EP3359909B1 - Projectile having a reduced range - Google Patents

Projectile having a reduced range Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3359909B1
EP3359909B1 EP16785100.5A EP16785100A EP3359909B1 EP 3359909 B1 EP3359909 B1 EP 3359909B1 EP 16785100 A EP16785100 A EP 16785100A EP 3359909 B1 EP3359909 B1 EP 3359909B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
tracer
ogive
pressure
charge
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EP16785100.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3359909A1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Blache
Dirk Meisterhans
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/48—Range-reducing, destabilising or braking arrangements, e.g. impact-braking arrangements; Fall-retarding means, e.g. balloons, rockets for braking or fall-retarding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/12—Projectiles or missiles
    • F42B8/14—Projectiles or missiles disintegrating in flight or upon impact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/48—Range-reducing, destabilising or braking arrangements, e.g. impact-braking arrangements; Fall-retarding means, e.g. balloons, rockets for braking or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/52—Nose cones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a projectile or ammunition, also with a practice projectile or practice ammunition, which on the one hand has ballistic equality up to a predefined combat distance compared to the combat or practice ammunition introduced, and on the other hand the speed decreases significantly more quickly when this distance is exceeded and thus has a significantly reduced overall range compared to the ammunition introduced.
  • a training projectile for automatic or manual weapons which has a geometry simulating that of a real projectile and has, as ballast, an internal charge made of a material that is both compact and brittle so as to be able to atomize shortly after impact.
  • the DE 915 788 C a training projectile for tubes with a weak spin. It is provided here that the hollow body, which consists of a material of high density, has a length approximately corresponding to the diameter and the entire projectile is shorter than twice the diameter.
  • a training projectile with a shortened range is known that has a head part as a ballistic hood and a projectile body.
  • the head part and projectile body can be separated from one another by means of a pyrotechnic delay mechanism and an ejector charge.
  • the invention takes on the task of demonstrating ammunition that also meets the safety-related requirements of the user.
  • the invention is based on the idea of specifying ammunition which is not subject to any external ballistic interference at a so-called main combat range, but which can then reduce the speed significantly more quickly if the target has not been hit.
  • these must have properties that are as identical as possible to the corresponding combat ammunition within the training main combat distance, but then be able to reduce the speed much more quickly.
  • the ammunition or training projectile consists of a projectile body which accommodates a projectile ogive.
  • this e.g. screwed-in or snap-in bullet ogive has at least one predetermined breaking point.
  • the bullet ogive can tear open along this predetermined breaking point.
  • the air resistance of the projectile then changes as a result of the tearing open.
  • the projectile ogive is preferably made of plastic, alternatively of aluminum, etc.
  • the projectile body can be made of steel.
  • a pressure-generating charge is provided in the projectile body, which can act on the projectile ogive with a predetermined breaking point and tear open or open it.
  • the at least one delay element can also be introduced in addition to the tracer. If there are two or more delay elements, these must be fitted symmetrically in the body of the projectile.
  • the number of delay elements "n" can be freely selected. These are preferably pyrotechnic delay elements.
  • the tracer and the delay element(s) come into contact with the pressure-generating charge at the end of their burning distance, which is also entrained in the projectile body. Here, too, it is preferably a pyrotechnic charge.
  • the plastic ogive and the projectile body are designed in such a way that the ballistic equality with the combat or practice ammunition introduced is maintained.
  • the tracer and delay element(s) are designed in such a way that they allow the projectile to fly over a certain distance (main combat distance) without interference. Depending on the distance or flight time of the projectile, they therefore have a charge with a preset nominal burning time.
  • the tracer or the pyrotechnical(s) Delay element(s) ignited in projectile body. After leaving the weapon barrel on the trajectory of the projectile, the pressure-generating charge arranged in the projectile body is ignited by the one or more delay elements and their delay sections or by the tracer at the end of the preset burn time. After this time, the internal pressure created in the bullet opens the bullet ogive along its predetermined breaking points and thereby changes the air resistance of the bullet. This changed air resistance ensures that a specified remaining flight distance is not exceeded.
  • the invention relates to a projectile with a reduced range with a projectile body according to independent claim 4.
  • the pressure effect can preferably open a nozzle or a plurality of nozzles that are introduced, for example, laterally in the projectile body. in order to cause the projectile to tumble.
  • the nozzle or nozzles are each covered by a membrane or a bursting disc, which ruptures under the influence of pressure.
  • a pressure-generating charge in the projectile body which is functionally connected to the at least one tracer and/or the at least one delay element stands.
  • the pressure charge is initiated, which then acts on the projectile in such a way that after a set flight time (depending on the burn time) has been reached, it influences the trajectory of the projectile becomes.
  • the advantage of this design is, among other things, that all requirements for ballistic equality are met up to a predefined combat distance.
  • the desired shot distances can be set before production by setting the burning time of the delay sections in the delay elements and the tracer. More recent applications also provide for on-site adjustment of the burn time of the delay elements.
  • This constructive measure or measures according to the invention ensures that the ammunition has identical external ballistic properties (trajectory) for the practice or main combat range as the corresponding combat ammunition, but a maximum total range is not exceeded. In particular during exercises where the infantry unit is behind the actual target seen in the direction of fire, this increases the security for the soldiers.
  • the 1 shows a projectile 1 with a projectile ogive 2 and a projectile body 3.
  • the projectile ogive 2 is attached to the projectile body 3, for example screwed on.
  • the projectile ogive 2 is preferably made of a plastic.
  • the bullet ogive 2 has at least one predetermined breaking point 4 on the circumference.
  • the predetermined breaking point is preferably integrated in the longitudinal direction of the projectile 1.
  • several predetermined breaking points 4, at least two, have proven to be advantageous.
  • the projectile body 3 which is preferably made of steel can, in addition to a tracer 5, four pyrotechnic delay elements 6 are attached symmetrically around the tracer 5.
  • the tracer 5 as well as the pyrotechnic delay elements 6 are in contact with a pressure-generating pyrotechnic charge 7 at the end of their burning rods.
  • the number “n” of the delay elements 6 can be freely selected and is not limited to four. Accordingly, it can also be sufficient if only one delay charge 6 is involved. If a tracer 5 is present, delay elements 6 can also be dispensed with altogether if the function of triggering the charge 7 is taken over by the tracer 5 . However, at least two delay sections or delay elements 6 should be provided for a high level of functional reliability.
  • the pyrotechnic pressure charge 7 is limited by a bursting membrane 8.
  • the projectile 11 shows a projectile 11 with a projectile ogive 12 and a projectile body 13.
  • the projectile body 13 which is also preferably made of steel, in addition to a tracer 15, four pyrotechnic delay elements 16 are also attached symmetrically around the tracer 15.
  • the tracer 15 as well as the pyrotechnic delay elements 16 are in contact with a pressure-generating pyrotechnic charge 17 at the end of their burning rods.
  • the number of delay elements 16 can also be freely selected.
  • the projectile ogive 2 ends with a cover disk 18 which in turn limits the charge 17 .
  • the projectile body 13 preferably has at least one opening 19 penetrating the projectile body 13 on the peripheral side, which opening is closed by means of a bursting disk 10 .
  • Integrating the opening (19) into the projectile ogive 12 is also conceivable if the cover disk 18 itself can burst.
  • the opening 19 is preferably designed in the form of a nozzle.
  • the integration into the projectile body 13 or the projectile ogive 12 preferably takes place with a diameter which increases towards the outside. Alternatives are given, such as an outwardly tapering diameter. An opening 19 that remains the same is also possible.
  • FIG. 3 shows the combination of both variants in a bullet 21 with a bullet ogive 22 and a bullet body 23.
  • the bullet ogive 22 has at least one predetermined breaking point 24 and the bullet body 23 has at least one opening 29 on the circumference, preferably in the form of a nozzle that enlarges toward the outside. This is closed by a bursting disc 20.
  • a pressure generating charge 27 is confined by a bursting membrane 28 .
  • In the projectile body 23 are at least one tracer 25 and four delay elements 26 are also integrated here.
  • the tracer 25 as well as the pyrotechnic delay elements 26 are in contact with the pyrotechnic pressure charge 27 at the end of their burning rods.
  • the adjustable burning time of the tracer 5, 15, 25 as well as the delay elements 6, 16, 26 is determined according to the present idea by the distance to the target, the flight time t of the projectile in the defined combat area, ie the defined combat distance.
  • the flight time t or the burning time is set by selecting the length of the delay line within the delay elements 6, 16, 26.
  • Such a setting is shown, for example, in FIG DE 10 2013 013 705 A1 , the DE 10 2012 014 1450 A1 or DE 10 2012 014 149 B3 , which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the pressure charge 7, 17, 27 is ignited by the delay element(s) 6, 16, 26 and/or the tracer 5, 15, 25 of the projectile 1 (delay sections). .
  • the maximum total range of the projectile 1, 11, 21 to the weapon is usually around 3000m.
  • the soldiers are about 5000m away from the firing weapon.
  • the so-called practice or main fight distance is then often 1200m to 1400m.
  • the nominal burn time to be selected in this constellation is approx. 1.2 s.
  • the remaining flight distance of projectile 1, 11, 21 would then result from the difference of 3000m and the combat distance of 1400m. It goes without saying that the data given here are not to be regarded as restrictive, but rather form a starting point for the free choice of the pre-settable burning time and thus the flight time of the projectile 1, 11, 21.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit einem Geschoss bzw. einer Munition, auch mit einem Übungsgeschoss bzw. einer Übungsmunition, die einerseits im Vergleich zur eingeführten Gefechts- oder Übungsmunition bis zu einer vordefinierten Kampfentfernung ballistische Gleichheit aufweist, andererseits bei Überschreitung dieser Entfernung deutlich schneller die Geschwindigkeit abbaut und damit gegenüber der eingeführten Munition eine deutlich eingeschränkte Gesamtreichweite vorweist.The invention relates to a projectile or ammunition, also with a practice projectile or practice ammunition, which on the one hand has ballistic equality up to a predefined combat distance compared to the combat or practice ammunition introduced, and on the other hand the speed decreases significantly more quickly when this distance is exceeded and thus has a significantly reduced overall range compared to the ammunition introduced.

Aus der DE 10 2005 030 263 B3 ist ein Sicherheitssystem für tempierbare Munition mit Selbstzerlegung bekannt. Dabei bleibt ein Selbstzerlegungsmechanismus solange aktiv, bis eine Überprüfung der Funktion eines Zünders abgeschlossen ist Bei negativem Ergebnis erfolgt eine Selbstzerlegung, die somit an den Anfang der Mission gelegt wird.From the DE 10 2005 030 263 B3 is a safety system for temporable ammunition with self-disassembly known. A self-disassembly mechanism remains active until the function of a detonator has been checked. If the result is negative, self-disassembly takes place, which is thus placed at the beginning of the mission.

Aus der EP 0 407 288 A1 ist ein Übungsgeschoss für automatische oder manuelle Waffen bekannt, das eine einem echten Geschoss nachgebildete Geometrie aufweist und als Ballast eine Innenladung aufweist, die aus einem gleichzeitig kompakten und brüchigen Stoff besteht, um sich kurz nach dem Aufschlag zersteuben zu können.From the EP 0 407 288 A1 a training projectile for automatic or manual weapons is known, which has a geometry simulating that of a real projectile and has, as ballast, an internal charge made of a material that is both compact and brittle so as to be able to atomize shortly after impact.

Des Weiteren ist aus der US 3,713,386 A ein Projektilsystem bekannt mit kurzer Reichweite, das maximale Projektilgeschwindigkeit und Aufschlagkraft über eine sehr kurze Reichweite ermöglicht.Furthermore, from the US 3,713,386A a known short-range projectile system that allows for maximum projectile velocity and impact power over a very short range.

Schließlich offenbart die DE 915 788 C ein Übungsgeschoss für Rohre mit schwachem Drall. Hierbei ist vorgesehen, dass der aus einem Werkstoff hoher Dichte bestehende Hohlkörper eine etwa dem Durchmesser entsprechende Länge hat und das gesamte Geschoss kürzer als der doppelte Durchmesser ist.Finally revealed the DE 915 788 C a training projectile for tubes with a weak spin. It is provided here that the hollow body, which consists of a material of high density, has a length approximately corresponding to the diameter and the entire projectile is shorter than twice the diameter.

Es sind zudem Gefechtsmunitionen bekannt, bei denen eine im Geschossheck integrierte Leuchtspur kurz vor dem Ende ihrer Brenndauer dazu genutzt wird, die im Geschoss integrierte Sprengladung zu zünden. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass Blindgänger im Kampffeld herumliegen, wenn die Gefechtsmunition das Ziel nicht getroffen hat Nachteilig ist, dass die notwendige Zuverlässigkeit der Selbstvernichtung nicht immer gewährleistet ist.Combat munitions are also known in which a tracer integrated in the rear of the projectile is used shortly before the end of its burn time to ignite the explosive charge integrated in the projectile. This prevents duds from lying around in the battlefield when the combat ammunition has not hit the target. The disadvantage is that the necessary reliability of self-destruction is not always guaranteed.

Neue Einsatzszenarien der Soldaten bzw. Infanterieeinheiten machen intensives Üben für diese Zwecke notwendig. Um die Soldaten nicht durch den eigenen Beschuss bei Übungen zu gefährden und um auch Blindgänger zu vermeiden, müssen Gefechts- wie auch Übungsmunitionen sicherheltsrelevante Anforderungen der Anwender entsprechen.New deployment scenarios for soldiers and infantry units make intensive practice necessary for these purposes. In order not to endanger the soldiers through their own fire during exercises and also to avoid duds, combat and exercise ammunition must meet the safety-relevant requirements of the user.

Aus der DE 36 17 656 A1 ist ein Übungsgeschoss mit verkürzter Reichweite bekannt, dass ein Kopfteil als ballistische Haube und einen Geschosskörper aufweist. Kopfteil und Geschosskörper sind über einen pyrotechnischen Verzögerungsmechanismus und eine Austreibladung voneinander trennbar.From the DE 36 17 656 A1 a training projectile with a shortened range is known that has a head part as a ballistic hood and a projectile body. The head part and projectile body can be separated from one another by means of a pyrotechnic delay mechanism and an ejector charge.

Hier greift die Erfindung die Aufgabe auf, eine Munition aufzuzeigen, die auch die sicherheitsrelevanten Anforderungen der Anwender erfüllt.Here the invention takes on the task of demonstrating ammunition that also meets the safety-related requirements of the user.

Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 und Patentanspruchs 4. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind den Unteransprüchen entnehmbar.The object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1 and patent claim 4. Advantageous configurations can be found in the dependent claims.

Der Erfindung liegt die Idee zugrunde, eine Munition anzugeben, die in einer so genannten Hauptkampfentfernung außenballistisch keinerlei Störungen unterliegt, die dann aber, wenn das Ziel nicht getroffen wurde, deutlich schneller die Geschwindigkeit abbauen kann. Insbesondere bei Übungsmunitionen müssen diese innerhalb der Übungshauptkampfentfernung möglichst identische Eigenschaften vorweisen wie die entsprechende Gefechtsmunition, dann aber deutlich schneller die Geschwindigkeit abbauen können.The invention is based on the idea of specifying ammunition which is not subject to any external ballistic interference at a so-called main combat range, but which can then reduce the speed significantly more quickly if the target has not been hit. In the case of training ammunition in particular, these must have properties that are as identical as possible to the corresponding combat ammunition within the training main combat distance, but then be able to reduce the speed much more quickly.

Diese Anforderungen werden dadurch sichergestellt, dass nach Erreichen dieser Übungs- bzw. Hauptkampfentfernung der Luftwiderstand des Geschosses erhöht wird bzw. die Flugbahn des Geschosses derart beeinflusst wird, dass die Geschwindigkeit schneller abgebaut und die Flugbahn reduziert (verkürzt) wird. Dazu wird am Geschoss einer Veränderung vorgenommen, die die Änderung des Luftwiderstandes bzw. die Änderung des Flugverhaltens bewirkt.These requirements are met by increasing the air resistance of the projectile or influencing the trajectory of the projectile in such a way that the speed decreases more quickly and the trajectory is reduced (shortened) after this practice or main combat distance has been reached. For this purpose, a change is made to the bullet that causes the change in air resistance or the change in flight behavior.

Die Munition bzw. das Übungsgeschoss besteht aus einem Geschosskörper, der eine Geschossogive aufnimmt. Diese z.B. eingeschraubte oder einschnappende Geschossogive weist in einer ersten Variante gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1, zumindest eine Sollbruchstelle auf. Entlang dieser Sollbruchstelle kann die Geschossogive aufreißen. Durch das Aufreißen verändert sich dann der Luftwiderstand des Geschosses. Die Geschossogive besteht bevorzugt aus Kunststoff, alternativ aus Aluminium etc. Der Geschosskörper kann aus Stahl bestehen. Im Geschosskörper ist des Weiteren eine Druck erzeugende Ladung vorgesehen, die auf die Geschossogive mit Sollbruchstelle einwirken und diese aufreißen bzw. öffnen kann.The ammunition or training projectile consists of a projectile body which accommodates a projectile ogive. In a first variant according to independent claim 1, this e.g. screwed-in or snap-in bullet ogive has at least one predetermined breaking point. The bullet ogive can tear open along this predetermined breaking point. The air resistance of the projectile then changes as a result of the tearing open. The projectile ogive is preferably made of plastic, alternatively of aluminum, etc. The projectile body can be made of steel. Furthermore, a pressure-generating charge is provided in the projectile body, which can act on the projectile ogive with a predetermined breaking point and tear open or open it.

Bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass zumindest ein Verzögerungselement im Geschosskörper eingebunden ist. Bei Übungsgeschossen, die in der Regel über eine Leuchtspur verfügen, kann das wenigstens ein Verzögerungselement auch zusätzlich zur Leuchtspur eingebracht sein. Bei zwei oder mehreren Verzögerungselementen sind diese symmetrisch im Geschosskörper anzubringen. Die Anzahl der Verzögerungselemente "n" ist frei wählbar. Bevorzugt handelt es sich um pyrotechnische Verzögerungselemente. Leuchtspur als auch das bzw. die Verzögerungselement(e) haben am Ende ihrer Brennstrecke Kontakt zu der den Druck erzeugenden Ladung, die ebenfalls im Geschosskörper mitgeführt ist. Auch hierbei handelt es sich auch hier bevorzugt um eine pyrotechnische Ladung.Provision is preferably made for at least one delay element to be incorporated in the projectile body. In practice projectiles, which usually have a tracer, the at least one delay element can also be introduced in addition to the tracer. If there are two or more delay elements, these must be fitted symmetrically in the body of the projectile. The number of delay elements "n" can be freely selected. These are preferably pyrotechnic delay elements. The tracer and the delay element(s) come into contact with the pressure-generating charge at the end of their burning distance, which is also entrained in the projectile body. Here, too, it is preferably a pyrotechnic charge.

Die Auslegung der Kunststoffogive und des Geschosskörpers erfolgt so, dass die ballistische Gleichheit zu den eingeführten Gefechts- oder Übungsmunitionen beibehalten wird. Leuchtspur wie auch Verzögerungselement(e) sind so ausgelegt, dass diese das störungsfreie Fliegen des Geschosses über eine bestimmte Entfernung (Hauptkampfentfernung) zulassen. Entsprechend der Entfernung bzw. Flugzeit des Geschosses weisen sie daher eine Ladung mit voreingestellter nominaler Brenndauer auf. Durch die heißen Pulvergase beim Abschusses des Geschosses werden die Leuchtspur bzw. das oder die pyrotechnische(n) Verzögerungselement(e) im Geschosskörper angezündet. Nach Verlassen des Waffenrohres auf der Flugbahn des Geschosses wird durch die eine oder die mehreren Verzögerungselemente und deren Verzögerungsstrecken oder durch die Leuchtspur am Ende der voreingestellten Brenndauer die im Geschosskörper angeordnete Druck erzeugende Ladung angezündet. Durch den im Geschoss entstehenden Innendruck öffnet sich nach dieser Zeit die Geschossogive entlang ihrer Sollbruchstellen und verändert dadurch den Luftwiderstand des Geschosses. Durch diesen geänderten Luftwiderstand wird erreicht, dass eine vorgegebene Restflugstrecke nicht überschritten wird.The plastic ogive and the projectile body are designed in such a way that the ballistic equality with the combat or practice ammunition introduced is maintained. The tracer and delay element(s) are designed in such a way that they allow the projectile to fly over a certain distance (main combat distance) without interference. Depending on the distance or flight time of the projectile, they therefore have a charge with a preset nominal burning time. The tracer or the pyrotechnical(s) Delay element(s) ignited in projectile body. After leaving the weapon barrel on the trajectory of the projectile, the pressure-generating charge arranged in the projectile body is ignited by the one or more delay elements and their delay sections or by the tracer at the end of the preset burn time. After this time, the internal pressure created in the bullet opens the bullet ogive along its predetermined breaking points and thereby changes the air resistance of the bullet. This changed air resistance ensures that a specified remaining flight distance is not exceeded.

Alternativ betrifft die Erfindung ein Geschoss mit reduzierter Reichweite mit einem Geschosskörper gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 4.Alternatively, the invention relates to a projectile with a reduced range with a projectile body according to independent claim 4.

Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass die wenigstens eine Öffnung gleichbleibend oder düsenförmig ist, wobei diese die Düsenform einen nach außen vergrößernden oder einen nach außen verjüngenden Durchmesser hat.Provision can be made for the at least one opening to remain the same or to be nozzle-shaped, with the nozzle shape having a diameter that increases outwards or tapers outwards.

Bevorzugt kann durch die Druckwirkung eine beispielsweise seitlich im Geschosskörper eingebrachte Düse bzw. mehrere Düsen geöffnet. werden, um so das Geschoss zum Taumeln zu bringen. Die Düse bzw. die Düsen sind durch je eine Membran bzw. eine Berstscheibe verdeckt, die unter Druckeinwirkung aufreißt(en).The pressure effect can preferably open a nozzle or a plurality of nozzles that are introduced, for example, laterally in the projectile body. in order to cause the projectile to tumble. The nozzle or nozzles are each covered by a membrane or a bursting disc, which ruptures under the influence of pressure.

Um die Geschwindigkeit und auch die Flugbahn zu reduzieren, wird somit vorgeschlagen, eine Druck erzeugende Ladung im Geschosskörper einzubinden, die mit der wenigstens einen Leuchtspur und / oder dem wenigstens einen Verzögerungselement funktional in Verbindung steht. Nach Abbrand (=Brenndauer) der Leuchtspur bzw. der Verzögerungsladung innerhalb des Verzögerungselements bzw. der Verzögerungselemente erfolgt die Initiierung der Druckladung, die dann auf das Geschoss derart einwirkt, dass nach Erreichen einer eingesteiften Flugzeit (abhängig von der Brenndauer) die Flugbahn des Geschosses beeinflusst wird.In order to reduce the speed and also the trajectory, it is therefore proposed to integrate a pressure-generating charge in the projectile body, which is functionally connected to the at least one tracer and/or the at least one delay element stands. After the tracer or delay charge within the delay element or delay elements has burned down (= burn time), the pressure charge is initiated, which then acts on the projectile in such a way that after a set flight time (depending on the burn time) has been reached, it influences the trajectory of the projectile becomes.

Der Vorteil dieser Konstruktion liegt u.a. darin, dass alle Forderungen nach ballistischer Gleichheit bis zu einer vordefinierten Kampfentfernung eingehalten werden. Die gewünschten Schussentfernungen können bereits vor der Produktion durch Einstellen der Brenndauer der Verzögerungsstrecken in den Verzögerungselementen und der Leuchtspur eingestellt werden. Neuere Anmeldungen sehen auch die Einstellung der Brenndauer der Verzögerungselemente vor Ort vor.The advantage of this design is, among other things, that all requirements for ballistic equality are met up to a predefined combat distance. The desired shot distances can be set before production by setting the burning time of the delay sections in the delay elements and the tracer. More recent applications also provide for on-site adjustment of the burn time of the delay elements.

Durch diese erfindungsgemäße konstruktive Maßnahme bzw. Maßnahmen wird gewährleistet, dass für den Bereich der Übungs- bzw. Hauptkampfentfernung die Munition außenballistisch identische Eigenschaften (Flugbahn) ausweisen wie die entsprechende Gefechtsmunition, jedoch eine maximale Gesamt-Reichweite aber nicht überschritten wird. Insbesondere bei Übungen, wo die Infanterieeinheit in Schussrichtung gesehen hinter dem eigentlichen Ziel steht, wird somit die Sicherheit für die Soldaten erhöht.This constructive measure or measures according to the invention ensures that the ammunition has identical external ballistic properties (trajectory) for the practice or main combat range as the corresponding combat ammunition, but a maximum total range is not exceeded. In particular during exercises where the infantry unit is behind the actual target seen in the direction of fire, this increases the security for the soldiers.

Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels mit Zeichnung soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine erste Variante in einer Seitenansicht in Schnittdarstellung,
Fig. 2
eine weitere Variante in einer Seitenansicht in Schnittdarstellung,
Fig. 3
die Kombination beider Varianten in einer Seitenansicht in Schnittdarstellung,
Fig. 4
eine heckseitige Draufsichtdarstellung der Varianten.
The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment with a drawing. It shows:
1
a first variant in a side view in section,
2
another variant in a side view in section,
3
the combination of both variants in a side view in sectional view,
4
a rear plan view of the variants.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt ein Geschoss 1 mit einer Geschossogive 2 und einem Geschosskörper 3. Die Geschossogive 2 ist am Geschosskörper 3 befestigt, z.B. aufgeschraubt. Die Geschossogive 2 besteht bevorzugt aus einem Kunststoff. Die Geschossogive 2 weist umfangsseitig mindestens eine Sollbruchstelle 4 auf. Die Sollbruchstelle ist bevorzugt in Längsrichtung des Geschosses 1 eingebunden. Als vorteilhaft haben sich aber mehrere Sollbruchstellen 4, wenigstens zwei, gezeigt. Im Geschosskörper 3, der vorzugsweise aus Stahl bestehen kann, sind neben einer Leuchtspur 5 hier vier pyrotechnische Verzögerungselemente 6 symmetrisch um die Leuchtspur 5 angebracht. Die Leuchtspur 5 wie auch die pyrotechnischen Verzögerungselemente 6 haben am Ende ihrer Brennstecken Kontakt zu einer druckerzeugenden pyrotechnischen Ladung 7. Die Anzahl "n" der Verzögerungselemente 6 ist frei wählbar und nicht auf vier beschränkt. Entsprechend kann es auch ausreichen, wenn nur eine Verzögerungsladung 6 eingebunden ist. Bei Vorhandensein einer Leuchtspur 5 kann zudem auf Verzögerungselemente 6 auch ganz verzichtet werden, wenn die Funktion des Auslösens der Ladung 7 durch die Leuchtspur 5 übernommen wird. Für eine hohe Funktionssicherheit sollten aber zumindest zwei Verzögerungsstrecken bzw. Verzögerungselemente 6 vorgesehen werden. Die pyrotechnische Druckladung 7 wird durch eine Berstmembran 8 begrenzt.The 1 shows a projectile 1 with a projectile ogive 2 and a projectile body 3. The projectile ogive 2 is attached to the projectile body 3, for example screwed on. The projectile ogive 2 is preferably made of a plastic. The bullet ogive 2 has at least one predetermined breaking point 4 on the circumference. The predetermined breaking point is preferably integrated in the longitudinal direction of the projectile 1. However, several predetermined breaking points 4, at least two, have proven to be advantageous. In the projectile body 3, which is preferably made of steel can, in addition to a tracer 5, four pyrotechnic delay elements 6 are attached symmetrically around the tracer 5. The tracer 5 as well as the pyrotechnic delay elements 6 are in contact with a pressure-generating pyrotechnic charge 7 at the end of their burning rods. The number “n” of the delay elements 6 can be freely selected and is not limited to four. Accordingly, it can also be sufficient if only one delay charge 6 is involved. If a tracer 5 is present, delay elements 6 can also be dispensed with altogether if the function of triggering the charge 7 is taken over by the tracer 5 . However, at least two delay sections or delay elements 6 should be provided for a high level of functional reliability. The pyrotechnic pressure charge 7 is limited by a bursting membrane 8.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein Geschoss 11 mit einer Geschossogive 12 und einem Geschosskörper 13. Im Geschosskörper 13, der ebenfalls bevorzugt aus Stahl besteht, sind neben einer Leuchtspur 15 auch hier vier pyrotechnische Verzögerungselemente 16 symmetrisch um die Leuchtspur 15 angebracht. Die Leuchtspur 15 wie auch die pyrotechnischen Verzögerungselemente 16 haben am Ende ihrer Brennstecken Kontakt zu einer Druck erzeugenden pyrotechnischen Ladung 17. Die Anzahl der Verzögerungselemente 16 ist gleichfalls frei wählbar. Die Geschossogive 2 schließt in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer Abdeckscheibe 18 ab, die ihrerseits die Ladung 17 begrenzt. Bevorzugt weist der Geschosskörper 13 umfangsseitig wenigstens eine den Geschosskörper 13 durchdringende Öffnung 19 auf, die mittels einer Berstscheibe 10 verschlossen ist. Eine Einbindung der Öffnung (19) in die Geschossogive 12 ist gleichfalls denkbar, wenn die Abdeckscheibe 18 ihrerseits bersten kann. Die Öffnung 19 ist bevorzugt düsenförmig ausgeführt. Die Einbindung in den Geschosskörper 13 bzw. die Geschossogive 12 erfolgt bevorzugt mit einem sich nach Außen vergrößernden Durchmesser. Alternativen sind gegeben, wie z.B. ein sich nach Außen verjüngenden Durchmesser. Auch eine gleich bleibende Öffnung 19 ist möglich. 2 shows a projectile 11 with a projectile ogive 12 and a projectile body 13. In the projectile body 13, which is also preferably made of steel, in addition to a tracer 15, four pyrotechnic delay elements 16 are also attached symmetrically around the tracer 15. The tracer 15 as well as the pyrotechnic delay elements 16 are in contact with a pressure-generating pyrotechnic charge 17 at the end of their burning rods. The number of delay elements 16 can also be freely selected. In this exemplary embodiment, the projectile ogive 2 ends with a cover disk 18 which in turn limits the charge 17 . The projectile body 13 preferably has at least one opening 19 penetrating the projectile body 13 on the peripheral side, which opening is closed by means of a bursting disk 10 . Integrating the opening (19) into the projectile ogive 12 is also conceivable if the cover disk 18 itself can burst. The opening 19 is preferably designed in the form of a nozzle. The integration into the projectile body 13 or the projectile ogive 12 preferably takes place with a diameter which increases towards the outside. Alternatives are given, such as an outwardly tapering diameter. An opening 19 that remains the same is also possible.

Fig. 3 zeigt die Kombination beider Varianten in einem Geschoss 21 mit einer Geschossogive 22 und einem Geschosskörper 23. Die Geschossogive 22 weist wenigstens eine Sollbruchstelle 24 und der Geschosskörper 23 umfangsseitig wenigstens eine Öffnung 29 auf, bevorzugt in Form einer sich nach Außen hin vergrößernden Düse. Diese wird von einer Berstscheibe 20 verschlossen. Eine Druck erzeugende Ladung 27 wird durch eine Berstmembran 28 begrenzt. Im Geschosskörper 23 sind wenigstens eine Leuchtspur 25 sowie auch hier vier Verzögerungselemente 26 integriert. Die Leuchtspur 25 wie auch die pyrotechnischen Verzögerungselemente 26 haben am Ende ihrer Brennstecken Kontakt zu der pyrotechnischen Druckladung 27. 3 shows the combination of both variants in a bullet 21 with a bullet ogive 22 and a bullet body 23. The bullet ogive 22 has at least one predetermined breaking point 24 and the bullet body 23 has at least one opening 29 on the circumference, preferably in the form of a nozzle that enlarges toward the outside. This is closed by a bursting disc 20. A pressure generating charge 27 is confined by a bursting membrane 28 . In the projectile body 23 are at least one tracer 25 and four delay elements 26 are also integrated here. The tracer 25 as well as the pyrotechnic delay elements 26 are in contact with the pyrotechnic pressure charge 27 at the end of their burning rods.

Fig. 4 zeigt das Geschoss 1, 11, 21 in einer heckseitigen Darstellung. Gut erkennbar ist hier die symmetrische Anordnung der Verzögerungselemente 6, 16, 26 um die Leuchtspur 5, 15, 25. Diese Anordnung stellt die bevorzugte Ausführung dar, ist jedoch für die Funktionsweise nicht verpflichtend. Alternative Einbindungen kennt der Fachmann, wie eine unsymmetrische Anordnung und/ oder eine schräg zur Ladung 7, 17, 27 verlaufende Ausrichtung der Verzögerungselemente 6, 16, 26. 4 shows the floor 1, 11, 21 in a rear view. The symmetrical arrangement of the delay elements 6, 16, 26 around the tracer 5, 15, 25 can be clearly seen here. This arrangement represents the preferred embodiment, but is not mandatory for the functioning. The person skilled in the art knows alternative integrations, such as an asymmetrical arrangement and/or an alignment of the delay elements 6, 16, 26 running obliquely to the charge 7, 17, 27.

Die Funktionsweise ist wie folgt:
Die einstellbare Brenndauer der Leuchtspur 5, 15, 25 wie auch die Verzögerungselemente 6, 16, 26 wird gemäß der vorliegenden Idee bestimmt durch die Entfernung zum Ziel, der Flugzeit t des Geschosses in den definierten Kampfraum, d.h., der definierten Kampfentfernung. Die Einstellung der Flugzeit t bzw. der Brenndauer erfolgt durch Wahl der Länge der Verzögerungsstrecke innerhalb der Verzögerungselem nte 6, 16, 26. Eine derartige Einstellung zeigen beispielsweise die DE 10 2013 013 705 A1 , die DE 10 2012 014 1450 A1 oder DE 10 2012 014 149 B3 , auf die hiermit Bezug genommen wird.How it works is as follows:
The adjustable burning time of the tracer 5, 15, 25 as well as the delay elements 6, 16, 26 is determined according to the present idea by the distance to the target, the flight time t of the projectile in the defined combat area, ie the defined combat distance. The flight time t or the burning time is set by selecting the length of the delay line within the delay elements 6, 16, 26. Such a setting is shown, for example, in FIG DE 10 2013 013 705 A1 , the DE 10 2012 014 1450 A1 or DE 10 2012 014 149 B3 , which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Nach Verlassen eines nicht näher dargestellten Waffenrohres einer nicht weiter dargestellten Waffe wird durch das/ die Verzögerungselement(e) 6, 16, 26 und/ oder der Leuchtspur 5, 15, 25 des Geschosses 1 (Verzögerungsstrecken) die Druckladung 7, 17, 27 gezündet.After leaving a weapon barrel (not shown) of a weapon (not shown) the pressure charge 7, 17, 27 is ignited by the delay element(s) 6, 16, 26 and/or the tracer 5, 15, 25 of the projectile 1 (delay sections). .

Durch den dadurch entstehenden Innendruck, der auf die Geschossogive 2 einwirkt, werden gemäß Fig. 1 die Geschossogive 2 entlang der Sollbruchstelle(n) 4, gemäß Fig. 2 die Berstscheibe 10 und gemäß Fig. 3 die Sollbruchstelle(n) 24 sowie die Berstscheibe 20 aufgerissen. Dadurch verändert sich gemäß Fig. 1 und 3 der Luftwiderstand des Geschosses 1, 21 das nunmehr schneller abbremst Das Geschoss 11 gemäß Fig. 2 hingegen beginnt zu taumeln, wodurch ebenfalls die Geschwindigkeit des Geschosses 11 beeinflusst wird. Eine festgelegte Restflugstrecke wird durch diese Maßnahme keines der Geschosse 1, 11, 21 überschritten.The resulting internal pressure, which acts on the projectile ogive 2, are according to 1 the bullet ogive 2 along the predetermined breaking point(s) 4, according to 2 the rupture disk 10 and according to 3 the predetermined breaking point(s) 24 and the bursting disc 20 ruptured. This changes accordingly Figures 1 and 3 the air resistance of the projectile 1, 21, which now decelerates more quickly 2 however, begins to tumble, which also affects the speed of the projectile 11. A fixed residual flight distance is not exceeded by this measure of floors 1, 11, 21.

Insbesondere bei Übungen, wo die Infanterieeinheit in Schussrichtung gesehen hinter dem eigentlichen Ziel steht, liegt die maximale Gesamt-Reichweite des Geschosses 1, 11, 21 zur Waffe in der Regel bei ca. 3000m. Die Soldaten befinden sich u. a. in einer Entfernung von ca. 5000m zur verschießenden Waffe. Die so genannte Übungs- bzw. Hauptkampfentfernung liegt dann häufig bei 1200m bis 1400m. Die zu wählende nominale Brenndauer beträgt in dieser Konstellation ca. 1,2 s. Die Restflugstrecke des Geschosses 1, 11, 21 würde sich dann aus der Differenz von 3000m und der Kampfentfernung 1400m ergeben. Es versteht sich, dass die hier angegebenen Daten nicht beschränkend anzusehen sind, sondern vielmehr einen Ansatz für die freie Wahl der voreinstellbaren Brenndauer und damit der Flugzeit des Geschosses 1, 11, 21 bilden.Especially during exercises where the infantry unit is seen in the direction of fire behind the actual target, the maximum total range of the projectile 1, 11, 21 to the weapon is usually around 3000m. Among other things, the soldiers are about 5000m away from the firing weapon. The so-called practice or main fight distance is then often 1200m to 1400m. The nominal burn time to be selected in this constellation is approx. 1.2 s. The remaining flight distance of projectile 1, 11, 21 would then result from the difference of 3000m and the combat distance of 1400m. It goes without saying that the data given here are not to be regarded as restrictive, but rather form a starting point for the free choice of the pre-settable burning time and thus the flight time of the projectile 1, 11, 21.

Anstelle der pyrotechnischen Verzögerungsstrecken (Laufstrecken) für die Initiierung der Ladung 7, 17, 27 können auch elektrische Timerelemente verwendet werden. Auch besteht die Möglichkeit, anstelle der pyrotechnischen Ladung C0 2 Kartuschen zu nutzen. Die Verwendung von Aluminium als Material für die Geschossogive 2, 12, 22 ist gleichfaUs denkbar. Alternativen für Stahl als Geschosskörper 3, 13, 23 kennt der Fachmann und wird diese hier einsetzen.Instead of the pyrotechnic delay sections (running sections) for initiating the charge 7, 17, 27, electrical timer elements can also be used. It is also possible to use CO 2 cartridges instead of the pyrotechnic charge. The use of aluminum as the material for the projectile ogives 2, 12, 22 is also conceivable. The person skilled in the art knows alternatives to steel as the projectile body 3, 13, 23 and will use them here.

Claims (14)

  1. Projectile (1, 21) with reduced range, comprising a projectile body (3, 13, 23) and a projectile ogive (2, 22), as well as at least one tracer streak (5, 25) and/or at least one delay element (6, 26), a pressure-generating charge (7, 27) in the projectile body (3, 23) being functionally connected to the at least one tracer streak (5, 25) and/or the at least one delay element (6, 26), the pressure-generating charge (7, 27) acting on the projectile (1, 21) after initiation by the at least one tracer streak or the at least one delay element in such a way that the trajectory of the projectile (1, 21) is influenced after a set flight time (t) has been reached, characterized in that the projectile ogive (2, 22 ) has at least one predetermined breaking point (4), and in that an internal pressure arising from the initiated pressure-generating charge (7, 27) acts on the projectile ogive (2, 22) having the predetermined breaking point (4) and tears open the latter.
  2. Projectile (1, 21) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one predetermined breaking point (4) is on the periphery of the projectile ogive (2, 22) .
  3. Projectile (1, 21) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one predetermined breaking point (4) is integrated in the longitudinal direction of the projectile (2, 21).
  4. Projectile (11, 21) with reduced range, comprising a projectile body (13, 23) and a projectile ogive (12, 22), as well as at least one tracer streak (15, 25) and/or at least one delay element (16, 26), a pressure-generating charge (17, 27) in the projectile body (13, 23) being functionally connected to the at least one tracer streak (15, 25) and/or the at least one delay element (16, 26), the pressure-generating charge (7, 27) acting on the projectile (1, 21) after initiation by the at least one tracer streak or the at least one delay element in such a way that the trajectory of the projectile (1, 21) is influenced after a set flight time (t) has been reached, characterized in that at least one opening (19) is integrated in the projectile body (13, 23), which opening is covered by a bursting disk (10).
  5. Projectile (11, 21) according to claim 4, characterized in that the at least one opening (19) is integrated in the projectile body (13, 23) circumferentially.
  6. Projectile (11, 21) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the at least one opening (19) is constant or nozzle-shaped, the nozzle shape having a diameter that increases outwards or tapers outwards.
  7. Projectile (11, 21) according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the projectile ogive (2, 22) has at least one predetermined breaking point (4) on the periphery thereof.
  8. Projectile (1, 21) according to claim 7, characterized in that the at least one predetermined breaking point (4) is integrated in the longitudinal direction of the projectile (2, 21).
  9. Projectile (1, 11, 12) according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the projectile ogive (2, 12, 22) is fastened to the projectile body (3, 13, 23) by means of a screw connection or via a snap connection.
  10. Projectile (1, 11, 21) according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a plurality of delay elements (6, 16, 26) are incorporated symmetrically and asymmetrically in the projectile body (3, 13, 23).
  11. Projectile (1, 11, 21) according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the delay elements (6, 16, 26) comprise a pyrotechnic charge or are electrical timer elements.
  12. Projectile (1, 11, 21) according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the pressure-generating charge (7) is a pyrotechnic charge.
  13. Projectile (1, 11, 21) according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that CO2 which is integrated in a cartridge is used as the pressure-generating charge.
  14. Projectile (1, 11, 21) according to any of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is a combat or practice projectile.
EP16785100.5A 2015-10-06 2016-09-27 Projectile having a reduced range Active EP3359909B1 (en)

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DE102015117003.5A DE102015117003A1 (en) 2015-10-06 2015-10-06 Projectile with reduced range
PCT/EP2016/072900 WO2017060119A1 (en) 2015-10-06 2016-09-27 Projectile having a reduced range

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EP3359909A1 EP3359909A1 (en) 2018-08-15
EP3359909B1 true EP3359909B1 (en) 2023-05-10

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DE102019126585A1 (en) 2019-10-02 2021-04-08 Rwm Schweiz Ag Shortened range bullet
DE102022002233A1 (en) 2021-08-21 2023-02-23 Kastriot Merlaku Weapons system with precision guided ammunition

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE518095A (en) * 1952-04-05 Energa
US3713386A (en) * 1970-06-22 1973-01-30 Colt Ind Operating Corp Range limited projectile system
SE429064B (en) * 1976-04-02 1983-08-08 Bofors Ab FINAL PHASE CORRECTION OF ROTATING PROJECTILE
FR2527764B1 (en) * 1982-06-01 1986-11-21 France Etat EXERCISE SHELL
FR2548773B1 (en) * 1983-07-04 1986-12-19 France Etat Armement ARROW AMMUNITION AND PROJECTILES FOR EXERCISE
DE3617656A1 (en) 1986-05-26 1987-12-03 Dynamit Nobel Ag Practice projectile (practice round) having a reduced range
FR2649195B1 (en) * 1989-07-03 1993-12-31 Matra Manurhin Defense EXERCISE PROJECTILE FOR AUTOMATIC OR MANUAL WEAPON
DE3927799A1 (en) * 1989-08-23 1991-02-28 Rheinmetall Gmbh Reducing practice projectile range by thermally induced expansion - of hollow sheet metal fins
DE3933442A1 (en) * 1989-10-06 1991-04-18 Rheinmetall Gmbh Wing-stabilised impact projectile - with blast-off charge for guide wing system
FR2789484B1 (en) * 1999-02-08 2001-12-07 Giat Ind Sa DEFENSE DEVICE WITH REDUCED LETHALITY
DE102005030263B3 (en) 2005-06-29 2006-11-30 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Safety system for programmable munitions comprises self-destruct device that is activated if detonator test is failed and is overridden if detonator test is passed
DE102012014149B3 (en) 2012-07-18 2013-07-25 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Mechanically adjustable delay element
DE102013013705A1 (en) 2013-08-20 2015-02-26 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Pyrotechnic deceleration device for an ammunition fuse and mortar shell with such a delay device

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EP3359909A1 (en) 2018-08-15
DE102015117003A1 (en) 2017-04-06

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