EP3790689B1 - Module d'un dispositif de moulage sous pression - Google Patents

Module d'un dispositif de moulage sous pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3790689B1
EP3790689B1 EP19710583.6A EP19710583A EP3790689B1 EP 3790689 B1 EP3790689 B1 EP 3790689B1 EP 19710583 A EP19710583 A EP 19710583A EP 3790689 B1 EP3790689 B1 EP 3790689B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screw
filling chamber
module
cylinder unit
die
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19710583.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3790689A1 (fr
EP3790689C0 (fr
Inventor
Christian PLATZER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thixotropic Piston Injection Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Thixotropic Piston Injection Technology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thixotropic Piston Injection Technology GmbH filed Critical Thixotropic Piston Injection Technology GmbH
Publication of EP3790689A1 publication Critical patent/EP3790689A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3790689B1 publication Critical patent/EP3790689B1/fr
Publication of EP3790689C0 publication Critical patent/EP3790689C0/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
    • B22D17/2061—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die using screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
    • B22D17/203—Injection pistons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
    • B22D17/2272—Sprue channels
    • B22D17/2281—Sprue channels closure devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/30—Accessories for supplying molten metal, e.g. in rations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a module for a die-casting device, comprising a base which can be attached to a platen of the die-casting device, a screw-cylinder unit for producing a thixotropic material and a filling chamber, the screw-cylinder unit and the filling chamber being directly or indirectly connected are arranged on the base in such a way that thixotropic material produced by the screw-barrel unit can be conveyed into the filling chamber.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a molded part with a die-casting device, comprising a module, wherein the module has a base attached to a clamping plate of the die-casting device, a screw-cylinder unit and a filling chamber, the screw-cylinder unit and the filling chamber is arranged directly or indirectly on the base, with the screw-barrel unit producing a thixotropic material, after which the thixotropic material is conveyed into the filling chamber.
  • Die casting devices as are known from the prior art, allow molded parts made of a light metal or a light metal alloy, for example an aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy, to be created with high precision and in large quantities in a short time. Due to the quantitatively high output of molded parts with die-casting devices, they are widely used.
  • the document US 2016/0221074 A1 discloses a thixomolding device, wherein a screw-barrel unit and a filling chamber as well as an injection nozzle downstream thereof are provided in order to inject thixotropic material into a mold.
  • the document JP 2004243337 A discloses a thixomolding device, wherein a filling chamber rests on a clamping plate in order to inject prepared casting material into a mold via a pouring channel through the clamping plate.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a module for a die-casting device with which the die-casting device can be easily converted so that a thixomolding process can be operated with it.
  • Another aim is to provide a method for producing a molded part using a die-casting device.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a module for a die-casting device of the type mentioned at the outset if the base has a central free space into which the screw-cylinder unit protrudes.
  • An advantage achieved with the invention is that a module is provided which can be easily integrated into existing die-casting devices. This makes it possible to convert a die-casting device from the usual die-casting process to a thixomolding process within a short period of time. This means that the large number of die-casting devices already in use can be used to produce molded parts using thixomolding.
  • the invention also takes advantage of the fact that the module can be attached to a clamping plate of the die-casting device or is attached there during use. The die-casting device therefore does not require any major conversion work, but rather the module according to the invention can only be fastened on the front side to a clamping plate of the die-casting device, which is closer to the piston required for injection.
  • the module can therefore be arranged between the clamping plates and thus in the actual tool cabin.
  • the two mold halves of the casting tool to form a molding cavity can then be arranged in the usual way on the opposite clamping plate and the base of the module.
  • the arrangement of the module between the clamping plates creates a kind of double floor. This concept allows the conversion effort to be minimized.
  • the screw-barrel unit has a cylinder and a screw.
  • the screw is arranged inside the cylinder.
  • the screw serves to bring the supplied material, usually a metal or an alloy, into a thixotropic state, with which it is to be injected into the mold cavity after the mold halves have been closed.
  • a temperature control unit is provided to achieve the required temperatures within the screw-barrel unit.
  • the temperature control unit is usually designed as a heater.
  • the heater can be arranged on the outside of the screw-barrel unit. For example, it can be a resistance heater which is arranged on the circumference of the screw-cylinder unit in certain areas or over the entire extent.
  • the filling chamber also usually needs to be tempered.
  • the temperature control unit of the screw-barrel unit can also extend to an outside of the filling chamber.
  • a further temperature control unit can be provided for the filling chamber, which can be controlled separately from the temperature control unit for the screw-cylinder unit. This can also be the case with the temperature control unit for the filling chamber be a resistance heater.
  • the one or more temperature control units are designed so that the required temperatures for processing light metals or light metal alloys are achieved in the screw-barrel unit or the filling chamber, for example in the temperature range from 400 ° C to 700 ° C.
  • thixotropic material is generated by the screw-barrel unit and introduced into the filling chamber.
  • a screw of the screw-cylinder unit is rotatably mounted for these purposes.
  • a motor is provided to rotate the screw.
  • the screw can be moved axially. Since the screw is arranged axially displaceably in the cylinder, thixotropic material created can be pressed forward into the filling chamber by moving the screw axially in the direction of the filling chamber. It has been shown that the corresponding axial displacement enables excellent metering of the filling chamber.
  • the screw is basically just rotated and the filling chamber is filled via the resulting dosing pressure. The screw then only needs to be moved a few millimeters, namely to close the transition to the filling chamber or to open it for filling.
  • the filling chamber has a sealing seat against which a first end of the screw can be adjusted.
  • the sealing seat can be tapered, particularly when viewed from the direction of the screw. If the screw is positioned against the sealing seat by axial displacement, a backflow of material into the screw-barrel unit is avoided. It is understood that a first end of the screw is designed for this purpose with an end stop surface which corresponds to the sealing seat of the filling chamber, so that the desired sealing function is achieved.
  • the screw-cylinder unit can be arranged anywhere in relation to the base and thus ultimately also to the die-casting device.
  • the screw-cylinder unit is advantageously arranged vertically. However, it is also possible to store the screw-barrel unit horizontally and fill the filling chamber from one side.
  • the filling chamber is usually arranged horizontally so that a generally horizontally arranged piston of a die-casting device to be converted can be inserted into it without additional conversion measures.
  • the base can have a relatively slim structure, subject to the forces acting on it. An approximately plate-shaped structure is preferred since the module can then be attached flat to the clamping plate.
  • the invention provides that the base has a central free space into which the screw-barrel unit protrudes. This free space extends at least to the filling chamber so that the screw-barrel unit can be coupled to the filling chamber.
  • a first lifting device can be provided, with which the screw of the screw-cylinder unit is axially displaceable.
  • This can be a hydraulic or pneumatic lifting device.
  • the first lifting device can be mounted on the base or a component that is stationarily connected to it, so that the screw can be moved relative to the cylinder of the screw-cylinder unit.
  • the screw-barrel unit can be connected to the base in various ways.
  • the screw-barrel unit can be mounted on a head-side plate that is attached to the base.
  • a first lifting device can then be mounted on the plate, so that the screw of the screw-cylinder unit can be displaced relative to the plate and thus to the base and subsequently to the filling chamber, which is mounted on the base.
  • the screw-barrel unit is mounted on the filling chamber.
  • the screw-barrel unit can be mounted on an outer part of the filling chamber, the outer part being connected to the base.
  • This variant has the advantage that an inner part of the filling chamber can be detachably connected to the outer part of the filling chamber by sliding.
  • a second lifting device is also provided, with which the screw-cylinder unit can be axially displaceable relative to the outer part of the filling chamber, the inner part of the filling chamber can be removed with a corresponding axial displacement of the screw-cylinder unit. This is important because this internal part is subject to the highest levels of wear due to the high pressure during injection and the thixotropic material used. Through a corresponding lifting movement and thus decoupling of the screw-cylinder unit from the filling chamber, its inner part is released and can be removed from the front and replaced with a new inner part.
  • a die-casting device can be equipped with a module according to the invention.
  • the further aim of the invention is achieved by a method for producing a molded part with a die-casting device of the type mentioned at the outset if the base has a central free space into which the screw-cylinder unit projects.
  • a procedurally achieved advantage can be seen in the fact that molded parts can be produced using a conventional die-casting machine that is retrofitted with a module according to the invention can be produced in a thixomolding process.
  • a plug can form between the filling chamber and the mold cavity at the end of the nozzle during or at the end of the injection process.
  • a first variant of a module 1 is shown, which can be used to create a conventional die-casting device D1 ( Fig. 7 ) to be converted so that thixotropic material can be injected into one or more mold cavities in order to create corresponding molded parts.
  • the module 1 can of course also be integrated into a new die-casting device D1 or delivered with it.
  • Module 1 has a base 2.
  • the base 2 can be rectangular or, as shown, approximately square. Other basic forms of base 2 are of course also possible. In the interests of efficiency, however, the base 2 is made as small as possible, especially since the base 2 primarily serves to provide a basis for a screw-cylinder unit 3 and a filling chamber 4 and their coupling to a clamping plate D2 of a die-casting device D1 to enable. Furthermore, the base 2 accommodates a mold, which is why the base 2 is, if possible, approximately the size of the clamping plate D2. How out Fig. 4 As can be seen, the base 2 is designed with approximately a constant thickness and has a central free space 22. Furthermore, openings 23 are provided, which serve to pass through suitable fastening means so that the base 2 can be fastened to a clamping plate D2 of the die-casting device D1 using suitable fastening means.
  • the base 2 which is basically designed with essentially the same thickness, has a central free space 22 or a recess.
  • the screw-cylinder unit 3 which projects vertically downwards, runs in this recess. If injected from one side, that would be in Fig. 1 The situation shown is rotated 90° to the left or right. However, a vertical arrangement is also preferred for a constant supply of material from the screw-barrel unit 3 into the filling chamber 4.
  • a piston D4 and a die-casting device D1 can protrude into the filling chamber 4 after the module 1 has been attached to a clamping plate D2.
  • the screw-cylinder unit 3 is mounted on a head-side plate 7, which in turn is connected to the base 2.
  • a motor 8 is also mounted indirectly on the plate 7, via an intermediate plate 71, which is axially displaceable.
  • the screw-cylinder unit 3 comprises an external cylinder 31 in which a screw 32 is arranged.
  • the screw 32 can be set in rotation by the motor 8.
  • the screw 32 can be moved axially in the cylinder 31 by the first lifting device 5 provided, with the intermediate plate 71 together with the motor 8 mounted thereon being moved along with the corresponding axial displacement.
  • the filling chamber 4 is mounted on the base 2 and is detachably connected to the vertically arranged screw-cylinder unit 3.
  • the filling chamber 4 extends, in particular Fig. 2 can be seen, beyond the base and includes an end nozzle 43, which opens into a mold half during an injection process.
  • the filling chamber 4 extends from the nozzle 43 to an opposite end of the filling chamber 4, which serves to receive a piston D4, which is part of a conventional die-casting device D1.
  • the screw 32 runs within the cylinder 31 of the screw-cylinder unit 3. At the first end 321, the screw 32 is tapered, whereas at the opposite end 322 of the screw there can be an approximately horizontal end.
  • the filling chamber 4 has a corresponding sealing seat 44 to accommodate the first end 321 of the screw 32.
  • the sealing seat 44 is preferably also designed to be conically tapered from the perspective of the screw 32. This makes it possible to prevent thixotropic material from flowing back from the filling chamber 4 into the screw-barrel unit 3 during an injection process, which will be explained later.
  • the screw 32 can be moved up and down within the cylinder 31 by the first lifting device 5. With the motor 8, which is in operative connection with the screw 32, a rotary movement or rotation of the screw 32 can be generated.
  • FIG. 7 A die-casting device D1 is shown, to which a module 1 is attached.
  • the module 1 is attached to a first clamping plate D2 of the die-casting device D1, for which the mentioned openings 23 on the base 2 serve.
  • the module 1 is attached to the stationary clamping plate D2 and lies opposite a movably mounted clamping plate D3 of the die-casting device D1.
  • the piston D4 of the die-casting device D1 engages in the filling chamber 4 of the module 1.
  • the two required mold halves are mounted on the clamping plates D2, D3.
  • thixotropic material provided via the screw-cylinder unit 3 can be injected into a closed mold cavity via the nozzle 43, for which first, in order to produce the mold cavity, the movable clamping plate D3 with the mold half mounted there is attached to the stationary clamping plate D2 with the mold half mounted there Module 1 mounted mold half is employed. The injection process can then take place. This process is explained below.
  • Fig. 8 to 12 The injection process for creating a molded part made of thixotropic material using a conventional die-casting machine D1, converted with a module 1, is shown as an example.
  • Fig. 8 shows an initial state in which the screw 32 is locked, which corresponds to the state at the end of an injection process.
  • the screw 32 is then unlocked and set in rotation by the motor 8.
  • appropriate granules or powder are metered into the screw-barrel unit 3 to produce thixotropic material.
  • the rotational movement of the screw 32 and a temperature in the screw-cylinder unit 3 set via heaters (not shown) bring the granules or powder provided into the thixotropic state.
  • piston D4 is again in the position shown Fig. 8 and the process begins again. It is worth mentioning here that no plug is formed between the screw-barrel unit 3 and the filling chamber 4 during the injection process, as is common in thixomolding processes. Rather, the entire area is kept at a temperature so that no plug formation occurs. This has proven to be advantageous in terms of precise metering or filling of the filling chamber 4, as is required to create high-quality molded parts.
  • FIG. 13 and 14 Cross sections of a variant of module 1 are shown.
  • This variant of module 1 differs primarily from the storage of the screw-cylinder unit 3.
  • the screw-cylinder unit differs from the previously explained variant 3 stored on the filling chamber 4.
  • the filling chamber 4 has an outer part 41 and an inner part 42.
  • the outer part 41 is connected to the base 2, with the filling chamber 4, as in the first and all other alternative variants, being guided through a base opening 21 and preferably protruding from this with the nozzle 43.
  • a second lifting device 6 is provided on the bottom side of the outer part 41.
  • This can again be a hydraulic or pneumatically operated lifting device 6.
  • alternative drives are possible, for example a spindle drive.
  • the screw-cylinder unit 3 projects vertically into a central free space 22 of the base 2.
  • the second lifting device 6 which is attached to the outer part 41 of the filling chamber 4, the entire screw-cylinder unit 3 can be used as a such are axially displaced.
  • the second lifting device 6 is designed as a hydraulic lifting device, then when a hydraulic medium is applied to it, it is not the piston that moves, but rather the housing and a connected carrier 9 together with guide means 10, which are connected to the head-side plate 7.
  • An inner part 42 of the filling chamber 4 is released by a corresponding upward stroke.
  • This inner part 42 is the part that is subject to the greatest wear during operation because the highest forces act in its area during injection.
  • This inner part 42 can be easily released by an axial stroke of the screw-cylinder unit 3 and can be pulled off towards the front. A new wearing part or inner part 42 then only needs to be inserted.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Encapsulation Of And Coatings For Semiconductor Or Solid State Devices (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Module (1) pour un dispositif de moulage sous pression (D1), présentant une base (2) qui peut être fixée sur une plaque de serrage (21) du dispositif de moulage sous pression (D1), une unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3) pour produire un matériau thixotrope et une chambre de remplissage (4), dans lequel l'unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3) et la chambre de remplissage (4) sont disposées directement ou indirectement sur la base (2) de telle façon que du matériau thixotrope produit par l'unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3) peut être transporté dans la chambre de remplissage (4), caractérisé en ce que la base (2) présente un espace libre central (22) dans lequel l'unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3) fait saillie.
  2. Module (1) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel une vis sans fin (32) de l'unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3) peut être déplacée axialement.
  3. Module (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la chambre de remplissage (4) présente un siège d'étanchéité (44) sur lequel peut être placée une première extrémité (321) de la vis sans fin (32).
  4. Module (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel l'unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3) est disposée verticalement.
  5. Module (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel la chambre de remplissage (4) est disposée horizontalement.
  6. Module (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel un premier équipement de levage (5) est prévu, avec lequel la vis sans fin (32) de l'unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3) peut être déplacée axialement.
  7. Module (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel l'unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3) est disposée sur une plaque côté tête (7) qui est fixée sur la base (2) .
  8. Module (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel l'unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3) est disposée sur la chambre de remplissage (4).
  9. Module (1) selon la revendication 8, dans lequel l'unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3) est disposée sur une partie extérieure (41) de la chambre de remplissage (4), dans lequel la partie extérieure (41) est reliée à la base (2) .
  10. Module (1) selon la revendication 9, dans lequel une partie intérieure (42) de la chambre de remplissage (4) est reliée de manière séparable par coulissement à la partie extérieure (41) de la chambre de remplissage (4) .
  11. Module (1) selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel un deuxième équipement de levage (6) est prévu, avec lequel l'unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3) est mobile axialement par rapport à la partie extérieure (41) de la chambre de remplissage (4).
  12. Dispositif de moulage sous pression (D1) comprenant un module (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11.
  13. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce moulée comprenant un dispositif de moulage sous pression (D1), présentant un module (1), dans lequel le module (1) présente une base (2) fixée sur une plaque de serrage (21) du dispositif de moulage sous pression (D1), une unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3) et une chambre de remplissage (4), dans lequel l'unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3) et la chambre de remplissage (4) sont disposées directement ou indirectement sur la base (2), dans lequel un matériau thixotrope est produit avec l'unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3), après quoi le matériau thixotrope est transporté dans la chambre de remplissage (4), caractérisé en ce que la base (2) présente un espace libre central (22) dans lequel l'unité vis sans fin-cylindre (3) fait saillie.
EP19710583.6A 2018-05-11 2019-03-06 Module d'un dispositif de moulage sous pression Active EP3790689B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50394/2018A AT521217B1 (de) 2018-05-11 2018-05-11 Modul für eine Druckgussvorrichtung
PCT/AT2019/060072 WO2019213678A1 (fr) 2018-05-11 2019-03-06 Module d'un dispositif de moulage sous pression

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3790689A1 EP3790689A1 (fr) 2021-03-17
EP3790689B1 true EP3790689B1 (fr) 2024-01-17
EP3790689C0 EP3790689C0 (fr) 2024-01-17

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US (1) US11167342B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3790689B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN112437705B (fr)
AT (1) AT521217B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019213678A1 (fr)

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CN116020997B (zh) * 2022-12-29 2024-04-26 山东客乐思新材料科技有限公司 一种石板表面的花纹压铸方法及压铸装置

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3138653B2 (ja) * 1997-02-25 2001-02-26 三山化成株式会社 射出機
JP2004243337A (ja) * 2003-02-12 2004-09-02 Toshiba Mach Co Ltd 成形装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2825558B2 (ja) 1989-10-25 1998-11-18 株式会社日立製作所 組成物及びこの樹脂組成物を使用した多層プリント回路板の製造方法
DE4121961A1 (de) * 1991-06-28 1993-01-07 Siemens Ag Schaltungsanordnung zur energieversorgung von feldgeraeten
US6520762B2 (en) * 2001-02-23 2003-02-18 Husky Injection Molding Systems, Ltd Injection unit
CA2453397A1 (fr) * 2003-01-27 2004-07-27 Wayne Liu (Weijie) W. J. Methode et appareil pour des moulages thixotropes d'alliages semi-solides
CN101181736B (zh) * 2007-12-07 2011-05-18 华中科技大学 一种金属零件的半固态流变成形方法及其装置
AT512229B1 (de) * 2011-11-10 2014-10-15 Mold Thix Consulting Bueltermann Gmbh Vorrichtung, anlage und verfahren zum druckgiessen von metallischem material im thixotropen zustand
SG2013090568A (en) * 2013-12-06 2015-07-30 Pratt & Whitney Services Pte Ltd Die casting machine shot sleeve

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3138653B2 (ja) * 1997-02-25 2001-02-26 三山化成株式会社 射出機
JP2004243337A (ja) * 2003-02-12 2004-09-02 Toshiba Mach Co Ltd 成形装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20210220908A1 (en) 2021-07-22
CN112437705B (zh) 2022-08-16
AT521217A1 (de) 2019-11-15
EP3790689A1 (fr) 2021-03-17
EP3790689C0 (fr) 2024-01-17
US11167342B2 (en) 2021-11-09
AT521217B1 (de) 2021-02-15
CN112437705A (zh) 2021-03-02
WO2019213678A1 (fr) 2019-11-14

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