EP3828000B1 - Sicherheitsdokument und dessen herstellungsverfahren, die ein individuell gestaltes bild auf der basis eines metallhologramm betreffen - Google Patents

Sicherheitsdokument und dessen herstellungsverfahren, die ein individuell gestaltes bild auf der basis eines metallhologramm betreffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3828000B1
EP3828000B1 EP20203892.3A EP20203892A EP3828000B1 EP 3828000 B1 EP3828000 B1 EP 3828000B1 EP 20203892 A EP20203892 A EP 20203892A EP 3828000 B1 EP3828000 B1 EP 3828000B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
perforations
pixels
opaque
holographic
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EP20203892.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3828000A1 (de
Inventor
Christophe Duriez
Paul AZUELOS
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Idemia France SAS
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Idemia France SAS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/346—Perforations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
    • B42D25/435—Marking by removal of material using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a technique for forming color images and relates more particularly to a secure document and its method of manufacture comprising a holographic structure forming an arrangement of pixels from which a color image is formed.
  • identity documents also known as identity documents. These documents must be easily authenticated and difficult to counterfeit (if possible tamper-proof). This market concerns a wide variety of documents, such as identity cards, passports, access badges, driving licenses, etc., which can be in different formats (cards, booklets, etc.).
  • a known solution consists in printing on a support a matrix of pixels composed of color sub-pixels and in forming gray levels by laser carbonization in a laserable layer located opposite the matrix of pixels, so as to reveal a custom color image that is difficult to forge or reproduce. Examples of embodiments of this technique are described for example in the documents EP 2 580 065 B1 (dated August 6, 2014 ) and EP 2 681 053 B1 (dated April 8, 2015 ).
  • EP1997 643 A2 Another example of a conventional security document is provided in EP1997 643 A2 .
  • This document describes a security document having a carrier substrate to which a security sheet is adhered.
  • the security sheet comprises two layers, each layer having a security identification, for example a halftone image, which is formed by a group of micro-perforations.
  • the security identification is visually detectable when the document is viewed in transmitted light.
  • the figure 1 represents an example of printing 2 by offset of pixels 4 taking the form of rows 6 of sub-pixels of distinct colors. As shown, the contours of each line 6 of sub-pixels have irregularities. A tolerance must be taken into account for the positioning of these lines due to positioning inaccuracies during printing.
  • the figure 2 thus represents, according to a particular example, a structure 2 comprising a stack formed by a holographic layer 6 interposed between a first transparent laserizable layer 4 and a second transparent laserizable layer 8.
  • the structure 2 may comprise only any among the two laserizable layers 4 and 8.
  • the holographic layer 4 comprises a metallic holographic structure forming by holographic effect an arrangement of colored pixels.
  • the transparent layers 4 and 8 are laser sensitive in the sense that they can be locally opacified by carbonization by means of laser radiation 12 in order to at least partially block the passage of light.
  • the laserable layers 4 and 8 thus comprise areas (or volumes) 14, called “opaque areas”, which are locally opacified by the laser radiation 12, these opaque areas being positioned opposite the holographic structure so as to mask certain parts of the pixels and thus produce grayscale to reveal a custom color image 10.
  • This technique advantageously makes it possible to create shades of colors so as to form a secure color image by the interaction between the opaque zones and the arrangement of pixels formed by the holographic layer. It is thus possible to form color images having a satisfactory image quality while being secure and therefore resistant to falsifications and fraudulent reproductions.
  • the picture 3 is a cross-sectional view of a structure 15 comprising a metallic holographic layer 16 positioned opposite a transparent laserizable layer 17 (made of polycarbonate). As can be seen, an air bubble 18 formed within the structure 15 during its manufacture, causing irreversible damage.
  • the invention advantageously makes it possible to form a personalized image, in color or black and white, of good quality (in particular with good contrast), easy to authenticate, robust with respect to the risks of fraud, falsification or counterfeiting.
  • This is possible in particular it the invention makes it possible to avoid using a laserable layer which requires laser carbonization which, as already described, can generate air bubbles (blistering) and therefore cause the destruction or irreversible damage of the structure.
  • a personalized image without a laserable layer one can avoid applying a powerful laser into the structure and thus preserve its integrity.
  • each pixel of said arrangement of pixels is configured so that each sub-pixel presents a unique color in said pixel.
  • the second opaque layer comprises an opaque black surface facing the first layer or comprises opacifying black pigments in its mass.
  • the first laser radiation is at a first spectrum of wavelengths different from the spectrum of visible wavelengths.
  • said at least a first part of the first perforations are through perforations which extend through the thickness of the holographic structure so as to reveal said underlying regions of the second opaque layer.
  • the second perforations are through perforations which extend through the thickness of the second layer so as to reveal, together with the second part of the first perforations located opposite, said underlying regions of the third opaque layer through the first and second layers.
  • the lightened areas are areas that are brighter than the dark areas.
  • the first laser radiation is at a first spectrum of wavelengths different from the spectrum of visible wavelengths.
  • the third layer is transparent with respect to the first and second laser radiation.
  • the invention generally relates to the formation of a color image and relates in particular to a secure document comprising such an image.
  • the invention proposes to form a color image in a secure manner from a metallic holographic layer forming an arrangement of pixels and an opaque layer located opposite the metallic holographic layer.
  • the metallic holographic layer includes perforations (or holes) locally revealing dark (opaque, non-reflective) areas in the pixel arrangement caused by underlying (corresponding) regions of the opaque layer located opposite the perforations, so forming a personalized image from the arrangement of pixels combined with the dark areas.
  • the invention relates in particular to a secure document comprising a first layer comprising a metallic holographic structure forming an arrangement of pixels each comprising a plurality of sub-pixels of distinct colors; and a second layer positioned opposite the first layer.
  • This second layer is opaque with respect to at least the visible wavelength spectrum.
  • the first layer comprises perforations formed by a first laser radiation (or laser etching), these perforations (or at least a part of them) locally revealing through the holographic structure dark (or black) areas in the undersides. pixels caused by underlying (corresponding) regions of the second opaque layer located opposite the perforations, so as to form a personalized image from the arrangement of pixels combined with the dark areas.
  • a personalized image in color or black and white, which is of good quality (in particular with good contrast), easy to authenticate, robust with respect to the risks of fraud, falsification or counterfeiting, while avoiding the use of a laserable layer which requires laser carbonization which, as already described, can generate air bubbles (blistering) and therefore cause destruction or irreversible damage to the structure.
  • a laserable layer which requires laser carbonization which, as already described, can generate air bubbles (blistering) and therefore cause destruction or irreversible damage to the structure.
  • the invention also relates to a method of forming such a personalized image.
  • a document comprising a color image according to the principle of the invention.
  • This document can be any document, called a secure document, of the booklet, card or other type.
  • the invention finds particular applications in the formation of identity images in identity documents such as: identity cards, credit cards, passports, driving licenses, secure entry badges, etc.
  • security documents banknotes, notarized documents, official certificates, etc. comprising at least one color image.
  • the image according to the invention can be formed on any suitable support.
  • the exemplary embodiments described below aim to form an identity image. It is however understood that the color image considered can be arbitrary. It may for example be an image representing the portrait of the holder of the document concerned, other implementations being however possible.
  • the color image IG can be formed on any support.
  • the figure 4 represents, according to a particular embodiment, a secure document 20 comprising a document body 21 in or on which is formed a secure image IG according to the concept of the invention.
  • the secure document 20 is an identity document, for example in the form of a card, such as an identity card, identification badge or other.
  • the IG image is a color image whose pattern matches the document holder's portrait. As already indicated, however, other examples are possible.
  • the figure 5 represents a multi-layered structure 22 in an initial (virgin) state, from which can be formed a personalized IG color image as represented in figure 4 .
  • this structure 22 can be personalized in order to form a personalized image IG.
  • the structure 22 comprises a holographic layer 24 (also called “first layer”) and an opaque layer 34 (also called “second layer”) positioned opposite the holographic layer 24.
  • the holographic layer 24 is placed on the opaque layer 34, although variants are possible in which one or more intermediate layers are present at the interface between the holographic layer 24 and the opaque layer 34.
  • the opaque layer 34 is spaced from the holographic layer by a transparent layer.
  • the establishment of a spacing between the opaque layer and the holographic layer can make it possible in particular to obtain a color variation effect in the final image in the particular case where the opaque layer is also perforated or laser-engraved as described later. ( Figures 13-14 ).
  • the holographic layer 24 comprises a metallic holographic structure 32 forming an arrangement 29 of pixels 30, each of these pixels 30 comprising a plurality of sub-pixels 31 of distinct colors.
  • the holographic structure 32 intrinsically forms an arrangement 29 of pixels which is blank, in the sense that the pixels 30 do not include the information defining the pattern of the color image IG that it is desired to form. As described later, it is by combining this arrangement 29 of pixels with dark areas (illustrated in figure 6 ) revealing a pattern of the IG custom color image.
  • the holographic structure 32 produces the arrangement 29 of pixels 30 in the form of a hologram by diffraction, refraction and/or reflection of incident light.
  • the principle of the hologram is well known to those skilled in the art. Certain elements are listed below for reference. Examples of embodiments of holographic structures are described for example in the document EP 2 567 270 B1 .
  • the holographic layer 24 comprises a layer (or sub-layer) 26 as well as reliefs (or structures in relief) 30, containing three-dimensional information, which are formed from the layer 26 serving as a support.
  • These reliefs 30 form projecting portions (also called “mountains”) separated by recesses (also called “valleys”).
  • the holographic layer 22 further comprises a layer (or sub-layer) 28, called “high refractive index layer”, which has a refractive index n2 greater than the refractive index n1 of the reliefs 30 (it is assumed here that the reliefs 30 form an integral part of the layer 26 serving as a support, so that the reliefs 30 and the layer 26 have the same refractive index n1). It is considered here that this high refractive index layer 28 is a metal layer covering the reliefs 30 of the holographic layer 24. As understood by those skilled in the art, the reliefs 30 form in combination with the layer 28 a holographic structure 32 which produces a hologram (a holographic effect).
  • the reliefs 30 of the holographic structure 32 can be formed for example by embossing a layer of stamping varnish (included in the layer 26 in this example) in a known manner for producing diffractive structures.
  • the stamped surface of the reliefs 30 thus has the form of a periodic network whose depth and period can be respectively of the order of a hundred to a few hundred nanometers for example.
  • This stamped surface is coated with layer 34, for example by means of vacuum deposition of a metallic material.
  • the holographic effect results from the combination of the reliefs 30 and the layer 28 forming the holographic structure 32.
  • the holographic layer 24 may optionally comprise other sub-layers (not shown) necessary for maintaining the optical characteristics of the hologram and/or making it possible to ensure mechanical and chemical resistance of the assembly.
  • the metallic layer 28 with a high refractive index may comprise at least one of the following materials: aluminum, silver, copper, zinc sulphide, titanium oxide, etc.
  • the holographic layer 24 is transparent, so that the holographic effect producing the arrangement 29 of pixels 30 is visible by diffraction, reflection and refraction.
  • the holographic structure 32 is produced by any suitable method known to those skilled in the art.
  • layer 26 is a transparent varnish layer.
  • the thin layer 28 has for example a thickness of between 30 and 200 nm.
  • Layer 26 may be a heat-formable layer, thus allowing the reliefs 30 of holographic structure 32 to be formed by embossing on layer 26 serving as a support.
  • the reliefs 30 of the holographic structure 32 can be produced using an ultraviolet (UV) crosslinking technique.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • the second layer 34 positioned opposite the holographic layer 24 is opaque (non-reflective) with respect to at least the visible wavelength spectrum.
  • the second layer 34 absorbs at least the wavelengths in the visible spectrum. It is for example a dark layer (of black color for example).
  • the visible wavelength spectrum is approximately between 400 and 800 nanometers (nm), or more precisely between 380 and 780 nm in a vacuum. It should be noted that this second layer 34 can on the other hand be transparent to other wavelengths, in particular to infrared.
  • the opaque layer 34 is such that the black density of the secure image IG formed in the secure document 20 ( figure 4 ) from said opaque layer in particular is greater than the intrinsic black density of the holographic layer 24 without (independently of) the opaque layer 34.
  • the black density can be measured by means of a suitable measuring device (for example, a colorimeter or a spectrometer) .
  • the opaque layer 34 comprises an opaque black surface opposite the holographic layer 24 and/or comprises black or black opacifying (or dark) pigments in its mass.
  • the opaque layer 34 can notably comprise a black ink, or even a material tinted in its mass by black or opacifying (or dark) pigments.
  • the holographic structure 32 intrinsically forms an arrangement 29 of pixels which is blank, in the sense that the pixels 30 do not include the information defining the pattern of the color image IG that it is desired to form. In the initial state (before customization) shown in figure 5 , the structure 22 therefore forms no personalized image IG. As depicted in figure 6 in a particular embodiment, the multilayer structure can be personalized by combining the arrangement 29 of pixels with dark areas so as to reveal a pattern of the personalized image IG that one wishes to create.
  • the holographic layer 24 of the multilayer structure 22 also comprises perforations (or holes) 40 formed by a first laser radiation LS1 (or laser engraving).
  • the perforations 40 constitute “first perforations” within the meaning of the invention.
  • other types of perforations can also be made according to a particular embodiment.
  • the first perforations 40 constitute regions in which the holographic layer 24 is destroyed or eliminated by the perforation effect of the laser.
  • These perforations 40 locally reveal through the holographic structure 32 dark (or opaque, non-reflecting) areas 42 in the sub-pixels 31 caused by underlying regions (corresponding) 41 of the opaque layer 34 located opposite the perforations 40, so as to form a personalized color image IG from the arrangement 29 of pixels 30 combined with the dark areas 42.
  • the perforations 40 are through-perforations which extend through the thickness of the holographic structure 32 (and more generally through the thickness of the holographic layer 24) so as to reveal underlying regions 40 of the opaque layer 34 at the level of the arrangement 29 of pixels 30. so as to produce dark (or opaque) areas 42 in all or parts of sub-pixels 31.
  • the perforations 40 occupy all or part of a plurality of sub-pixels 31 of the holographic structure 32.
  • the opaque nature of the second layer 34 then generates dark (or opaque) zones 42 in the perforated parts of the sub-pixels 31.
  • the perforations 40 may have various shapes and dimensions which may vary depending on the case.
  • the perforations 40 are arranged so as to select the color of the pixels 30 by modifying the colorimetric contribution of the sub-pixels 31 relative to each other in at least part of the pixels 30 formed by the holographic layer 24, so to reveal the custom IG image from the arrangement 29 pixels combined dark areas 42.
  • the laser perforation in the holographic layer 24 leads to a local elimination (or deformation) of the geometry of the holographic structure 32, and more particularly of the reliefs 30 and/or of the layer 28 covering said reliefs. These local destructions lead to a modification of the behavior of light (i.e. reflection, diffraction, transmission and/or refraction of light) in the corresponding pixels and sub-pixels.
  • the creation of the dark zones 42 makes it possible in particular to modulate the passage of light so that, for at least part of the pixels 30, one sub-pixel or more has a contribution (or a colorimetric weight) increased or decreased relative to that of at least one other sub-pixel close to the pixel concerned.
  • the selective description, partial or total, of one or a plurality of sub-pixels 31 in at least part of the pixels 30, generates a modification of the holographic effect in the regions concerned.
  • the holographic effect is eliminated, or reduced, in the perforated regions of the holographic structure 27, which decreases (or even completely eliminates) the relative color contribution of the at least partially perforated sub-pixels 31 compared to at least one other neighboring sub-pixel 31 of the pixels 30 concerned.
  • the image IG thus created is a color image resulting from a selective modulation of the colorimetric contributions of sub-pixels 31 of color. It should be noted, however, that a personalized image IG in shades of gray can be produced in the same way, for example by adapting the colors of the sub-pixels 31 accordingly.
  • the laser radiation LS1 (also called “first laser radiation") used to form the perforations (or holes) 40 in the holographic structure 32 is preferably at a first spectrum of wavelengths SP1 different from the spectrum of wavelengths of the visible.
  • first laser radiation also called “first laser radiation”
  • a YAG laser for example at a wavelength of 1064 nm
  • a blue laser for example
  • a UV laser etc.
  • pulse frequency for example, a pulse frequency of between 1 kHz and 100 kHz, although other configurations can be envisaged. It is up to the person skilled in the art to choose the configuration of the laser radiation LS1 according to the specific case.
  • the holographic layer 24 (and more particularly the holographic structure 32) to at least partially absorb the energy delivered by the laser radiation LS1 to create the perforations 40 previously described.
  • the first laser radiation LS1 is characterized by a spectrum of wavelengths SP1 which is absorbed at least partially by the holographic structure 32.
  • the materials of the holographic layer 24 are therefore chosen accordingly.
  • the materials forming the holographic structure 32 are selected so that they do not absorb light in the visible.
  • the materials forming the holographic structure 32 are selected so that they do not absorb light in the visible.
  • perforations 40 by means of laser radiation emitting outside the visible spectrum and to generate a personalized image IG which is visible to the human eye by holographic effect. Examples of materials are described later (transparent polycarbonate, PVC, transparent glue, etc.).
  • the SP1 spectrum is preferably chosen so that the LS1 radiation is not absorbed by the opaque layer 34.
  • Additional layers can also be applied on either side of the multilayer structure 22, in particular to protect the assembly.
  • a transparent layer can thus be applied to the upper face of the holographic layer 24.
  • the invention advantageously makes it possible to create shades of colors so as to form a secure color image by the interaction between the uncovered opaque zones of the opaque layer and the arrangement of pixels formed by the holographic layer. Without the appearance of these opaque zones by perforation as described above to judiciously direct or select the passage of the incident light, the pixels only form a blank arrangement insofar as this set is devoid of the information characterizing the color picture. It is the perforations 40 which are configured, depending on the arrangement of sub-pixels chosen, to personalize the visual appearance of the pixels and thus reveal the final color image.
  • the laser carbonization of a lasérisable layer in a multilayer structure to create opacified zones requires to deliver a significant power in the structure, consequently causing a significant heating and the formation of air bubbles which are destructive in particular for the metallic holographic structure.
  • the invention it is possible to use laser radiation of lower power, or at least to apply a laser power lower than what would risk generating such air bubbles. By working at reduced laser power, the physical integrity of the metallic holographic structure is preserved.
  • the perforations 40 are formed by projecting the first laser radiation LS1 onto the holographic layer 24 at a power less than or equal to a first threshold value beyond which the "blistering" effect previously described is likely to occur, which makes it possible to ensure that no air bubbles are generated liable to damage the structure 22.
  • This first laser power threshold value is however variable and depends on each case of use (depends including types of hologram and characteristics of the laser used).
  • This first threshold value can be determined by a person skilled in the art, in particular by means of an appropriate experimental design which makes it possible to determine the laser power beyond which the laser causes destruction of the structure (appearance of bubbles).
  • the use of reduced laser power makes it possible to increase the lifetime of the lasers used and therefore to reduce manufacturing costs.
  • the use of materials which are not sensitive to the laser ie which does not have the capacity to become opacified locally under the effect of a laser also makes it possible to limit the manufacturing costs.
  • a holographic layer makes it possible to obtain an increased image quality, namely a better overall luminosity of the final image (more brilliance, more vivid colors) and a better capacity for color saturation. It is thus possible to form a high quality color image with an improved colorimetric gamut compared to a printed image for example.
  • a holographic structure to form the pixel arrangement is advantageous in that this technique offers high positioning accuracy. pixels and sub-pixels thus formed. This technique makes it possible in particular to avoid overlaps or misalignments between sub-pixels, which improves the overall visual rendering.
  • the invention makes it possible to produce personalized images that are easily authenticated and resistant to falsifications and fraudulent reproductions.
  • the level of complexity and security of the image which is achieved thanks to the invention is not at the expense of the quality of the visual rendering of the image.
  • the present invention makes it possible to limit the appearance of a color variation effect when the observation or illumination angle is varied.
  • the attenuation of this color variation effect can be obtained if the spacing of the opaque black layer with the hologram is relatively small (for example a spacing less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m, preferably in a range comprised in 0 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m) and/or if the low thickness of the black layer in certain cases of implementation limits this effect. If the spacing between the opaque black layer and the hologram exceeds the value of 250 ⁇ m, it may be necessary to significantly increase the size of the pixels of the holographic layer to limit the color variations in the hologram, which has result in reducing the resolution of the final image.
  • the opaque layer 34 is arranged in the multilayer structure 22 so as to face the holographic layer 24 which is also part of this multilayer structure 22.
  • the opaque layer 22 can be fixed or formed directly on or under the holographic layer 24, or optionally at least one transparent layer, can separate the opaque layer 22 from the holographic layer 22.
  • the production of the secure document 20 requires that the opaque layer 34 can be positioned facing the holographic layer 24 to reveal in particular the dark areas 42 as previously described.
  • the opaque layer 34 and the holographic layer 24 it is not compulsory for the opaque layer 34 and the holographic layer 24 to be part of the same multilayer structure.
  • the holographic layer 24 and the opaque layer 34 are positioned at different parts secure document 20, these parts being movable so that the opaque layer 34 can be positioned opposite the holographic layer 24 in order to reveal the dark zones 42 and thus form the personalized image IG.
  • the secure document 20 can for example take the form of a booklet (a passport for example), of which a first page comprises the holographic layer 24 and another page comprises the opaque layer 34, the two pages being mobile so that it is possible to position the opaque layer 34 opposite the holographic layer 24 in order to reveal the personalized image IG.
  • the first page comprises a transparent window in which the holographic layer 24 is placed and the opaque layer 34 is positioned on the page adjoining this first page. In this way, the personalized IG image can be read in reflection with the opaque layer positioned at the back, and also in transmission without the use of the black layer.
  • This variant makes it possible in particular, in the case where laser perforations are made in the holographic layer and in the opaque layer (see below with reference to the figures 13- 14 ), to make these perforations at different stages which limits the risk of interference (disturbances) between the two laser engravings (so that the laser perforation of the holographic layer does not affect the opaque layer, and Conversely).
  • the physical separation of the holographic layer and the opaque layer can be advantageous if it is desired to carry out these two laser engravings separately because it is possible in particular to use the same laser to engrave the opaque layer and the holographic layer while avoiding the cross interference problems mentioned above.
  • the figure 7 is a view representing perforations 40 produced by means of laser radiation LS1 in the holographic structure 32 as previously described with reference to the figures 5-6 .
  • the perforations have variable sizes, with diameters comprised approximately between 9 and 35 micrometers ( ⁇ m).
  • the perforations 40 can be arranged in various ways in the holographic layer 24. According to a particular example, it is possible to play on the size of the perforations 40 and/or on the number of perforations in order to obtain a hole density required in certain zones of the arrangement 29 of pixels where one wishes to reveal (or uncover) underlying regions 41 of the opaque layer 34.
  • the perforations 40 can for example be arranged in a matrix (orthogonal or not) of rows and columns.
  • the perforations 40 have a constant diameter. It is by varying the number and position of the holes 40 that the desired shades of color are obtained.
  • the figure 8 schematically illustrates the arrangement 29 of pixels 30 in the virgin state as described with reference to the figure 5 (that is to say without the perforations 40), as well as the arrangement 29 of pixels 30 once personalized by the dark or opaque areas 42 so as to reveal the personalized image IG as described with reference to figure 6 .
  • the figures 9A and 9B illustrate the contribution of the opaque layer 34 present under the arrangement 29 of pixels, in the multilayer structure 22, to produce a personalized image IG.
  • the figure 9A represents an example of a personalized image produced according to the concept of the invention.
  • the custom image is a black and white face of an individual.
  • the Figure 9B represents the image obtained this time without the opaque layer 34 under the arrangement 29 of pixels.
  • the opaque layer 34 makes it possible to provide strong contrast in the final IG image and thus to significantly improve the quality of the image.
  • the figure 10 shows examples of reliefs 30 of a holographic structure 32, comprising protruding portions and recesses.
  • Various shapes and dimensions of the holographic structure are possible within the scope of the present invention.
  • the holographic layer 24 may be encapsulated or assembled with various other layers. Moreover, as already indicated, the holographic layer 24 forms an arrangement 29 of pixels 30. Each pixel 30 comprises a plurality of sub-pixels 31 of color.
  • each pixel 30 comprises 3 sub-pixels 31.
  • the number, the shape and more generally the configuration of the pixels and sub-pixels can however vary depending on the case.
  • An external observer OB can thus visualize according to a particular direction of observation the arrangement 29 of pixels from light refracted, reflected and/or diffracted from the holographic structure 32 of the holographic layer 24.
  • each pixel 30 is formed by a region of the holographic structure 32 present in the holographic layer 12. It is considered here that the reliefs 30 of the holographic structure 32 ( figures 5-6 ) form parallel lines 34 of sub-pixels, other implementations being however possible.
  • its constituent sub-pixels 31 are thus formed by a portion of a respective line 34, this portion constituting a respective holographic grating (or holographic grating portion) configured to generate by diffraction and/or reflection a corresponding color said sub-pixel.
  • the pixels 30 thus comprise 3 sub-pixels of distinct colors, other examples being however possible. It is assumed that each sub-pixel 31 is monochromatic. Each holographic grating is configured to generate a color in each sub-pixel 31 corresponding to a predetermined viewing angle, this color being modified under a different viewing angle. It is assumed for example that the sub-pixels 31 of each pixel 30 respectively present a distinct fundamental color (for example green/red/blue or cyan/yellow/magenta) according to a predetermined viewing angle.
  • a distinct fundamental color for example green/red/blue or cyan/yellow/magenta
  • the holographic networks corresponding to the three lines 34, which form the sub-pixels 31 of the same pixel 30, have particular geometric specifications so as to generate a desired distinct color.
  • the holographic gratings forming the 3 sub-pixels 31 in this example have a width denoted I and a pitch between each holographic grating denoted p.
  • the lines 34 of sub-pixels as represented in figures 11A and 11B are contiguous (no space or white area being present between the lines of sub-pixels).
  • the invention thus makes it possible to form rows of sub-pixels which are contiguous, that is to say adjacent to each other without it being necessary to leave separating white zones between each row, or possibly by keeping Separating white zones but of limited size between the lines of sub-pixels (with a small pitch p).
  • This particular configuration of the holographic gratings makes it possible to substantially improve the quality of the final image IG (better color saturation) compared to conventional image formation techniques which do not make use of a holographic structure.
  • This is possible in particular because the formation of holographic structures makes it possible to achieve better positioning precision of the sub-pixels and better homogeneity than by conventional printing of the sub-pixels (by offset or other).
  • the arrangement 29 of pixels 30 formed by the holographic layer 24 can occur in various forms. Examples of embodiments are described below.
  • the arrangement 29 of pixels can be configured so that the sub-pixels 31 are uniformly distributed in the holographic layer 24.
  • the sub-pixels 31 can for example form parallel lines of sub-pixels or else a network in the shape of a hexagon (of the Bayer type), other examples being possible.
  • the sub-pixels 31 can for example form an orthogonal matrix.
  • Pixels 30 can be evenly distributed in array 29 so that the same pattern of sub-pixels 31 repeats periodically in holographic layer 24.
  • each pixel 30 of the arrangement 29 of pixels can be configured so that each sub-pixel 31 has a unique color in said pixel considered.
  • each pixel 30 in the arrangement 29 of pixels forms an identical pattern of color sub-pixels.
  • the pixels 30 of the arrangement 29 of pixels are rectangular (or square) in shape and comprise 3 sub-pixels 31a, 31b and 31c (collectively denoted 31) of distinct colors.
  • the sub-pixels 31 can each be formed by a portion of a line 34 of sub-pixels.
  • the tiling 29 thus forms a matrix of rows and columns of pixels 30, orthogonal to one another.
  • the figure 12B is a top view representing another example of regular tiling in which each pixel 30 is composed of 3 sub-pixels 31, denoted 31a to 31c, each of a distinct color.
  • the sub-pixels 31 are here hexagonal in shape.
  • the figure 12C is a top view representing another example of regular tiling in which each pixel 30 is composed of 4 sub-pixels 31, denoted 31a to 31d, each of a distinct color.
  • the sub-pixels 31 are here triangular in shape.
  • each pixel 30 For each of the arrangements of pixels considered, it is possible to adapt the shape and the dimensions of each pixel 30 and also the dimensions of the separating white zones present, if necessary, between the sub-pixels, so as to achieve the desired maximum color saturation level and desired brightness level.
  • a multilayer structure 23 is now described with reference to the figure 13 according to a particular embodiment. This multilayer structure 23 is made so as to form a personalized image IG.
  • the multilayer structure 23 is similar to the multilayer structure 22 previously described with reference to the figures 5-6 and differs mainly in that the multilayer structure 23 comprises a third layer 50 under the opaque layer 34 and in that the opaque layer 34 comprises perforations 52 as described below.
  • the multilayer structure 23 comprises a third layer 50 located opposite the opaque layer 34 so that this opaque layer 34 is interposed between the holographic layer 26 and the third layer 50.
  • the third layer 50 is a transparent layer or a lighter color (or brighter, or brighter) than the opaque layer 34, so as to form a background vis-à-vis the final personalized IG image.
  • the opaque layer 34 comprises perforations (or holes) 52 formed by a second laser radiation LS2 (or laser engraving) different from the first laser radiation LS1 used to form the perforations 40 in the holographic structure 32.
  • the perforations 52 formed in the opaque layer 34 constitute second perforations within the meaning of the invention.
  • the second perforations 52 constitute regions in which the opaque layer 34 is destroyed or eliminated by the perforation effect of the laser (formation of holes).
  • these second laser perforations 52 do not form holes as such but constitute regions of the opaque layer 34 whose physicochemical properties are altered (so-called “photobleaching” technique) by a chemical reaction caused by the laser LS2 so as to modify the response to light of opacifying pigments (for example black opacifying pigments) present in said opaque layer 34.
  • opacifying pigments for example black opacifying pigments
  • These second perforations 54 are positioned in the extension of a part of the first perforations 40 so that the first and second perforations 40, 52 located opposite each other reveal locally through the holographic structure 32 and the opaque layer 34 of the lightened areas 56 in the sub-pixels 31, these lightened areas being caused by underlying (corresponding) regions 54 of the third layer 50 located opposite the second perforations 52, thus forming a personalized image IG to from the 29 arrangement of 30 pixels combined with 42 dark areas and 56 bright areas.
  • first part - of the perforations 40 locally reveals through the holographic structure 32 dark (or opaque) areas 42 in the sub-pixels 31 caused by underlying regions 41 of the opaque layer 34 located opposite these first perforations 40.
  • another part of the perforations 40 namely one or a plurality of them
  • second part - is located opposite, or in alignment with, respective second perforations 54 formed in the third layer 50.
  • the first and second perforations 40, 52 located opposite each other thus collectively form through perforations, in the layer holographic 22 and in the opaque layer 34, making it possible to collectively discover underlying regions 54 of the third background layer 50.
  • the size and dimensions of the second perforations 52 may vary depending on the case. Although being located in the extension of first perforations 40, it is not necessary for the second perforations 52 to have a diameter identical to the first perforations 40 which they face. On the other hand, it is necessary that at least a part of each second perforation 52 be positioned opposite at least part of a corresponding first perforation 40 in order to reveal in the personalized image IG an underlying region 54 of the third layer 50.
  • the second perforations 52 are through perforations which extend through the thickness of the second opaque layer 34 (at the underlying regions 41) so as to reveal, together with the first perforations 40 located opposite opposite the underlying regions 54 of the third layer 50 at the level of the arrangement 29 of pixels 30.
  • underlying regions 54 of the third layer 50 so as to produce, in all or parts of sub-pixels 31, lightened areas compared to dark areas 42.
  • the lightened areas 56 are areas that are brighter (or brighter) than the dark areas 42.
  • the IG color image thus produced comprises at least one dark or opaque zone 42 (revealed by a respective perforation 40) and at least one brightened zone 56 (jointly revealed by a perforation 40 and a perforation 52 located opposite one from the other).
  • the first and second perforations 40, 52 are configured so that one or a plurality of first perforations 40 simultaneously reveal one (or more) dark zone 42 caused by an underlying region 41 of the layer opaque 34 and one (or more) lightened area 56 caused by an underlying region 54 of the third layer 50.
  • the second perforations 52 are arranged so as to select the color of the pixels 30 by modifying the colorimetric contribution of the sub-pixels 31 relative to each other in at least part of the pixels 30 formed by the holographic layer 24, so as to reveal the personalized image IG from the arrangement 29 of pixels combined this time with the dark areas 42 and the lightened areas 56.
  • lightened areas 56 By revealing lightened areas 56 instead of dark areas 42, it is possible to adapt the levels of gray (or shades of colors) in the pixels 30 by modifying the colorimetric contribution of certain sub-pixels, relative to each other, in the visual rendering of the final IG image.
  • the creation of lightened areas 56 makes it possible in particular to lighten at least part of certain sub-pixels 31.
  • the image IG thus created is a color image resulting from a selective modulation of the colorimetric contributions of sub-pixels 31 of color. It should be noted, however, that a personalized image IG in shades of gray can be produced in the same way, for example by adapting the colors of the sub-pixels 31 accordingly.
  • the LS2 laser radiation (also called “second laser radiation”) used to form the second perforations (or holes) 52 in the opaque layer 34 is different from the first LS1 radiation used to form the first perforations 40 in the holographic structure 32.
  • the first and second laser radiation LS1, LS2 preferably have distinct wavelength spectra. It is thus possible to selectively form perforations in one of the holographic structure 32 and the opaque layer 34 without perforating the other.
  • the second laser radiation LS2 is at a second spectrum of wavelengths SP2 which is absorbed at least partially by the second opaque layer 34 to be able to create the second perforations 52.
  • the second laser radiation LS2 is characterized by a spectrum of wavelengths SP2 which is absorbed at least partially by the second layer 34.
  • the materials of the third layer 50 are therefore chosen accordingly.
  • the third layer 50 serving as a support layer for the opaque layer 34 its characteristics must be chosen so that this third layer 50 retains its physical or mechanical properties during the etching by means of the lasers LS1 and/or LS2.
  • the composition of the third layer 50 therefore depends on the types and materials of the holographic layer and of the opaque layer as well as the characteristics of the SP1 and SP2 lasers used.
  • the second spectrum SP2 is preferably chosen so that the second radiation LS2 is not absorbed by the holographic structure 32 (although this variant is possible).
  • the third layer 50 is transparent with respect to the second and third laser radiation LS1, LS2.
  • the third layer 50 does not absorb the laser radiation LS1 and LS2 which makes it possible not to affect this background layer when the perforations 40 and 52 are formed.
  • the second perforations 52 it is possible for example to use a YAG type LS2 laser, a blue laser, a UV laser, etc. It is also possible to apply, for example, a pulse frequency of between 1 kHz and 100 kHz, although other configurations can be envisaged. It is up to the person skilled in the art to choose the configuration of the laser radiation LS1 according to the specific case.
  • the second perforations 52 are formed by projecting the second laser radiation LS2 onto the opaque layer 34 at a power less than or equal to a second threshold value beyond which the "blistering" effect previously described is likely to occur, which makes it possible to ensure that no air bubbles are generated liable to damage the structure 23.
  • this second laser power threshold value is variable and depends on each use case (depends in particular on the type of hologram and the opaque layer, and the characteristics of the laser used).
  • This second threshold value can be determined by a person skilled in the art, in particular by means of an appropriate experimental design which makes it possible to determine the laser power beyond which the laser causes destruction of the structure (appearance of bubbles).
  • the present invention also relates to a manufacturing method for manufacturing a personalized image IG according to any one of the preceding embodiments described. Also, the various variants and technical advantages described above with reference to the multilayer structures 22 and 23, and more generally to a personalized image in accordance with the concept of the invention, apply analogously to the manufacturing method of the invention to obtain such an image or structure.
  • a method of making an IG color image as previously described is now described with reference to the figure 14 , according to a particular embodiment. It is assumed for example that a color image IG is formed in a document 20 as illustrated in figure 4 .
  • a first holographic layer 22 is thus supplied as already described above.
  • This holographic layer 32 therefore comprises a metallic holographic structure 32 forming an arrangement 29 of pixels 30 each comprising a plurality of sub-pixels 31 of distinct colors.
  • the different characteristics and variants of the holographic layer 22 (including the arrangement 29 of pixels) described above with particular reference to the figures 5-6 apply analogously to the manufacturing process.
  • the supply step S2 comprises the supply of an under-layer of varnish 26 forming the reliefs 30 of a holographic network; and the formation of a metal underlayer 28 on the reliefs 30 of the varnish underlayer 26, the metal underlayer 28 having a refractive index greater than that of the varnish underlayer ( figures 5-6 ).
  • Layer 26 may for example be a thermo-formable layer thus allowing the reliefs 30 of the holographic structure 32 to be formed by embossing on the layer 26 serving as a support.
  • the reliefs 30 of the holographic structure 32 can be made using a UV crosslinking technique, as already indicated. These manufacturing techniques being known to those skilled in the art, they are not described in more detail for the sake of simplicity.
  • a layer of adhesive and/or glue can also be used to ensure adhesion of the holographic layer 24 to a support (not shown).
  • a second layer 34 is positioned (or deposited, or formed) facing the first holographic layer 22, this second layer 34 being opaque with respect to at least the length spectrum d wave of the visible as already explained.
  • the different characteristics and variants of the opaque layer 24 described above with particular reference to the figures 5-6 apply analogously to the manufacturing process.
  • first perforations (or holes) 40 are formed in the first holographic layer 22 by a first laser radiation LS1 ( figure 6 ).
  • the first perforations 40 thus occupy all or part of a plurality of sub-pixels 31 of the holographic structure 32.
  • At least a first part of the first perforations 40 locally reveals through the holographic structure dark (or opaque) areas 42 in the sub-pixels 31, these dark areas being caused (or produced) by underlying regions 41 of the second opaque layer 34 located facing said at least a first part of the first perforations 40, so as to form a personalized image IG from 29 pixels arrangement combined with 42 dark areas.
  • step S6 a multilayer structure 22 is thus obtained as previously described with reference to the figure 6 .
  • each first perforation 40 opens onto an underlying region 41 of the opaque layer 34 so as to reveal corresponding dark zones in the final image IG.
  • a non-zero part of the first perforations 40 are located opposite second perforations 52 made in the opaque layer 34 so as to reveal lightened areas 56 in the arrangement 29 of pixels 30.
  • the perforations 40 are here through perforations which extend through the thickness of the holographic structure 32 (and more generally through the thickness of the holographic layer 24) so as to reveal regions under -jacent 40 of the opaque layer 34 at the level of the arrangement 29 of pixels 30. 41 of the opaque layer 34 so as to produce dark (or opaque) areas 42 in all or parts of sub-pixels 31.
  • the personalized image IG thus created is a color image resulting from a selective modulation of the colorimetric contributions of sub-pixels 31 of color. It should be noted, however, that a personalized image IG in shades of gray can be produced in the same way, for example by adapting the colors of the sub-pixels 31 accordingly.
  • the first laser radiation LS1 used in S6 to form the perforations 40 in the holographic structure 32 is preferably at a first spectrum of wavelengths SP1 different from the spectrum of wavelengths of the visible.
  • a YAG laser (1064 nm)
  • a blue laser a UV laser
  • a pulse frequency of between 1 kHz and 100 kHz, although other configurations can be envisaged.
  • the holographic layer 24 (and more particularly the holographic structure 32) to absorb, at least partially, the energy delivered by the laser radiation LS1 to create the perforations 40 previously described.
  • the first laser radiation LS1 is characterized by a spectrum of wavelengths SP1 which is absorbed at least partially by the holographic structure 32.
  • the materials of the holographic layer 24 are therefore chosen accordingly.
  • the materials forming the holographic structure 32 are selected so that they do not absorb light in the visible. These may be transparent materials such as those used in particular in identity documents.
  • the holographic structure 32 is formed from at least one of the following materials: transparent polycarbonate, PVC, transparent glue, etc. In this way, it is possible to create perforations 40 by means of laser radiation LS1 emitting outside the visible spectrum and to generate a personalized image IG which is visible to the human eye by holographic effect.
  • the SP1 spectrum is preferably chosen so that the LS1 radiation is not absorbed by the opaque layer 34.
  • Additional layers can also be applied on either side of the multilayer structure 22 thus obtained ( figure 6 ), in particular to protect the whole.
  • a transparent layer can thus be applied to the upper face of the holographic layer 24.
  • the invention makes it possible to work at moderate laser power and thus to form a secure personalized image of good quality while avoiding generating heating which would risk producing destructive air bubbles in the structure.
  • a third layer 50 is thus positioned (or deposited) facing the second opaque layer 34 during a step S10 ( figure 14 ) so that this second opaque layer 34 is interposed between the first holographic layer 22 and the third layer 50.
  • This third layer 50 which is transparent or lighter in color (or brighter) than the second opaque layer 34, forms a background against the custom IG image you want to form.
  • second perforations 52 are formed in the second opaque layer 34 by a second laser radiation LS2 different from the first laser radiation LS1 used in S6 to form the first perforations 40.
  • the second perforations 40 are positioned in the extension of one or a plurality of first perforations 40 formed in S6 so that the first and second perforations 40, 52 located facing each other locally reveal through the holographic structure 32 and the second opaque layer 34 brightened areas 56 in the sub-pixels 31 caused by sub-pixel regions adjacent 54 of the third background layer 50 located opposite the second perforations 52, thus forming a personalized image IG from the arrangement 29 of pixels 30 combined with the dark areas 42 and the lightened areas 56.
  • a non-zero part of the first perforations 40 (for example a first group of first perforations 40) formed at S6 opens onto a respective underlying region 41 of the opaque layer 34 so as to reveal areas dark 42 corresponding in the final image IG
  • another, called second non-zero part of the first perforations 52 (for example a second group of first perforations 40) formed in S6 is positioned facing the second perforations 52 so as to revealing, together with the second perforations 52, corresponding brightened areas 56 in the final image IG.
  • the second laser radiation LS2 used in S12 to form the second perforations (or holes) 52 in the opaque layer 34 is different from the first radiation LS1 used in S6 to form the first perforations 40 in the holographic structure 32
  • the first and second laser radiation LS1, LS2 preferably have distinct wavelength spectra. It is thus possible to selectively form perforations in one of the holographic structure 32 and the opaque layer 34 without affecting the other.
  • the second laser radiation LS2 is at a second spectrum of wavelengths SP2 which is absorbed at least partially by the second opaque layer 34 in order to be able to create the second perforations 52.
  • the second laser radiation LS2 is characterized by an SP2 wavelength spectrum which is at least partially absorbed by the second layer 34.
  • the materials of the third layer 50 are therefore chosen accordingly.
  • the second spectrum SP2 is preferably chosen so that the second radiation LS2 is not absorbed by the holographic structure 32 (although this variant is possible).
  • the third layer 50 is transparent with respect to the second and third laser radiation LS1, LS2.
  • the third layer 50 does not absorb the laser radiation LS1 and LS2 which makes it possible not to affect this background layer when the perforations 40 and 52 are formed. Variants are however possible.
  • the third layer 50 is not necessarily transparent to the laser LS1 and LS2 but the absorption of the radiation LS1 and LS2 by this third layer 50 must be low so that its physical integrity (mechanical resistance and color) 50 is preserved.
  • the second perforations 52 it is possible for example to use a YAG type LS2 laser, a blue laser, a UV laser, etc. It is also possible to apply, for example, a pulse frequency of between 1 kHz and 100 kHz, although other configurations can be envisaged. It is up to the person skilled in the art to choose the configuration of the laser radiation LS1 according to the specific case.
  • step S6 and S12 steps S6 and S12; figure 14
  • steps S2, S4, S6 and S10 steps S2, S4, S6 and S10.
  • the perforations 40 and 52 can be made (S6, S12) simultaneously or in any order.

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Claims (13)

  1. Sicherheitsdokument (2), umfassend:
    - eine erste Schicht (24), die eine metallische holographische Struktur (32) umfasst, die eine Anordnung (29) von Pixeln (30) bildet, die jedes eine Vielzahl von Subpixeln (31) mit unterschiedlichen Farben aufweisen; und
    - eine gegenüber der ersten Schicht angeordnete zweite Schicht (34), wobei die zweite Schicht zumindest in Bezug auf das Wellenlängenspektrum des sichtbaren Lichts lichtundurchlässig ist;
    - wobei die erste Schicht erste Perforationen (40) umfasst, die durch eine erste Laserstrahlung (LS1) gebildet wurden, wobei mindestens ein erster Teil der ersten Perforationen (40) lokal durch die holographische Struktur hindurch dunkle Bereiche (42) in den Subpixeln freilegt, die durch darunter liegende Bereiche (41) der zweiten lichtundurchlässigen Schicht hervorgerufen werden, die dem mindestens einen ersten Teil der ersten Perforationen (40) derart gegenüberliegen, dass aus der Anordnung von Pixeln (30) in Kombination mit den dunklen Bereichen (42) ein individuell gestaltetes Bild (IG) gebildet wird.
  2. Dokument nach Anspruch 1, wobei jedes Pixel der Pixelanordnung so aufgebaut ist, dass jedes Subpixel innerhalb des Pixels eine einzigartige Farbe aufweist.
  3. Dokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei die erste Schicht Folgendes umfasst:
    - eine Lackunterschicht, die die Erhebungen eines holographischen Netzwerks bildet; und
    - eine Metallunterschicht, die auf die Erhebungen der Lackunterschicht aufgebracht ist, wobei die Metallunterschicht einen höheren Brechungsindex als die Lackunterschicht aufweist.
  4. Dokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die zweite lichtundurchlässige Schicht eine der ersten Schicht gegenüber liegende lichtundurchlässige schwarze Oberfläche umfasst oder in ihrer Masse lichtundurchlässig machende schwarze Pigmente umfasst.
  5. Dokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die erste Laserstrahlung in einem ersten Wellenlängenspektrum liegt, das sich vom Wellenlängenspektrum des sichtbaren Lichts unterscheidet.
  6. Dokument nach Anspruch 5, wobei der mindestens eine erste Teil der ersten Perforationen durchsetzende Perforationen sind, die sich durch die Dicke der holografischen Struktur derart hindurch erstrecken, dass die darunter liegenden Bereiche der zweiten lichtundurchlässigen Schicht freigelegt werden
  7. Dokument nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, umfassend eine dritte Schicht (50), die der zweiten Schicht (34) derart gegenüberliegt, dass die zweite Schicht zwischen der ersten Schicht (24) und der dritten Schicht (50) angeordnet ist,
    - wobei die dritte Schicht transparent oder von hellerer Farbe als die lichtundurchlässige zweite Schicht ist und in Bezug auf das individuell gestaltete Bild (IG) einen Hintergrund bildet,
    - wobei die zweite Schicht (34) zweite Perforationen (52) umfasst, die durch eine sich von der ersten Laserstrahlung unterscheidende zweite Laserstrahlung (LS2) gebildet werden, wobei die zweiten Perforationen in Verlängerung eines zweiten Teils der ersten Perforationen derart angeordnet sind, dass die einander gegenüberliegenden ersten und zweiten Perforationen lokal durch die holographische Struktur und die lichtundurchlässige zweite Schicht hindurch erhellte Bereiche in den Subpixeln freilegen, die durch darunter liegende Bereiche der dritten Schicht verursacht werden, die den zweiten Perforationen gegenüberliegen, wodurch aus der Pixelanordnung in Kombination mit den dunklen Bereichen und den erhellten Bereichen ein individuell gestaltetes Bild gebildet wird.
  8. Dokument nach Anspruch 7, wobei die zweiten Perforationen durchsetzende Perforationen sind, die sich durch die Dicke der zweiten Schicht hindurch derart erstrecken, dass zusammen mit dem zweiten Teil der gegenüberliegenden ersten Perforationen die darunter liegenden Bereiche der lichtundurchlässigen dritten Schicht durch die erste und die zweite Schicht hindurch freigelegt werden.
  9. Dokument nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, wobei die erhellten Bereiche Bereiche sind, die leuchtender sind als die dunklen Bereiche.
  10. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitsdokuments, umfassend:
    - Bereitstellen (S2) einer ersten Schicht (24), die eine metallische holographische Struktur (32) umfasst, die eine Anordnung (29) aus Pixeln (30) bildet, die jedes eine Vielzahl von Subpixeln (31) mit unterschiedlichen Farben aufweisen;
    - Anordnen (S4) einer zweite Schicht (34) gegenüber der ersten Schicht (24), wobei die zweite Schicht (34) zumindest in Bezug auf das Wellenlängenspektrum des sichtbaren Lichts lichtundurchlässig ist; und
    - Bilden von ersten Perforationen (40) in der ersten Schicht (24) durch eine erste Laserstrahlung, wobei mindestens ein erster Teil der ersten Perforationen (40) lokal durch die holographische Struktur hindurch dunkle Bereiche (42) in den Subpixeln freilegt, die durch darunter liegende Bereiche der zweiten lichtundurchlässigen Schicht (34) hervorgerufen werden, die dem mindestens einen ersten Teil der ersten Perforationen (40) derart gegenüberliegen, dass aus der Anordnung von Pixeln (30) in Kombination mit den dunklen Bereichen (42) ein individuell gestaltetes Bild (IG) gebildet wird.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, wobei die erste Laserstrahlung (LS1) bei einem ersten Wellenlängenspektrum (SP1) liegt, das sich vom Wellenlängenspektrum des sichtbaren Lichts unterscheidet.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, umfassend:
    - Anordnen (S10) einer dritten Schicht gegenüber der zweiten Schicht derart, dass die zweite Schicht zwischen der ersten Schicht und der dritten Schicht liegt, wobei die dritte Schicht transparent ist oder von hellerer Farbe als die lichtundurchlässige zweite Schicht ist und in Bezug auf das individuell gestaltete Bild einen Hintergrund bildet,
    - Bilden (S12) von zweiten Perforationen in der zweiten Schicht durch eine sich von der ersten Laserstrahlung unterscheidende zweite Laserstrahlung, wobei die zweiten Perforationen in Verlängerung eines zweiten Teils der ersten Perforationen derart angeordnet sind, dass die einander gegenüberliegenden ersten und zweiten Perforationen lokal durch die holographische Struktur und die lichtundurchlässige zweite Schicht hindurch erhellte Bereiche in den Subpixeln freilegen, die durch darunter liegende Bereiche der dritten Schicht verursacht werden, die den zweiten Perforationen gegenüberliegen, wodurch aus der Pixelanordnung in Kombination mit den dunklen Bereichen und den erhellten Bereichen ein individuell gestaltetes Bild gebildet wird.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, wobei die dritte Schicht in Bezug auf die erste und zweite Laserstrahlung transparent ist.
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JP4018632B2 (ja) * 2001-11-02 2007-12-05 レオナード クルツ ゲーエムベーハー ウント コンパニー カーゲー 第１のレーザー感光層と第２のレーザー感光層とを備えた多層体、およびそのような多層体に多層画像を作成する方法
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MX2022006468A (es) 2022-08-10
ZA202206587B (en) 2023-11-29
JP7481443B2 (ja) 2024-05-10
PL3828000T3 (pl) 2022-07-25
BR112022010305A2 (pt) 2022-08-16
CA3159704A1 (fr) 2021-06-03
SA522432765B1 (ar) 2024-04-15
FR3103736B1 (fr) 2021-12-10
KR20220107242A (ko) 2022-08-02
CA3159704C (fr) 2024-01-16
EP3828000A1 (de) 2021-06-02
US20230024208A1 (en) 2023-01-26
CN114728531A (zh) 2022-07-08
FR3103736A1 (fr) 2021-06-04
JP2023504133A (ja) 2023-02-01
CN114728531B (zh) 2023-06-23

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