Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
  • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
  • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
  • A47J36/06—Lids or covers for cooking-vessels
  • A47J36/062—Lids or covers for cooking-vessels non-integrated lids or covers specially adapted for deep fat fryers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
  • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
  • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
  • A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
  • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
  • B01D39/2055—Carbonaceous material
  • B01D39/2058—Carbonaceous material the material being particulate
  • B01D39/2062—Bonded, e.g. activated carbon blocks
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
  • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
  • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
  • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
  • B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
  • B01J20/28007—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size with size in the range 1-100 nanometers, e.g. nanosized particles, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanowires or the like
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
  • B01J20/28016—Particle form
  • B01J20/28019—Spherical, ellipsoidal or cylindrical
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
  • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
  • B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
  • B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
  • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
  • B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
  • B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
  • B01J20/3268—Macromolecular compounds
  • B01J20/3272—Polymers obtained by reactions otherwise than involving only carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
  • B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
  • B01J20/3291—Characterised by the shape of the carrier, the coating or the obtained coated product
  • B01J20/3293—Coatings on a core, the core being particle or fiber shaped, e.g. encapsulated particles, coated fibers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
  • C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
  • C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
  • C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of air filtration, in particular in cooking appliances such as for example fryers or frying pans.
• the present invention relates to an anti-odor cover suitable for any container allowing odors or volatile compounds to escape and more particularly to a food cooking appliance, said anti-odor cover comprising particles having a heart-shell structure consisting of '' an activated carbon core surrounded by a shell of a silica-based mesoporous sol-gel material.
• Air pollution control and in particular for pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via air purifiers or extractor hoods is essentially based on the use of activated carbon filters.
• activated carbon filters indeed has a large adsorption capacity and low cost.
• activated carbon very poorly traps small polar molecules present in indoor air such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, methyl and ethyl ketones, acetic acid, acrolein or even the acrylamide resulting from decomposition. superheated oil (such as for example fried foods).
• the Applicant has demonstrated that particles having a core-shell structure in which the core is activated carbon and the shell comprises silica sol-gel, functionalized or not, makes it possible to effectively trap the cooking vapors , including frying.
• the Applicant provides a filter material which is more effective than activated carbon and a simple and effective process for the preparation of this material.
• the present invention therefore relates to an anti-odor cover, preferably for a cooking appliance, said anti-odor cover comprising an upper wall and a lower wall characterized in that the lower wall comprises a filtering material comprising core-shell particles made of '' an activated carbon core surrounded by a mesoporous sol-gel silica shell.
• the core-shell particles are spherical and have a diameter of 20 to 400 nm.
• the mesoporous sol-gel silica shell comprises a siloxane formed from at least one organosilicate precursor chosen from tetramethoxysilane (TMIQS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS), phenyltriethoxysilane PhTEOS), (2-phenylethyl) triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyitriethoxysilane (APTES), (3-giycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMOS), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) triethyoxysilane (OPTES), N- (2-aminoethyl) - 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propylamine (NH2-TMOS), N-
• organosilicate precursor chosen from tetramethoxysilane (TMIQS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS),
• the organosilicon precursor is tetramethoxysilane or tetraethoxysilane.
• the organosiliated precursor is a mixture of tetramethoxysilane and of a functionalized organosiliated precursor, advantageously chosen from phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS), phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTEOS), (2-phenylethyl) triethoxysilane.
• APTES 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
• GPTMOS (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane
• OPTES (3-glycidyloxypropyl) triethoxysilane
• N- (2-Aminoethyl) -3- (trimethoxysilyl) propylarmne (NH2-TMOS) , the N-
• AETMS ureidopropyltriethoxysilane
• UPTS ureidopropyltriethoxysilane
• SCPTS 3- (4- semiearhazidyl) propyltriethoxysilane
• the activated carbon is in the form of rods of millimeter size.
• the lower wall comprises a housing in which the filtering material is arranged.
• the upper wall comprises at least one exhaust opening communicating with the housing of the lower wall comprising the filtering material.
• the anti-odor cover further comprises a window.
• the present invention also relates to a food cooking appliance comprising an anti-odor cover as described above.
• the food cooking appliance comprises a tank for a cooking bath; preferably the food cooking appliance is a fryer.
• “Lid” relates to a moving part which adapts to the opening of a container to close it.
• Anti-odor refers to a material or element capable of partially or totally trapping odors, preferably from cooking.
• “Cooking appliance” relates to any container suitable for cooking food.
• the cooking appliance is a saucepan, a frying pan, a pressure cooker or a fryer.
• Frtering material relates to any material capable of filtering a quantity or a flow of air.
• the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a filter material, preferably an anti-odor material.
• the present invention relates to a process for preparing a hybrid core-shell material consisting of an activated carbon core surrounded by a shell of a mesoporous sol-gel material based on silica, said process comprising the formation of a mesoporous sol-gel silica shell around activated carbon particles and the recovery of the hybrid core-shell material thus obtained.
• the alkoxy groups (OR) are hydrolyzed into silanol groups (Si-OH). These condense to form siloxane bonds (Si-O-Si-).
• silicate precursors in low concentration in an organic solvent are added dropwise to a basic aqueous solution, particles of size generally less than 1 mhi are formed, which remain in suspension without precipitating.
• the porosity of the silica nanoparticles can be varied by adding a surfactant.
• the mesoporous sol-gel silica shell is formed from at least one organosilicate precursor. It is thus possible to use a single organosilicon precursor or a mixture of organosilicon precursors.
• the at least one organosilicate precursor is advantageously chosen from tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS), phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTEOS), (2-phenylethyl) triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl , (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMOS), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) triethoxysilane (GPTES), N- (2-Aminoethyl) -3- (trimethoxysilyl) propyamine (NH2-TMOS), N-
• TMOS tetramethoxysi
• the organosilicate precursor is tetraethoxysilane or tetramethoxysilane, preferably tetraethoxysilane.
• the organosilicon precursor is a mixture of tetramethoxysilane or tetramethoxysilane and of a functionalized organosilicon precursor.
• these are amine, friend of, urea, acid or aryl functions.
• the functionalized organosilicon precursor may in particular be chosen from phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS), phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTEOS), (2-phenylethyl) trietboxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), (3-giycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxys
• GPTMOS (3-glycidyloxypropyl) triethoxysilane
• GPTES (3-glycidyloxypropyl) triethoxysilane
• NH2-TMOS N- (2-Aminoethyl) -3- (trimethoxysilyl) propylamine
• AETMS rureidopropyltriethoxysilane
• UPTS rureidopropyltriethoxysilane
• SCPTS 3- (4-semicarbazidyl) propyltriethoxysilane
• PhTMOS phenyltrimethoxysilane
• PhTEOS phenyltriethoxysilane
• APTES 3-aminopropyltrethoxysilane
• APTES N- (Trimethoxysilylpropyl) ethylenediaminetriacetate, racetoxyethyltrimethoxysilane (AETMS), 3- (4azid ) propyltriethoxysilane (SCPTS) and mixtures thereof.
• TEOS tetraethoxysilane
• NH2-TMOS N- (2-Aminoethyl) -3- (trimethoxysilyl) propylamine
• NH2-TMOS N- (2-Aminoethyl) -3- (trimethoxysilyl) propylamine
• SCPTS 3- (4-semicarbazidyl) propyltriethoxysilane
• TMOS tetramethoxysilane
• APTES ammopropyltrietlioxysilane
• PhTMOS phenyltrimethoxysilane
• OPTES phenyltriethoxysane
• the molar proportions of tetramethoxysilane (TMGS) / other (s) organosilicate precursors can be varied between 100 / 0 and 50/50, preferably between 100/0 and 75/25, more preferably between 97/3 and 75/25 or between 98/2 and 89/11.
• the activated carbon used for the present invention can be of vegetable or animal origin. Those skilled in the art will choose it according to the desired properties, in particular filtration. Thus, it is possible to use different forms of activated carbon, such as, for example, balls, powder, granules, fibers or sticks. Preferably, use will be made of an activated carbon with a large specific adsorption surface, in particular from 800 to 1500 m 2 / g.
• the activated carbon can be mixed at different concentrations with the coating composition (sol-gel composition) to modulate the quantity of core / shell.
• the method of the invention is characterized in that the formation of a mesoporous sol-gel silica shell around the activated carbon particles comprises: a) the formation of a sol-gel nanoparticle shell around particles of activated carbon in basic aqueous solution from at least one organosilicate precursor, the aqueous solution containing ammonia (NHaOH) and a surfactant, b) recovery of the activated carbon surrounded by the shell of sol-gel material prepared in step a), c) G elimination of any residual surfactant of the activated carbon surrounded by the shell of sol-gel material to release the pores of the sol-gel material formed in step a), and characterized in that in step a), a basic aqueous solution containing ammonia, the surfactant and the activated carbon is first supplied, then at least one organosilicate precursor is added, this precursor being dissolved in an organic solvent .
• the method for preparing a core-shell hybrid material consisting of activated carbon heart 'surrounded by a sol-gel silica mesoporous shell comprises the following steps: a) forming a shell of sol-gel nanoparticles around particles of activated carbon in basic aqueous solution from at least one organosilicate precursor, the aqueous solution containing ammonia (NH40H) and a surfactant, b) recovery of the activated carbon surrounded by the sol-gel silica shell prepared in step a), c) the elimination of any surfactant residues of the activated carbon surrounded by the shell of sol-gel material to release the pores of the sol-gel material formed at l 'step a), d) recovering the hybrid core-shell material consisting of an activated carbon core ' surrounded by a mesoporous sol-gel silica shell obtained in step c), characterized in that in step a), first provides a basic aqueous solution containing ammonia,
• this embodiment gives rise to discrete core-shell particles, the silica nanoparticles having weak agglomeration with one another.
• a organic solvent such as ethanol
• the amounts of ethanol and water vary between 1 to 8 mol / L and 3 to 14 mol / L, respectively and according to the concentration of the precursor in solution in ethanol, the authors obtain diameters of silica nanoparticles varying between 30 and 460 nm.
• the synthesis is carried out in aqueous solution and the contribution of the organic solvent for the solubilization of the organosilicate precursors is very low relative to the volume of the final sol.
• the amount of organic solvent is from 1 to 5% by volume, preferably from 1.5 to 4% by volume and more preferably still from 1.8 to 3% by volume relative to the final sol (ie that is to say the whole aqueous solution containing the ammonia, the surfactant and the activated carbon plus the organosilicate precursor solubilized in the organic solvent).
• the basic aqueous solution supplied in step a) is free of organic solvent and the organic solvent is only supplied with the organosilicate precursors.
• the organic solvent used to dissolve the organosilicon precursor (s) will be chosen by a person skilled in the art as a function of the organosilicon precursor or of the mixture of organosilicon precursors used, in particular among polar, protic or aprotic organic solvents.
• This organic solvent can for example be chosen from linear C1 to C4 aliphatic alcohols, in particular methanol, ethanol and propan-ol.
• the organic solvent is ethanol.
• the organosilicon precursors and the activated carbon which can be used in this embodiment are those detailed above.
• at least one organosiliated precursor is chosen from tetraethoxysilane (TEQS), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS), phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTEOS), (2-phenylethyl) triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), ) trimethoxysilane (GPTMOS), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) triethoxysilane (OPTES), N ⁇ (2-Aminoethyl) -3- (trimétlioxysilyl) propylamine (NH2-TMOS), N-
• tetraethoxysilane with N- (2-Aminoethyl) -3- (trimethoxysilyl) propylamine NEb-TMOS
• N-TMOS Trimethoxysilylpropyl
• PhTMOS phenyltrimethoxysilane
• the activated carbon is preferably in the form of powder, in particular of micrometric size.
• the molar proportions of tetramethoxysilane (TM OS) or tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) / other organosilicate precursor (s) can be varied between 100/0 and 50/50, preferably between 100/0 and 75/25, more preferably between 97/3 and 75/25 or between 98/2 and 89/1 1.
• the basic aqueous solution used in step a) is preferably an aqueous ammonia solution at a concentration of 0.8 to 3.2 mol / L, preferably from 2.0 to 2.3 mol / L.
• the basic aqueous solution used in step a) may contain a small amount of organic solvent, in particular polar, protic or aprotic.
• This organic solvent can for example be chosen from linear C1 to C4 aliphatic alcohols, in particular methanol, ethanol and propan-1-ol.
• the organic solvent is ethanol.
• the content of organic solvent does not exceed 5% by volume. More preferably, the basic aqueous solution is free of organic solvent.
• the role of the surfactant used during step a) of the first embodiment is on the one hand to promote the interaction between the surface of the activated carbon and the precursors if licensed and on the other hand part of structuring the silica network to make it mesoporous.
• the surfactant used in step a) is preferably an ionic surfactant, more preferably a quaternary ammonium compound.
• This quaternary ammonium compound is advantageously a cetyltrimethyl ammonium halide, preferably cetyftrimethyiammonium bromide or cetyltrimethylammonium chloride more preferably cetyltrimethyiammonium bromide
• the recovery of the core-shell material of activated carbon surrounded by the shell of sol-gel material in step b) of the first embodiment can for example be carried out by separation, by any known means and in particular by centrifugation or filtration, of the mixture obtained during step a).
• the core-shell material is recovered by centrifugation in the first method.
• the removal of any residual surfactant present in the core-shell material in step c) can be carried out by any known means and in particular by washing, for example with hydrochloric acid and ethanol, preferably by a succession of washes with hydrochloric acid and ethanol.
• the recovery of the core-shell material of activated carbon surrounded by the shell of sol-gel material in step b) can for example be carried out by separation, by any known means and in particular by centrifugation or filtration, of the mixture obtained during step a).
• the core-shell material is recovered by centrifugation. Removal of the surfactant frees the pores from the material obtained in step b. after this elimination step, the hybrid core-shell material consisting of an activated carbon core surrounded by a shell of silica-based mesoporous sol-gel nanoparticles is thus obtained.
• This hybrid core-shell material is recovered in step d).
• This recovery can for example be carried out by separation, by any known means and in particular by centrifugation or filtration, of the mixture obtained during step a).
• the hybrid core-shell material is recovered by centrifugation.
• step a) of forming the mesoporous sol-gel silica shell comprises the preparation of a soil for mixing at least one organosilicate precursor in an aqueous solution containing an organic solvent followed by coating the activated carbon with this sol.
• a thin film of mesoporous sol-gel silica, preferably functionalized, is thus formed around the activated carbon particles.
• the soil is free of surfactant.
• the organic solvent is preferably a polar, protic or aprotic organic solvent. It can for example be chosen from linear aliphatic alcohols, C 1 to C 4, in particular methanol, ethanol and propan-ol. Preferably, the organic solvent is methanol.
• the volume proportion of the organic solvent relative to the volume of the soil can vary between 30 to 50%.
• the volume proportion of water to the volume of the soil can vary between 15 and 30%.
• the organosilated precursors and the activated carbon which can be used in this embodiment are those detailed above with respect to the process according to the invention in general.
• the at least one organosilicate precursor is chosen from tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS), phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTEOS), (2 ⁇ phenylethyi) triethoxysiiane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), -glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMOS), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) triethoxysilane (OPTES), N- (2-Aminoetbyl) -3- (trimethoxysilyl) propylamine (NH2-TMOS), N-
• TMOS tetramethoxysilane
• PhTMOS phenyltrimethoxysilane
• PhTEOS phenyltriethoxysilane
• APTES 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
• Trimethoxysiiylpropyl ethylenediarninetriacét.ate, acetoxyethyitrimethoxysilane (AETMS), urideopropyltriethoxysilane (UPTS), 3- (4-semicarbazidyl) propyltriethoxysilane (SCPTS) and their mixtures, more preferentially among tetriane-tetriane (APTES), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS), phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTEOS), acetoxyethyltrimethoxysilane (AETMS), (3-glycidyfoxypropyl) triethoxysilane (OPTES) and 3- (4-semicarbazidyl) propyltriethox.
• APTES tetriane-tetriane
• PhTMOS phenyltrimethoxysilane
• TMOS tetramethoxysilane
• APTES 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
• PhTMOS phenyltrimethoxysilane
• PhTEOS phenyltriethoxysilane
• AETMS acetoxyethyltrimethoxysilane
• OPTES octoxypropyl triethoxysilane
• SCPTS 3- (4-semicarbazidyl) propyltriethoxysilane
• the molar proportions of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) / other organosilicate precursor (s) can be varied between 100/0 and 50/50, preferably between 100/0 and 75/25, more preferably between 97/3 and 75/25.
• the activated carbon is in the form of particles, in particular granules or sticks, of millimeter size and the coating is carried out by soaking them in the self and then removing the soil or pouring the soil over the particles through a sieve.
• the core-shell particles thus obtained are advantageously dried, for example in an oven, to remove residual solvents.
• sticks of activated carbon will be used, in particular of millimeter size.
• Particular preference will be given to the casting method to form a thin film of functionalized sol-gel material around the activated carbon core. This rapid process is easily transposable on an industrial scale and is well suited to activated carbon in granules or sticks.
• the activated carbon is in the form of powder and the coating is carried out by adding activated carbon powder to the soil, then the mixture obtained is poured into molds.
• the molds thus filled are advantageously dried under an inert gas flow to remove the residual solvents before demoulding the blocks of core-shell material. This process can easily be transposed to an industrial scale.
• the silica shell preferably functionalized, surrounding the activated carbon core, in the form of nanoparticles or a thin film, must have a small thickness and a mesoporosity to allow the pollutants to diffuse quickly in the porous network and reach the silica-activated carbon interface It is at this interface of the hybrid compound that a “mixed” environment favors the trapping of polar molecules that only the activated carbon or the silica hardly or not trap at all alone.
• Another object of the invention is a hybrid core-shell material consisting of an activated carbon core surrounded by a mesoporous sol-gel silica shell.
• the hybrid core-shell material is obtained by the coating method according to the invention described above.
• the hybrid core-shell material according to the invention is in particular characterized in that it contains an activated carbon core, in particular of micrometric size, preferably with a large specific adsorption surface, in particular of 800 to 1500 nrVg, the surface of which is covered with a shell formed of mesoporous sol-gel silica. This shell is thin. Its mesoporosity allows pollutants to diffuse rapidly in the porous network and reach the silica-activated carbon interface.
• the ratio (Mass of silica / Mass of activated carbon) determined by Differential Thermal Analysis (ATG) preferably varies between 0.05 and 6, preferably between 0.05 and 2 and more preferably between 0.05 and 0.2 .
• the shell of the hybrid core-shell material according to the invention consists of nanoparticles of mesoporous sol-gel silica. These nanoparticles are advantageously spherical in shape, in particular having a diameter of 20 to 400 nm and preferably between 50 and 100 nm.
• the size of the silica nanoparticles can be determined by transmission electron microscopy.
• the ratio (mass of silica / mass of activated carbon) determined by differential thermal analysis (ATG) preferably varies between 0.05 and 0.2.
• the hybrid shell-core material of this embodiment can be prepared according to the first embodiment of the method of the invention described above.
• the shell of the hybrid core-shell material according to the invention consists of a thin film of mesoporous sol-gel silica.
• the hybrid shell core material of this embodiment can be prepared according to the second embodiment of the method of the invention described above.
• the ratio (mass of silica / mass of activated carbon) determined by differential thermal analysis (ATG) preferably varies between 0.05 and 0.2. However, in the case of hybrid materials synthesized - by mixing activated carbon with a soil, this ratio is higher and varies between -4 and 6, but could be reduced to lower values for better efficiency ⁇
• the materials according to the invention find a particular application in the field of air filtration and in particular in the field of food cooking appliances.
• the invention also relates to an air filtering system comprising the core-shell material as described above.
• the invention also relates to an anti-odor cover.
• the anti-odor cover of the invention is useful for containers allowing odors and / or volatile organic compounds to escape.
• the anti-odor cover of the invention is useful for chemical treatment tanks, such as for example fabric and / or leather treatment tanks, or paint tanks. According to one embodiment, the anti-odor cover of the invention is useful for partially or totally trapping corrosive, irritant and / or toxic products.
• the anti-odor cover of the invention is particularly suitable for cooking appliances, whether or not comprising a tank intended to contain a cooking bath such as an oil bath.
• the container can be an enclosure or a food preparation tank. According to one embodiment, the container relates to any household or professional cooking appliance.
• the anti-odor cover 100 has a ton suitable for closing a cooking appliance such as, for example, a pan, a frying pan, a pressure cooker, an oil bath, or a fryer .
• the anti-odor cover 100 has a square, rectangular, round or ovoid ton.
• the anti-odor cover 100 comprises or consists of a material resistant to food cooking temperatures, preferably resistant to frying temperatures. According to one embodiment, the anti-odor cover 100 comprises or consists of metal, glass and / or polymer. According to one embodiment, the anti-odor cover 100 comprises an upper wall 110 and a lower wall 120, said lower wall 120 being directed towards the interior of the cooking appliance on which the anti-odor cover 100 is disposed.
• the anti-odor cover 100 comprises a filtering material 200 including core-shell particles comprising or consisting of an activated carbon core surrounded by a shell of sol-gel silica, preferably mesoporous.
• the filtering material of the invention makes it possible to trap cooking odors, and in particular makes it possible to trap small polar molecules resulting from the decomposition of superheated oil (frying and others) such as for example, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde , methyl and ethyl ketones, acetic acid, acrolein or acrylamide.
• the upper wall 110 comprises a means for gripping the anti-odor cover such as for example a button, a handle or a handle.
• the upper wall 110 comprises an opening or a means for viewing the interior of the cooking appliance on which the anti-odor cover is disposed.
• the means for viewing the interior of the cooking appliance on which the anti-odor cover is arranged is a porthole.
• the upper and lower walls of the odor cover are transparent.
• the anti-odor cover 100 comprises a seal such as for example an annular seal, on the part intended to be brought into contact with the cooking appliance.
• a seal such as for example an annular seal, on the part intended to be brought into contact with the cooking appliance.
• the seal makes it possible to improve the tightness of the system formed by the cover disposed on the cooking appliance, and to avoid and / or limit the escape of cooking vapors, in particular cooking odors.
• the anti-odor cover 100 further comprises a system for fixing and / or anchoring to the food cooking appliance 5.
• the lower wall 120 comprises a housing 121 capable of receiving the filter material of the invention 200 or a filtration system comprising said filter material 200, such as for example a filter cartridge.
• the filter cartridge comprises a flame-retardant fabric in order to prevent the particles of the invention from falling into the cooking appliance.
• this configuration makes it possible to trap cooking odors when the cover is used on a cooking appliance in operation.
• the housing 121 is arranged between the upper wall 110 and the lower wall 120.
• the housing 121 comprises the filtering material 200 on the side of the lower wall 120 and comprises at least one exhaust opening 111 of the side of the upper wall 110, in order to allow the passage of a flow of vapor through the odor-preventing cover 100.
• the invention also relates to a food cooking appliance 300 comprising a filtering material as described above.
• the food cooking appliance 300 is a cooking appliance comprising a tank designed to contain a cooking bath such as an oil bath.
• the food cooking appliance 300 is a pan, a frying pan, a pressure cooker, an oil bath, or a fryer. According to one embodiment, the food cooking appliance 300 has a square, rectangular, round or ovoid shape. According to one embodiment, the food cooking appliance 300 is an electric fryer, with oil or without oil with pulsed hot air. According to one embodiment, the food cooking appliance 300 is not an electric fryer. According to one embodiment, the food cooking appliance 300 is a traditional fryer composed of an oil bath and a basket. According to one embodiment, the fryer does not include an oil bath. According to one embodiment, the fryer does not include a basket.
• the food cooking appliance 300 comprises or consists of a material resistant to food cooking temperatures, preferably resistant to frying temperatures. According to one embodiment, the food cooking appliance 300 comprises or consists of metal, glass and / or polymer.
• the invention also relates to any container allowing odors and / or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to escape, comprising a filtering material as described above.
• VOCs volatile organic compounds
• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the synthesis of core / shell materials.
• Figure 2 (A) is a MET image of the hybrid core-shell material of Example 1.
• Figure 3 is a MET image of activated carbon W35. Magnification on the surface.
• Figure 4 (A) is a MET image of the hybrid core-shell material of Example 2. (B) is a MET image of the hybrid core-shell material of Example 2. Magnification on the surface.
• Figure 5 are TEM images of the hybrid core-shell materials of complement example 2 with different proportions of NH2-TMOS: (A) 10 pL, (B) enlargement of the material prepared with 10 pL, (C) 20 pL, (D) 50 pL, (E) 100 pL, (F) 200 pL.
• Figure 6 is a MET image of the hybrid core-shell material of Example 3.
• Figure 7 is a TEM image of the hybrid core-shell material of Example 4.
• Figure 8 is a TEM image of the hybrid core-shell material of Example 5.
• Figure 9 is a MET image of a CA stick (Darco-KGB) coated with hybrid sol-gel of Example 6.
• Figure 11 is an infrared spectrum of the hybrid material of Example 2 compared to activated carbon alone.
• Figure 12 is an infrared spectrum of the hybrid material of Example 3 compared to activated carbon alone.
• Figure 13 is an infrared spectrum of the hybrid material of Example 4 compared to activated carbon alone.
• Figure 14 is a differential thermal analysis of the product of Example 6. The sample is heated from 40 ° C to 1500 ° C at the rate of 50 ° C / min. The successive slope variations indicate the successive mass losses of the residual water, of the aminopropyl chains of the functionalized material, of activated carbon lastly the silica.
• Figure 15 shows an example application for an air filter. Adsorption of toluene by the silica particles alone as a function of time.
• Figure 16 shows an example of an air filter application. Adsorption of toluene by activated carbon W35 as a function of time.
• Figure 17 presents an example application for an air filter. Adsorption of toluene by Example 4 as a function of time.
• Figure 18 shows an example of an air filter application. Superimposition of the graphs of activated carbon W35 alone, of the silica nanoparticles alone of S1O2 and of Example 4, as a function of time.
• Figure 19 is a thermogravimetric analysis of the material of Example 22.
• Figure 20 is a schematic representation of the device used for establishing drilling curves.
• FIG. 21 is a comparison of the adsorption capacities of the various powder filters (50 mg, material of Example 18, the activated carbon W35 and of the silica sol-gel SiOa-NHa corresponding to the silica sol-gel of the material of Example 18) exposed to a gas flow of 300 ml / min containing 25 ppm of hexaldehyde.
• Figure 22 is a comparison of the adsorption capacities of the various rod filters (Ig, material of Example 18 and 18p, sol-gel silica S1O2-NH2 corresponding to the sol-gel silica of the material of Example 18) exposed at a gas flow of 300 mL / min containing 25 ppm of hexaldehyde.
• Figure 23 is a comparison of G adsorption efficiency of hexaidehyde by two materials carrying amine functions and differentiating by amine groups with different proportions of APTES.
• Figure 24 is a comparison of the adsorption efficiency of hexaidehyde by hybrid materials functionalized by amine groups with different proportions of A PT E S.
• Figure 25 is a comparison of the adsorption efficiency of hexaldebyde by hybrid materials functionalized by primary amine groups of APTES and by primary / secondary amine groups (NH2-TMOS).
• Figure 26 shows the trapping efficiency of various pollutants (E-2-heptenal, acetone acetaldehyde) with example 18p.
• Figure 27 is a schematic representation of the experimental device for the detection of total VOCs generated by cooking oil.
• Figure 28 is a comparison of the trapping efficiency of total VOCs during cooking of oil by various filters.
• FIG. 29 is a comparison of the efficiency of trapping total VOCs during cooking of oil by various filters differentiating by the nature of the activated carbon (example 18p and 24p) or by the functionalization of the silicate (examples 18p and 22p).
• Figure 30 is a representation of a first embodiment of a lOOia odor cover
• Figure 30A is a top view of the odor cover 100 comprising an upper wall 110 on which are arranged a porthole 112 and a housing 121 comprising several exhaust openings 111.
• FIG. 30B is a view from below of an anti-odor cover 100 comprising a bottom wall 120 on which are arranged a porthole 112 and a housing 121 comprising the filtering material 200.
• Figure 31 is a representation of a second embodiment of an anti-odor cover 100
• Figure 31A is a top view of the anti-odor cover 100 comprising a top wall 110 on which is arranged a porthole 112.
• Figure 31B is a bottom view of an odor cover 100 comprising a bottom wall 120 on which are arranged a porthole 112 and a housing 121 comprising the filtering material
• SOFRALAB
• SOFRALAB Activ
• SOFRALAB
• the surfactant is removed by a succession of washing with hydrochloric acid and with ethanol before being stored in the latter. Before use, the materials are recovered by centrifugation (12,000 rpm for 12 min) then dried in an oven at 60 ° C for 2 h.
• Examples 7A and 7B Synthesis of active carbon sticks coated with functionalized silica with amine groups
• Example 10 Synthesis of Hybrid Materials by Mixing Activated Charcoals with a Sol of Precursors of Silicon One of Which is Functionalized with Glycidylloxy Groups
• Example 12 Synthesis of Hybrid Materials by Mixing Activated Charcoals with Sol Sol Precursors of which Pun is Functionalized with Amide and Amine Groups
• Reagents Activated carbon powder Darco KG-B (Sigma-Aldricb), Tetramethyl orthosilicate (TMOS, purity 99%.
• ultra-pure deionized water 28% aqueous ammonia solution.
• the activated carbon is in this case in powder form, Activated Carbon W35 (SOFRALAB) (0.7507 g). jl
• TMOS T etramethylortho silicate
• TMGS Tetramethylorthosilicate
• the activated carbon is in this case_ in powder form, Activated Carbon W35 (SOFRALAB) (0.5159 g).
• the materials prepared in Examples 1 to 5 were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
• MET grids are prepared as follows: img of materials is suspended in InxL of ethanol and then vortexed for a few seconds. 10 mE of solution are placed on a grid and the grid is left to dry in the open air for a few minutes before use.
• the MET images of the activated carbon W35 ( Figure 3) and of the various materials synthesized in Examples 1 to 5 show that the activated carbon is completely covered with the sol-gel material, thus highlighting the obtaining of a hybrid material core-shell consisting of an activated carbon core surrounded by a sol-gel material ( Figures 2A, 2B, 4A, 4B, 5, 6, 7 and K).
• MET images of activated carbon encapsulated in different functionalized sol-gel silicas show that the addition of a silica co-precursor allows the adhesion of silica nanoparticles around the materials in addition to their covering by the latter.
• Scanning Electron Microscopy is a powerful technique for observing the topography of surfaces. It is based mainly on the detection of secondary electrons emerging from the surface under the impact of a very fine brush of primary electrons which scans the observed surface and makes it possible to obtain images with a separating power often less than 5 nm and a great depth of field.
• the instrument makes it possible to form an almost parallel, very fine brush (up to a few nanometers), of electrons strongly accelerated by adjustable voltages from 0.1 to 30 keY, to focus it on the area to be examined and to sweep it gradually.
• Appropriate detectors make it possible to collect significant signals when scanning the surface and to form various significant images thereof.
• the images of the samples were taken with the SEM "Ultra 55" from Zeiss. Conventionally, the samples are observed directly without any particular deposit (metal, carbon).
• Figure 9 shows SEM images of an activated carbon stick covered with a thin film of sol-gel material and successive enlargements of the surface showing the cracks in the silicate layer.
• Fourrer Transform InfraRed spectroseopy is an analytical technique useful for determining, identifying or confirming the structure of known and unknown products.
• An infrared spectrum makes it possible to easily highlight the presence of certain functional groups, and can serve as a “spectroscopic identity card” for a molecule or a material.
• the ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) module is installed on the IR spectrometer ( Figure 10). The principle consists in bringing a crystal (ZnSe or diamond) into contact with the sample to be analyzed.
• the IR beam propagates in the crystal; if the refractive index of the crystal is higher than that of the sample, then the beam undergoes total reflections beyond a certain angle of incidence at the sample / crystal interface with the exception of a wave , called evanescent wave which emerges from the crystal and is absorbed by the sample. It is this evanescent wave which is responsible for the IR spectrum observed.
• the penetration depth is of the order of 1 to 2 micrometers, which therefore provides surface information. This is particularly interesting for the analysis of pure samples (without dilution in a KBr matrix) since the risk of seeing the peaks saturate is very low. In addition, at low energies, the resolution is generally better than for a “classic” spectrum in transmission.
• the IR spectra were performed with the FTIR-ATR "Alpha-P" module from Bruker.
• the infrared spectra of the various materials synthesized in Examples 1 to 4 clearly show the presence of silica in the materials by the peak at 1050-1100 cm 1 corresponding to the vibrations of elongation of the Si-0 bonds ( Figures 10-13).
• Thermogravimetric analysis consists of placing a sample in an oven under a controlled atmosphere and measuring mass variations as a function of the temperature. The gradual increase in temperature, or temperature ramp, induces the evaporation of the solvents and the proper degradation of each of the organic constituents of the sample. The reduction in mass corresponding to these losses makes it possible to quantify the proportions of each constituent in the material.
• a Setaram type TGA - 92-1750 type device is used for a double measurement of each sample. The protocol is as follows: approximately 10 mg of monolith are finely ground, weighed and placed in the balance of the apparatus. The whole is placed in the oven and placed under a flow of synthetic air of 1 10 mL.min-l of quality F. LD. The oven initially at 40 ° C is heated to 1500 ° C with a ramp of 50 ° C. min-l. After 10 minutes at 1500 ° C, the temperature is reduced to ambient at a speed of -90 ° C. min 1 .
• FIG. 14 shows the ATG of Example 6. From the losses of material at different temperatures (H2O, Aminopropyl chains, CA), it is possible to deduce the mass of the CA and of the silicate whose proportions are 85, 4 and 14.6% respectively for turnover and functionalized silica.
• Figure 19 shows the ATG of the material of Example 22.
• Example 4 An example of use of Example 4 is shown for the retention of toluene.
• a drilling curve for the material was made ( Figure 15).
• a 10 mL syringe, fitted with 2 tips, is filled with 100 mg of Example 4, then is exposed to a flow of 350 mL / min of a gas mixture (N2 + toluene) containing 1 ppm. (3.77 mg / m3) of toluene.
• the toluene content upstream of the syringe is measured and that of ava1 is followed over time.
• the measurement of the toluene content is carried out with a PID detector, ppbRAE
• the piercing curve shown below, indicates that the nanoparticles alone retain very little toluene. Indeed, traces of the latter are observed from the first minutes of the experiment and the concentration of toluene bases is found at the outlet of syringes after 19b.
• the device used for establishing the drilling curve is shown in Figure 20.
• the generation of calibrated gas mixture is obtained by scanning the vapor phase of pure hexanal 1 contained in a washing bottle 1 maintained at -40 ° € using an ethanolic bath 2. At this temperature, the gas mixture contains 25 ppm of hexaldehyde (102 mg / nf)
• a filter 3 consisting of a 6 L syringe fitted with 2 tips filled with 50 mg of the material to be tested is exposed to the flow of gas mixture.
• NORIT W35 activated carbon being in the form of micrometric powder, the functionalized silicate matrices and the hybrid materials were also ground into micrometric powder.
• the content of hexaldehyde upstream of the syringe is measured and that downstream is monitored over time. The measurement of the hexaldehyde content is carried out with a PID detector, ppbRAE 4.
• silica material functionalized with amine groups shows a low efficiency quite similar to that of activated carbon over long periods ( Figure 21).
• the hybrid material functionalized with amine groups (Example 18), which combines the adsorption capacity of activated carbon and the irreversible adsorption capacity of functionalized silica, is the most effective.
• the effect of the shape of materials on the trapping capacity of hexaldehyde is studied.
• the materials are in the form of cylindrical rods.
• the adsorption capacity of the materials was determined for hexaldehyde with the device of fig. 20.
• a 6 mL syringe, fitted with 2 tips, is filled with 1 g of material and then exposed to a flow of 300 mL / min of a gas mixture (N2 + h exaldehyde) containing 25 ppm (102 mg / m3) of bexaldehyde.
• the content of hexaldehyde upstream of the syringe is measured and that downstream is monitored over time.
• silica material alone functionalized with amine groups has a much less efficient adsorption than activated carbon alone and hybrid materials (Figure 22).
• Examples 18 and 18p show a more efficient adsorption of hexaldehyde than NORIT RBBAA-3 activated carbon even if the granules of activated carbon are smaller. From this study, it appears that the size of the materials influences the trapping of pollutant. The smaller the size of the sticks, the denser the filter will be, with an increase in the tortuosity of the path of the gas flow which promotes the trapping of the pollutant.
• the effect of a decrease in the proportion of activated carbon has been studied for the filter comprising 5% of APTES.
• the adsorption capacity of the materials was determined from their exposure to a calibrated flow of hexaldehyde.
• a 6 mL syringe, fitted with 2 tips, is filled with 1 g of stick material, then is exposed to a flow of 300 mL / min of a gaseous mixture (N2 + hexaldehyde) containing 25 ppm (102 mg / nf) of hexaldehyde.
• the content of hexaldehyde upstream of the syringe is measured and that downstream is monitored over time.
• the measurement of the hexaldehyde content is carried out with a PIB detector, ppbRAE.
• the upstream ([Hexaldehyde] - ⁇ hexaldehyde ⁇ downstream) * 100 / [upstream hexaldehyde] ratio allows the quantity trapped by the material to be deduced (Figure 23).
• APTES primary amine groups
• the measurement of the hexaldehyde content is carried out with a PIB detector, ppbRAE.
• the upstream ratio ( ⁇ H ex aldehyde ]— [hexaldehyde ⁇ avai) * 100 / [hexaldehydejamont makes it possible to deduce the quantity trapped by the material (Figure 24).
• the percentage of silica precursor functionalized by amine groups has an impact on the adsorption capacity.
• the results indicate that the more the proportion of the amino groups increases the more the trapping capacity of the hexanal decreases. This phenomenon is probably due to the increase in the intrinsic basicity of the material which disadvantages the reaction between the amines and Fhexanaf. Indeed, the reaction between amines and aldehydes is favored in an acid medium.
• the optimized percentage of silica precursor functionalized with amine groups is 5% for the trapping of an aldehyde.
• Application example 6 Adsorption of hexaldehyde by hybrid materials functionalized with primary amine groups (APTES) and with
• the effect of the nature of amino precursor was studied for the filter comprising 5% of APTES and 5% of TMPED.
• the adsorption capacity of the materials was determined from their exposure to a calibrated flow of hexaldehyde.
• a 6 mL syringe, fitted with 2 tips, is filled with lg of material and then is exposed to a flow of 300 mL / min of a gaseous mixture (N2 + hexaldehyde) containing 25 ppm (102 mg / nr) of hexaldehyde.
• the content of hexaldehyde upstream of the syringe is measured and that downstream is monitored over time.
• the measurement of the hexaldehyde content is carried out with a PIB detector, ppbRAE.
• the ratio ([hexaldehydejamont- [hexaldehyde] avar) * 100 / [hexaldehyde] upstream makes it possible to deduce the quantity trapped by the material (Figure 25).
• Example 18 has a more efficient adsorption capacity than Example 22 because the intrinsic basicity of the matrix of Example 18 is less important.
• Application example 7 Adsorption of acetaldehyde, acetone and E-2-heptenal by the functional hybrid material with amine groups (Example 18)
• example 18p An example of use of example 18p is shown for the retention of acetaldehyde, acetone and GE-2-heptenaL
• the adsorption capacity of the materials was determined from their exposure to a calibrated flux. of a pollutant
• a 6 mL syringe, fitted with 2 tips is filled with Ig of granules from Example 18p, then is exposed to a flow of 300 mL / min of a gaseous mixture (N2 + hex aldehyde) containing 20 ppm E-2-heptcnal, i.e. 75 ppm acetone or 3 ppm acetaldehyde.
• the pollaunt content upstream of the syringe is measured and that downstream is monitored over time.
• the measurement of the hexaldehyde content is carried out with a PIB detector, ppbRAE.
• the ratio ([pollutant] upstream- [pollutant] downstream) * 100 / [pollutant] upstream makes it possible to deduce the quantity trapped by the material (Figure 26).
• the material of example 18p traps P eptenal very well, but slightly less acetone and acetaldehyde which are small. The trapping rates of acetone and acetaldehyde still remain high after 5 hours of exposure (> 80%).
• Application example 8 Test to trap total VOCs from 1 ’(oxidation of P oil by different filters (frying odors)
• Oxidation leads to the formation, at first, of very unstable primary products (hydroperoxides, free radicals, conjugated dienes) and rapidly broken down into secondary products (aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids, etc.).
• the device used for cooking oil and recovering total volatile organic compounds is shown schematically in Figure 27. It is a pressure cooker 11 operating on an induction hob 12 with a tight cover comprising an air inlet 13 and a central opening 14 of 1 1 cm in diameter on which rests a funnel 15 of 15 cm in diameter.
• the air inlet allows sweeping to 500 mL / min the headspace in order to recover the VOCs for measurement.
• the VOCs are collected using the funnel and the gas mixture is diluted with dry air (1 L / min) before being drawn into a three-necked flask 16 of 500 ml.
• the gas mixture is drawn out at 1.5 ml / min using a peristaltic pump 17 in order to homogenize the atmosphere in the flask.
• VOCs The measurement of VOCs is carried out with a photoionization detector (P1D) 18 whose head is held in the flask.
• P1D photoionization detector
• 2 liters of sunflower oil for frying were continuously heated to! 80 ° C for 4h.
• the filter compartment 19 is filled with 30 g of material (example 18 p or NORIT RBAA-3 active carbon) or with a commercial filter (foam impregnated with active carbon, Ref .: SEB-SS984689).
• the content of total VOCs downstream of the filter is monitored over time using the PID detector, ppbRAE
• Figure 28 shows the comparative performance of the various filters during oil cooking.
• the commercial filter retains very little total VOCs.
• the adsorption of total VOCs by NORIT RBAA-3 activated carbon is also less effective than the hydride composite material even if these two materials exhibit similar adsorption in the case of the study of the monopollutant adoption.
• Application example 9 Tests for trapping total VOCs from the oxidation of oil by functionalized hybrid materials (example 18p and 24p) differentiating by the nature of activated carbon or by the functionalization of the matrix (examples 18p and 22p)
• Figure 29 shows the comparative performance of the various filters during oil cooking.
• 2 liters of sunflower oil for frying were continuously heated for 4 hours at 180 ° C.
• the filter compartment is filled with 30g of material (examples 18p, 22p and 24p).
• the device shown in Figure 27 is used for the collection of total VOCs downstream of the various filters.
• Fryer cover Fryers are food cooking devices which generate unpleasant frying odors during operation.
• the Applicant has developed an anti-odor cover making it possible to limit and / or avoid the escape of odors from deep-frying frying.
• Two embodiments are presented in Figures 3QA & 30B, and 31A & 31 B.
• the Applicant has integrated one of the materials of the invention comprising core-shell particles with an activated carbon core coated with a layer of silica sol-gel, functionalized or not, in a filter cartridge.
• the latter is arranged in the housing 121 of the lower wall 12 of the cover 1 so that during cooking, the frying vapors are trapped in the core-shell nanoparticles of G invention.

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