) and / or each level (E)
• control system (24) is designed so that the control takes place in dependence on the temperature (T) measured by the thermometer (23).
• Combustion system according to aspect 28 characterized in that the combustion system (1) or the control system (24) is or are designed to, depending on the temperature (T), an amount and / or concentration of the active fluid (5). and / or adjust or control the active ingredient.
• the thermometer (23) has a pyrometer and / or a system for acoustic gas temperature measurement or is formed thereby.
• the incinerator (1) has several thermometers (23).
• Incinerator according to one of the aspects 28 to 32, characterized in that each area (B) has a nozzle lance (2), a thermometer (23) and / or a measuring device (22) for measuring a quantity or concentration of pollutants is assigned.
• Incinerator according to one of the aspects 28 to 33, characterized in that the incinerator (1) is designed to atomize the amount or concentration (C) of the active ingredient in the fluid or in the exhaust gas chamber (3) or to change or adapt the fluid mixture in less than 5 s, preferably less than 1 s, in particular less than 0.1 s, particularly preferably less than 0.01 s, after the measurement of the temperature (T).
• Incinerator according to one of the aspects 23 to 34, characterized in that the nozzle lances (2) are designed according to one of the aspects 1 to 22.
• Incinerator according to one of the aspects 23 to 35, characterized in that the incinerator (1) is designed to carry out a method according to one of the aspects 37 to 63.
• Method for exhaust gas treatment in particular in a combustion system (1), preferably according to one of the aspects 23 to 36, wherein an active fluid (5) is sprayed into a common exhaust gas chamber (3) by means of compressed gas (7) through several nozzle lances (2) and wherein the active fluid (5) is admixed with an admixing fluid (6) before atomization,
• the active fluid (5) and the admixing fluid (6) are fed separately to the nozzle lances (2), the admixing fluid (6) being admixed with the active fluid (5) in or immediately before the nozzle lances (2), and / or
• the inflows of the active fluid (5), admixing fluids (6), and / or pressurized gas (7) for one or more nozzle lances (2) are set independently of other nozzle lances (2).
• Method according to aspect 37 characterized in that the admixing of the admixing fluid (6) to the active fluid (5) is set individually for one or each individual nozzle lance (2).
• Method according to aspect 37 or 38 characterized in that the nozzles lances (2) are arranged in several planes (E) and the control of the inflow of the active fluid (5), admixing fluids (6) and / or compressed gas (7) to the nozzle lances (2) at levels.
• Method for exhaust gas treatment preferably according to one of the aspects 37 to 39, in particular in an incineration plant (1), preferably according to one of the aspects 23 to 36, wherein a fluid, in particular a fluid mixture of an admixing fluid (6) and / or an active fluid (5) with an active ingredient is injected by means of compressed gas (7) through several nozzles or nozzle lances (2) into a common exhaust gas chamber (3) of the incineration plant (1),
• a temperature (T) is measured in the exhaust gas chamber (3) and an amount or concentration (C) of the active ingredient in the atomized fluid or fluid mixture is set or controlled as a function of the measured temperature (T).
• the method according to aspect 40 characterized in that as the temperature (T) increases, the amount or concentration (C) of the active ingredient is increased, in particular in a first temperature range, preferably between about 800 ° C. and about 980 ° C.
• Method according to one of the aspects 40 to 43 characterized in that the limit temperature is at least about 980 ° C, preferably at least about 1000 ° C, particularly preferably at least about 1040 ° C.
• Method according to one of the aspects 40 to 44 characterized in that the total amount of the fluids (5, 6) or the nozzles or nozzle lances (2) supplied the volume flow of the atomized fluid or fluid mixture is kept at least substantially constant regardless of the measured temperature (T).
• Method according to one of the aspects 40 to 45 characterized in that the total quantity of the fluids or the fluids supplied to the nozzles or nozzle lances (2)
• Volume flow of the atomized fluid or fluid mixture is kept at least essentially constant regardless of the mixing ratio between admixing fluid (6) and active fluid (5) or regardless of the amount or concentration (C) of the active ingredient.
• Method according to one of the aspects 40 to 46 characterized in that, in the event of a change in temperature, the amount or concentration (C) of the active ingredient in the atomized fluid mixture is adjusted or changed, the dead time for adjusting the amount or concentration (C) of the Active ingredient in the atomized fluid mixture is less than 5 s, preferably less than 1 s, in particular less than 0.1 s, particularly preferably less than 0.01 s, the dead time being the time interval between the measurement of the temperature change and the It is the point in time at which the concentration (C) or amount of the active substance changes in the fluid or fluid mixture that is atomized or released into the exhaust gas space (3).
• Method according to one of the aspects 40 to 47 characterized in that the temperature (T) in different areas (B) is measured separately from one another, preferably in different planes (E) and / or in different sections or sectors, in particular one plane (e).
• Method according to one of the aspects 40 to 48 characterized in that a pollutant quantity or concentration is measured separately in different areas (B), preferably in different levels (E) and / or in different sectors, in particular one level (E).
• Method according to one of the aspects 40 to 49 characterized in that the amount or concentration (C) of the active ingredient in the atomized fluid or fluid mixture is separate for each area (B), each level (E), each sector and / or each nozzle lance (2) is set.
• Method according to one of the aspects 37 to 50 characterized in that the active fluid (5) and the admixing fluid (6) are mixed with one another within the nozzle lances (2), preferably immediately before spraying or spraying. 52.
• Method according to one of the aspects 37 to 51 characterized in that the active fluid (5) and the admixing fluid (6) are mixed with one another to form a liquid fluid mixture.
• Method according to one of the aspects 37 to 52 characterized in that first the active fluid (5) and the admixing fluid (6) are mixed with one another and only then is the compressed gas (7) added.
• Method according to one of the aspects 37 to 53 characterized in that the compressed gas (7) is added to the active fluid (5) and / or the admixing fluid (6) within the nozzle lance (2) and / or before or to the atomization becomes.
• Method according to one of the aspects 37 to 54 characterized in that the active fluid (5) is an ammonia solution or urea solution or contains ammonia or urea.
• Method according to one of the aspects 37 to 55 characterized in that the active substance is or contains ammonia or urea.
• Method according to one of the aspects 37 to 56 characterized in that the active fluid (5) is lime water or contains lime or calcium.
• Method according to one of the aspects 37 to 57 characterized in that the active ingredient is or contains lime, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and / or calcium.
• Method according to one of the aspects 37 to 59 characterized in that the method serves for flue gas cleaning.
• Method according to one of the aspects 37 to 60 characterized in that the method is used for denitrification of flue gas and / or that nitrogen oxides NO x , in particular NO and / or NO2, are removed from the exhaust gas (A) of the incineration plant (1).
• Method according to one of the aspects 37 to 61 characterized in that the method is used for desulfurizing flue gas and / or that sulfur compounds, in particular SO2 and / or SO3, are removed from the exhaust gas (A) of the combustion system (1).
• Method according to one of the aspects 37 to 62 characterized in that the fluid with the active fluid (5) or active substance in different areas (B) and / o the planes (E) into the exhaust gas space (3) via several nozzles ( 13) or nozzle lances (2) is injected, the amount or concentration (C) of the active ingredient in the fluid of individual or groups of nozzles (13) or nozzle lances (2) being individually adjusted, adjusted or varied, in particular depending on the temperature (T) in the respective area (B) and / or the respective level (E).

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• 2019
  • 2019-07-22 US US17/262,064 patent/US20210308701A1/en active Pending
  • 2019-07-22 CN CN201980051383.6A patent/CN112543672B/zh active Active
  • 2019-07-22 EP EP19745025.7A patent/EP3829750A1/de active Pending
  • 2019-07-22 DE DE102019005052.5A patent/DE102019005052A1/de active Pending
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