EP3800436B1 - Shortened range projectile - Google Patents

Description

The invention deals with a projectile, in particular a training projectile, with a shortened range, such as in FR2547407 A described. The invention relates to the design of projectiles or missiles, in particular their ogive or tip or projectile front and their lateral surface, which influences the range of the projectile or missile by a preferably adjustable shape or geometry. A special geometry ensures that a high drag coefficient (Cd value) is generated over the entire trajectory of the projectile or missile in order to obtain a projectile that is strongly decelerated.

From the DE 10 2015 117 003 A1 a projectile with reduced range is known. The projectile comprises a projectile body, a projectile ogive and at least one tracer and/or a delay element. In order to reduce the speed and also the trajectory, it is proposed to integrate a pressure-generating charge in the projectile body, which is functionally connected to the at least one tracer and/or delay element. The pressure-generating charge should in turn act on the projectile ogives with predetermined breaking points and tear open them.

The DE 10 201 116 985 A1 deals with a self-consumable projectile, with a projectile jacket and at least one pyrotechnic charge embedded in the projectile jacket. Because the projectile burns at a defined speed, it loses mass so that a specified effective distance is not exceeded.

With the DE 30 45 129 C2 discloses a short range training projectile having a cavity opening in the region of a projectile ogive and sealed by a frictional heat fusible material, the cavity containing a pressurized gas.

The US 3,434,417A discloses a drop bomb with a braking surface that is annular transversely to the bomb axis and increases the bomb cross-section in order to increase air resistance. To this end, the drop bomb is designed in such a way that the braking surface assembly can be easily attached at any time after the actual bomb has been manufactured. For this purpose, the front part of the bomb can be covered with a cover made of plastic or similar material, which has several of these ring-shaped braking surfaces as grooves. In one embodiment, the annular braking surfaces are stepped, tapering towards the next ring.

The DE 100 05 412 A1 discloses a training projectile with a projectile tip that can be detached after the projectile has been fired. The projectile tip is connected via an annular spacer arranged on the outer circumference of the projectile to the projectile body adjoining the projectile tip at the rear, so that a hollow space results between the projectile tip and the projectile body. The cavity is connected to a front opening of the nose of the bullet via a central bore hole that extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bullet. With separation of the bullet tip, the maximum range of the bullet body decreases compared to a corresponding live bullet with bullet tip.

The US 3,485,460A discloses ogives with variable drags that can be attached to a projectile depending on the range of the projectile.

The DE 93 17 440 U1 discloses a practice cartridge with a bullet having a rearwardly tapering shape merging at the front with a narrow annular surface which provides guidance for the bullet in the barrel. The bullet ends in a cone at the front, which can also be truncated. The aim is to ensure that the practice cartridge is lighter, compact and economical to manufacture, with a practice process whose parameters actually come close to those of the live shot, and that deviations between the practice and the live shot are ruled out as well as we can.

The DE 472 910 C discloses a bullet with a full nose and tapered base to reduce drag. The base consists of decreasing cylinders, by a step-like gradation in the manner of a spiral or truncated cones.

The DE 32 01 629 C2 uses braking surfaces to shorten the range, which slows down the bullet's spin rather than its flight speed. If the projectile's rotation speed drops below a certain value, the projectile's trajectory will suddenly become unstable, causing it to tip over and decelerate sharply.

With the DE 41 41 082 C2 a spin-stabilized training projectile with a shortened range is proposed, which has a jacket with a movable jacket element. In addition, the projectile comprises a piston that can be displaced in a cylinder space and delimits a pressure chamber, which piston locks the movable casing element in its end position.

The DE 100 01 503 C1 presents a low-cost training ammunition based on a sub-caliber kinetic energy projectile with a heavy metal penetrator. Directly or indirectly connected to this penetrator is a braking ogive, which significantly increases the natural air resistance of the original bullet.

A training ammunition with a range-reducing, aerodynamically acting Bremsogive can DE 21 55 467 C1 be removed. A front portion of a bullet ogive is made of a drag fusible material. When the bullet enters a braking zone, the front part, after melting, bursts and separates from the bullet body. The incoming air then causes the air resistance of the projectile to increase greatly.

The DE 33 35 997 A1 discloses a training projectile for large-caliber barrel weapons, in which the flight, after reaching variably adjustable training firing ranges, is to be changed already in the supersonic range in such a way that the distance behind the target and thus also the respective total flight distance can be reduced compared to known training projectiles. With the external geometry of the training projectile remaining unchanged, this training projectile contains another body to solve the task, which changes the center of gravity of the training projectile in such a way that the training projectile becomes unstable if the air attack point and the training projectile center of gravity are congruent and brakes more rapidly at an early stage.

The DE 472 910 A describes a bullet with a full point and a base that tapers in cross-section. A projectile is thus created which, under otherwise identical conditions, has a greater range of the shot than with known projectiles. Due to the geometry of the bullet, the drag of the bullet during flight is reduced. For this purpose, the lateral surface of the base is stepped like steps.

The U.S. 3,434,417 A ): The D1 concerns a braking device for a bomb.

The DE 100 05 412 A1 relates to a practice bullet with a detachable bullet tip. It is destroyed by inertia when the practice projectile is fired. This reveals a flat bullet front, increasing the bullet's drag and reducing its range. The practice missile includes fold-out wings that stabilize the missile.

The U.S. 3,485,460 relates to a projectile that can optionally be equipped with differently shaped ogives. This allows the air resistance and with it the range of the projectile to be adjusted.

From the DE 93 17 440 a training cartridge for a bazooka is known,

The object of the invention is to show a further possibility for a spin-stabilized projectile, in particular a training projectile, with a shortened range.

The object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1. Advantageous configurations can be found in the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the idea of using a projectile of a form adaptation or

undergo geometry modification to create a high drag coefficient (Cd value) throughout the trajectory while maintaining a stable trajectory.

The projectile has a flat projectile syringe or projectile front with a large area. In the case of a flattened projectile front, the projectile tip is preferably designed in the manner of a truncated cone. In order to be able to feed the projectiles or cartridges into a weapon, a protective hood can be mounted on a flat projectile tip, which detaches from the projectile, for example due to the twist when passing through a weapon barrel at its muzzle. For this purpose, the protective hood can have predetermined breaking points and can be made of plastic, for example. After detaching the protective hood, this releases the function of the fluidic projectile front. Depending on the shooting safety range to be maintained, the projectile hood can be adjusted and, depending on the situation, a protective hood can also be dispensed with.

Furthermore, the lateral surface of the projectile can be designed in a step-like manner. This results in air attack surfaces on the lateral surface of the projectile in relation to the flat or flattened projectile front. It is provided that the projectile jacket is divided into several projectile jacket sections. The individual bullet jacket section tapers (stepped) towards the following bullet jacket section. As a result, surfaces running towards the projectile axis are formed on the projectile body, as a result of which the resistance areas on the projectile, in particular on the projectile body, are increased.

Due to the now large projectile front and/or the design of the lateral surface of the projectile, the drag coefficient is greatly increased, especially in the subsonic range, which causes the projectile to decelerate strongly in flight and thus guarantees compliance with a certain safety range.

The flight distance of projectiles can be influenced, in particular reduced, by changing the geometry of the projectile tip and/or lateral surface. This means that by changing the geometry of the projectiles, the range or flight distance of the projectiles can be massively reduced while maintaining a stable trajectory. This meets a requirement for projectiles with a greatly reduced flight range. Such a solution lends itself to shooting ranges of limited size or area.

In addition to the massive increase in the drag coefficient, another advantage is that the range reduction function is temperature-independent. The production of the bullets themselves is also inexpensive. Punctures to create the resistance areas on Projectile bodies can be introduced into the jacket of the projectile body using a machining process.

In order to ensure that a projectile, in particular a practice projectile, with a projectile body, a projectile jacket and a projectile nose becomes incapable of flight after a predetermined flight time or flight distance, it is provided that the projectile head has a flat or flattened projectile front. Alternatively or to support the goal of preventing the projectile from flying, it is provided that the projectile jacket is divided into a plurality of projectile jacket sections. The individual projectile jacket section tapers towards the subsequent projectile jacket section. As a result, surfaces running towards the projectile axis are formed on the projectile body, as a result of which the resistance areas on the projectile, in particular on the projectile body, are increased. If a sufficient resistance coefficient is created by these surfaces running (perpendicular) to the bullet axis, a flat or flattened bullet front can also be dispensed with.

Shortening the trajectory of the bullet is only achieved by the external geometry of the bullet. There is no pyrotechnics in the projectile. The basic principle of shortening the trajectory is reflected in a simple design. Absolute reliability is guaranteed, since the function is already given as soon as the shot is fired. The basic principle can be adapted to the smallest caliber, since no trigger mechanisms are required to fulfill the function. The projectiles have an unlimited service life and no parts, or parts that come loose from the projectile immediately after the barrel muzzle (without protective or projectile hood).

The invention is to be explained in more detail using a single figure example.

Shown is a projectile 1, for example a 30 mm training projectile for a barrel weapon, with a projectile body 2 and a projectile head 3 located at the front end. This can be mounted on the projectile head 3 in order to improve the feedability of the projectile 1 into a barrel weapon, not shown in detail. The projectile cap 4 can have predetermined breaking points, which are not shown in any more detail. The material of the projectile cap 4 is preferably a plastic.

In this representation, the projectile head 3 has a flat end face or projectile front 5 . The end face 5 preferably runs over the entire caliber diameter d1 and can also include a radius. The front face 5 of the projectile head 3 can also be smaller than the caliber diameter d1 (not shown in detail). In this case, a truncated cone-like geometry is preferred, with a top surface of the front surface or the projectile front of floor 1 corresponds. The geometry specification of the bullet front 5 represents a measure for reducing the range of the bullet 1.

The projectile body 2 has so-called punctures 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 on the caliber diameter d1 over its projectile jacket. These punctures 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 are provided circumferentially, preferably all or all of the way around, in the projectile jacket 7 (shown as a line). The recesses 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 can be made using a machining process. Through these punctures 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 (resistance) surfaces 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 are created on the projectile body 2. The projectile jacket 7 is thus divided into several projectile jacket sections 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, which in turn, starting from the caliber diameter d1, taper towards the projectile axis 10, with the projectile jacket section 7.1 tapering from the caliber diameter d1 to the subsequent projectile jacket section 7.2, which itself, starting with the caliber diameter d1, tapers to the subsequent projectile jacket section 7.3 tapers etc. The projectile body 2 has at least two projectile jacket sections 7.1, 7.2 (7.3). The projectile jacket sections 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 can be designed differently in terms of length and design.

The area size of the areas 8.1, 8.2, 8.3 can be set by selecting the angle size of the angular vein punctures 6.1, 6.2, 6.3. An angle a of approximately 10-20° is preferred, which is enclosed between the projectile jacket sections 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 and the caliber diameter d1. The aforementioned measure also serves to reduce the range of projectile 1.

In the preferred embodiment, both measures are combined with one another. With a guide band 9 is marked, which transmits the spin for the projectile 1. How it works is as follows

The projectile 1 is driven, i.e. fired, out of a weapon barrel (not shown) of a barrel weapon (not shown). If a protective hood or projectile hood 4 is present, it detaches from projectile 1 after passage through the tube, for example due to the projectile twist. The detachment is supported by the predetermined breaking points.

The projectile 1 now flies without a projectile cap 4, as a result of which the air can attack the planar face or projectile front 5 of the projectile head 3.

Furthermore, a resistance forms on the surfaces 8.1, 8.2, 8.3.

The sum of both measures has the effect that the drag coefficient which is building up in the process brakes projectile 1 sharply and that it then falls down as planned.

The flight time or flight distance can be preset by the bullet and/or bullet jacket geometry. The flight distance can be adjusted by varying the angle a of the punctures 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and/or the shape of the projectile front 5 of the warhead 3, which is advantageous.

Setting variants are thus possible within the scope of the invention. The angles (a) of the recesses 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 can be different. The angle a of the recess 6.1 can therefore differ from the angle a of the recess 6.2 or 6.3, which can also apply to the recess 6.2 in relation to the recess 6.3 and vice versa.

Also, the number of punctures is not limited to three. There is a free choice here and depends on the desired flight time or flight distance. In addition, the projectile jacket sections 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 can be of different lengths. Ie the jacket section
7.1 can be longer than the bullet jacket section 7.2 but shorter than the bullet jacket section 7.3 etc.

The shape of the projectile front 5 is also variable. As already mentioned, this can be chosen flat, flattened or the like.

In addition to a flat, smooth surface, other types and shapes of the projectile front 5 can also be provided. For example, the surface of the projectile head 3 can also be rough (uneven surface). The person skilled in the art knows other possibilities.

Claims (15)

1. Projectile (1), in particular a training projectile, comprising a projectile body (2), a projectile jacket (7), and a projectile head (3), wherein the projectile jacket (7) is divided into three or more projectile jacket portions (7.1, 7.2, 7.3), wherein the projectile jacket portions (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) are tapered toward the relevant subsequent projectile jacket portion (7.2, 7.3) such that the projectile jacket portions (7.1, 7.2) taper from the caliber diameter (d1) toward the relevant subsequent projectile jacket portion (7.2, 7.3), and wherein the projectile jacket (7) has a driving band (9) which transmits the spin to the projectile (1).
2. Projectile (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that surfaces (8.1, 8.2, 8.3) extending toward the projectile axis (10) are formed by the taper on the projectile body (2).
3. Projectile (1) according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the projectile head (3) can be encased by a projectile cap (4) which can be mounted on the projectile head (3).
4. Projectile (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the projectile cap (4) has predetermined breaking points.
5. Projectile (1) according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for the taper, recesses (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) are introduced circumferentially in the projectile jacket (7), each of which encloses an angle (a).
6. Projectile (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the angles (a) of the recesses (6.1, 6.2, 6.3) can be different sizes.
7. Projectile (1) according to either claim 5 or claim 6, characterized in that the angles (a) are between 10 and 20°.
8. Projectile (1) according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the projectile head (3) has a flat projectile front (5).
9. Projectile (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the projectile front (5) extends over the caliber diameter (d1).
10. Projectile (1) according to either of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the projectile front (5) is smaller than the caliber diameter (d1)
11. Projectile (1) according to any of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the contact surface (3) is frustoconical.
12. Projectile (1) according to any of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that a surface of the projectile front (5) of the projectile head (3) is smooth.
13. Projectile (1) according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a surface of the projectile front (5) of the projectile head (3) is rough.
14. Projectile (1) according to any of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the projectile jacket portions (7.1, 7.2, 7.3) can be different lengths.
15. Projectile (1) according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a flight time or flight distance of the projectile (1) can be set by the projectile head geometry and/or projectile jacket geometry.

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