EP3804863B1 - Application method and application system - Google Patents

Application method and application system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3804863B1
EP3804863B1 EP20209960.2A EP20209960A EP3804863B1 EP 3804863 B1 EP3804863 B1 EP 3804863B1 EP 20209960 A EP20209960 A EP 20209960A EP 3804863 B1 EP3804863 B1 EP 3804863B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
application
coating agent
component
application device
jet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20209960.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3804863A1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Georg Fritz
Benjamin WÖHR
Marcus Kleiner
Timo Beyl
Frank Herre
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Duerr Systems AG
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Duerr Systems AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
    • B05B12/12—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature position or movement of the target relative to the spray apparatus
    • B05B12/124—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature position or movement of the target relative to the spray apparatus responsive to distance between spray apparatus and target
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10—Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1002—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves
    • B05C11/1015—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves responsive to a conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature ; responsive to position or movement of the coating head relative to the target
    • B05C11/1018—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves responsive to a conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature ; responsive to position or movement of the coating head relative to the target responsive to distance of target
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/027—Coating heads with several outlets, e.g. aligned transversally to the moving direction of a web to be coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2252/00—Sheets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an application method and an application system for applying a coating agent (e.g. paint, sealant, release agent, adhesive, functional layer) to a component (e.g. a motor vehicle body part).
  • a coating agent e.g. paint, sealant, release agent, adhesive, functional layer
  • component e.g. a motor vehicle body part
  • a coating method is known in which a jet of droplets of the coating agent is generated, which impinges on the component surface to be coated.
  • the droplet disintegration of the initially continuous jet of coating agent is specifically forced by coupling in vibrations so that the disintegration length of the jet of coating agent is smaller than the painting distance, ie the distance between the application device and the component surface.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a correspondingly improved application method and a corresponding application system.
  • the invention preferably includes the general technical teaching, the droplet decay does not - as in DE 10 2010 019 612 A1 - to specifically force through a vibration coupling, but to use the continuous area of the coating medium jet for coating.
  • the application distance i.e. the distance between the outlet opening of the application device on the one hand and the component surface to be coated on the other hand
  • the application distance is therefore chosen to be smaller than the decay length of the coating agent jet, ie the length of the continuous area of the coating agent jet between the outlet opening of the application device on the one hand and the end of the continuous area at the transition to droplet collapse.
  • a jet of coating agent is therefore emitted from an application device in accordance with the prior art described at the outset, with the jet of coating agent initially having a continuous area in the jet direction after exiting the application device until a decay length is reached, whereupon the jet of coating agent then after the Decay length after exiting the application device according to the laws of nature ("natural decay according to Rayleigh") into droplets which are separated from one another in the direction of the jet.
  • the term of a coating medium jet used in the context of the invention includes both one and several coating medium jets, but for the sake of simplicity only the singular form is used below.
  • the jet of coating agent is to be distinguished from a mist of coating agent, such as that emitted by conventional rotary atomizers.
  • the jet of coating medium according to the invention is characterized by a continuous cross section, a small widening angle compared to an atomized mist and a very small lateral extension, which is particularly important when painting a detail.
  • the application method according to the invention provides in accordance with the prior art described at the outset that the application device is positioned relative to the component to be coated (e.g. motor vehicle body part) with a certain application distance between the application device and the component, so that the coating agent jet hits the component strikes and coats the component.
  • the component to be coated e.g. motor vehicle body part
  • the component it is also possible for the component to be coated over its entire surface with the coating agent, in that the jet of coating agent travels over the component surface in several paths lying next to one another or overlapping.
  • the application method differs from the prior art described at the outset in that the application distance is selected to be smaller than the disintegration length of the coating agent jet, so that the coating agent jet impinges on the component with its coherent area.
  • the application distance is selected to be smaller than the disintegration length of the coating agent jet, so that the coating agent jet impinges on the component with its coherent area.
  • coating agent used in the context of the invention is to be understood in general terms and includes, for example, paint (e.g. base paint, clear paint), sealant, release agent, functional layer and adhesive. In a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, however, detail painting is provided, with a paint being applied.
  • the functional layer category includes all layers that result in surface functionalization, such as adhesion promoters, primers, stone chip protection or layers to reduce transmission.
  • the jet of coating agent must apply a pattern to the component, such as a stripe (eg design stripe, decorative stripe).
  • a pattern used in the context of the invention is generally understood and not limited to stripes.
  • the pattern may also be a graphic such as a silhouette of a prancing horse on a hood or a checkered flag on a roof surface of an automobile body.
  • a pattern with sharp edges can be achieved, which is important for a high-quality appearance.
  • the term of a pattern with sharp edges used in the context of the invention means that the edge of the pattern has only very small deviations from a predetermined edge profile, which are smaller than 3 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.2 mm or even 0.1mm
  • the term of a pattern with sharp edges used in the context of the invention also means that no coating material spatters hit the component surface outside of the coated pattern.
  • the application method according to the invention is also suitable for flat component coating.
  • the jet of coating agent can be run over the component several times, with a coating agent web being applied in each case.
  • numerous parallel lines of coating medium can be applied by means of a meandering guidance of the coating medium jet.
  • the individual coating material webs do not run into one another, but instead form two or more separate strips in the finished state.
  • the term "pattern" used within the scope of the invention preferably refers to a strip that is applied to the component surface.
  • extremely narrow strips can advantageously be applied which have a width of less than 1 m, 10 cm, 5 cm, 2 cm, 1 cm, 5 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, 400 ⁇ m or even less than 200 ⁇ m can have.
  • the individual strip preferably has a width of at least 100 ⁇ m, 200 ⁇ m, 400 ⁇ m, 1 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 1 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm or even 1 m.
  • the application device not only emits a single jet of coating medium, but several jets of coating medium, which are aligned essentially parallel to one another.
  • the distance between the immediately adjacent jets of coating agent is preferably so large that the immediately adjacent jets of coating agent do not unite between the application device and the component, but rather impinge on the surface of the component as separate jets of coating medium, but still unite on the component to form one surface.
  • a plurality of application nozzles are provided for dispensing the individual jets of coating medium, which nozzles have a specific inner diameter and are arranged at a specific nozzle spacing.
  • the nozzle spacing between the immediately adjacent application nozzles is preferably at least three, four times or six times the inside diameter of the nozzle.
  • the individual application nozzles are preferably arranged together in a perforated plate, which enables cost-effective production.
  • the invention provides that the individual application nozzles or areas with a plurality of nozzles can be controlled independently of one another, so that the jets of coating medium emerging from the individual application nozzles have different operating parameters.
  • the exit speed of the coating agent from the application nozzles or the type of coating agent can be set individually for the individual application nozzles or areas.
  • the application device is moved relative to the component during the application of the coating agent, so that the jet of coating agent travels a corresponding path with its impact point on the component surface.
  • the application device can be stationary while the component is moved.
  • the movement speed is preferably at least 10 cm/s, 50 cm/s, 1 m/s, 1.5 m/s and at most 10 m/s, 5 m/s or at most 1 m/s.
  • the component is arranged in a stationary manner, while the application device is moved.
  • the moving speed is preferably at least 10 cm/s, 20 cm/s, 30 cm/s, 50 cm/s, 1 m/s or at least 2 m/s and at most 250 cm/s, 700 mm/s, 500 mm /s or at most 100 mm/s.
  • the relative movement between the application device and the component to be coated can be achieved by moving both the application device and the component to be coated.
  • the application device is moved relative to the component over the component surface, so that the coating agent jet travels a path with its point of impact on the component surface, which is then coated with the coating agent.
  • the jet of coating medium is briefly switched off or interrupted while the path is being traced on the component surface and then switched on again or continued, so that the traced path on the component surface has a gap that is not coated with the coating medium.
  • the jet of coating medium can be moved so slowly over the component surface and switched on or off so quickly that a spatial resolution of finer than 5 mm, 2 mm or 1 mm is achieved on the component. This is particularly advantageous when painting a detail of a sample.
  • An advantage of the application method according to the invention is the avoidance of overspray or the increase in application efficiency, i.e. the proportion of the applied coating agent that is actually deposited on the component surface.
  • the jet of coating medium is therefore preferably only switched on when the jet of coating medium actually impinges on the component surface.
  • the application device is therefore preferably moved towards the edge in the lateral direction with the coating agent jet switched off.
  • the jet of coating agent is only switched on when the application device is over the edge, so that the jet of coating agent that is switched on then actually hits the component.
  • the application device is then moved over the component to be coated along the component surface to be coated in order to apply a corresponding path of the coating agent.
  • the jet of coating agent is switched off again when the application device is moved over a lateral edge of the component to be coated, since the jet of coating agent would then no longer hit the component surface.
  • the spatial positions of the component to be coated and the application device are preferably detected in order to be able to derive from this whether the coating agent jet would impinge on the component surface.
  • the jet of coating agent is then preferably switched off when the detected positions of the component and application device indicate that the jet of coating agent would not hit the component surface.
  • the jet of coating agent can preferably only be switched on if the detected positions of the component and application device indicate that the jet of coating agent would actually hit the surface of the component.
  • the position detection mentioned above can take place, for example, by means of a camera, an ultrasonic sensor, an inductive or capacitive sensor or by means of a laser sensor.
  • a camera an ultrasonic sensor
  • an inductive or capacitive sensor or by means of a laser sensor.
  • the positions of the component and the application device are read out from a machine or robot controller if the component and the application device are positioned by a machine or a robot.
  • the application method according to the invention enables a high application efficiency, which can be greater than 80%, 90%, 95% or even greater than 99%, for example, so that essentially all of the applied coating agent is completely deposited on the component , without overspray to any significant extent.
  • the application method according to the invention also enables a relatively high area coating performance of at least 0.5 m 2 /min, 1 m 2 /min or 3 m 2 /min.
  • the surface coating performance can be increased in almost any way by increasing the number of application nozzles in the application device accordingly.
  • the volume flow of the applied coating agent and thus the exit speed of the coating agent are therefore preferably adjusted in such a way that the coating agent does not bounce off the component after it has hit the component.
  • the outlet speed of the coating agent is preferably at least 5 m/s, 7 m/s or 10 m/s and at most 30 m/s, 20 m/s or 10 m/s.
  • the application distance between the outlet opening of the application device on the one hand and the component surface on the other hand is preferably at least 4 mm, 10 mm or at least 40 mm and preferably at most 200 mm or 100 mm.
  • the application device is preferably moved by means of a multi-axis robot, which can have serial or parallel kinematics.
  • a multi-axis robot which can have serial or parallel kinematics.
  • Such robots are known per se from the prior art and therefore do not need to be described in more detail.
  • the coating agent can be a paint, which can be, for example, a base paint, a clear paint, an effect paint, a mica paint or a metallic paint. It should also be mentioned here that the coating agent can either be a water-based paint or a solvent-based paint.
  • the coating medium jet can preferably be switched on or off with a switching time of less than 50 ms, 20 ms, 10 ms, 5 ms or 1 ms.
  • the switching time is defined here as the minimum time required to switch the jet of coating agent off and then on again or to switch it on and then off again.
  • the invention also includes a corresponding application system, as can already be seen from the above description, so that a separate description of the application system can be dispensed with.
  • FIG 1 shows a conventional application system, such as from DE 10 2010 019 612 A1 is known.
  • An application technique 1 supplies an application device 2 with the necessary media, such as the coating agent to be applied, which can be a paint, for example.
  • the application device 2 has a perforated plate 3 in which numerous application nozzles 4 are formed.
  • Each of the application nozzles 4 of the perforated plate 3 emits a jet of coating agent 5, with the jets of coating agent 5 immediately after emerging from the application nozzles 4 initially being continuous over a disintegration length L DISPOSAL in the direction of the jet and then subsequently disintegrating into droplets, with the droplet disintegration in this conventional application system is deliberately forced by coupling in vibrations.
  • the application device 2 is positioned at an application distance d relative to a component 6 to be coated, the positioning being carried out in such a way that the application distance d is greater than the decay length L DECREASE .
  • figure 2 shows a modification of the conventional application system according to figure 1 towards the invention.
  • the application system according to the invention figure 2 corresponds in part to the conventional application system described above, so that to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, with the same reference symbols being used for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of the application system according to the invention is that the application device 2 is positioned relative to the component 6 in such a way that the application distance d is smaller than the disintegration length L ZERFALL . This means that the coating medium jets 5 impinge on the surface of the component 6 with their area connected in the jet direction, which leads to a better painting result.
  • the droplet breakup of the coating medium jets 5 is not deliberately forced by the coupling in of oscillations, since the droplet breakup is specifically intended to be prevented within the scope of the invention.
  • the application system according to the invention enables the application of sharp-edged patterns, as in the Figures 3A-3C and 4A-4C is shown and explained below.
  • Figure 3A a strip with sharp edges, as in accordance with the application system according to the invention figure 2 can be applied to the component 6.
  • Figures 3B and 3C show, on the other hand, embodiments of conventional strips with more or less frayed edges of the strip.
  • the Figures 4A-4C also show no sharp-edged stripes but unsuitable stripes with coating agent spatters on the side next to the actual stripes.
  • figure 5 shows a schematic representation of a strip 7 to illustrate the edge sharpness of the strip 7.
  • the strip 7 has a maximum deviation a from a predetermined edge profile, the deviation a preferably being less than 3 mm, 1 mm or 0.5 within the scope of the invention mm.
  • FIGS. 6A-6D show in schematic form the application of a paint line to a component 9, the component 9 being delimited laterally by two edges 10, 11.
  • the coating material webs are applied by means of an application device 12, with the application device 12 being able to emit jets of coating material 13, as has already been described above.
  • the application device 12 is first brought up to the side of the component 9, as shown in Figure 6A is shown, with the jet of coating agent 13 initially being turned off, since the jet of coating agent 13 would not impinge on the component 9 if the application device 12 is still located laterally next to the edge 10 of the component 9 .
  • the application device 12 is then guided over the surface of the component 9 with the coating medium jet 13 switched on, as shown in FIG Figure 6C is shown.
  • the precise activation and deactivation of the coating agent jet 13 is made possible here by the positions of the application device 12 and the component 9 being detected by means of a camera sensor 14 .
  • an ultrasonic sensor instead of a camera sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an inductive or capacitive sensor or a laser sensor can also be used, which can be arranged in a fixed manner in the vicinity of the application device and the component, but can also be moved with the application device.

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  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Applikationsverfahren und eine Applikationsanlage zur Applikation eines Beschichtungsmittels (z.B. Lack, Dichtstoff, Trennmittel, Klebstoff, Funktionsschicht) auf ein Bauteil (z.B. ein Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteil).The invention relates to an application method and an application system for applying a coating agent (e.g. paint, sealant, release agent, adhesive, functional layer) to a component (e.g. a motor vehicle body part).

Aus DE 10 2010 019 612 A1 ist ein Beschichtungsverfahren bekannt, bei dem ein Tröpfchenstrahl des Beschichtungsmittels erzeugt wird, der auf die zu beschichtende Bauteiloberfläche auftrifft. Der Tröpfchenzerfall des zunächst kontinuierlichen Beschichtungsmittelstrahls wird hierbei gezielt durch Schwingungseinkopplung forciert, damit die Zerfallslänge des Beschichtungsmittelstrahls kleiner ist als der Lackierabstand, d.h. der Abstand zwischen Applikationsgerät und Bauteiloberfläche.Out of DE 10 2010 019 612 A1 a coating method is known in which a jet of droplets of the coating agent is generated, which impinges on the component surface to be coated. The droplet disintegration of the initially continuous jet of coating agent is specifically forced by coupling in vibrations so that the disintegration length of the jet of coating agent is smaller than the painting distance, ie the distance between the application device and the component surface.

Dieses bekannte Applikationsverfahren mittels eines Tröpfchenstrahls ist jedoch noch nicht vollständig befriedigend.However, this known application method by means of a jet of droplets is not yet completely satisfactory.

Ferner ist zum Stand der Technik hinzuweisen auf DE 38 35 078 C2 , WO 2010/046064 A1 , US 2004/0261701 A1 und DE 10 2009 004 878 A1 sowie auf den Wikipedia-Artikel "Flüssigkeitsstrahl".Furthermore, the prior art should be noted DE 38 35 078 C2 , WO 2010/046064 A1 , U.S. 2004/0261701 A1 and DE 10 2009 004 878 A1 as well as the Wikipedia article "Liquid jet".

Schließlich offenbart US 2004/0217202 A1 ein Applikationsverfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 und eine Applikationsanlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 14. Dieser Stand der Technik eignet sich jedoch kaum für die Aufbringung von Mustern.Finally revealed U.S. 2004/0217202 A1 an application method according to the preamble of claim 1 and an application system according to the preamble of claim 14. However, this prior art is hardly suitable for the application of patterns.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein entsprechend verbessertes Applikationsverfahren und eine entsprechende Applikationsanlage zu schaffen.The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a correspondingly improved application method and a corresponding application system.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Applikationsverfahren und eine entsprechende Applikationsanlage gemäß den unabhängigen Ansprüchen gelöst.This object is achieved by an application method according to the invention and a corresponding application system according to the independent claims.

Die Erfindung umfasst vorzugsweise die allgemeine technische Lehre, den Tröpfchenzerfall nicht - wie bei DE 10 2010 019 612 A1 - gezielt durch eine Schwingungseinkopplung zu forcieren, sondern den kontinuierlichen Bereich des Beschichtungsmittelstrahls zur Beschichtung zu nutzen. Der Applikationsabstand (d.h. der Abstand zwischen Austrittsöffnung des Applikationsgeräts einerseits und der zu beschichtenden Bauteiloberfläche andererseits) wird deshalb kleiner gewählt als die Zerfallslänge des Beschichtungsmittelstrahls, d.h. die Länge des kontinuierlichen Bereichs des Beschichtungsmittelstrahls zwischen der Austrittsöffnung des Applikationsgeräts einerseits und dem Ende des kontinuierlichen Bereichs am Übergang zum Tropfenzerfall. Dies hat zur Folge, dass der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl mit seinem zusammenhängenden Bereich auf das Bauteil auftrifft, was zu einem besseren Beschichtungsergebnis führt.The invention preferably includes the general technical teaching, the droplet decay does not - as in DE 10 2010 019 612 A1 - to specifically force through a vibration coupling, but to use the continuous area of the coating medium jet for coating. The application distance (i.e. the distance between the outlet opening of the application device on the one hand and the component surface to be coated on the other hand) is therefore chosen to be smaller than the decay length of the coating agent jet, ie the length of the continuous area of the coating agent jet between the outlet opening of the application device on the one hand and the end of the continuous area at the transition to droplet collapse. The consequence of this is that the spray of coating medium hits the component with its coherent area, which leads to a better coating result.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Applikationsverfahren wird also in Übereinstimmung mit dem eingangs beschriebenen Stand der Technik ein Beschichtungsmittelstrahl aus einem Applikationsgerät ausgegeben, wobei der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl nach dem Austreten aus dem Applikationsgerät bis zum Erreichen einer Zerfallslänge zunächst einen in Strahlrichtung zusammenhängenden Bereich aufweist, woraufhin der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl dann nach der Zerfallslänge nach dem Austreten aus dem Applikationsgerät gemäß den Naturgesetzen ("natürlicher Zerfall nach Rayleigh") in Tröpfchen zerfällt, die in der Strahlrichtung voneinander getrennt sind.In the application method according to the invention, a jet of coating agent is therefore emitted from an application device in accordance with the prior art described at the outset, with the jet of coating agent initially having a continuous area in the jet direction after exiting the application device until a decay length is reached, whereupon the jet of coating agent then after the Decay length after exiting the application device according to the laws of nature ("natural decay according to Rayleigh") into droplets which are separated from one another in the direction of the jet.

Der im Rahmen der Erfindung verwendete Begriff eines Beschichtungsmittelstrahls beinhaltet sowohl einen als auch mehrere Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen, im Folgenden wird jedoch der Einfachheit halber ausschließlich die singuläre Form verwendet. Der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl ist zu unterscheiden von einem Beschichtungsmittelnebel, wie er beispielsweise von herkömmlichen Rotationszerstäubern abgegeben wird. So zeichnet sich der erfindungsgemäße Beschichtungsmittelstrahl durch einen zusammenhängenden Querschnitt, einen im Vergleich zu einem Zerstäubungsnebel geringen Aufweitungswinkel und eine sehr geringe seitliche Ausdehnung auf, was insbesondere bei einer Detaillackierung wichtig ist.The term of a coating medium jet used in the context of the invention includes both one and several coating medium jets, but for the sake of simplicity only the singular form is used below. The jet of coating agent is to be distinguished from a mist of coating agent, such as that emitted by conventional rotary atomizers. Thus, the jet of coating medium according to the invention is characterized by a continuous cross section, a small widening angle compared to an atomized mist and a very small lateral extension, which is particularly important when painting a detail.

Darüber hinaus sieht das erfindungsgemäße Applikationsverfahren in Übereinstimmung mit dem eingangs beschriebenen Stand der Technik vor, dass das Applikationsgerät relativ zu dem zu beschichtenden Bauteil (z.B. Kraftfahrzeugkarosseriebauteil) mit einem bestimmten Applikationsabstand zwischen dem Applikationsgerät und dem Bauteil positioniert wird, so dass der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl auf das Bauteil auftrifft und das Bauteil beschichtet.In addition, the application method according to the invention provides in accordance with the prior art described at the outset that the application device is positioned relative to the component to be coated (e.g. motor vehicle body part) with a certain application distance between the application device and the component, so that the coating agent jet hits the component strikes and coats the component.

Durch eine geeignete Positionierung des Applikationsgeräts relativ zu dem Bauteil ist auf diese Weise auch eine Detaillackierung möglich, da der Querschnitt des Beschichtungsmittelstrahls relativ klein und definiert ist. Deshalb ist es auch möglich, nur einen entsprechend kleinen Bereich der Bauteiloberfläche selektiv zu beschichten.By suitably positioning the application device relative to the component, detailed painting is also possible in this way, since the cross section of the coating agent jet is relatively small and defined. It is therefore also possible to selectively coat only a correspondingly small area of the component surface.

Es ist jedoch alternativ auch möglich, dass das Bauteil flächig mit dem Beschichtungsmittel beschichtet wird, indem der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl die Bauteiloberfläche in mehreren nebeneinander liegenden oder sich überlappenden Bahnen abfährt.Alternatively, however, it is also possible for the component to be coated over its entire surface with the coating agent, in that the jet of coating agent travels over the component surface in several paths lying next to one another or overlapping.

In einem Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet sich das Applikationsverfahren von dem eingangs beschriebenen Stand der Technik dadurch, dass der Applikationsabstand kleiner gewählt wird als die Zerfallslänge des Beschichtungsmittelstrahls, so dass der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl mit seinem zusammenhängenden Bereich auf das Bauteil auftrifft. Bei dem eingangs beschriebenen bekannten Stand der Technik treffen also einzelne Tröpfchen des Beschichtungsmittels auf die Bauteiloberfläche auf, wohingegen gemäß der Erfindung ein kontinuierlicher Beschichtungsmittelstrahl auf das Bauteil auftrifft.In one exemplary embodiment, the application method differs from the prior art described at the outset in that the application distance is selected to be smaller than the disintegration length of the coating agent jet, so that the coating agent jet impinges on the component with its coherent area. In the known prior art described at the beginning, individual droplets of the coating agent hit the component surface, whereas according to the invention a continuous jet of coating agent impinges on the component.

Der im Rahmen der Erfindung verwendete Begriff eines Beschichtungsmittels ist allgemein zu verstehen und umfasst beispielsweise Lack (z.B. Basislack, Klarlack), Dichtstoff, Trennmittel, Funktionsschicht und Klebstoff. In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist jedoch eine Detaillackierung vorgesehen, wobei ein Lack appliziert wird. Unter die Kategorie Funktionsschicht fallen alle Schichten, die eine Oberflächenfunktionalisierung zur Folge haben, wie zum Beispiel Haftvermittler, Primer, Steinschlagschutz oder auch Schichten zur Verringerung der Transmission.The term "coating agent" used in the context of the invention is to be understood in general terms and includes, for example, paint (e.g. base paint, clear paint), sealant, release agent, functional layer and adhesive. In a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, however, detail painting is provided, with a paint being applied. The functional layer category includes all layers that result in surface functionalization, such as adhesion promoters, primers, stone chip protection or layers to reduce transmission.

Erfindungsgemäß muss der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl auf dem Bauteil ein Muster applizieren, wie beispielsweise einen Streifen (z.B. Designstreifen, Dekorstreifen). Der im Rahmen der Erfindung verwendete Begriff eines Musters ist jedoch allgemein zu verstehen und nicht auf Streifen beschränkt. Beispielsweise kann das Muster auch eine Grafik sein, wie beispielsweise eine Silhouette eines springenden Pferds auf einer Motorhaube oder eine Zielflagge auf einer Dachfläche einer Kraftfahrzeugkarosserie.According to the invention, the jet of coating agent must apply a pattern to the component, such as a stripe (eg design stripe, decorative stripe). However, the concept of a pattern used in the context of the invention is generally understood and not limited to stripes. For example, the pattern may also be a graphic such as a silhouette of a prancing horse on a hood or a checkered flag on a roof surface of an automobile body.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Applikationsverfahren lässt sich im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Zerstäubungsverfahren mittels Rotationszerstäubern ein randscharfes Muster erreichen, was für eine qualitativ hochwertige Anmutung wichtig ist. Zum einen bedeutet der im Rahmen der Erfindung verwendete Begriff eines randscharfen Musters, dass der Rand des Musters gegenüber einem vorgegebenen Randverlauf nur sehr geringe Abweichungen aufweist, die kleiner sind als 3 mm, 1 mm, 0,5 mm, 0,2 mm oder sogar 0,1 mm. Zum anderen bedeutet der im Rahmen der Erfindung verwendete Begriff eines randscharfen Musters aber auch, dass außerhalb des beschichteten Musters keine Beschichtungsmittelspritzer auf die Bauteiloberfläche auftreffen.With the application method according to the invention, in contrast to conventional atomization methods using rotary atomizers, a pattern with sharp edges can be achieved, which is important for a high-quality appearance. On the one hand, the term of a pattern with sharp edges used in the context of the invention means that the edge of the pattern has only very small deviations from a predetermined edge profile, which are smaller than 3 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.2 mm or even 0.1mm On the other hand, the term of a pattern with sharp edges used in the context of the invention also means that no coating material spatters hit the component surface outside of the coated pattern.

Es wurde bereits vorstehend kurz erwähnt, dass sich das erfindungsgemäße Applikationsverfahren auch zur flächigen Bauteilbeschichtung eignet. Hierbei kann der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl mehrfach über das Bauteil gefahren werden, wobei jeweils eine Beschichtungsmittelbahn appliziert wird. Auf diese Weise können durch eine mäanderförmige Führung des Beschichtungsmittelstrahls zahlreiche parallele Beschichtungsmittelbahnen appliziert werden.It has already been briefly mentioned above that the application method according to the invention is also suitable for flat component coating. In this case, the jet of coating agent can be run over the component several times, with a coating agent web being applied in each case. In this way, numerous parallel lines of coating medium can be applied by means of a meandering guidance of the coating medium jet.

Erfindungsgemäß verlaufen die einzelnen Beschichtungsmittelbahnen nicht ineinander, sondern bilden im fertigen Zustand zwei oder mehrere getrennte Streifen.According to the invention, the individual coating material webs do not run into one another, but instead form two or more separate strips in the finished state.

Es wurde bereits vorstehend kurz erwähnt, dass der im Rahmen der Erfindung verwendete Begriff eines Musters vorzugsweise auf einen Streifen abstellt, der auf die Bauteiloberfläche appliziert wird. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Applikationsverfahren lassen sich vorteilhaft äußerst schmale Streifen applizieren, die eine Breite von weniger als 1 m, 10 cm, 5 cm, 2 cm, 1 cm, 5 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, 400 µm oder sogar weniger als 200 µm aufweisen können. Allerdings weist der einzelne Streifen vorzugsweise eine Breite von mindestens 100 µm, 200 µm, 400 µm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 1 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm oder sogar 1 m auf.It has already been briefly mentioned above that the term "pattern" used within the scope of the invention preferably refers to a strip that is applied to the component surface. With the application method according to the invention, extremely narrow strips can advantageously be applied which have a width of less than 1 m, 10 cm, 5 cm, 2 cm, 1 cm, 5 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, 400 μm or even less than 200 μm can have. However, the individual strip preferably has a width of at least 100 μm, 200 μm, 400 μm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 1 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm or even 1 m.

Gemäß der Erfindung gibt das Applikationsgerät nicht nur einen einzigen Beschichtungsmittelstrahl ab, sondern mehrere Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen, die im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sind. Der Abstand zwischen den unmittelbar benachbarten Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen ist hierbei vorzugsweise so groß, dass sich die unmittelbar benachbarten Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen zwischen dem Applikationsgerät und dem Bauteil nicht vereinen, sondern als getrennte Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen auf die Bauteiloberfläche auftreffen, sich aber noch auf dem Bauteil zu einer Fläche vereinen. Zur Abgabe der einzelnen Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen sind mehrere Applikationsdüsen vorgesehen, die einen bestimmten Düseninnendurchmesser aufweisen und in einem bestimmten Düsenabstand angeordnet sind. Zur Vermeidung einer Vereinigung benachbarter Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen zwischen den Applikationsdüsen und der Bauteiloberfläche ist der Düsenabstand zwischen den unmittelbar benachbarten Applikationsdüsen vorzugsweise mindestens gleich dem Dreifachen, Vierfachen oder Sechsfachen des Düseninnendurchmessers.According to the invention, the application device not only emits a single jet of coating medium, but several jets of coating medium, which are aligned essentially parallel to one another. The distance between the immediately adjacent jets of coating agent is preferably so large that the immediately adjacent jets of coating agent do not unite between the application device and the component, but rather impinge on the surface of the component as separate jets of coating medium, but still unite on the component to form one surface. A plurality of application nozzles are provided for dispensing the individual jets of coating medium, which nozzles have a specific inner diameter and are arranged at a specific nozzle spacing. To avoid a union adjacent jets of coating medium between the application nozzles and the component surface, the nozzle spacing between the immediately adjacent application nozzles is preferably at least three, four times or six times the inside diameter of the nozzle.

Die einzelnen Applikationsdüsen sind hierbei vorzugsweise gemeinsam in einer Lochplatte angeordnet, was eine kostengünstige Herstellung ermöglicht.The individual application nozzles are preferably arranged together in a perforated plate, which enables cost-effective production.

Darüber hinaus sieht die Erfindung vor, dass die einzelnen Applikationsdüsen oder Bereiche mit mehreren Düsen unabhängig voneinander gesteuert werden können, so dass die aus den einzelnen Applikationsdüsen austretenden Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen unterschiedliche Betriebsgrößen aufweisen. Beispielsweise kann neben dem Volumenstrom auch die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Beschichtungsmittels aus den Applikationsdüsen oder die Art des Beschichtungsmittels für die einzelnen Applikationsdüsen bzw. Bereiche individuell eingestellt werden.In addition, the invention provides that the individual application nozzles or areas with a plurality of nozzles can be controlled independently of one another, so that the jets of coating medium emerging from the individual application nozzles have different operating parameters. For example, in addition to the volume flow, the exit speed of the coating agent from the application nozzles or the type of coating agent can be set individually for the individual application nozzles or areas.

Es wurde bereits vorstehend erwähnt, dass das Applikationsgerät während der Applikation des Beschichtungsmittels relativ zu dem Bauteil bewegt wird, so dass der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl mit seinem Auftreffpunkt auf der Bauteiloberfläche eine entsprechende Bahn abfährt.It has already been mentioned above that the application device is moved relative to the component during the application of the coating agent, so that the jet of coating agent travels a corresponding path with its impact point on the component surface.

In einer Variante der Erfindung kann das Applikationsgerät ortsfest angeordnet sein, während das Bauteil bewegt wird. Die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit beträgt hierbei vorzugsweise mindestens 10 cm/s, 50 cm/s, 1 m/s, 1,5 m/s und höchstens 10 m/s, 5 m/s oder höchstens 1 m/s. Diese Variante ist an sich bereits aus EP 1 745 858 A2 bekannt, so dass der Inhalt dieser Patentanmeldung der vorliegenden Beschreibung hinsichtlich der Relativbewegung von Applikationsgerät und Bauteil in vollem Umfang zuzurechnen ist.In a variant of the invention, the application device can be stationary while the component is moved. The movement speed is preferably at least 10 cm/s, 50 cm/s, 1 m/s, 1.5 m/s and at most 10 m/s, 5 m/s or at most 1 m/s. This variant is already over EP 1 745 858 A2 known, so the content this patent application is to be attributed to the present description with regard to the relative movement of application device and component in its entirety.

In einer anderen Variante der Erfindung wird dagegen das Bauteil ortsfest angeordnet, während das Applikationsgerät bewegt wird. Hierbei ist die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit vorzugsweise mindestens 10 cm/s, 20 cm/s, 30 cm/s, 50 cm/s, 1 m/s oder mindestens 2 m/s und höchstens 250 cm/s, 700 mm/s, 500 mm/s oder höchstens 100 mm/s.In another variant of the invention, on the other hand, the component is arranged in a stationary manner, while the application device is moved. Here, the moving speed is preferably at least 10 cm/s, 20 cm/s, 30 cm/s, 50 cm/s, 1 m/s or at least 2 m/s and at most 250 cm/s, 700 mm/s, 500 mm /s or at most 100 mm/s.

Ferner kann die Relativbewegung zwischen dem Applikationsgerät und dem zu beschichtenden Bauteil erreicht werden, indem sowohl das Applikationsgerät als auch das zu beschichtende Bauteil bewegt werden.Furthermore, the relative movement between the application device and the component to be coated can be achieved by moving both the application device and the component to be coated.

Es wurde bereits vorstehend kurz erwähnt, dass das Applikationsgerät relativ zu dem Bauteil über die Bauteiloberfläche bewegt wird, so dass der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl mit seinem Auftreffpunkt auf der Bauteiloberfläche eine Bahn abfährt, die dann mit dem Beschichtungsmittel beschichtet wird. Hierbei besteht die Möglichkeit, dass der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl während des Abfahrens der Bahn auf der Bauteiloberfläche kurz ausgeschaltet bzw. unterbrochen und anschließend wieder eingeschaltet bzw. fortgesetzt wird, so dass die abgefahrene Bahn auf der Bauteiloberfläche eine Lücke aufweist, die nicht mit dem Beschichtungsmittel beschichtet ist. Im Rahmen der Erfindung kann der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl so langsam über die Bauteiloberfläche bewegt und so schnell eingeschaltet bzw. abgeschaltet werden, dass auf dem Bauteil eine Ortsauflösung von feiner als 5 mm, 2 mm oder 1 mm erreicht wird. Dies ist insbesondere bei einer Detaillackierung eines Musters vorteilhaft.It has already been briefly mentioned above that the application device is moved relative to the component over the component surface, so that the coating agent jet travels a path with its point of impact on the component surface, which is then coated with the coating agent. There is the possibility that the jet of coating medium is briefly switched off or interrupted while the path is being traced on the component surface and then switched on again or continued, so that the traced path on the component surface has a gap that is not coated with the coating medium. Within the scope of the invention, the jet of coating medium can be moved so slowly over the component surface and switched on or off so quickly that a spatial resolution of finer than 5 mm, 2 mm or 1 mm is achieved on the component. This is particularly advantageous when painting a detail of a sample.

Ein Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Applikationsverfahrens besteht in der Vermeidung von Overspray bzw. in der Erhöhung des Auftragswirkungsgrads, d.h. des Anteils des applizierten Beschichtungsmittels, der sich auch tatsächlich auf der Bauteiloberfläche ablagert. Der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl wird deshalb vorzugsweise nur dann angeschaltet, wenn der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl auch tatsächlich auf die Bauteiloberfläche auftrifft. Bei der Beschichtung eines Bauteils mit einer seitlichen Kante wird das Applikationsgerät deshalb vorzugsweise bei abgeschaltetem Beschichtungsmittelstrahl in seitlicher Richtung an die Kante herangefahren. Der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl wird dann erst eingeschaltet, wenn sich das Applikationsgerät über der Kante befindet, so dass der eingeschaltete Beschichtungsmittelstrahl dann tatsächlich auf das Bauteil auftrifft. Anschließend wird das Applikationsgerät dann über das zu beschichtende Bauteil entlang der zu beschichtenden Bauteiloberfläche bewegt, um eine entsprechende Bahn des Beschichtungsmittels aufzutragen. Der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl wird dann wieder abgeschaltet, wenn das Applikationsgerät über eine seitliche Kante des zu beschichtenden Bauteils hinweg bewegt wird, da der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl dann anschließend nicht mehr auf die Bauteiloberfläche auftreffen würde.An advantage of the application method according to the invention is the avoidance of overspray or the increase in application efficiency, i.e. the proportion of the applied coating agent that is actually deposited on the component surface. The jet of coating medium is therefore preferably only switched on when the jet of coating medium actually impinges on the component surface. When coating a component with a lateral edge, the application device is therefore preferably moved towards the edge in the lateral direction with the coating agent jet switched off. The jet of coating agent is only switched on when the application device is over the edge, so that the jet of coating agent that is switched on then actually hits the component. The application device is then moved over the component to be coated along the component surface to be coated in order to apply a corresponding path of the coating agent. The jet of coating agent is switched off again when the application device is moved over a lateral edge of the component to be coated, since the jet of coating agent would then no longer hit the component surface.

Zur Ermöglichung des geeigneten Ein- bzw. Ausschaltens des Beschichtungsmittelstrahls werden vorzugsweise die räumlichen Positionen des zu beschichtenden Bauteils und des Applikationsgerätes erfasst, um daraus ableiten zu können, ob der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl auf die Bauteiloberfläche auftreffen würde. Der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl wird dann vorzugsweise abgeschaltet, wenn die erfassten Positionen von Bauteil und Applikationsgerät darauf schließen lassen, dass der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl nicht auf die Bauteiloberfläche auftreffen würde. Der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl kann dagegen vorzugsweise nur dann angeschaltet werden, wenn die erfassten Positionen von Bauteil und Applikationsgerät darauf schließen lassen, dass der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl auch tatsächlich auf die Bauteiloberfläche auftreffen würde.To enable the coating agent jet to be switched on and off appropriately, the spatial positions of the component to be coated and the application device are preferably detected in order to be able to derive from this whether the coating agent jet would impinge on the component surface. The jet of coating agent is then preferably switched off when the detected positions of the component and application device indicate that the jet of coating agent would not hit the component surface. The jet of coating agent, on the other hand, can preferably only be switched on if the detected positions of the component and application device indicate that the jet of coating agent would actually hit the surface of the component.

Die vorstehend erwähnte Positionserfassung kann beispielsweise mittels einer Kamera, eines Ultraschallsensors, eines induktiven oder kapazitiven Sensors oder mittels eines Lasersensors erfolgen. Es besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit, dass die Positionen von Bauteil und Applikationsgerät aus einer Maschinen- bzw. Robotersteuerung ausgelesen werden, sofern das Bauteil und das Applikationsgerät von einer Maschine bzw. einem Roboter positioniert werden.The position detection mentioned above can take place, for example, by means of a camera, an ultrasonic sensor, an inductive or capacitive sensor or by means of a laser sensor. However, there is also the possibility that the positions of the component and the application device are read out from a machine or robot controller if the component and the application device are positioned by a machine or a robot.

Es wurde bereits vorstehend erwähnt, dass das erfindungsgemäße Applikationsverfahren einen hohen Auftragswirkungsgrad ermöglicht, der beispielsweise größer sein kann als 80%, 90%, 95% oder sogar größer als 99%, so dass im Wesentlichen das gesamte applizierte Beschichtungsmittel vollständig auf dem Bauteil abgelagert wird, ohne dass in nennenswertem Umfang Overspray entsteht.It has already been mentioned above that the application method according to the invention enables a high application efficiency, which can be greater than 80%, 90%, 95% or even greater than 99%, for example, so that essentially all of the applied coating agent is completely deposited on the component , without overspray to any significant extent.

Darüber hinaus ermöglicht das erfindungsgemäße Applikationsverfahren auch eine relativ hohe Flächenbeschichtungsleistung von mindestens 0,5 m2/min, 1 m2/min oder 3 m2/min. Die Flächenbeschichtungsleistung lässt sich hierbei nahezu beliebig vergrößern, indem die Anzahl der Applikationsdüsen in dem Applikationsgerät entsprechend erhöht wird.In addition, the application method according to the invention also enables a relatively high area coating performance of at least 0.5 m 2 /min, 1 m 2 /min or 3 m 2 /min. The surface coating performance can be increased in almost any way by increasing the number of application nozzles in the application device accordingly.

Darüber hinaus ist zu erwähnen, dass verhindert werden sollte, dass der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl nach dem Auftreffen auf das Bauteil wieder von dem Bauteil abprallt, da dies zu störenden Beschichtungsmittelspritzern führen würde, die eine randscharfe Lackierung verhindern. Der Volumenstrom des applizierten Beschichtungsmittels und damit die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Beschichtungsmittels werden deshalb vorzugsweise so eingestellt, dass das Beschichtungsmittel nach dem Auftreffen auf das Bauteil nicht von dem Bauteil abprallt.In addition, it should be mentioned that it should be prevented that the coating medium jet after impact on the component bounces off the component again, since this would lead to disruptive coating material spatters that prevent sharp-edged painting. The volume flow of the applied coating agent and thus the exit speed of the coating agent are therefore preferably adjusted in such a way that the coating agent does not bounce off the component after it has hit the component.

Die Austrittsgeschwindigkeit des Beschichtungsmittels beträgt hierbei vorzugsweise mindestens 5 m/s, 7 m/s oder 10 m/s und höchstens 30 m/s, 20 m/s oder 10 m/s.The outlet speed of the coating agent is preferably at least 5 m/s, 7 m/s or 10 m/s and at most 30 m/s, 20 m/s or 10 m/s.

Der Applikationsabstand zwischen der Austrittsöffnung des Applikationsgeräts einerseits und der Bauteiloberfläche andererseits beträgt dagegen vorzugsweise mindestens 4 mm, 10 mm oder mindestens 40 mm und vorzugsweise höchstens 200 mm oder 100 mm.The application distance between the outlet opening of the application device on the one hand and the component surface on the other hand is preferably at least 4 mm, 10 mm or at least 40 mm and preferably at most 200 mm or 100 mm.

Ferner ist zu erwähnen, dass das Applikationsgerät vorzugsweise mittels eines mehrachsigen Roboters bewegt wird, der eine serielle oder parallele Kinematik aufweisen kann. Derartige Roboter sind an sich aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt und müssen deshalb nicht näher beschrieben werden.It should also be mentioned that the application device is preferably moved by means of a multi-axis robot, which can have serial or parallel kinematics. Such robots are known per se from the prior art and therefore do not need to be described in more detail.

Weiterhin wurde bereits vorstehend kurz erwähnt, dass das Beschichtungsmittel ein Lack sein kann, wobei es sich beispielsweise um einen Basislack, einen Klarlack, einen Effektlack, einen Micalack oder einen Metallic-Lack handeln kann. Hierbei ist auch zu erwähnen, dass es sich bei dem Beschichtungsmittel wahlweise um einen Wasserlack oder um einen Lösemittellack handeln kann.Furthermore, it has already been mentioned briefly above that the coating agent can be a paint, which can be, for example, a base paint, a clear paint, an effect paint, a mica paint or a metallic paint. It should also be mentioned here that the coating agent can either be a water-based paint or a solvent-based paint.

Ferner ist noch zu erwähnen, dass der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl im Rahmen der Erfindung vorzugsweise mit einer Umschaltdauer von weniger als 50 ms, 20 ms, 10 ms, 5 ms oder 1 ms eingeschaltet oder ausgeschaltet werden kann. Die Umschaltdauer ist hierbei definiert als die minimale Zeitdauer, die erforderlich ist, um den Beschichtungsmittelstrahl auszuschalten und anschließend wieder einzuschalten bzw. einzuschalten und anschließend wieder auszuschalten.It should also be mentioned that, within the scope of the invention, the coating medium jet can preferably be switched on or off with a switching time of less than 50 ms, 20 ms, 10 ms, 5 ms or 1 ms. The switching time is defined here as the minimum time required to switch the jet of coating agent off and then on again or to switch it on and then off again.

Neben dem vorstehend beschriebenen Applikationsverfahren umfasst die Erfindung auch eine entsprechende Applikationsanlage, wie sich bereits aus der vorstehenden Beschreibung ergibt, so dass auf eine separate Beschreiung der Applikationsanlage verzichtet werden kann.In addition to the application method described above, the invention also includes a corresponding application system, as can already be seen from the above description, so that a separate description of the application system can be dispensed with.

Andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet oder werden nachstehend zusammen mit der Beschreibung der bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Figuren näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer herkömmlichen Applikationsanlage,
  • Figur 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Applikationsanlage,
  • Figuren 3A-3C und 4A-4C verschiedene Darstellungen von randscharfen bzw. nicht randscharfen Streifen eines Beschichtungsmittels,
  • Figur 5 eine Darstellung eines Beschichtungsmittelstreifens zur Verdeutlichung der Randschärfe,
  • Figuren 6A-6D schematische Darstellungen zum Einschalten bzw. Ausschalten des Beschichtungsmittelstrahls bei einer Bauteillackierung, sowie
  • Figur 7 ein Flussdiagramm entsprechend den Figuren 6A-6D.
Other advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the dependent claims or are explained in more detail below together with the description of the preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the figures. Show it:
  • figure 1 a schematic representation of a conventional application system,
  • figure 2 a schematic representation of an embodiment of an application system according to the invention,
  • Figures 3A-3C and 4A-4C Different representations of sharp-edged or non-sharp-edged stripes of a coating agent,
  • figure 5 a representation of a coating agent stripe to clarify the edge sharpness,
  • Figures 6A-6D schematic representations for switching on and off the coating medium jet when painting a component, as well as
  • figure 7 a flow chart according to the Figures 6A-6D .

Figur 1 zeigt eine herkömmliche Applikationsanlage, wie sie beispielsweise aus DE 10 2010 019 612 A1 bekannt ist. Dabei versorgt eine Applikationstechnik 1 ein Applikationsgerät 2 mit den erforderlichen Medien, wie beispielsweise dem zu applizierenden Beschichtungsmittel, wobei es sich beispielsweise um einen Lack handeln kann. figure 1 shows a conventional application system, such as from DE 10 2010 019 612 A1 is known. An application technique 1 supplies an application device 2 with the necessary media, such as the coating agent to be applied, which can be a paint, for example.

Das Applikationsgerät 2 weist eine Lochplatte 3 auf, in der zahlreiche Applikationsdüsen 4 ausgebildet sind. Jede der Applikationsdüsen 4 der Lochplatte 3 gibt jeweils einen Beschichtungsmittelstrahl 5 ab, wobei die Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen 5 unmittelbar nach dem Austreten aus den Applikationsdüsen 4 zunächst über eine Zerfallslänge LZERFALL in Strahlrichtung zusammenhängend sind und dann anschließend in Tröpfchen zerfallen, wobei der Tröpfchenzerfall bei dieser herkömmlichen Applikationsanlage gezielt forciert wird, indem Schwingungen eingekoppelt werden.The application device 2 has a perforated plate 3 in which numerous application nozzles 4 are formed. Each of the application nozzles 4 of the perforated plate 3 emits a jet of coating agent 5, with the jets of coating agent 5 immediately after emerging from the application nozzles 4 initially being continuous over a disintegration length L DISPOSAL in the direction of the jet and then subsequently disintegrating into droplets, with the droplet disintegration in this conventional application system is deliberately forced by coupling in vibrations.

Das Applikationsgerät 2 wird hierbei relativ zu einem zu beschichtenden Bauteil 6 in einem Applikationsabstand d positioniert, wobei die Positionierung so erfolgt, dass der Applikationsabstand d größer ist als die Zerfallslänge LZERFALL. Dies bedeutet, dass die Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen 5 nicht mit ihrem kontinuierlichen Bereich auf das Bauteil 6 auftreffen, sondern als Tröpfchenfolge.In this case, the application device 2 is positioned at an application distance d relative to a component 6 to be coated, the positioning being carried out in such a way that the application distance d is greater than the decay length L DECREASE . This means that the coating agent jets 5 do not impinge on the component 6 with their continuous area, but rather as a succession of droplets.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Abwandlung der herkömmlichen Applikationsanlage gemäß Figur 1 in Richtung der Erfindung. Die erfindungsgemäße Applikationsanlage gemäß Figur 2 stimmt teilweise mit der vorstehend beschriebenen herkömmlichen Applikationsanlage überein, so dass zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf die vorstehende Beschreibung verwiesen wird, wobei für entsprechende Einzelheiten die selben Bezugszeichen verwendet werden. figure 2 shows a modification of the conventional application system according to figure 1 towards the invention. The application system according to the invention figure 2 corresponds in part to the conventional application system described above, so that to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, with the same reference symbols being used for corresponding details.

Eine Besonderheit der erfindungsgemäßen Applikationsanlage besteht darin, dass das Applikationsgerät 2 relativ zu dem Bauteil 6 so positioniert wird, dass der Applikationsabstand d kleiner ist als die Zerfallslänge LZERFALL. Dies bedeutet, dass die Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen 5 mit ihrem in Strahlrichtung zusammenhängenden Bereich auf die Oberfläche des Bauteils 6 auftreffen, was zu einem besseren Lackierergebnis führt.A special feature of the application system according to the invention is that the application device 2 is positioned relative to the component 6 in such a way that the application distance d is smaller than the disintegration length L ZERFALL . This means that the coating medium jets 5 impinge on the surface of the component 6 with their area connected in the jet direction, which leads to a better painting result.

Darüber hinaus wird der Tröpfchenzerfall der Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen 5 hierbei nicht gezielt durch Schwingungseinkopplung forciert, da der Tröpfchenzerfall im Rahmen der Erfindung gerade verhindert werden soll.In addition, the droplet breakup of the coating medium jets 5 is not deliberately forced by the coupling in of oscillations, since the droplet breakup is specifically intended to be prevented within the scope of the invention.

Die erfindungsgemäße Applikationsanlage ermöglicht das Aufbringen von randscharfen Mustern, wie in den Figuren 3A-3C und 4A-4C dargestellt ist und nachfolgend erläutert wird.The application system according to the invention enables the application of sharp-edged patterns, as in the Figures 3A-3C and 4A-4C is shown and explained below.

So zeigt Figur 3A einen randscharfen Streifen, wie er mit der erfindungsgemäßen Applikationsanlage gemäß Figur 2 auf das Bauteil 6 aufgebracht werden kann.So shows Figure 3A a strip with sharp edges, as in accordance with the application system according to the invention figure 2 can be applied to the component 6.

Die Figuren 3B und 3C zeigen dagegen Ausführungsbeispiele von herkömmlichen Streifen mit mehr oder weniger ausgefransten Rändern des Streifens.the Figures 3B and 3C show, on the other hand, embodiments of conventional strips with more or less frayed edges of the strip.

Die Figuren 4A-4C zeigen ebenfalls keine randscharfen Streifen sondern ungeeignete Streifen mit Beschichtungsmittelspritzern seitlich neben dem eigentlichen Streifen.the Figures 4A-4C also show no sharp-edged stripes but unsuitable stripes with coating agent spatters on the side next to the actual stripes.

Figur 5 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Streifens 7 zur Verdeutlichung der Randschärfe des Streifens 7. So weist der Streifen 7 gegenüber einem vorgegebenen Randverlauf eine maximale Abweichung a auf, wobei die Abweichung a im Rahmen der Erfindung vorzugsweise kleiner ist als 3 mm, 1mm oder 0,5 mm. Dadurch lassen sich beispielweise auf einer Kraftfahrzeugkarosserie Dekorstreifen mit einer hohen Qualitätsanmutung erzeugen. figure 5 shows a schematic representation of a strip 7 to illustrate the edge sharpness of the strip 7. The strip 7 has a maximum deviation a from a predetermined edge profile, the deviation a preferably being less than 3 mm, 1 mm or 0.5 within the scope of the invention mm. As a result, for example, decorative strips with a high quality impression can be produced on a motor vehicle body.

Die Figuren 6A-6D zeigen in schematischer Form das Auftragen einer Lackierbahn auf ein Bauteil 9, wobei das Bauteil 9 seitlich durch zwei Kanten 10, 11 begrenzt wird.the Figures 6A-6D show in schematic form the application of a paint line to a component 9, the component 9 being delimited laterally by two edges 10, 11.

Die Beschichtungsmittelbahnen werden hierbei mittels eines Applikationsgeräts 12 aufgetragen, wobei das Applikationsgerät 12 Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen 13 abgeben kann, wie bereits vorstehend beschrieben wurde.In this case, the coating material webs are applied by means of an application device 12, with the application device 12 being able to emit jets of coating material 13, as has already been described above.

Das Applikationsgerät 12 wird hierbei zunächst seitlich an das Bauteil 9 herangeführt, wie in Figur 6A dargestellt ist, wobei der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl 13 zunächst noch abgestellt ist, da der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl 13 nicht auf das Bauteil 9 auftreffen würde, wenn sich das Applikationsgerät 12 noch seitlich neben der Kante 10 des Bauteils 9 befindet.The application device 12 is first brought up to the side of the component 9, as shown in Figure 6A is shown, with the jet of coating agent 13 initially being turned off, since the jet of coating agent 13 would not impinge on the component 9 if the application device 12 is still located laterally next to the edge 10 of the component 9 .

Beim Passieren der Kante 10 des Bauteils 9 wird dann der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl 13 eingeschaltet, wie in Figur 6B dargestellt ist.When passing the edge 10 of the component 9, the coating medium jet 13 is switched on, as in FIG Figure 6B is shown.

Anschließend wird das Applikationsgerät 12 dann mit dem eingeschalteten Beschichtungsmittelstrahl 13 über die Oberfläche des Bauteils 9 geführt, wie in Figur 6C dargestellt ist.The application device 12 is then guided over the surface of the component 9 with the coating medium jet 13 switched on, as shown in FIG Figure 6C is shown.

Beim Passieren der gegenüberliegenden Kante 11 des Bauteils 9 wird der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl 13 dann wieder abgestellt, wie in Figur 6D dargestellt ist, da der Beschichtungsmittelstrahl 13 bei einem anschließenden Weiterbewegen des Applikationsgeräts 12 über die Kante 11 des Bauteils 9 hinaus nicht mehr auf die Oberfläche des Bauteils 9 auftreffen würde.When passing the opposite edge 11 of the component 9, the coating medium jet 13 is then switched off again, as in Figure 6D is shown, since the jet of coating agent 13 would no longer impinge on the surface of the component 9 if the application device 12 were then moved further beyond the edge 11 of the component 9 .

Durch dieses Ein- und Ausschalten des Beschichtungsmittelstrahls 13 lässt sich ein außerordentlich hoher Auftragswirkungsgrad nahezu ohne Overspray erreichen.By switching the coating agent jet 13 on and off in this way, an extraordinarily high application efficiency can be achieved with almost no overspray.

Das treffgenaue Einschalten bzw. Ausschalten des Beschichtungsmittelstrahls 13 wird hierbei ermöglicht, indem die Positionen des Applikationsgeräts 12 und des Bauteils 9 mittels eines Kamerasensors 14 erfasst werden.The precise activation and deactivation of the coating agent jet 13 is made possible here by the positions of the application device 12 and the component 9 being detected by means of a camera sensor 14 .

Wie bereits erwähnt wurde, kann anstelle eines Kamerasensors auch ein Ultraschallsensor, ein induktiver oder kapazitiver Sensors oder eine Lasersensor verwendet werden, der sowohl fix in der Umgebung des Applikationsgeräts und des Bauteils angeordnet sein kann, aber auch mit dem Applikationsgerät mitbewegt werden kann.As already mentioned, instead of a camera sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an inductive or capacitive sensor or a laser sensor can also be used, which can be arranged in a fixed manner in the vicinity of the application device and the component, but can also be moved with the application device.

Figur 7 zeigt das Betriebsverfahren der erfindungsgemäßen Applikationsanlage gemäß den verschiedenen Stadien in den Figuren 6A-6D in einem entsprechenden Flussdiagramm. Bezugszeichenliste:

1
Applikationstechnik
2
Applikationsgerät
3
Lochplatte
4
Applikationsdüsen
5
Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen
6
Bauteil
7
Streifen
8
Vorgegebener Randverlauf
9
Bauteil
10
Kante
11
Kante
12
Applikationsgerät
13
Beschichtungsmittelstrahlen
14
Kamerasensor
15
nicht beschichteter Untergrund
a
Abweichung gegenüber dem vorgegebenen Randverlauf
d
Applikationsabstand
LZERFALL
Zerfallslänge
figure 7 shows the operating method of the application system according to the various stages in the Figures 6A-6D in a corresponding flow chart. Reference list:
1
application technology
2
application device
3
perforated plate
4
application nozzles
5
coating agent blasting
6
component
7
stripes
8th
Default edge gradient
9
component
10
edge
11
edge
12
application device
13
coating agent blasting
14
camera sensor
15
uncoated substrate
a
Deviation from the specified edge profile
i.e
application distance
LDECAY
decay length

Claims (15)

  1. Application method for applying a coating agent to a component (6; 9), comprising the following steps:
    a) emitting a plurality of coating agent jets (5; 13) from a plurality of application nozzles (4) of an application device (2; 12),
    b) positioning the application device (2; 12) relative to the component (6; 9) with an application distance (d) between the application device (2; 12) and the component (6; 9) so that the coating agent jets (5; 13) impinge on the component (6; 9) and coat the component (6; 9), the coating agent jets (5; 13) applying a pattern on the component (6; 9),
    characterized in
    c) that at least some of the application nozzles (4) are controlled independently of one another, and
    d) that, in the case of the application nozzles (4) which can be controlled independently of one another, the volumetric flow of the coating agent through the application nozzles (4) can be controlled independently, and
    e) that the pattern is edge-sharp with maximum deviations (a) from a predetermined edge course of at most 3 mm and without coating agent splashes outside the pattern.
  2. Application method according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    a) that the coating agent jets (5; 13) are moved several times over the component (6; 9) to produce the pattern, one coating agent path being applied in each case, and
    b) that the adjacent coating agent paths run into one another after application and then form a uniform strip, or
    c) that the adjacent coating agent paths do not run into one another after application and then form two or more separate strips.
  3. Application method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in,
    a) that the pattern comprises a strip of the coating agent, and
    b) that the strip has a width of at least 1 mm, and
    c) that the strip has a width of at most 1 m, 10 cm, 5 cm, 2 cm, 1 cm, 5 mm or 2 mm.
  4. Application method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in,
    a) that the coating agent jets (5, 13) are aligned parallel to one another, and
    b) that the distance between the directly adjacent coating agent jets (5, 13) is so large that the adjacent coating agent jets (5, 13) do not combine between the application device (2; 12) and the component (6; 9), and
    c) that the application nozzles (4) are provided with a specific inner nozzle diameter and a specific nozzle spacing, the nozzle spacing being at least equal to three, four or six times the inner nozzle diameter.
  5. Application method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the case of the independently controllable application nozzles (4), at least one of the following operating variables can be controlled independently:
    a) exit speed of the coating agent from the application nozzles (4),
    b) type of coating agent.
  6. Application method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the application device (2; 12) is moved relative to the component (6; 9) during the application of the coating agent.
  7. Application method according to claim 6,
    characterized in
    a) that the application device (2; 12) is arranged stationary while the component (6; 9) is moved, and
    b) that the component (6; 9) is moved at a speed of at least 10 cm/s, 50 cm/s or 1 m/s during the application of the coating agent, and
    c) that the component (6; 9) is moved at a speed of at most 10 m/s or 5 m/s during the application of the coating agent.
  8. Application method according to claim 6,
    characterized in
    a) that the component (6; 9) is stationary while the application device (2; 12) is moved, and
    b) that the application device (2; 12) is moved at a speed of at least 10 cm/s, 20 cm/s, 30 cm/s, 50 cm/s, 1 m/s or 2 m/s during application of the coating agent, and
    c) that the application device (2; 12) is moved during the application of the coating agent at a speed of at most 250 cm/s, 700 mm/s, 500 mm/s or 100 mm/s.
  9. Application method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in,
    a) that the application device (2; 12) is moved relative to the component (6; 9) over the component surface so that the coating agent jet (5; 13) travels a path with its point of impact on the component surface, and
    b) that the coating agent jet (5; 13) is switched off and switched on again during the traversing of the path on the component surface, and
    c) that the coating agent jet (5; 13) is moved so slowly over the component surface and is switched on and off so quickly that a spatial resolution of finer than 5 mm, 2 mm or 1 mm is achieved on the component (6; 9).
  10. Application method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following steps;
    a) approaching the application device (2; 12) to an edge (10) of the component (6; 9) to be coated with the coating agent jet (5; 13) switched off,
    b) switching on the coating agent jet (5; 13) when the application device (2; 12) is located above the component (6; 9),
    c) moving the application device (2; 12) over the component (6; 9) to be coated along the component surface to be coated,
    d) switching off the coating agent jet (5; 13) when the application device (2; 12) is no longer located above the component surface to be coated.
  11. Application method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the following steps:
    a) detecting the spatial position of the component (6; 9) to be coated, and
    b) detecting the spatial position of the application device (2; 12), and
    c) switching on the coating agent jet (5; 13) in dependence on the detected position of the component (6; 9) and/or the application device (2; 12), and
    d) switching off the coating agent jet (5; 13) as a function of the detected position of the component (6; 9) and/or of the application apparatus (2; 12).
  12. Application method according to claim 11, characterized in that the position is detected by means of
    a) a camera (14)
    b) an ultrasonic sensor,
    c) an inductive sensor
    d) a capacitive sensor
    e) a laser sensor, and/or
    f) a robot controller from which the position is read out.
  13. Application method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in,
    a) that the application method has an application efficiency of at least 80%, 90%, 95% or 99%, so that the entire applied coating agent is deposited completely on the component (6; 9) without overspray occurring, and
    b) that the application method has an area coating capacity of at least 0.5 m2/min, 1 m2/min or at least 3 m2/min, and
    c) that the volumetric flow of the applied coating agent and thus the exit velocity of the coating agent is set in such a way that the coating agent does not bounce off the component (6; 9) after striking the component (6; 9), and
    d) that the exit speed of the coating agent from the application device (2; 12) is at least 5 m/s, 7 m/s or 10 m/s, and
    e) that the exit velocity of the coating agent from the application device (2; 12) is at most 30 m/s, 20 m/s or 10 m/s, and
    f) that the application distance (d) is at least 4 mm, 10 mm or 40 mm and/or, and
    g) that the application distance (d) is at most 200 mm or 100 mm, and
    h) that the application device (2; 12) is moved by means of a machine, and
    i) that the coating agent is a paint, and
    j) that the coating agent is a water-based paint or a solvent-based paint, and
    k) that the coating agent jet (5; 13) is switched on or off with a switching time of less than 50 ms, 20 ms, 10 ms, 5 ms or 1 ms.
  14. Application system for applying a coating agent to a component (6; 9), comprising
    a) an application device (2; 12) having a plurality of application nozzles (4) for delivering a plurality of coating jets (5; 13), and
    b) a positioning device for positioning the application device (2; 12) relative to the component (6; 9) with a certain application distance (d) between the application device (2; 12) and the component (6; 9) so that the coating agent jets (5; 13) impinge on the component (6; 9) and coat the component (6; 9), the coating agent jets (5; 13) applying a pattern on the component (6; 9),
    characterized in
    c) that at least some of the application nozzles (4) can be controlled independently of one another, and
    d) that, in the case of the application nozzles (4) which can be controlled independently of one another, the volumetric flow of the coating agent through the application nozzles (4) can be controlled independently, and
    e) that the pattern is edge-sharp with maximum deviations (a) from a predetermined edge course of at most 3 mm and without coating agent splashes outside the pattern.
  15. Application system according to claim 14, characterized in
    a) that the application apparatus (2; 12) has a nozzle plate in which the application nozzles are arranged, and
    b) that the application nozzles each emit a coating agent jet (5; 13), the coating agent jets (5, 13) together producing a strip on the component (6; 9), and
    c) that the strip has a width of at least 1 mm, and
    d) that the strip has a width of at most 1 m, 10 cm, 5 cm, 2 cm, 1 cm, 5 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, 400 µm or 200 µm.
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MY177584A (en) 2020-09-21
PL3804863T3 (en) 2023-02-13
US11117160B2 (en) 2021-09-14
HUE061173T2 (en) 2023-05-28
MX369366B (en) 2019-11-06
WO2014121916A1 (en) 2014-08-14
ES2934076T3 (en) 2023-02-16
JP6608703B2 (en) 2019-11-20
HUE053410T2 (en) 2021-06-28
ES2856182T3 (en) 2021-09-27
EP3804863A1 (en) 2021-04-14
US20210379620A1 (en) 2021-12-09
EP2953732B1 (en) 2020-12-02
WO2014121916A8 (en) 2014-10-09
JP6906031B2 (en) 2021-07-21
JP2020022965A (en) 2020-02-13
CN104994966B (en) 2019-08-06
CN104994966A (en) 2015-10-21
EP2953732A1 (en) 2015-12-16
US20150375258A1 (en) 2015-12-31
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MX2015009529A (en) 2015-10-30
US11872588B2 (en) 2024-01-16

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