EP3794165A1 - Cellule électrolytique munie d'éléments de retenue élastiques - Google Patents

Cellule électrolytique munie d'éléments de retenue élastiques

Info

Publication number
EP3794165A1
EP3794165A1 EP19734703.2A EP19734703A EP3794165A1 EP 3794165 A1 EP3794165 A1 EP 3794165A1 EP 19734703 A EP19734703 A EP 19734703A EP 3794165 A1 EP3794165 A1 EP 3794165A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
anode
electrolysis cell
electrolytic cell
holding elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19734703.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3794165B1 (fr
Inventor
Sebastian Austenfeld
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Nucera AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Uhde Chlorine Engineers GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Uhde Chlorine Engineers GmbH filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Uhde Chlorine Engineers GmbH
Priority to PL19734703T priority Critical patent/PL3794165T3/pl
Publication of EP3794165A1 publication Critical patent/EP3794165A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3794165B1 publication Critical patent/EP3794165B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
    • C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
    • C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
    • C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
    • C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/63—Holders for electrodes; Positioning of the electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C25B9/75—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having bipolar electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
    • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
    • C25B9/77—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having diaphragms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrolytic cell comprising an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, which are separated from one another by an ion exchange membrane, the electrolytic cell further comprising an anode, a gas diffusion electrode and a cathodic current distributor, with the anode, ion exchange membrane, gas diffusion electrode and cathodic current distributor in the order mentioned are in direct contact with one another and resilient holding elements are arranged beyond the anode and / or beyond the cathodic current distributor, which exert a contact pressure on the anode and / or on the cathodic current distributor.
  • the present invention relates in particular to electrolysis cells in electrolyzers which operate according to ODC technology with an oxygen consumable cathode.
  • the desired main product chlorine is formed at the anode according to the following equation:
  • Hydrogen is produced on the cathode as a by-product according to:
  • the present invention relates in particular to electrolysis cells for hydrochloric acid electrolysis with an oxygen consumable cathode, referred to in the English-speaking world as “Oxygen Depolarized Cathode” (abbreviated “ODC”), according to the equation given above.
  • ODC Oxygen Depolarized Cathode
  • electrolyzers with a defined gap between the anode electrode and the membrane resting on the oxygen-consuming cathode due to process pressure have generally been used so far. Since the internal components of the cell were all made rigid, their tolerance was designed for a resulting gap in order to avoid excessive compression.
  • the primary expectation is that the elements can be operated with the same current density and a lower operating voltage.
  • the operating voltage of the cells is expected to rise less than in the conventional design, since the influence of the conductivity of the medium plays a smaller role in the zero-gap configuration.
  • an electrolysis cell for the electrochemical production of chlorine in which an anode, a cation exchange membrane, a gas diffusion electrode and a current collector are held together so elastically that there is no distance between the individual components.
  • the elastic cohesion is achieved by an elastic fastening of the current collector to the cathode frame or the anode to the anode frame.
  • Holding elements are used which are designed as spring elements and extend, for example, in the cathode space between a rear wall and the current collector.
  • Spiral springs are used, which on the one hand are attached at one end to the rear wall via Z-profiles and on the other hand exert a pressing force on the current collector in their axial direction at their other end.
  • These coil springs extend with their axial direction in the transverse direction of the electrolytic cell, that is to say perpendicular to the plane of the electrodes.
  • US 2009/0050472 A1 describes an electrolytic cell with an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, which are separated from one another by an ion exchange membrane, the electrolytic cell also having a gas diffusion electrode.
  • the arrangement of the individual components in the electrolysis cell is such that the anode is followed by the ion exchange membrane, then a percolator, then the cathode, an elastic current collector and the cathode rear wall.
  • the electrolysis cell is a chlor-alkali cell with an oxygen consumable cathode.
  • the elastic current collector used here consists of a kind of mat made of nickel.
  • a current collector with resiliently resilient tongues can be used in a comb-like arrangement or with projecting resilient plates which are fastened on one side and press on the cathode or on the anode and press them onto the ion exchange membrane.
  • DE 10 2007 042 171 A1 describes an electrolysis cell in which pneumatic pressure mechanisms are provided on the anode side, which are formed from pneumatically inflatable pressure tubes. These pressure hoses are connected to a pneumatic system and are inflated to the extent necessary for pressure. The pressure hoses are made of silicone rubber and are therefore not electrically conductive. The contact pressure is generated by means of an auxiliary medium under pressure. Such pressure hoses do not consist of a material which is at least partially plastically deformable by the contact pressure.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an electrolysis cell with the features of the type mentioned at the beginning, in which an effective mechanical pressing of the ion exchange membrane onto the oxygen consumable cathode is ensured in order to produce a zero-gap configuration ,
  • An electrolysis cell of the type mentioned at the outset provides the solution to the above object.
  • the resilient holding elements comprise ring elements or at least one tubular section, the axis of which is aligned in the vertical direction or in the longitudinal direction of the electrolytic cell.
  • the solution according to the invention thus differs significantly from the prior art cited above, since in the prior art resilient retaining elements are used which are designed similarly to spiral springs and which are arranged in the electrolysis cell in such a way that their axis extends in the transverse direction of the electrolysis cell.
  • the holding elements in particular their ring elements or tubular sections in the electrolytic cell, in addition to elastic deformation, at least partially undergo plastic deformation and are designed to be elastoplastic and resilient.
  • plastic deformation is caused by the contact pressure, since the ring elements or tubular sections in the electrolysis cell are subjected to compression in the radial direction.
  • the plastic deformation mentioned above is a permanent deformation, for example a radial compression of the ring elements by radial action.
  • spiral spring-like elements are used which, although deforming temporarily under compression pressure, deform again due to the elasticity as the compressive force decreases and thus return to their original shape.
  • the extent of the electrolytic cell in the three mutually perpendicular spatial directions is defined in the present application in such a way that the direction is usually parallel to the flat electrodes and the flat membrane is referred to as the longitudinal direction.
  • the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, also parallel to the extension of the flat electrodes, in the electrolytic cell from the lower end to the upper end is referred to as the height direction.
  • the direction transverse to the electrodes, that is to say in the direction of the surface normal to the electrodes and to the membrane and thus transverse to the longitudinal direction and height direction, is referred to as the transverse direction.
  • the electrolysis cells according to the invention can thus have, for example, an approximately cuboid basic shape, the extent of the electrolysis cell in the transverse direction defined above generally being less than the extent in the longitudinal direction.
  • a plurality of electrolysis cells are preferably arranged side by side or one behind the other in such a way that the cathode chamber of the one cell is always followed by the anode chamber of the next electrolysis cell in the series circuit, between the cathode chamber of the first electrolytic cell and the anode chamber the next adjacent electrolytic cell is arranged the ion exchange membrane.
  • a preferred development of the task solution according to the invention provides that the ring elements or the tubular section of the resilient holding elements are arranged between the anode and the cathodic current distributor in such a way that they are subjected to compression in the radial direction.
  • the radial direction of the ring elements corresponds in the solution according to the invention to the transverse direction of the electrolysis cell, that is to say the direction in which the pressure on the ion exchange membrane is applied to the
  • the ring element or the tubular section is therefore flexible in its radial direction. The pressing of the flat
  • Membrane / electrode structure is produced by compressing the ring elements or tubular sections in their radial direction, the electrode being displaced in the direction of the rear wall of the chamber without simultaneous lateral displacement, since the latter would result in the risk of membrane damage.
  • the resilient holding elements in the electrolytic cell in the anode chamber and / or in the cathode chamber such that their axis does not extend in the vertical direction but in the longitudinal direction of the electrolytic cell.
  • the preferably elastically resilient holding elements would be subjected to compression in the radial direction.
  • the ring elements or the tubular section of the holding elements in the electrolysis cell can be at least partially also plastically deformed by the pressure in addition to an elastic deformation Experienced.
  • plastic deformation is understood to mean permanent deformation of a material in which the stress acting in the material exceeds the yield strength or 0.2% proof stress of the material.
  • the holding elements according to the present invention show an elastoplastic behavior in this case. Therefore, the present application also speaks of elastoplastic holding elements and elastoplastic ring elements.
  • the ring elements or the tubular sections achieve the pressing of the flat membrane / electrode structure by means of an elastoplastic spring deflection in its radial direction.
  • Overpressure of the membrane is effectively prevented by the at least partially plastic deformation of the ring element or tubular section.
  • the ring element or the tubular section can only exert a certain maximum limiting force, since a permanent deformation occurs before this limiting force is exceeded.
  • the resilient retaining elements comprise ring elements or at least one tubular section which, in addition to elastic deformation, undergo at least partially plastic deformation in the electrolytic cell and are designed to be elastoplastic and resilient.
  • the elastoplastic, resilient holding elements can have, for example, a plurality of ring elements which are each arranged parallel to and at a distance from one another and connected to one another.
  • ring elements For example, for connecting the ring elements to one another, webs can be used which extend in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the ring elements. Such webs enable better processing of the holding elements during assembly of the electrolytic cell, since the flexible holding elements can then be welded to the rear wall of the anode chamber or cathode chamber and / or the anode or the cathode without interruption, for example by means of a laser. Otherwise, additional device effort would be required.
  • the annular structure of the holding elements according to the invention has the further advantage that it enables the installation of accessories of the electrolytic cell, such as drain pipes, in the annular space created by the annular element, for example approximately concentrically in the middle thereof.
  • the ring elements have an ovalized cross section that deviates from the circular shape.
  • the ring elements have a cross-section that deviates from the circular shape and is flattened in two regions lying on the circumference.
  • Such a symmetrical cross section ensures displacement of the electrode (anode or cathode) only in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the electrode, that is to say in the transverse direction of the electrolytic cell.
  • oval or large radius shape also ensures an even deformation.
  • other plastic shapes such as a diamond shape in the tips would result in large plasticizations of the material. This would promote crack formation and mechanical straightening of the structure could then lead to damage to the spring structure.
  • a preferred development of the invention provides that the resilient holding elements are welded to at least one adjacent component of the electrolytic cell, in particular to the anode and / or to a rear wall of the electrolytic cell.
  • the welding creates the contact between the flexible holding element to the rear wall of the chamber and the electrode (in particular the anode), which ensures an optimal low-loss current transfer.
  • the flattened cross-section of the ring elements on both sides lying opposite on the circumference improves this contact, since the contact surface is enlarged.
  • the welding can be carried out, for example, by means of a laser weld seam running in the vertical direction of the holding element (height direction of the electrolysis cell).
  • An alternative embodiment of the invention relates to holding elements with one or more tubular sections.
  • these holding elements which are tubular at least in sections, can be polygonal, for example.
  • a diamond shape is particularly advantageous in order to ensure a lower material requirement.
  • the cross-section of the polygon is also preferably symmetrical or double-symmetrical in order to obtain a deformation perpendicular to the membrane surface.
  • the holding elements are preferably arranged in one of the chambers of the electrolytic cell in such a way that one of the diagonals of the diamond shape extends approximately in the direction of the surface normal to the flat arrangement of electrodes.
  • openings are provided in the tubular sections, which can be arranged in rows, for example, and / or which are arranged for example, extend parallel to the axis of the tubular sections.
  • these openings can be approximately slot-like.
  • the material from which the tubular sections are made is weakened by the perforations, and the plastic deformability of the holding elements is thus increased.
  • the holding elements according to the invention can be used both on the anode side and on the cathode side of the electrolysis cell.
  • the use on the anode side is particularly advantageous because of the usual differential pressures and the better cooling of the structure.
  • a somewhat increased electrical resistance leads to heat development and this heat can be dissipated by medium cooling on the anode side.
  • Due to the intended outlet size the overall height of the anode chamber is greater than that of the cathode chamber. As a result, a greater radial expansion of the elastic holding elements is possible in the anode chamber, which reduces their rigidity.
  • the ring elements and / or the webs of sheet metal strips connecting them to one another have a material thickness of less than one millimeter, preferably with a material thickness of less than 0.8 mm and more than 0.4 mm, for example in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 0.7 mm are made.
  • the current paths in the holding element should also be kept low.
  • a certain minimum material thickness is recommended to ensure a sufficient cross-section for a low-loss electrical transition.
  • an electrolysis cell comprises at least two elastoplastic spring-mounted holding elements which are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the electrolysis cell. This is advantageous in order to achieve a uniform contact pressure on the flat structure comprising ion exchange membrane, oxygen consumable cathode and anode in larger surface areas.
  • the resilient holding elements are preferably made at least partially from a metallic material, in particular from a titanium material.
  • a titanium material is understood to mean titanium or a titanium alloy. Due to the passivation of the titanium material by the operating medium at hand, it is recommended to connect the resilient holding elements to adjacent components. A welded connection with the neighboring components is therefore preferred.
  • a support structure is preferably arranged in the cathode chamber, which comprises at least two Z-profiles extending in the transverse direction of the electrolysis cell, preferably a plurality of such Z-profiles which are arranged at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction of the electrolysis cell.
  • the elastically resilient holding elements are arranged in the anode chamber and these are each arranged such that the resilient holding elements are seen in the longitudinal direction of the electrolytic cell Z profiles are staggered.
  • An approximately central offset of the holding elements in relation to the respective distance between two Z profiles in the cathode chamber is particularly advantageous.
  • the bending elasticity of the electrodes can also be used to create a zero-gap configuration over the largest possible proportion of the area to achieve and to avoid membrane damage in the contact area between the holding element and the Z-profiles.
  • At least two holding elements are arranged one above the other in an axial extension.
  • At least three holding elements are preferably arranged one above the other in an axial extension. In this way it is possible to achieve pressure and support over a predominant part or ideally over the entire height of the electrode.
  • a cell voltage of, for example, 1.30 V at 5 kA / m 2 was first measured in test cells shortly after switching on. After a longer running time, a further reduced operating voltage of 1.25 V at 5 kA / m 2 could be measured.
  • a voltage reduction in the range of 100 to 150 mV or more is thus possible when using the holding elements according to the invention. This corresponds to a reduction in energy consumption of approximately 7.1% to 10.7% compared to a previously conventional cell voltage of 1.4 V at 5 kA / m 2 .
  • the present invention furthermore relates to a resilient holding element for use in an electrolysis cell in order to generate a contact pressure on a flat formation comprising at least two electrodes and an ion exchange membrane, the holding element being designed to be elastoplastic and resilient.
  • the aforementioned resilient holding element preferably comprises a plurality of ring elements which are each arranged parallel to and at a distance from one another and connected to one another, or it comprises at least one tubular section.
  • the ring elements are connected to one another via webs extending in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the ring elements.
  • these sections are preferably provided with openings in order to reduce their rigidity.
  • Such a resilient holding element also preferably has one or more of the features mentioned in the above description in the explanation of the electrolytic cell according to the invention.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to an electrolysis cell comprising at least one elastically resilient holding element with the features mentioned above.
  • the present invention further relates to an electrolyzer comprising at least one electrolytic cell with at least one resilient holding element with the features described above.
  • the invention preferably relates to an electrolyser comprising at least two, preferably a larger number of electrolytic cells with the features described above, arranged in series in an arrangement of the electrolytic cells in each case in their transverse direction next to one another, the cathode chamber of an electrolytic cell being followed by the anode chamber of the adjacent electrolytic cell.
  • Such an arrangement is also referred to as a stacked single cell in back-to-back arrangement or bipolar or filter press design.
  • Figure 1 is a schematically simplified view of an exemplary electrolytic cell according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged vertical section through the electrolytic cell from FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged horizontal section through the electrolytic cell from FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows a top view of a resilient holding element according to an exemplary variant of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a side view of a resilient holding element according to FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 shows a view of a cross section through a resilient holding element according to FIG. 5;
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 shows a development of a resilient holding element according to FIGS. 4 to 6;
  • FIG. 8 shows an exemplary arrangement of a plurality of individual cells in an electrolyzer
  • Figure 8a is an enlarged detail view of a section of Figure 8.
  • FIG. 9 shows a force-displacement diagram which indicates the average contact pressure as a function of the spring deflection of an elastically resilient holding element according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows a horizontal section through an electrolysis cell with an exemplary holding element according to an alternative variant of the present invention
  • Figure 1 1 is a side view of a holding element which is used in the variant of the electrolytic cell according to Figure 10;
  • FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of the holding element from FIG. 11.
  • FIG. 1 shows a view of the electrolytic cell viewed from the cathode side, but the electrode itself is not shown for reasons of better clarity.
  • the side view of the electrolytic cell 10 has an approximately rectangular outline.
  • a larger number of elements (electrolytic cells 10) of the type shown in FIG. 1 are generally combined with one another in a block.
  • a plurality of electrolysis cells can be connected to one another in a manner known per se in a bipolar manner in a series connection, adjacent individual cells being stacked back to back.
  • the longitudinal direction denotes the larger (horizontal) direction of expansion in the rectangular outline of the electrolytic cell 10 in the drawing from FIG. 1 from right to left.
  • the smaller (vertical) direction of expansion in the rectangular outline of the electrolytic cell in the drawing according to FIG. 1 from bottom to top is defined as the height direction.
  • the extension of the electrolysis cell perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG. 1 is referred to as the transverse direction.
  • the actual cathode in an electrolytic cell of this type is the oxygen-consuming electrode, which is why the cathode is referred to herein as a current distributor.
  • the anode 14 is also shown in FIG. 3.
  • the tubular anodic liquid inlet 15 is located in FIG. 3 on the right side of the drawing.
  • the anodic liquid outlet 16 extends downward and can be seen in FIG. 2.
  • the cathodic gas inlet 18a via which, for example, ultrapure oxygen or an at least oxygen-rich gas can be supplied, is located in FIG. 3 on the left-hand side and is therefore, seen in the longitudinal direction of the electrolytic cell 10, on the side opposite the anodic liquid inlet 15.
  • the cathodic liquid outlet 19 for the resulting condensate can be seen in FIG. 2 on the lower side of the electrolytic cell 10.
  • the cathodic gas outlet 18b like the gas inlet in FIG. 1, can be seen in the top view of the cathode chamber.
  • FIG. 3 also shows the resilient holding elements 30 according to the invention located in the anode chamber, the function of which will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 4 to 7.
  • These resilient holding elements 30 are arranged in the electrolysis cell 10 such that their axis extends in the vertical direction of the electrolysis cell.
  • the resilient retaining elements have an approximately oval ring shape in cross section, somewhat flattened on both sides, and lie in the electrolytic cell 10 in such a way that the somewhat flattened regions lying opposite one another on the circumference rest on the anode 14 on the one hand and on the anode rear wall 17 on the other.
  • the holding elements 30 press the anode 14 against the membrane (see also FIG.
  • the holding elements 30 are not exactly where the Z-profiles 12 are, but rather are offset from the Z-profiles 12 as seen in the longitudinal direction of the cell, such that in the longitudinal direction there is always one holding element 30 in each case preferably lies approximately in the middle between two Z profiles 12.
  • the peripheral frame 20 of the electrolytic cell 10 which can be releasably connectable to the other components and which in particular serves to seal the elements to one another.
  • the frame is designed, for example, as a solid steel material in order to optimally support the flange surfaces of the anode and cathode chambers.
  • the seals are preferably on the flange surfaces placed, which seal the elements against the clamped membrane.
  • the forces required to seal the cell stack are significantly greater than the forces required to deform the preferably elastoplastic components according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 also shows the resilient holding elements 30 described above in the anode chamber, the ring elements 31 being recognized here in each case.
  • the anode chamber has a somewhat larger extension in the direction of the width (transverse direction) of the electrolytic cell 10 than the cathode chamber.
  • the longer web of one of the Z profiles 12 of the support structure in the cathode chamber can be seen in FIG.
  • This resilient holding element 30 which in the assembled state also partially plastically deforms in the electrolytic cell, comprises a plurality of mutually parallel and spaced-apart ring elements 31 which, as can be seen from the cross-sectional view according to FIG. 6, are not circular in outline, but one in two on the circumference opposite flattened areas 32 each have a slightly flattened and thus approximately oval shape overall.
  • These ring elements 31, like the resilient holding element 30, can be made overall from sheet metal strips with a material thickness of, for example, less than 1 mm.
  • All ring elements 31 of a holding element 30 are connected to one another via two webs 33, 34, these webs 33, 34 each extending in an axially parallel direction, that is to say in the longitudinal direction of the holding element.
  • This axially parallel extension of the webs 33, 34 thus runs approximately perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the ring elements 31.
  • the sectional view according to FIG. 6 shows that the two webs 33, 34 lie opposite each other on the circumference with respect to the individual ring element 31, the webs 33, 34 being located where the ring elements 31 each have the flattened regions 32 ,
  • FIG. 7 shows a possible development or an exemplary cut of the holding element 30 described above, from which the holding element according to the invention is bent into the cylindrical shape shown in FIG.
  • One recognizes here the sheet metal strips from which the numerous parallel ring elements 31 are created, as well as one of the two webs 33 running in the longitudinal direction or axial direction.
  • the second web is provided in half in the cut according to FIG. 7, so that after after bending into the cylindrical shape, the two halves 34a, 34b can be connected to one another and then form the second web 34.
  • the structure and function of an exemplary electrolyzer with a plurality of electrolytic cells of the type described above are connected in series with reference to FIGS. 8 and 8a.
  • electrolytic cells 10 are shown in series connection, each arranged in a back-to-back arrangement, which are arranged in such a way that the electrolytic cells 10 lie one behind the other in the transverse direction described above, such that the anode chamber and cathode chamber always alternate, in each case between a cathode chamber 21 and an anode chamber 22 of two adjacent electrolytic cells 10 each have an ion exchange membrane 23 arranged.
  • the electrical current flow through the arrangement of electrolysis cells is shown in FIG. 8 by way of example and schematically simplified by the meandering arrow 24, the current flow actually taking place over the entire electrode area.
  • FIG. 8 a Further details of the arrangement can be seen in the more detailed illustration according to FIG. 8 a.
  • ODC oxygen depletion cathode
  • the resilient holding elements 30 thus support the anode 14 with their ring elements 31 and press them against the ion exchange membrane 23, this ion exchange membrane in turn lying closely against the gas diffusion electrode 24, which in turn lies tightly against the cathodic current distributor 13 of the adjacent electrolytic cell , which has the Z-profiles 12 as a support structure.
  • a distance between the anode 14, the ion exchange membrane 23 and the gas diffusion electrode 24 is shown, but this is only for the better illustration, that is to say this is a partially exploded illustration.
  • the aim is that the anode, the ion exchange membrane, the gas diffusion electrode and the cathodic current distributor lie close together (one on top of the other), so that the so-called “zero-gap” configuration results.
  • This aim is supported by the holding elements 30 according to the invention, since these press the anode against the gas diffusion electrode and the other flat elements of the arrangement on account of their elastoplastic spring force and with their ability for a certain plastic deformation and thus prevent a gap from forming between them.
  • the holding elements 30 are arranged in the anode chamber in such a way that their axis extends in the vertical direction of the electrolytic cell, so that the pressing via the resilient and deformable ring elements 31 takes place virtually in their radial direction and not, as in the case of a spiral spring, for example, via a spring effect in the axial direction Direction of the spring.
  • FIG. 9 shows a force-displacement diagram which indicates the average contact pressure in mbar in relation to the electrode area which an elastoplastic resilient holding element exerts on the membrane, depending on the respective spring deflection of the ring element in mm.
  • Two curves are drawn in the diagram.
  • the upper curve 35 results from the measurements for a ring element made of titanium sheet with a material thickness of 0.6 mm.
  • the lower curve 36 results from the measurements for a ring element with a smaller material thickness of only 0.5 mm.
  • FIG. 10 is a similar horizontal sectional view of an electrolysis cell as has already been explained with reference to FIG. 3 above, so that the analog components are not described again here.
  • the holding elements which are designated here by reference numeral 40, are configured differently. As described above, these holding elements 40 can be arranged between the anode 14 and the anode rear wall 17 in the anode chamber in such a way that they exert a contact pressure on the flat electrode structure, the holding elements in the transverse direction of the anode chamber, i.e. in the direction of the surface normal to the flat arrangement of the electrodes are flexible and plastically deformable to a certain extent.
  • the holding elements 40 have a polygonal, for example an approximately diamond-shaped cross section and are preferably acted upon in the direction of one of the diagonals of this diamond shape.
  • the holding elements 40 can consist, for example, of a sheet material made of titanium, nickel or one of the other materials mentioned above.
  • FIGS. 1 1 and 12 show a side view and a perspective view of a holding element.
  • the holding elements 40 have an elongated tubular shape at least in sections have an approximately diamond-shaped cross section, their axial extent in the installed state corresponding to the height direction of the electrolysis cell (see also FIG. 10).
  • the holding elements 40 have numerous openings 42 or punched-outs in their walls 41, which form tubular sections, which are, for example, slit-like and the rows extending in the longitudinal direction of the holding element , in particular can be arranged in several rows.
  • the otherwise tubular holding element 40 is somewhat weakened, so that its rigidity decreases and the desired flexibility in the transverse direction (diagonal direction) is achieved.
  • the diamond shape of the cross-section has slight flattenings 43 in the corner area adjacent to the anode 14 and in the opposite corner area, similar to the flattened areas 32 in the variant described above with reference to FIG. 3.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une cellule électrolytique comprenant un compartiment anodique (22) et un compartiment cathodique (21) qui sont séparés l'un de l'autre par une membrane échangeuse d'ions (23), la cellule électrolytique (10) présentant par ailleurs une anode, une électrode de diffusion de gaz et un distributeur de courant cathodique (13), l'anode (14), la membrane échangeuse d'ions (23), l'électrode de diffusion de gaz (24) et le distributeur de courant cathodique (13) étant dans l'ordre ci-dessus respectivement en contact physique direct les uns avec les autres. De l'autre côté de l'anode (14) et/ou de l'autre côté du distributeur de courant cathodique (13) sont agencés des éléments de retenue (30) élastiques flexibles qui exercent une pression sur l'anode et/ou sur le distributeur de courant cathodique. Selon l'invention, les éléments de retenue (30) élastiques flexibles comprennent des éléments annulaires ou au moins une partie tubulaire dont l'axe est orienté dans le sens de la hauteur de la cellule électrolytique (10). Les éléments annulaires élastiques flexibles et également partiellement déformables plastiquement ou les parties tubulaires permettent d'obtenir une pression mécanique efficace de la membrane échangeuse d'ions contre la cathode consommable d'oxygène pour produire une configuration sans écartement.
EP19734703.2A 2018-06-14 2019-06-12 Cellule électrolytique munie d'éléments de retenue élastiques Active EP3794165B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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PL19734703T PL3794165T3 (pl) 2018-06-14 2019-06-12 Ogniwo elektrolityczne ze sprężynującymi elementami podtrzymującymi

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102018209520.5A DE102018209520A1 (de) 2018-06-14 2018-06-14 Elektrolysezelle
PCT/EP2019/065393 WO2019238780A1 (fr) 2018-06-14 2019-06-12 Cellule électrolytique munie d'éléments de retenue élastiques

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EP3794165A1 true EP3794165A1 (fr) 2021-03-24
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EP (1) EP3794165B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7167191B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN112262231B (fr)
DE (1) DE102018209520A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL3794165T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2768867C1 (fr)
SA (1) SA520420675B1 (fr)
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DE102018209520A1 (de) * 2018-06-14 2019-12-19 Thyssenkrupp Uhde Chlorine Engineers Gmbh Elektrolysezelle
EP4339334A1 (fr) 2022-09-15 2024-03-20 thyssenkrupp nucera AG & Co. KGaA Cellule d'électrolyse avec éléments de support courbés
CN116259777B (zh) * 2023-05-16 2023-09-08 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 一种燃料电池的金属极板及电堆

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WO2019238780A1 (fr) 2019-12-19
DE102018209520A1 (de) 2019-12-19
US20210222306A1 (en) 2021-07-22
US20220325427A1 (en) 2022-10-13
CN112262231A (zh) 2021-01-22
JP7167191B2 (ja) 2022-11-08
US11697883B2 (en) 2023-07-11
JP2021526588A (ja) 2021-10-07
PL3794165T3 (pl) 2022-05-02
SA520420675B1 (ar) 2023-06-27
CN112262231B (zh) 2023-09-05
RU2768867C1 (ru) 2022-03-25
US11479870B2 (en) 2022-10-25
EP3794165B1 (fr) 2022-01-05

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