EP3303982B1 - Smoke munition - Google Patents

Smoke munition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3303982B1
EP3303982B1 EP16726103.1A EP16726103A EP3303982B1 EP 3303982 B1 EP3303982 B1 EP 3303982B1 EP 16726103 A EP16726103 A EP 16726103A EP 3303982 B1 EP3303982 B1 EP 3303982B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
smoke
munition
submunition
smoke munition
delay element
Prior art date
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Active
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EP16726103.1A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3303982A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Raupp
Lothar-Georg Kopp
Stefan Lauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Publication of EP3303982A1 publication Critical patent/EP3303982A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/145—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile for dispensing gases, vapours, powders, particles or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B5/15—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile for dispensing gases, vapours, powders, particles or chemically-reactive substances for creating a screening or decoy effect, e.g. using radar chaff or infrared material
    • F42B5/155—Smoke-pot projectors, e.g. arranged on vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/48—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances smoke-producing, e.g. infrared clouds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/48—Range-reducing, destabilising or braking arrangements, e.g. impact-braking arrangements; Fall-retarding means, e.g. balloons, rockets for braking or fall-retarding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a launcher which can be fired to produce a mist for protecting ships.
  • the active body preferably float before the impact on the water surface.
  • a buoyancy aid is activated before the impact, which prevents the active body from sinking. Therefore, after the active body has been fired, the active mass is lit and, at about the same time, a pyrotechnic trigger that activates the gas generation mixture of the swimming aid, which is also incorporated in a grenade (smoke grenade).
  • An apparatus and a method for producing an effective fog wall above the water surface discloses the EP 2 612 101 A1 .
  • An active body for creating false targets is in the DE 10 2004 047 231 B4 described.
  • mist ammunition is deployed as a visual or infrared screen in the direction of an opponent and blocks both the optical view and the image on IR viewing devices.
  • a device for creating multispectral smoke screens names the WO 2012/028257 A1 .
  • the active bodies of the fog grenades usually come to rest on a solid surface, so that the fog active mass can fully react.
  • a smoke marking device is published which can be fired from a pistol.
  • the device includes an inflatable float attached to the housing containing the smoke composition.
  • the invention has for its object to show a way through which active bodies can be deployed quickly and safely for the ship's crew and whose active mass can be converted completely into fog even after being hit on the water.
  • the invention is essentially based on the idea of providing the active body of a fog grenade with a swimming aid which can be deployed before the active body strikes the water and prevents the active body from sinking and the active mass producing the fog from becoming wet.
  • the mist grenade comprises a grenade sleeve for receiving the active body with at least one mist-producing active mass, with an ignition device for igniting an ejection charge of the active body and for igniting one that acts on an ignition charge of the active mass at the rear end of the grenade sleeve, as seen in the firing direction first pyrotechnic delay element is arranged.
  • this has a housing-shaped extension for an inflatable buoyancy aid of the active body. This buoyancy aid is designed in such a way that, in the inflated state, it prevents the active body from sinking until the active mass which produces fog has reacted as completely as possible.
  • a gas generation mixture is arranged within the active body, which mixture can be activated by the ignition charge of the active mass via a second pyrotechnic delay element.
  • the buoyancy aid is designed in such a way that it has a tire-shaped, spherical, pillow-shaped or similar shape when inflated.
  • the material of the buoyancy aid can be an aramid fiber fabric, for example.
  • This telescopic tube device is enclosed by the inflatable buoyancy aid and is connected to it in such a force-fitting manner that when the buoyancy aid is inflated, the buoyancy aid actuates the telescopic tube device in its pushed-apart state.
  • the combustion products of the active mass that produce the mist escape into the outer atmosphere via the interior of the tubes of the telescopic tube device.
  • the active body should preferably include a central tube, which extends in the longitudinal direction and is surrounded by the active material, and is made of a heat-resistant material (for example steel), in which the ejection charge, the first pyrotechnic delay element and the ignition charge are arranged axially one behind the other, and one at its front end Has opening for ignition of the second pyrotechnic delay element.
  • a heat-resistant material for example steel
  • the floating ammunition can be brought in from any shot cup / launcher (e.g. 76mm).
  • the caliber extension necessary for the placement of the telescopic device and swimming aid is, for example, outside the launcher.
  • the distance from the point of contact of the edge of the launcher (27; Fig. 1 ) to the outer rear end of the ammunition is the same as that of conventional mist ammunition, e.g. of the 76mm caliber.
  • a fog grenade is proposed for the ship's crew, the active body of which can be deployed quickly and safely and the active mass of which can be converted completely into fog even after being hit on the water, for which purpose the active body is provided with a swimming aid which is before the active body hits the water unfolds and prevents the active body from sinking and the active mist-producing mass from getting wet.
  • Fig. 1 1 is a smoke ammunition (smoke grenade), which comprises a (garnet) sleeve 2 for receiving a fog-producing active body 3.
  • a contacting cup 5 with electrical contact rings 6 is provided at the rear end 4 of the sleeve 2, seen in the firing direction.
  • the contact rings 6 are connected to an ignition device 7 for electrical ignition, which in turn acts on an exhaust charge 8.
  • the ejection charge 8 After the ejection charge 8 is ignited, it ignites an ignition charge 10 of an active mass 30 producing the mist via a first pyrotechnic delay element 9.
  • the exhaust charge 8, the first pyrotechnic delay element 9 and the igniter 10 are arranged axially one behind the other in a central center tube 11 (for example made of steel) of the active body 3.
  • a central center tube 11 for example made of steel
  • the central tube 11 there is a locking bolt 25 on the opposite side of the delay element 9, on the front side of which there is a cover film 22.
  • the locking bolt 25 extends with its cover film up to the primer 10.
  • the sleeve 2 has a housing-shaped extension 12 for receiving a telescopic tube device 13 consisting of, for example, three cylindrical tubes in the inserted state and a folded swimming aid 14 surrounding the telescopic tube device 13.
  • a gas generation mixture 16 that can be ignited by a second pyrotechnic delay element 15. This mixture is used to generate gases for inflating the swimming aid 14.
  • Fig. 1-3 The function sequence when firing the active body 3 of the smoke grenade 1 according to the invention is explained in more detail: If the active body 3 of the smoke grenade 1 is to be fired, an ignition current is generated by the corresponding launcher (not shown) and the ignition device 7 is electrically ignited via the contact rings 6. This then ignites the discharge charge 8, which provides the gas pressure required for the discharge of the active body 3 of the mist ammunition 1 from the launcher. After the discharge charge 8 has been ignited, the gas enters a pressure chamber 26. The flow of force passes through a perforated disk 21 into a housing 29 of the gas generation mixture 16 into the cover 23 via the base of the can 28 of the active body 3. When the required force is reached, the cover becomes 23 pushed out. The pressure which builds up thus generates the force required to push off the cover 23 and to accelerate the active body 3 into the corresponding orbit.
  • the ejection charge 8 in turn ignites the first pyrotechnic delay element 9, which ignites the ignition charge 10 and thus the fog-producing active mass 30 after the flight of the active body 3 after a predetermined period of time.
  • the active mass 30 is ignited by the hot gases generated by the ignition charge 10. These reach the end face of the active mass 30 through axial bores and transverse borings of the locking bolt 25 (not shown in more detail) and through congruent transverse bores of the central tube 11.
  • the second pyrotechnic delay element 15 is also ignited via an opening 17 provided at the front end in the central tube 11, so that after a predetermined period of time the gases of the gas generation mixture 16 fill the swimming aid 14.
  • This gas filling of the buoyancy aid 14 expands it, for example in a pillow-like manner, during the flight of the active body 3 and causes the telescopic tubes of the telescopic tube device 13 to extend, through which the mist 18 generated by the active mass 30 reaches the surrounding atmosphere ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the active body 3 Since the mist 18 generating active mass 30 has a larger mass than the swimming aid 14 including telescopic tube device 13, the active body 3 is directed during its flight in the in Fig. 2 shown manner, ie the active mass 30 is in the direction of flight in front of the swimming aid 14. In this position, the active body 3 also strikes the water surface 19.
  • the active body 3 sinks more or less deeply into the water 20 ( Fig. 3 ).
  • the mist generated by the active mass 30 continues to reach the air through the extended telescopic tubes of the telescopic tube device 13.
  • the active body 3 including the buoyancy aid 14 should be located slightly below the water surface 19 due to the weight of the active body 3, the intended environment is nebulized. This is because the internal pressure that arises when the active substance burns up is generally greater than the excess pressure of 10 4 N / m 2 present in about one meter of water depth, so that no water 20 can get into the interior of the active body.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft aus einem Werfer verschießbare Wirkkörper zur Erzeugung eines Nebels zum Schutz von Schiffen. Diese zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass bevorzugt noch vor dem Aufschlag auf der Wasseroberfläche der / die Wirkkörper schwimmfähig werden. Dazu wird vor dem Aufschlag eine Schwimmhilfe aktiviert, die verhindert, dass der Wirckörper versinkt. Daher wird nach dem Abschuss des Wirkkörpers die Wirkmasser angezündet und in etwa zeitgleich ein pyrotechnischer Satzauslöser, der das Gaserzeugungsgemisch der ebenfalls in einer Granate (Nebelgranate) eingebundenen Schwimmhilfe aktiviert.The invention relates to a launcher which can be fired to produce a mist for protecting ships. These are characterized by the fact that the active body (s) preferably float before the impact on the water surface. For this purpose, a buoyancy aid is activated before the impact, which prevents the active body from sinking. Therefore, after the active body has been fired, the active mass is lit and, at about the same time, a pyrotechnic trigger that activates the gas generation mixture of the swimming aid, which is also incorporated in a grenade (smoke grenade).

Eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer wirksamen Nebelwand über der Wasseroberfläche offenbart die EP 2 612 101 A1 . Ein Wirkkörper zur Scheinzielerzeugung wird in der DE 10 2004 047 231 B4 beschrieben.An apparatus and a method for producing an effective fog wall above the water surface discloses the EP 2 612 101 A1 . An active body for creating false targets is in the DE 10 2004 047 231 B4 described.

Bei landgestützten Fahrzeugen (Panzer, LKW etc.) wird Nebelmunition als visueller oder infraroter Sichtschutz in Richtung eines Gegners ausgebracht und versperrt diesem sowohl die optische Sicht als auch die Abbildung auf IR-Sichtgeräten. Eine Vorrichtung zur Schaffung multispektraler Nebelwände benennt die WO 2012/028257 A1 . Die Wirkkörper der Nebelgranaten kommen in der Regel normalerweise auf festem Untergrund zu liegen, sodass die Nebelwirkmasse sich vollständig umsetzen kann.In land-based vehicles (tanks, trucks, etc.), mist ammunition is deployed as a visual or infrared screen in the direction of an opponent and blocks both the optical view and the image on IR viewing devices. A device for creating multispectral smoke screens names the WO 2012/028257 A1 . The active bodies of the fog grenades usually come to rest on a solid surface, so that the fog active mass can fully react.

Beim Verschießen derart bekannter Nebelgranaten von einem Schiff aus würde der Wirckörper der Nebelgranate nach dem Aufschlagen auf das Wasser versinken. Die in dem Wirkkörper enthaltene Nebel erzeugende Wirkmasse würde nass werden und könnte dann nicht angezündet werden. Sofern die Wirkmasse bereits vor dem Aufschlagen des Wirkkörpers auf das Wasser angezündet wurde, würde sie wieder erlöschen.If such known smoke grenades were fired from a ship, the active body of the smoke grenade would sink into the water after being hit. The mist-producing active substance contained in the active body would get wet and could then not be ignited. If the active mass was already lit before the active body hit the water, it would go out again.

Um daher ein Vernebeln von Schiffen als Eigenschutz zu erreichen, werden üblicherweise schwimmfähige Nebeltöpfe von der Schiffsbesatzung manuell ins Wasser geworfen. Eine derartige Lösung zeigt die US 3,427,973 A , die eine handgeworfene schwimmende Granate offenbart. Diese weist eine teleskopierbare Umhüllung auf, um zu erreichen, dass die Granate schwimmfähig wird, sobald die Granate auf das Wasser auftrifft.In order to achieve a nebulization of ships as self-protection, floating mist pots are usually thrown into the water by the ship's crew manually. Such a solution shows the US 3,427,973 A that reveals a hand-thrown floating grenade. This has a telescopic cover in order to ensure that the grenade becomes buoyant as soon as the grenade hits the water.

Abgesehen davon, dass eine derartige Ausbringung von Nebeltöpfen aufwändig und für die Schiffsbesatzung mit Gefahren verbunden ist, ist auch die erzielbare Vernebelung der Umgebung der Schiffe relativ ungenau.In addition to the fact that such an application of fog pots is complex and associated with dangers for the ship's crew, the achievable nebulization of the surroundings of the ships is also relatively imprecise.

Aus der US 3,685,450 A ist eine Granate bekannt, die verschossen auf dem Wasser die Wirkung als Nebelgranate entfalten kann. Für den Auftrieb im Wasser vergrößert sich das Containervolumen.From the US 3,685,450 A is known a grenade that when fired on the water can develop the effect of a fog grenade. The container volume increases for buoyancy in the water.

Mit der US 3,759,216 A wird eine Rauch-Markierungsvorrichtung publiziert, die von einer Pistole abgeschossen werden kann. Die Vorrichtung umfasst ein aufblasbares Schwimmteil, das an dem die Rauchzusammensetzung enthaltenden Gehäuse befestigt ist.With the US 3,759,216 A a smoke marking device is published which can be fired from a pistol. The device includes an inflatable float attached to the housing containing the smoke composition.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit aufzuzeigen, durch die Wirkkörper für die Schiffsbesatzung schnell und gefahrlos ausbringbar sind und deren Wirkmasse auch nach dem Aufschlagen auf das Wasser vollständig in Nebel umsetztbar ist.The invention has for its object to show a way through which active bodies can be deployed quickly and safely for the ship's crew and whose active mass can be converted completely into fog even after being hit on the water.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere, besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung offenbaren die Unteransprüche.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1. Further, particularly advantageous configurations of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung beruht im Wesentlichen auf dem Gedanken, den Wirkkörper einer Nebelgranate mit einer Schwimmhilfe zu versehen, die vor dem Aufschlagen des Wirkkörpers auf das Wasser entfaltbar ist und verhindert, dass der Wirkkörper versinkt und die Nebel erzeugende Wirkmasse nass wird.The invention is essentially based on the idea of providing the active body of a fog grenade with a swimming aid which can be deployed before the active body strikes the water and prevents the active body from sinking and the active mass producing the fog from becoming wet.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die Nebelgranate eine Granathülse zur Aufnahme des Wirkkörpers mit mindestens einer Nebel erzeugenden Wirkmasse, wobei an dem, in Abschussrichtung gesehen, heckseitigen Ende der Granathülse eine Anzündeinrichtung zur Zündung einer Ausstoßladung des Wirkkörpers sowie zur Zündung einer auf einen Anzündsatz der Wirkmasse wirkendes erstes pyrotechnisches Verzögerungselement angeordnet ist. Im Bereich des vorderen Endes der Granathülse weist diese eine gehäuseförmige Erweiterung für eine aufblasbare Schwimmhilfe des Wirkkörpers auf. Diese Schwimmhilfe ist derart ausgebildet, dass sie im aufgeblasenen Zustand den Wirkkörper solange am Versinken hindert, bis die Nebel erzeugende Wirkmasse sich möglichst vollständig umgesetzt hat. Zum Aufblasen der Schwimmhilfe ist innerhalb des Wirkkörpers ein Gaserzeugungsgemisch angeordnet, welches über ein zweites pyrotechnisches Verzögerungselement von dem Anzündsatz der Wirkmasse aktivierbar ist. Die Schwimmhilfe ist derart ausgebildet, dass sie im aufgeblasenen Zustand eine reifenförmige, eine kugelförmige, eine kissenförmige oder eine ähnliche Gestalt aufweist. Das Material der Schwimmhilfe kann beispielsweise ein Aramidfasergewebe sein. Zur Stabilisierung der Schwimmhilfe hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn sich in der gehäuseförmigen Erweiterung der Granathülse an die Außenwand der Wirkmasse zunächst eine aus mindestens zwei zylinderförmigen Rohren bestehende Teleskoprohreinrichtung im eingeschobenen Zustand anschließt. Diese Teleskoprohreinrichtung wird von der aufblasbaren Schwimmhilfe umschlossen und ist mit ihr derart kraftschlüssig verbunden, dass beim Aufblasen der Schwimmhilfe die Schwimmhilfe die Teleskoprohreinrichtung in ihren auseinandergeschobenen Zustand betätigt. Dabei entweichen die den Nebel erzeugenden Verbrennungsprodukte der Wirkmasse über den Innenraum der Rohre der Teleskoprohreinrichtung in die äußere Atmosphäre.In a preferred embodiment, the mist grenade comprises a grenade sleeve for receiving the active body with at least one mist-producing active mass, with an ignition device for igniting an ejection charge of the active body and for igniting one that acts on an ignition charge of the active mass at the rear end of the grenade sleeve, as seen in the firing direction first pyrotechnic delay element is arranged. In the area of the front end of the grenade sleeve, this has a housing-shaped extension for an inflatable buoyancy aid of the active body. This buoyancy aid is designed in such a way that, in the inflated state, it prevents the active body from sinking until the active mass which produces fog has reacted as completely as possible. To inflate the buoyancy aid, a gas generation mixture is arranged within the active body, which mixture can be activated by the ignition charge of the active mass via a second pyrotechnic delay element. The buoyancy aid is designed in such a way that it has a tire-shaped, spherical, pillow-shaped or similar shape when inflated. The material of the buoyancy aid can be an aramid fiber fabric, for example. To stabilize the buoyancy aid, it has proven to be advantageous if, in the housing-shaped extension of the garnet sleeve, a telescopic tube device consisting of at least two cylindrical tubes is first connected in the inserted state in the outer wall of the active mass. This telescopic tube device is enclosed by the inflatable buoyancy aid and is connected to it in such a force-fitting manner that when the buoyancy aid is inflated, the buoyancy aid actuates the telescopic tube device in its pushed-apart state. The combustion products of the active mass that produce the mist escape into the outer atmosphere via the interior of the tubes of the telescopic tube device.

Vorzugsweise sollte der Wirkkörper ein sich in Längsrichtung erstreckendes, von der Wirkmasse umschlossenes zentrales Mittelrohr aus einem hitzeresistenten Material (beispielsweise Stahl) enthalten, in dem die Ausstoßladung, das erste pyrotechnische Verzögerungselement und der Anzündsatz axial hintereinander angeordnet sind, und welches an seinem vorderen Ende eine Öffnung zur Zündung des zweiten pyrotechnischen Verzögerungselementes aufweist.The active body should preferably include a central tube, which extends in the longitudinal direction and is surrounded by the active material, and is made of a heat-resistant material (for example steel), in which the ejection charge, the first pyrotechnic delay element and the ignition charge are arranged axially one behind the other, and one at its front end Has opening for ignition of the second pyrotechnic delay element.

Die schwimmfähige Munition kann von jedem Wurfbecher / Werfer aus verbracht werden (z.B. 76mm). Die für die Platzierung der Teleskopeinrichtung und Schwimmhilfe notwendige Kalibererweiterung befindet sich beispielsweise außerhalb des Werfers. Der Abstand vom Auflagepunkt des Randes des Werfers (27; Fig.1) bis zum äußeren hinteren Ende der Munition ist der gleiche, wie von der herkömmlichen Nebelmunition, z.B. vom Kaliber 76mm.The floating ammunition can be brought in from any shot cup / launcher (e.g. 76mm). The caliber extension necessary for the placement of the telescopic device and swimming aid is, for example, outside the launcher. The distance from the point of contact of the edge of the launcher (27; Fig. 1 ) to the outer rear end of the ammunition is the same as that of conventional mist ammunition, e.g. of the 76mm caliber.

Vorgeschlagen wird eine Nebelgranate für die Schiffsbesatzung, deren Wirkkörper schnell und gefahrlos ausbringbar ist und deren Wirkmasse auch nach dem Aufschlagen auf das Wasser vollständig in Nebel umsetzbar ist, wozu der Wirkkörper mit einer Schwimmhilfe versehen ist, die vor dem Aufschlagen des Wirkkörpers auf das Wasser sich entfaltet und verhindert, dass der Wirkkörper versinkt und die Nebel erzeugende Wirkmasse nass wird.A fog grenade is proposed for the ship's crew, the active body of which can be deployed quickly and safely and the active mass of which can be converted completely into fog even after being hit on the water, for which purpose the active body is provided with a swimming aid which is before the active body hits the water unfolds and prevents the active body from sinking and the active mist-producing mass from getting wet.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den folgenden, anhand von Figuren erläuterten Ausführungsbeispielen. Es zeigen:

Fig.1
den Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Nebelgranate mit einem Nebel erzeugenden Wirkkörper mit Schwimmhilfe und Teleskoprohreinrichtung vor dem Abschuss des Wirkkörpers aus einem Granatwerfer;
Fig.2
eine schematische Darstellung des in Fig.1 dargestellten Wirkkörpers nach seinem Abschuss und dem Entfalten der Schwimmhilfe, aber vor dem Auftreffen auf eine Wasseroberfläche und
Fig.3
der in Fig.2 dargestellte Wirkkörper nach seinem Auftreffen auf die Wasseroberfläche.
Further details and advantages of the invention result from the following exemplary embodiments explained with reference to figures. Show it:
Fig. 1
the longitudinal section through a fog grenade according to the invention with a fog-producing active body with swimming aid and telescopic tube device before Launching the active body from a grenade launcher;
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of the in Fig. 1 shown active body after its launch and the unfolding of the buoyancy aid, but before hitting a water surface and
Fig. 3
the in Fig. 2 shown active body after its impact on the water surface.

In Fig.1 ist mit 1 eine Nebelmunition (Nebelgranate) bezeichnet, die eine (Granat-)Hülse 2 zur Aufnahme eines Nebels erzeugenden Wirkkörpers 3 umfasst.In Fig. 1 1 is a smoke ammunition (smoke grenade), which comprises a (garnet) sleeve 2 for receiving a fog-producing active body 3.

An dem, in Abschussrichtung gesehen, heckseitigen Ende 4 der Hülse 2 ist ein Kontaktierungsbecher 5 mit elektrischen Kontaktringen 6 vorgesehen. Die Kontaktringe 6 sind zur elektrischen Zündung mit einer Anzündeinrichtung 7 verbunden, die ihrerseits auf eine Ausstoßladung 8 wirkt.At the rear end 4 of the sleeve 2, seen in the firing direction, a contacting cup 5 with electrical contact rings 6 is provided. The contact rings 6 are connected to an ignition device 7 for electrical ignition, which in turn acts on an exhaust charge 8.

Nach Zündung der Ausstoßladung 8 zündet diese über ein erstes pyrotechnisches Verzögerungselement 9 einen Anzündsatz 10 einer den Nebel erzeugenden Wirkmasse 30.After the ejection charge 8 is ignited, it ignites an ignition charge 10 of an active mass 30 producing the mist via a first pyrotechnic delay element 9.

Die Ausstoßladung 8, das erste pyrotechnische Verzögerungselement 9 und der Anzündsatz 10 sind axial hintereinander in einem zentralen Mittelrohr 11 (beispielsweise aus Stahl) des Wirkkörpers 3 angeordnet. Im Mittelrohr 11 befindet sich auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Verzögerungselements 9 ein Verschließbolzen 25, an dessen Stirnseite sich eine Abdeckfolie 22 befindet. Um zu vermeiden, dass der Anzündsatz 10 je nach Lage der Munition wandern kann, reicht der Verschließbolzen 25 mit seiner Abdeckfolie bis an den Anzündsatz 10 heran.The exhaust charge 8, the first pyrotechnic delay element 9 and the igniter 10 are arranged axially one behind the other in a central center tube 11 (for example made of steel) of the active body 3. In the central tube 11 there is a locking bolt 25 on the opposite side of the delay element 9, on the front side of which there is a cover film 22. In order to avoid that the primer 10 can move depending on the position of the ammunition, the locking bolt 25 extends with its cover film up to the primer 10.

Vorderseitig weist die Hülse 2 eine gehäuseförmige Erweiterung 12 zur Aufnahme einer aus beispielsweise drei zylinderförmigen Rohren bestehenden Teleskoprohreinrichtung 13 im eingeschobenen Zustand und einer die Teleskoprohreinrichtung 13 umschließenden zusammengefalteten Schwimmhilfe 14 auf. Außerdem befindet sich im vorderen Bereich des Wirkkörpers 3 ein von einem zweiten pyrotechnischen Verzögerungselement 15 zündbares Gaserzeugungsgemisch 16. Dieses dient zur Erzeugung von Gasen zum Aufblasen der Schwimmhilfe 14.On the front, the sleeve 2 has a housing-shaped extension 12 for receiving a telescopic tube device 13 consisting of, for example, three cylindrical tubes in the inserted state and a folded swimming aid 14 surrounding the telescopic tube device 13. In addition, in the front area of the active body 3 there is a gas generation mixture 16 that can be ignited by a second pyrotechnic delay element 15. This mixture is used to generate gases for inflating the swimming aid 14.

Nachfolgend wird mit Hilfe der Fig.1-3 näher auf den Funktionsablauf beim Verschießen des Wirkkörpers 3 der erfindungsgemäßen Nebelgranate 1 eingegangen:
Soll der Wirkkörper 3 der Nebelgranate 1 verschossen werden, so wird von dem entsprechenden Werfer (nicht dargestellt) ein Zündstrom erzeugt und über die Kontaktringe 6 die Anzündeinrichtung 7 elektrisch gezündet. Diese zündet dann die Ausstoßladung 8, die den für den Ausstoß des Wirkkörpers 3 der Nebelmunition 1 aus dem Werfer erforderlichen Gasdruck liefert. Nach dem Anzünden der Ausstoßladung 8 gelangt das Gas in einen Druckraum 26. Über den Boden der Dose 28 des Wirkkörpers 3 gelangt der Kraftfluss über eine Lochscheibe 21 in ein Gehäuse 29 des Gaserzeugungsgemisches 16 in den Deckel 23. Bei Erreichen der erforderlichen Kraft wird der Deckel 23 rausgedrückt. Der sich aufbauende Druck erzeugt somit die erforderliche Kraft, um den Deckel 23 abzustoßen und den Wirkkörper 3 auf die entsprechende Umlaufbahn zu beschleunigen.In the following, the Fig. 1-3 The function sequence when firing the active body 3 of the smoke grenade 1 according to the invention is explained in more detail:
If the active body 3 of the smoke grenade 1 is to be fired, an ignition current is generated by the corresponding launcher (not shown) and the ignition device 7 is electrically ignited via the contact rings 6. This then ignites the discharge charge 8, which provides the gas pressure required for the discharge of the active body 3 of the mist ammunition 1 from the launcher. After the discharge charge 8 has been ignited, the gas enters a pressure chamber 26. The flow of force passes through a perforated disk 21 into a housing 29 of the gas generation mixture 16 into the cover 23 via the base of the can 28 of the active body 3. When the required force is reached, the cover becomes 23 pushed out. The pressure which builds up thus generates the force required to push off the cover 23 and to accelerate the active body 3 into the corresponding orbit.

Die Ausstoßladung 8 zündet ihrerseits das erste pyrotechnische Verzögerungselement 9, welches während des Fluges des Wirkkörpers 3 nach Ablauf einer vorgegebenen Zeitdauer den Anzündsatz 10 und damit die Nebel erzeugende Wirkmasse 30 zündet. Die Anzündung der Wirkmasse 30 erfolgt durch die vom Anzündsatz 10 erzeugten heißen Gase. Diese gelangen durch Achsbohrungen und Querborhung des Verschließbolzens 25 (nicht näher dargestellt) sowie durch kongruente Querbohrungen des Mittelrohres 11 auf die Stirnfläche der Wirkmasse 30. Auf der Wirkmasse 30 befindet sich ein anzündfreudiger pyrotechnischer Anzündsatz, der das stirnförmige Abbrennen der Wirkmasse 30 unterstützt. Außerdem wird mit Hilfe des Anzündsatzes 10 auch das zweite pyrotechnische Verzögerungselement 15 über eine am vorderseitigen Ende in dem Mittelrohr 11 vorgesehenen Öffnung 17 gezündet, sodass nach Ablauf einer vorgegebenen Zeitdauer die Gase des Gaserzeugungsgemisches 16 die Schwimmhilfe 14 befüllen. Durch diese Gasbefüllung der Schwimmhilfe 14 dehnt sich diese während des Fluges des Wirkkörpers 3 beispielsweise kissenförmig aus und bewirkt ein Ausfahren der Teleskoprohre der Teleskoprohreinrichtung 13, durch welche der von der Wirkmasse 30 erzeugte Nebel 18 in die umgebende Atmosphäre gelangt (Fig.2).The ejection charge 8 in turn ignites the first pyrotechnic delay element 9, which ignites the ignition charge 10 and thus the fog-producing active mass 30 after the flight of the active body 3 after a predetermined period of time. The active mass 30 is ignited by the hot gases generated by the ignition charge 10. These reach the end face of the active mass 30 through axial bores and transverse borings of the locking bolt 25 (not shown in more detail) and through congruent transverse bores of the central tube 11. On the active mass 30 there is a pyrotechnic igniter which is easy to ignite and supports the frontal burning of the active mass 30. In addition, with the aid of the ignition charge 10, the second pyrotechnic delay element 15 is also ignited via an opening 17 provided at the front end in the central tube 11, so that after a predetermined period of time the gases of the gas generation mixture 16 fill the swimming aid 14. This gas filling of the buoyancy aid 14 expands it, for example in a pillow-like manner, during the flight of the active body 3 and causes the telescopic tubes of the telescopic tube device 13 to extend, through which the mist 18 generated by the active mass 30 reaches the surrounding atmosphere ( Fig. 2 ).

Da die Nebel 18 erzeugende Wirkmasse 30 eine größere Masse als die Schwimmhilfe 14 einschließlich Teleskoprohreinrichtung 13 besitzt, richtet sich der Wirkkörper 3 während seines Fluges in der in Fig.2 dargestellten Weise aus, d.h. die Wirkmasse 30 befindet sich in Flugrichtung vor der Schwimmhilfe 14. In dieser Lage trifft dann der Wirkkörper 3 auch auf die Wasseroberfläche 19 auf.Since the mist 18 generating active mass 30 has a larger mass than the swimming aid 14 including telescopic tube device 13, the active body 3 is directed during its flight in the in Fig. 2 shown manner, ie the active mass 30 is in the direction of flight in front of the swimming aid 14. In this position, the active body 3 also strikes the water surface 19.

In Abhängigkeit von dem Gewicht der Wirkmasse 30 und dem Auftrieb der Schwimmhilfe 14 sinkt der Wirkkörper 3 mehr oder weniger tief in das Wasser 20 ein (Fig.3). Dabei gelangt der von der Wirkmasse 30 erzeugte Nebel weiterhin durch die ausgefahrenen Teleskoprohre der Teleskoprohreinrichtung 13 in die Luft.Depending on the weight of the active mass 30 and the buoyancy of the buoyancy aid 14, the active body 3 sinks more or less deeply into the water 20 ( Fig. 3 ). The mist generated by the active mass 30 continues to reach the air through the extended telescopic tubes of the telescopic tube device 13.

Selbst wenn sich der Wirkkörper 3 einschließlich der Schwimmhilfe 14 aufgrund des Gewichtes des Wirkkörpers 3 etwas unterhalb der Wasseroberfläche 19 befinden sollte, erfolgt eine bestimmungsgemäße Vernebelung der Umgebung des entsprechenden Schiffes. Denn der bei dem Wirkmassenabbrand entstehende Innendruck ist in der Regel größer als der in etwa einem Meter Wassertiefe vorhandene Überdruck von 104 N/m2, sodass kein Wasser 20 in das Wirkkörperinnere gelangen kann.Even if the active body 3 including the buoyancy aid 14 should be located slightly below the water surface 19 due to the weight of the active body 3, the intended environment is nebulized. This is because the internal pressure that arises when the active substance burns up is generally greater than the excess pressure of 10 4 N / m 2 present in about one meter of water depth, so that no water 20 can get into the interior of the active body.

Nach dem Abbrand der Wirkmasse 30 wird der durch Leckagen verursachte Gasverlust in der Schwimmhilfe 14 die Versenkung der von dem Wirkkörper 3 übrig gebliebenen Teile in der See bewirken.After the active mass 30 has burned off, the gas loss in the swimming aid 14 caused by leaks will cause the parts remaining from the active body 3 to sink into the sea.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

11
Nebelgranate, GranateFog grenade, grenade
22nd
GranathülseShell shell
33rd
WirkkörperActive body
44th
heckseitiges Enderear end
55
KontaktierungsbecherContacting cup
66
KontaktringContact ring
77
AnzündeinrichtungIgnition device
88th
AusstoßladungExhaust charge
99
erstes pyrotechnisches Verzögerungselementfirst pyrotechnic delay element
1010th
AnzündsatzIgnition charge
1111
MittelrohrMiddle tube
1212th
gehäuseförmige Erweiterunghousing-shaped extension
1313
TeleskoprohreinrichtungTelescopic tube device
1414
SchwimmhilfeBuoyancy aid
1515
zweites pyrotechnisches Verzögerungselementsecond pyrotechnic delay element
1616
GaserzeugungsgemischGas generation mixture
1717th
Öffnungopening
1818th
Nebelfog
1919th
WasseroberflächeWater surface
2020
Wasserwater
2121
LochscheibePerforated disc
2222
AbdeckfolieCover film
2323
Deckelcover
2424th
AusgleichgummiCompensating rubber
2525th
VerschließbolzenLocking bolt
2626
DruckraumPressure room
2727
stirnseitiger Rand des Wurfbechersfront edge of the throwing cup
2828
Dose WirkkörperCan of active bodies
3030th
WirkmasseActive mass

Claims (15)

  1. Smoke munition (1) with at least one submunition (3) for producing smoke (18) as a protection for ships, comprising a grenade casing (2), which encloses the smoke munition (1) and is intended for receiving the submunition (3) with at least one active compound (30) that produces smoke (18), characterized in that in the front region of the grenade casing (2) there is an inflatable floating aid (14) of the submunition (3), wherein the grenade casing (2) has in the region of the front end a widening (12) in the form of a housing for the inflatable floating aid of the submunition (3).
  2. Smoke munition (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that in the front region of the grenade casing (2) there is a telescopic tube device (13) in the pushed-in state.
  3. Smoke munition (1) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the telescopic tube device (13) consisting of at least two cylindrical tubes is enclosed in the pushed-in state by the inflatable floating aid (14) and is non-positively connected to it.
  4. Smoke munition (1) according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, when the floating aid (14) inflates, the latter actuates the telescopic tube device (13) into its pushed-apart state and the combustion products that produce the smoke (18) of the active compound (30) escape into the atmosphere by way of the space inside the tubes of the telescopic tube device (13).
  5. Smoke munition (1) according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the telescopic tube device consists of three cylindrical tubes.
  6. Smoke munition (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that an igniting device (7) for igniting an expulsion charge (8) of the submunition (3) and for igniting a first pyrotechnic delay element (9), which acts on a priming charge (10) of the active compound (30), is arranged at the rear end (4) of the grenade casing (2).
  7. Smoke munition (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a gas-producing mixture (16) is arranged inside the submunition (3) in such a way that it can be activated by the first priming charge (10) of the active compound (30) by way of a second pyrotechnic delay element (15).
  8. Smoke munition (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the floating aid (14) is formed in such a way that in the inflated state it prevents the submunition (3) from sinking until the active compound (30) that produces smoke (18) has converted into smoke.
  9. Smoke munition (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the floating aid (14) is formed in such a way that it has in the inflated state a tire-shaped, sphere-shaped, cushion-shaped or strip-shaped form.
  10. Smoke munition (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the material of the floating aid (14) is an aramid fabric.
  11. Smoke munition (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the submunition (3) contains a central middle tube (11) of a heat-resistant material, which extends in the longitudinal direction and is enclosed by the active compound (30) and in which the expulsion charge (8), the first pyrotechnic delay element (9) and the priming charge (10) are arranged axially one behind the other.
  12. Smoke munition (1) according to Claim 11, characterized in that the middle tube (11) has at its front end an opening (17) for the ignition of the second pyrotechnic delay element (15).
  13. Smoke munition (1) according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that in the middle tube (11) there is on the opposite side of the delay element (9) a firing pin (25), on the end face of which there is a covering film (22).
  14. Smoke munition (1) according to Claim 13, characterized in that the firing pin (25) reaches with its covering film (22) up to a priming charge (10).
  15. Launcher with a smoke munition (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 14.
EP16726103.1A 2015-06-08 2016-05-31 Smoke munition Active EP3303982B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202015003966.9U DE202015003966U1 (en) 2015-06-08 2015-06-08 fog ammunition
PCT/EP2016/062299 WO2016198289A1 (en) 2015-06-08 2016-05-31 Smoke munition

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3303982A1 EP3303982A1 (en) 2018-04-11
EP3303982B1 true EP3303982B1 (en) 2020-07-22

Family

ID=53801635

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16726103.1A Active EP3303982B1 (en) 2015-06-08 2016-05-31 Smoke munition

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US10422609B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3303982B1 (en)
AU (1) AU2016277073B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2984206C (en)
DE (1) DE202015003966U1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016198289A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2055277A (en) * 1935-08-26 1936-09-22 Herbert C Clauser Float light
US2978716A (en) * 1944-10-24 1961-04-11 Leonard D Jackson Smoke float
GB918976A (en) * 1960-03-21 1963-02-20 Waeco Ltd Improvements in or relating to pyrotechnic or explosive devices
US3427973A (en) * 1968-05-06 1969-02-18 Us Army Grenade floatation shroud holding and releasing arrangement employing plastic connector
US3685450A (en) * 1970-06-03 1972-08-22 Us Army Floating grenade cup
US3759216A (en) * 1970-12-04 1973-09-18 Northrop Carolina Inc Smoke flare signalling and marking device
DE102004047231B4 (en) 2004-09-28 2008-08-21 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh submunitions
DE102005004935B4 (en) * 2005-02-03 2007-03-15 Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg Floatable fog pot
EP2612101B1 (en) 2010-08-31 2017-01-11 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH Device and method for producing an effective fog wall or fog cloud

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE202015003966U1 (en) 2015-07-24
EP3303982A1 (en) 2018-04-11
AU2016277073A1 (en) 2017-12-07
CA2984206A1 (en) 2016-12-15
WO2016198289A1 (en) 2016-12-15
US20180100725A1 (en) 2018-04-12
CA2984206C (en) 2023-03-14
US10422609B2 (en) 2019-09-24
AU2016277073B2 (en) 2021-03-11

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