EP3787886A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines extrudates - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines extrudatesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3787886A1 EP3787886A1 EP19717224.0A EP19717224A EP3787886A1 EP 3787886 A1 EP3787886 A1 EP 3787886A1 EP 19717224 A EP19717224 A EP 19717224A EP 3787886 A1 EP3787886 A1 EP 3787886A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pultrusion
- unit
- movement
- rohextrudates
- extrudate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010399 three-hybrid screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
- B29C70/86—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502715—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L9/00—Supporting devices; Holding devices
- B01L9/52—Supports specially adapted for flat sample carriers, e.g. for plates, slides, chips
- B01L9/527—Supports specially adapted for flat sample carriers, e.g. for plates, slides, chips for microfluidic devices, e.g. used for lab-on-a-chip
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
- B29C48/154—Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/266—Means for allowing relative movements between the apparatus parts, e.g. for twisting the extruded article or for moving the die along a surface to be coated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
- B29C48/34—Cross-head annular extrusion nozzles, i.e. for simultaneously receiving moulding material and the preform to be coated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/504—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
- B29C70/521—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die and impregnating the reinforcement before the die
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
- B29C70/525—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C70/526—Pultrusion dies, e.g. dies with moving or rotating parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
- B29C70/681—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C70/682—Preformed parts characterised by their structure, e.g. form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
- B29C70/74—Moulding material on a relatively small portion of the preformed part, e.g. outsert moulding
- B29C70/747—Applying material, e.g. foam, only in a limited number of places or in a pattern, e.g. to create a decorative effect
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
- B29C70/78—Moulding material on one side only of the preformed part
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/13—Moving of cuvettes or solid samples to or from the investigating station
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/251—Colorimeters; Construction thereof
- G01N21/253—Colorimeters; Construction thereof for batch operation, i.e. multisample apparatus
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/6452—Individual samples arranged in a regular 2D-array, e.g. multiwell plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/02—Small extruding apparatus, e.g. handheld, toy or laboratory extruders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/79—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling of preformed parts or layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/875—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling for achieving a non-uniform temperature distribution, e.g. using barrels having both cooling and heating zones
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an extrudate according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a process unit according to the preamble of claim 14.
- Process units with a pultrusion unit and an extrusion unit are used to produce a strand-shaped extrudate.
- a matrix for example thermoplastic
- the raw extrudate is deformed as the matrix and fibers in the pultrusion unit.
- the raw extrudate is formed from the pultrusion unit to the extrudate in the final form.
- the raw extrudate is moved through a completely closed pultrusion channel bounded by forming walls. The cross-sectional area available for the crude extrudate is therefore limited by the cross-sectional area of the pultrusion channel.
- the raw extrudate in the pultrusion channel may be necessary for temporarily require a larger cross-sectional area.
- the available cross-sectional area for the raw extrudate is limited by the cross-sectional area of the pultrusion channel, this results in a large increase in the pressure of the raw extrudate in the pultrusion channel and a blockage, because the raw extrudate rests on the forming walls with a large compressive force and thus a great friction between the raw extrudate and the shaping walls
- CONFIRMATION COPY occurs. This problem occurs especially with a small diameter tubular extrudate. For this reason, in particular, extrusions having a small diameter can not be reliably produced by the pultrusion unit.
- DE 10 2015 007 317 A1 shows a method for reinforcing an existing basic structure with a reinforcing structure.
- the reinforcing structure is manufactured with a process unit having a pultrusion unit and an extrusion unit.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for producing an extrudate and a process unit, in which extrudates with a small diameter or a small cross-sectional area can be reliably produced.
- a method for producing a preferably extruded strand comprising the steps of: introducing a hardenable matrix and fibers or a raw extrudate into a pultrusion unit, deforming the raw extrudate in the pultrusion unit by passing an outside of the raw extrudate during the movement of the raw extrudate a pultrusion channel of the pultrusion unit rests on at least one forming wall of the pultrusion unit, exiting the deformed raw extrudate from the pultrusion unit, introducing the raw extrudate from the pultrusion unit into an extrusion unit, deforming the raw extrudate in the extrusion unit, and exiting the raw extrudate from an orifice of the extrudate Extrusion unit, wherein in a section through the Rohextrudat perpendicular to the direction of movement of the Rohextrudates in the pultrusion channel, a first part of the outside of the Rohextrudates during the movement a second part of the outside of the raw
- the cross-sectional area of the raw extrudate in the pultrusion channel is thus changed during the movement of the Rohextrudates at an identical section perpendicular to the direction of movement of the Rohextrudates in the pultrusion channel, so that preferably a blockage of the raw extrudate, in particular due to material tolerances, can be substantially avoided.
- the cross-sectional area available to the raw extrudate is changed by at least 5%, 10%, 20% or 30% due to movement of the first and second forming walls.
- the raw extrudate is deformed and optionally in the pultrusion unit, the fibers are firmly bonded to the matrix.
- the optional implementation of the cohesive connection between the fibers and the matrix in the pultrusion unit depends on the type of raw extrudate used. For example, in hybrid yarns, the fibers and the matrix are not yet firmly bonded to each other from the introduction into the pultrusion unit, so that in the pultrusion unit a cohesive connection between the fibers and the matrix is produced and in composite tapes as Rohextrudat the fibers and the matrix of the introduction into the Pultrusionsaku already at least partially cohesively connected to each other, so that in the Pultrusionsaku no or only a slight cohesive connection between the Fibers and the matrix is produced.
- a cohesive bond between the fibers and the matrix is also produced in the case of composite tapes as raw extrudate in the pultrusion unit, because the heating and forming of the raw extrudate in the pultrusion unit necessitates an additional and / or altered cohesive connection between the fibers and the matrix.
- the raw extrudate at the second part of the outside of the raw extrudate, the raw extrudate has only one contact with the ambient air or a process gas.
- the at least one shaping wall in particular in a direction of movement parallel to the direction of movement of the Rohextrudates, stationary, so that the Rohextrudat performs a relative movement to the at least one forming wall due to the movement of the Rohextrudates by the Pultrusionsaku.
- the at least one shaping wall as the movement wall at least partially, in particular completely, carries out the movement of the raw extrudate through the pultrusion unit so that the relative movement speed between the movement speed of the raw extrudate and the movement speed of the at least one movement wall is smaller than the movement speed of the Rohextrudates by the pultrusion unit, in particular the speed of movement of the Rohextrudates and the movement speed of the at least onehovswandung are substantially identical, preferably substantially means that the speed of movement of Ro rotrudates and the speed of movement of the at least oneoptswandung by less than 20%, 10%, 5% or 3% different.
- the at least one wall is expediently formed as a movement wall of at least one roller and / or of at least one punch moved by a mechanism.
- a radial outer side of the at least one roller rests on the raw extrudate, so that the rotational speed of the radial outer side of the roller substantially the translation speed of the outside of the Rohextrudates corresponds because the role of the Rohextrudat is placed in a corresponding rotational movement.
- the mechanism is driven by a motor, in particular an electric motor, and the stamp is placed on the outside of the raw extrudate, then temporarily carries out the translational movement of the raw extrudate and then the stamp is lifted from the raw extrudate and moved back again and then again onto the raw extrudate applied, this process is carried out repeatedly.
- the first and / or second shaping wall is pressed with a compressive force, in particular in a compressive force perpendicular to the direction of movement of the Rohextrudates, on the outside of the Rohextrudates so that the first and / or second shaping wall in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the Ro extrudate is moved.
- the compressive force is necessary so that the shaping wall causes sufficient deformation of the Rohextrudates.
- the first and / or second shaping wall is pressed by means of an actuator, in particular an electric motor or a movable piston, and / or an elastic element, in particular a spring, on the outside of the Rohextrudates.
- an actuator in particular an electric motor or a movable piston
- an elastic element in particular a spring
- the first and / or second shaping wall is formed by a roller and the roller is moved in a direction of movement perpendicular to the direction of movement of the Rohextrudates. The movement of the roll changes the cross-sectional area of the raw extrudate.
- the pultrusion channel delimited by the at least one shaping wall is tapered conically in the direction of movement of the raw extrudate, so that the width of the pultrusion channel is narrower Rohextrudates decreases and the thickness of the Rohextrudates increases during the deformation of the Rohextrudates in Pultrusionsaku.
- the fibers are adhesively bonded to the hardenable matrix. It depends on the type of raw extrudate used, whether in the pultrusion unit, the fibers are firmly bonded to the matrix.
- the fibers and preferably the hardenable matrix are stressed with a tensile force.
- the at least one wall has a concave and / or convex surface as the movement wall and the concave and / or convex surface of the movement wall rests on the raw extrudate so that a complementary geometry is incorporated into the outside of the raw extrudate.
- an existing basic structure having at least one reinforcing structure is reinforced to form a supporting structure comprising the steps of: producing the at least one reinforcing structure, connecting the at least one reinforcing structure to the basic structure so that the at least one reinforcing structure is connected to the basic structure in a connecting position and the basic structure together with the at least one reinforcing structure forms the supporting structure, wherein the at least one reinforcing structure, in particular all reinforcing structures, is produced from a composite material with fibers and a matrix by pultrusion and / or by extrusion and a pultrusion unit and / or an extrusion unit and / or a process unit is moved in space, so that the at least one reinforcing structure, in particular all reinforcing structures, after the pultrusion and / or extrusion respectively at de r required connection position pultruded on the basic structure and / or extruded is made and the reinforcing structure is produced as an extrudate with a
- a process unit comprising: a pultrusion unit with a pultrusion channel and the pultrusion channel bounded by at least one shaping wall, an extrusion unit with an extrusion channel and an opening for exit of the extrudate from the extrusion channel, a conveyor for conveying a raw extrudate from the pultrusion unit into the extrusion unit, wherein the pultrusion channel is partially open.
- the pultrusion channel is formed in cross section at least partially substantially U-shaped or v-shaped.
- the method is executed with a process unit described in this patent application.
- the process unit described in this patent application is preferably a process unit for carrying out the method described in this patent application.
- the raw extrudate in the extrusion unit is moved through an extrusion channel.
- the second part of the outside of the raw extrudate comprises at least 10%, 20% or 30% of the entire outside of the raw extrudate, in particular in a section perpendicular to the direction of movement of the raw extrudate in the pultrusion channel.
- a force in particular tensile force, is applied to the raw extrudate so that the raw extrudate, in particular the fibers in the pultrusion channel, have a tensile force in the pultrusion unit.
- the raw extrudate is deflected out of the pultrusion channel prior to introduction into the pultrusion channel and / or after being carried out, so that preferably the raw extrudate is inserted at an angle ai and / or during execution is oriented at an angle 02 to a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the Rohextrudates in the pultrusion channel.
- the angle CM and the angle 02 is preferably between 0 ° and 90 °, in particular between 20 ° and 80 °.
- the at least one tensioning device also forms at least one deflection device.
- pultrusion is carried out as the first step for the production of the extrudate, and as the second step, the extrusion is carried out, so that the pultruded crude extrudate partially produced in the first step is reworked in the second step with extrusion.
- the extrudate in particular the reinforcing structure, preferably all reinforcing structures, in particular continuously, is or will be prepared by the pultrusion unit and / or extrusion unit and / or process unit, in particular continuously, in Space in a movement path is moved on and / or in the area of the required connection position at or no distance from the basic structure.
- the distance is in the range between 0 mm and less mm or cm.
- the pultrusion unit and / or extrusion unit and / or process unit is essentially moved to the required connection position since, after the exit of the at least one reinforcement structure from the process unit, the reinforcement structure still has little or no distance from the basic structure.
- the basic structure of the extrusion unit plastically and preferably elastically deformed during movement of the extrusion unit in space, so that due to the plastic deformation of the basic structure at least one recess in the basic structure is formed and in the at least one recess at least one reinforcing structure the required connection position is inserted.
- the pultrusion unit and / or extrusion unit and / or process unit is moved with a robot and / or after pultruding and / or extruding one extrudate with a cutting unit, the extrudate with the chamfers and the matrix is separated.
- the raw extrudate and / or the extrudate are continuously conveyed first through the pultrusion unit and then through the extrusion unit.
- hybrid yarns or composite tapes are fed to the pultrusion unit with fibers and matrix, or the fibers and matrix are conveyed separately to the pultrusion unit.
- the fibers are bonded to one another in a material-locking manner, in particular by heating and / or hardening the matrix and / or during the conveyance of the matrix Pultrusion unit cooled to the extrusion unit and / or hardened, so that the fibers are materially interconnected and / or by means of a conveyor, such as two conveyor wheels, the Rohextrudat is promoted, in particular by the conveyor to the Rohextrudat while conveying the Rohextrudates of the Pultrusion unit to the extrusion unit acts on the Rohextrudat and / or the fibers and the matrix are first deformed by pultrusion and preferably cohesively, in particular by heating and / or hardening of the matrix, and then at least partially the extrudate during extrusion in the extrusion unit, the cross-sectional shape of the extrudate is formed.
- the raw extrudate is understood to be an arrangement and / or mixture of matrix and fibers, regardless of whether or not the fibers are adhesively bonded to the matrix.
- the extrudate has a maximum diameter of less than 10 mm, 5 mm, 3 mm, 1 mm or 0.7 mm.
- the extrudate has, for example, a cross-sectional shape as a rectangle, square or ellipse with a maximum diameter smaller than 10 mm, 5 mm, 3 mm, 1 mm or 0.7 mm.
- the raw extrudate is heated in the pultrusion unit, in particular with a heating device.
- the raw extrudate and / or extrudate is deformed in the extrusion unit.
- the raw extrudate is first heated, while the raw extrudate is being conveyed from the pultrusion unit to the extrusion unit, the crude extrudate is cooled and the raw extrudate is reheated in the extrusion unit.
- the raw extrudate is actively cooled in the pultrusion unit with a, preferably first, cooling device.
- the extrudate is actively cooled after being conveyed through the extrusion unit with a, preferably second, cooling device, for example a blower.
- a, preferably second, cooling device for example a blower.
- the extrudate with plastic preferably thermoplastic and / or thermosetting plastic and / or plastic as a reactive hot melt or reactive hot melt adhesive or reactive melt polymer, prepared as a matrix.
- Plastics as a reactive hot melt or reactive hot melt adhesive or reactive melt polymer are plastics which preferably have initially thermoplastic properties and / or are a thermoplastic and at least one change parameter, for example heating or heating and / or exposure to moisture and / or or the irradiation with UV light and / or an oxygen withdrawal, by a chemical change, in particular at least one chemical reaction, thermosetting properties and / or are a thermosetting plastic.
- the heating and / or heating in the pultrusion unit and / or the extrusion unit may be used as the change parameter.
- Thermosetting plastics are also 100% solid when heated or heated, ie the hardening is not reversible by heating.
- the heating and / or heating in the pultrusion unit and / or extrusion unit is carried out for example at temperatures between 60 ° C and 200 ° C.
- the chemical change is carried out by a connection between existing macromolecular chains (so-called cross links).
- Reactive hotmelts are based, for example, on EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) and polyester or based on PA (polyamide) or based on polymers or based on PUR. Reactive hotmelts may also contain substances that are not plastics or adhesives. Adhesives are insofar considered as plastics.
- the essential property of the reactive hot melt or reactive hotmelt adhesive or reactive melt polymer is thus that after hardening due to the action of the at least one change parameter, heating of the at least one reinforcing structure does not cause melting of the reactive hotmelt or of the matrix from the reactive hotmelt, so that despite the heating to normal for the application temperatures, for example, to temperatures up to 200 ° C or 300 ° C, the carrying capacity and / or rigidity of the extrudate is still guaranteed.
- the extrudate is made with fibers as glass fibers, carbon fibers and / or aramid fibers.
- the material of the basic structure is removed locally in the area of a later contact surface between the at least one reinforcing structure and the basic structure.
- the basic structure is removed by machining, in particular with a tool, preferably a milling tool, and the tool is moved by a robot along the surface of the basic structure.
- a tool preferably a milling tool
- a, preferably elongated, recess is incorporated into the basic structure due to the removal and / or deformation, in particular plastic deformation, of the basic structure and then the at least one reinforcing structure is introduced into the recess, so that a positive connection between the at least one reinforcing structure and the basic structure at the recess, in particular after cooling and hardening of the matrix is formed.
- the surface of the basic structure prior to placing the at least one reinforcing structure on the surface of the basic structure, is locally heated in the area of a later contact surface between the at least one reinforcing structure and the basic structure with a basic structure heating device, in particular a laser or an infrared radiator or a heating fan ,
- the basic structure heating device is moved by a robot along the surface of the basic structure and / or due to the heating of the surface of the basic structure, its property is changed locally, in particular in the region of a later contact surface between the at least one reinforcing structure and the basic structure viscous and / or sticky and / or liquid, so that a cohesive connection between the matrix of the at least one reinforcing structure and the material of the basic structure, in particular after cooling, is formed.
- a substance in particular an adhesive and / or a bonding agent, is used to improve the connection is applied between the at least one reinforcing structure and the basic structure.
- the adding device is moved by a robot along the surface of the basic structure.
- the basic structure is first manufactured or made available, and then the at least one reinforcing structure is produced.
- the basic structure is expediently produced by a different method than the at least one reinforcing structure.
- the basic structure of metal, in particular steel and / or aluminum, and / or plastic, in particular fiber-reinforced plastic or polystyrene or plastic foam or plastic, and / or formed in sandwich construction of two different materials.
- the basic structure is designed as a planar component, a plate, a disk, a partial spherical shell, a dome, a rotation part ellipsoid, a trough or a cup.
- the invention further comprises a computer program with program code means which are stored on a computer-readable data carrier in order to carry out a method described in this patent application when the computer program is executed on a computer or a corresponding computing unit.
- the invention also relates to a computer program product with program code means which are stored on a computer-readable data carrier in order to carry out a method described in this patent application when the computer program is executed on a computer or a corresponding computing unit.
- 1 is a simplified longitudinal section of a process unit with a
- FIG. 2 shows a side view of the process unit during the implementation of the method
- 3 shows a cross-section of a basic structure before the application of a reinforcing structure
- Fig. 4 shows the cross section of the basic structure of FIG. 3 after the
- Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a pultrusion unit of the
- FIG. 6 shows a section A-A of the pultrusion unit according to FIG. 6, FIG.
- FIG. 7 shows a section B-B of the pultrusion unit according to FIG. 6, FIG.
- FIG. 8 shows a section C-C of the pultrusion unit according to FIG. 6, FIG.
- FIG. 11 shows a section A-A of the pultrusion unit according to FIG. 9, FIG.
- FIG. 12 shows a section B-B of the pultrusion unit according to FIG. 9, FIG.
- FIG. 13 shows a section C-C of the pultrusion unit according to FIG. 9
- Fig. 14 is a perspective view of an inventive
- FIG. 15 shows a section A-A of the pultrusion unit according to FIG. 14, FIG.
- Fig. 16 is a perspective view of an inventive
- Pultrusion unit in a third embodiment, 17 shows a section AA of the pultrusion unit according to FIG. 16, FIG.
- FIG. 18 shows a section B-B of the pultrusion unit according to FIG. 16, FIG.
- FIG. 19 shows a section C-C of the pultrusion unit according to FIG. 16, FIG.
- Fig. 20 is a perspective view of an inventive
- FIG. 21 shows a cross section of a pultrusion channel in a first
- Fig. 22 is a cross section of a pultrusion channel in a second
- Fig. 23 is a cross section of a pultrusion channel in a third
- Fig. 24 shows a cross section of a Pultrusionskanales in a fourth
- Fig. 25 is a cross section of a roller in a first
- Fig. 26 is a cross section of a roller in a second
- Fig. 27 is a cross section of a roller in a third
- Fig. 28 is a cross section of a roller in a fourth
- embodiment 29 is a view of a hardenable mass and fibers in a first embodiment for feeding into the pultrusion unit and
- Fig. 30 is a view of a hardenable mass and fibers in a second embodiment for feeding into the pultrusion unit.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a process unit 5 according to the invention for producing a reinforcing structure 1 as an extrudate 40.
- the process unit 5 includes a pultrusion unit 6 and an extrusion unit 7.
- a pultrusion channel 9 is formed and in a right-to-left direction as a movement direction 54 of a raw extrudate 41 as shown in FIG. 1, the pultrusion channel 9 is at a portion initially formed conically tapering with a decreasing width 42 and then with a constant width 42.
- the pultrusion channel 9 is bounded by forming walls 46.
- a first heating device 8 is arranged on the pultrusion channel 9 in a direction as shown in FIG.
- a cooling channel 11 is formed on the first cooling device 10, through which a cooling fluid is passed to cool the raw extrudate 41.
- the pultrusion channel 9 is below the drawing plane of FIG , not shown forming wall 46 limited and above the plane of Fig. 1, no shaping wall 46 is present.
- Rohextrudates 41 has no contact with a shaping wall 46 and is only in contact with the ambient air.
- the pultrusion channel 9 is thus partially open above the plane of FIG. 1.
- An arrangement and / or mixture of matrix 44 and fibers 45 is already considered as a raw extrudate 41 before being introduced into the pultrusion channel 9, so that the matrix 44 and the fibers 45 are also referred to as raw extrudate 41 in the entire pultrusion channel 9 and before the pultrusion channel 9 be without or with a material connection between the fibers 45 and the matrix 44th
- the extrusion unit 7 comprises an extrusion channel 15 and the extrusion channel 15 comprises a first conically tapered section and a second section with a constant diameter. At the second portion of the constant diameter extrusion channel 15, a second heater 16 is formed.
- the first and second heating devices 8, 16 are preferably designed as an electrical resistance heater.
- the conveyor 12 comprises a first conveyor wheel 13 and a second conveyor wheel 14, which are driven by an electric motor, not shown.
- the raw extrudate 41 is arranged between the two conveyor belts 13, 14, so that the raw extrudate 41 with the conveyor 12 is pulled out of the pultrusion unit 6 and is inserted into the extrusion unit 7 with the conveyor 12.
- the pultrusion unit 6 and the extrusion unit 7 are connected to one another by means of a connecting part 20, for example a housing only partially illustrated in FIG.
- a connecting part 20 for example a housing only partially illustrated in FIG.
- a supply part 23 is further fixed with three guide holes 24.
- the hybrid yarn 21 consists of a fiber 45 as a glass fiber 45 and further comprises the matrix 44 of a thermoplastic material.
- the matrix 44 as The thermoplastic material is arranged in the hybrid yarn 21 as a fibrous matrix 44 or as a matrix fiber 44.
- the hybrid yarn 21 is bendable and thus can be unrolled from the roll 22.
- a second cooling unit 17 is further attached.
- the second cooling unit 17 comprises a blower 18 and a cooling pipe 19.
- a cutting unit 25 is used for the extrusion unit 7 extruded extrudate 40 as necessary to cut off and thereby produce an end of the extrudate 40 can.
- the extrudate 40 is conveyed first by the pultrusion unit 6 and subsequently by the extrusion unit 7 by means of the conveyor 12 as shown in FIG. however, both operations occur simultaneously due to the length of the bars 2 and the distance between the pultrusion unit 6 and the extrusion unit 7.
- the hybrid yarn 21 is unrolled from the three rollers 22 and inserted into the tapered portion of the pultrusion channel 9.
- the three hybrid yarns 21 are heated with the first heater 8, so that the thermoplastic resin of the matrix 44 melts on the hybrid yarns 21 and thereby the glass fibers 45 in the three hybrid yarns 21 are integrally bonded together by means of the matrix 44 of the thermoplastic material as a process step of the pultrusion.
- a deformation or deformation of the matrix 44 and the fibers 45 or the raw extrudate 41 is carried out so that the raw extrudate 41 emerging from the pultrusion unit 6 has the suitable shape for the extrusion unit 7. Subsequently, the raw extrudate 41 becomes the portion of the
- Pultrusionskanales 9 with the first cooling device 10 is promoted or moved, so that thereby the raw extrudate 41 is cooled and thereby partially hardened.
- the raw extrudate 41 is conveyed or guided into the extrusion unit 7 by the conveying device 12. Due to the cooling of the raw extrudate 41 in the first cooling device 10, the raw extrudate 41 can be conveyed by the conveyor 12.
- the raw extrudate 41 as a composite material 29 with the fibers 45 and the matrix 44 at the portion of the extrusion channel 15 with the constant
- Diameter of the second heater 16 is heated again so far that at the end region in the conveying direction of the extrusion channel 15, the final shaping of the cross-sectional shape of the reinforcing structure 1 to be produced at an opening 60 as the end of the
- Extrusionskanales 15 is formed.
- the opening 60 has a circular cross-sectional shape, thereby characterized by means of
- Process unit 5 reinforcing structures 1 are prepared as extrudates 40 having a circular cross-section. After the extrudate 40 exits the extrusion channel 15 of the extrusion unit 7, ambient air is passed as cooling air to the rod 2 as an extrudate 40 by the fan 18 through the cooling tube 19, so that a faster cooling of the reinforcement structures 1 can be achieved.
- the reinforcement structures 1 produced as extrudates 40 are formed as straight or curved rods 2.
- the rods 2 are produced by the process unit 5 at the required connection position on a base structure 4, so that the process unit 5 is moved on a movement path 26 as a straight line 27 or curved line 27 by means of movement arms 28 of a robot greatly simplified in FIG.
- the trajectory 26 as a straight line 27 or curved line 27 corresponds substantially to the longitudinal axis of the reinforcing structure 1 produced by the process unit 5.
- the reinforcing structure 1 consists of rods 2 of the composite material 29, namely with fibers 45 as glass fibers 45 and the matrix 44 as a thermoplastic material.
- the fibers for. As glass, aramid or carbon fibers, wound up and the matrix as the thermoplastic material is stored separately in a container with a container heating in a heated state and conveyed by means of an unillustrated matrix conveyor to the pultrusion unit 6.
- the pultrusion unit 6 and the extrusion unit 7 can also be designed as only one component, by, for example, immediately after extrusion, extruding, ie. H. the final shaping of an outer side 33 of the rod 2 is carried out as an extrudate 40, without the conveyor 12 being arranged between the extrusion unit 7 and the pultrusion unit 6.
- thermosetting plastic or a plastic is used as a reactive hot melt or reactive hot melt adhesive or reactive melt polymer instead of thermoplastic as the matrix.
- the thermosetting plastic is stored separately in a container and by means of a
- Pultrusion unit 6 supplied.
- the hardening of the thermosetting plastic takes place by means of irradiation or addition of chemical additives.
- the hardening of the plastic as a reactive hotmelt or reactive hotmelt polymer or polymer is in particular due to the heating as a parameter of change during the processing of the matrix in the pultrusion unit 6 and / or in the Extrusion unit 7 executed.
- the hardening of the plastic as a reactive hotmelt can also be carried out by moisture and / or UV light and / or oxygen removal.
- the at least one reinforcing structure 1 is irradiated with UV light by means of a UV light source (not shown).
- the composite tapes are wound on the rollers 22.
- the fibers 45 are already adhesively bonded to the matrix 44 at least partially, in particular completely, so that only a slight cohesive connection between the fibers 45 and the matrix 44 is produced in the pultrusion unit 6 as a rule becomes.
- Preprocessing devices 34, 36, 38 as a tool 34 as a milling tool 35, a basic structure heater 36, for example a laser 37 or an infrared radiator 38, and an adhesive glue adding device 39 are attached to the process unit 5 (shown only in FIG. 2).
- the tool 34, the basic structure heater 36 and the adding device 39 are movable with mechanical means relative to the process unit 5, so that the pre-processing devices 34, 36, 38 can be arranged on different trajectories 26 with different surfaces of basic structures 4 in the required position.
- an elongate recess 32 Before placing the reinforcing structure 1 produced on the process unit 5 on the surface of the basic structure 4, an elongate recess 32 (FIG.
- the recesses 32 in this case have an undercut, so that after cooling and hardening of the composite material 29 with the fibers and the matrix within the recess 32 a positive connection of the rods 2 as Reinforcing structure 1 on the base structure 1, for example, plates 30, is formed.
- the surface of the base structure 4 is heated in the region of the recess 32 with the basic structure heater 36, so that the matrix of the composite material 29 can cohesively connect to the material of the base structure 4 and after cooling and hardening of the composite material 29 and the base structure 4 a solid cohesive connection between the basic structure 4 and the reinforcing structure 1 consists.
- Adhesive 31 is then applied to the surface of the base structure 4 in the region of the recess 32 by means of the adding device 39, in order to connect the reinforcing structure 1 to the base structure 4 in a material-locking manner after placing the reinforcing structure 1 on the basic structure 4 and hardening the adhesive 31.
- the adding device 39 In general, depending on the material of the basic structure 4, only the basic structure heating device 36 or only the adding device 39 is operated. In a basic structure 4 made of metal, for example steel or aluminum, only the adding device 39 and not the basic structure heating device 36 is operated. In the case of a basic structure 4 made of thermoplastic material, it is not the adding device 39 and only the basic structure heating device 36 that are operated.
- FIGS. 5 to 8 show a prior art pultrusion unit 5 of a process unit 5 (not shown) known from the prior art, wherein for reasons of simplicity necessary functional components such as a first heater or a first cooling device are not shown ,
- the raw extrudate 41 is moved through a pultrusion channel 9.
- the circular in the cross-sectional shape and in the direction of movement 54 of the Ro extrudate 41 conically tapering Pultrusionskanal 9 is bounded by a shaping wall 46 of the pultrusion unit 6.
- the entire outer side 51 of the Rohextrudates 41 lies in the section in Fig. 6 to 8 perpendicular to the direction of movement 54 of the Rohextrudates 41 on the shaping wall 46, so that a closed Pultrusionskanal 9 is present.
- FIGS. 9 to 13 show a first exemplary embodiment of the pultrusion unit 6 of the process unit 5 according to the invention.
- necessary functional components such as a first heating device or a first cooling device are not shown.
- a heater (not shown) is formed on the forming walls 46 so that the raw extrudate 41 is heated by the heated forming walls 46 to allow the matrix 44 to be deformed and, optionally, the fibers 45 to be materially bonded to the matrix 44 during pultrusion in the pultrusion unit 6.
- the process steps of deforming the raw extrudate 41 and, preferably, the material-locking connection of the fibers 45 with the matrix 44 are thus carried out.
- the substantially U-shaped pultrusion channel 9 is partially open, so that the raw extrudate 41 rests on the outer side 51 on a first part 52 of the outer side 51 on fixed shaping walls 46 and on a second part 53 of the outer side 51, the outer side 51 no contact has the shaping wall 46, that is only in contact with the ambient air.
- the raw extrudate 41 has the outer side 51 because of the open second part 52 a very small and substantially constant pressure during the movement of the Rohextrudates 41 through the pultrusion channel 6 on.
- the three, in particular in a direction of movement 54 of Rohextrudates 41, fixed shaping walls 46 are perpendicular to the direction of movement 54 of the Rohextrudates 41 perpendicular to each other in the section in Fig. 11 to 13 and two shaping walls 46 are aligned parallel to each other in the section.
- the raw extrudate 41 in the pultrusion channel 9 has a width 42 and a thickness 43.
- the shaping walls 46, which are oriented parallel to one another in the section, are furthermore conically tapered in the direction of movement 54 of the raw extrudate 41 (FIG. 9), so that the width 42 decreases during the movement of the raw extrudate 41 through the pultrusion channel 9 and the thickness 43 increases ( Figures 11 to 13).
- the thickness 43 of the raw extrudate 41 is the extension of the raw extrudate 41 in the direction of the opening of the pultrusion channel 9 and / or in the direction perpendicular to the width 42 of the raw extrudate 41.
- the width 42 of the raw extrudate 41 is the extent of the raw extrudate 41 in the direction perpendicular to the thickness and / or the extent of the Rohextrudates 41 between the two in the section tapered shaping walls 46th.
- the relative speed of movement between the raw extrudate 41 and the three shaping walls 46 corresponds to the speed of movement of the raw extrudate 41, because the three shaping walls 4 are stationary.
- tensioning devices not shown, in particular tension rollers, are formed, which apply a tensile force Fi and F2 to the raw extrudate 41, so that the raw extrudate 41 in the pultrusion unit 6 has a tensile force.
- the tensile force Fi is smaller than the tensile force F2, so that the raw extrudate 41 is moved through the pultrusion channel 9 under a tensile force in the raw extrudate 41, in particular a tensile force in the fibers 45 of the raw extrudate 41.
- the tensioning devices additionally function as deflection devices , in particular deflection rollers, so that the raw extrudate 41 is deflected before being introduced into the pultrusion channel 9 and after being carried out of the pultrusion channel 9 and the raw extrudate 41 is aligned at an angle Cd before insertion and at an angle 02 after being guided.
- the angles ai and 02 are less than 90 °, so that the raw extrudate 41 during insertion and execution is not aligned parallel, but at an acute angle to the direction of movement 54 in the pultrusion channel 9.
- the deflection devices apply a transverse force FQ to the raw extrudate 41 during insertion and removal.
- the lateral force FQ depends on the angles cu and 0 2 .
- FIGS. 14 and 15 show a second embodiment of the pultrusion unit 6 of the process unit 5 according to the invention.
- a roller 55 is arranged at one end portion of the partially open Pultrusionskanales 9.
- the roller 55 is rotatably mounted about a rotation axis 62 and a radial outer surface 63 as a surface of the roller 55 rests on the second part 53 of the outer side 51 of the Rohextrudates 41 and deforms the second part 53.
- the Pultrusionskanales 9 with the Roll 55 a closed pultrusion channel 9 before.
- the axis (not shown) of the roller 55 is provided with a resilient member 56 as a spring 57 with a Pressing force on the second part 53 of the outer side 51 is pressed, so that the radial outer side 63 rests with a compressive force on the second part 53 of the outer side 51 of the Rohextrudates 41. Further, the axis of the roller 55 is mounted in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement 54, so that resting on the Rohextrudat 41 radial outer side 63 of the roller 55 as the first shaping wall 47, the distance 50 to the opposite shaping wall 46 as a second shaping wall 48th changed and thus the cross-sectional area is changed.
- the roller 55 thus also forms a movement wall 49 as a moving forming wall 46.
- the axial extent of the roller 55 is slightly smaller than the width 42 of the Rohextrudates 41 or the distance between the aligned in the cut forming walls 46, so that the role 55 is partially disposed in the pultrusion channel 9. Changes in the cross-sectional area of the raw extrudate 9, in particular due to material tolerances, can thus be absorbed by the movement as translational movement of the roller 55 without the risk of blockages of the raw extrudate 9.
- the first forming wall 47 formed by the radial outer side 63 of the roller 55 carries out the translational movement of the raw extrudate 41 due to the rotational movement of the roller 55 about the axis of rotation, so that there is substantially no relative speed of movement between the rotating radial outer side 63 of the roller 55 and the second Part 53 of the outer side 51 of the Rohextrudates 41 occurs.
- FIGS. 16 and 19 show a third exemplary embodiment of the pultrusion unit 6 of the process unit 5 according to the invention.
- the pultrusion channel 9 is formed by the radial outer sides 63 of three rollers 55.
- the radial outer sides 63 thus have a concave, substantially U-shaped surface 59.
- the width 42 of the pultrusion channel 9 and thus of the raw extrudate 41 decreases from the first roller 55 shown in FIG. 17 to the third roller 55 shown in FIG. 19, and the roller 55 shown in FIG. 18 has an average width 42 between them the first and third roller 55 on.
- rollers 55 Due to the rotational movement of the rollers 55, there is substantially no relative speed of movement between the radial outer side 63 of the rollers 55 and the raw extrudate 41.
- the heated with a heater, not shown Rohextrudat 41 is deformed at the three sections of the Pultrusionskanales 9 of the three rollers 55.
- the rollers 55 are further formed with a further optional heating device, in particular electrical resistance heater, so that the matrix 44 can be heated for the optional cohesive connection with the fibers 45.
- FIG. 20 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of the pultrusion unit 6 of the process unit 5 according to the invention.
- the three sections of the pultrusion channel 9 are bounded by two rollers 55.
- the radial outer sides 63 of the two rollers 55 each of a section are identical and correspond to those in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 16 to 19.
- the concave, substantially U-shaped radial outer sides 63 normally bound each half of the pultrusion channel 9 at a respective section ,
- the radial outer sides 63 of the two rollers 55 each of a portion are normally on each other outside of the substantially U-shaped recesses.
- the axis of a roller 55 each of a section is not movable in space perpendicular to the direction of movement 54 of Rohextrudates 41, so that this roller 55 forms a second shaping wall 48.
- the other roller 55 as the first shaping wall 47 each of a section is pressed with a resilient member 56 as a spring 57 on the roller 55, which forms the second shaping wall 48.
- the axis of the other roller 55 as the first shaping wall 47 is movably mounted in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement 54 of the Rohextrudates 41, so that the roller 55 as the first forming wall 47 additionally forms a movement wall 49, because the distance between the two rollers 55th each of a section can be changed.
- the Cross-sectional area of the raw extrudate 41 is increased in order to avoid blockages of the raw extrudate 41 with material tolerances.
- FIGS. 21 to 24 illustrate different cross-sectional shapes for fixed shaping walls 46 for the essentially u- or v-shaped pultrusion channel 9.
- a top wall 61 and the raw extrudate 41 is shown by dashed lines.
- the raw extrudate 41 has a large distance to the top wall 61, so that even with large material tolerances and a large increase in the cross-sectional area of the raw extrudate 41, the raw extrudate 41 has no contact with the top wall 61, so that also in FIG. 22, a partially open pultrusion channel 9 is present.
- the top wall 61 makes it possible for the raw extrudate 41 or the fibers 45 with the matrix 44 to be more easily inserted into the pultrusion channel 9 during commissioning and the partially open pultrusion channel 9 is protected from contamination and mechanical influences from the outside.
- Figs. 25 and 26 examples of the concave surface 59 of the radially outer side 63 of rollers 55 are shown.
- the recess for the pultrusion channel 9 is substantially U-shaped in FIG. 25 and substantially V-shaped in FIG. 26.
- Figs. 27 and 28 examples of the convex surface 58 of the radially outer side 63 of rollers 55 are shown.
- the convex surface 58 is substantially U-shaped and substantially V-shaped in Fig. 28.
- the rollers 55 shown in FIGS. 27 and 28 enable the second part 53 of the outside 51 of the raw extrudate 41 to be deformed, for example, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 14 and 15.
- FIGS. 29 and 30 show two examples of forming the matrix 44 and fibers 45 as raw extrudate 41 prior to insertion into the pultrusion channel 9.
- the matrix 44 and the fibers 45 are bendable and rolled up on a roll 22.
- FIG. 29 there is a strip which is substantially rectangular in cross-section and in which the fibers 45 are enveloped by the matrix 44 are.
- the matrix 44 is divided into a plurality of strand-shaped parts between which and around which the fibers 45 are arranged.
- Pultrusionskanal 9 allows the safe and reliable pultrusion of raw extrudates 41 even with a small diameter in the range of 0.5 mm without the risk of blockages of Rohextrudates 41 occur in the pultrusion channel 9.
- Material tolerances can temporarily increase the cross-sectional area of the raw extrudate 41, and this enlargement can be achieved by moving a second part 53 of the outer side 51 outwards and / or increasing the distance between the first and second shaping walls 47, 48.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018002544.7A DE102018002544A1 (de) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Extrudates |
PCT/EP2019/000097 WO2019185193A1 (de) | 2018-03-28 | 2019-03-27 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines extrudates |
Publications (1)
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EP3787886A1 true EP3787886A1 (de) | 2021-03-10 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19717224.0A Pending EP3787886A1 (de) | 2018-03-28 | 2019-03-27 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines extrudates |
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US (2) | US11884031B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3787886A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP7329259B2 (de) |
CN (1) | CN111902260B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018002544A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019185193A1 (de) |
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DE102019206435A1 (de) * | 2019-05-06 | 2020-11-12 | Schäfer MWN GmbH | Mehrpunktlenker für ein Fahrwerk eines Fahrzeugs |
DE102019206436A1 (de) * | 2019-05-06 | 2020-11-12 | Schäfer MWN GmbH | Mehrpunktlenker für ein Fahrwerk eines Fahrzeugs |
KR20240003210A (ko) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-08 | 롯데케미칼 주식회사 | 스티프너 제조장치, 이를 이용하는 스티프너 제조방법 |
TWI804438B (zh) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-06-01 | 安能複材科技股份有限公司 | 拉擠纖維板材之拉擠成型機構 |
CN116118235B (zh) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-06-16 | 江苏沃莱新材料有限公司 | 一种型材制作及输送设备 |
CN116590633B (zh) * | 2023-07-18 | 2023-11-03 | 中国机械总院集团宁波智能机床研究院有限公司 | 一种巴氏合金与增强纤维复合材料的制备装置及制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (16)
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NL302406A (de) * | 1962-12-24 | 1900-01-01 | ||
US3389431A (en) | 1965-03-12 | 1968-06-25 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Thermoplastic articles and process and apparatus for making same |
GB2236504A (en) * | 1989-10-07 | 1991-04-10 | Liberato Mascia | Convergent-divergent dies to produce biaxial orientation in plastics products by extrusion or pultrusion |
EP0516673B1 (de) | 1990-02-22 | 1995-12-27 | New Millennium Composites Limited | Faserverstärkte verbundwerkstoffe |
US5114516A (en) * | 1990-10-05 | 1992-05-19 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method for pultruding fiber-reinforced, thermoplastic stock |
US5641529A (en) | 1995-03-15 | 1997-06-24 | The Quaker Oats Company | Extrusion apparatus and method for producing three-dimensional shapes |
DE10319237A1 (de) | 2003-04-30 | 2004-12-02 | Ticona Gmbh | Pultrusionsverfahren und damit hergestellte Artikel |
CH704751B1 (de) | 2004-07-21 | 2012-10-15 | Buss Ag | Schneidvorrichtung für zähplastische Materialien sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb der Schneidvorrichtung. |
US8602766B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 | 2013-12-10 | Nestec S.A. | Rotary forming devices and methods for using such devices |
DE102010002988B4 (de) | 2010-03-17 | 2014-07-17 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Profilbauteilen aus Faserverbundwerkstoff |
JP5504111B2 (ja) | 2010-09-13 | 2014-05-28 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | 保冷容器 |
US8591685B2 (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-11-26 | The Boeing Company | Method and apparatus for producing composite fillers |
US10449737B2 (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2019-10-22 | Ebert Composites Corporation | 3D thermoplastic composite pultrusion system and method |
US10124546B2 (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2018-11-13 | Ebert Composites Corporation | 3D thermoplastic composite pultrusion system and method |
DE102015007317A1 (de) | 2015-06-11 | 2016-12-15 | Florian Eichenhofer | Verfahren zur Verstärkung einer Grundstruktur |
US10150262B2 (en) | 2015-11-20 | 2018-12-11 | The Boeing Company | System and method for cutting material in continuous fiber reinforced additive manufacturing |
-
2018
- 2018-03-28 DE DE102018002544.7A patent/DE102018002544A1/de active Pending
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2019
- 2019-03-27 EP EP19717224.0A patent/EP3787886A1/de active Pending
- 2019-03-27 WO PCT/EP2019/000097 patent/WO2019185193A1/de unknown
- 2019-03-27 US US17/041,285 patent/US11884031B2/en active Active
- 2019-03-27 JP JP2020552261A patent/JP7329259B2/ja active Active
- 2019-03-27 CN CN201980021562.5A patent/CN111902260B/zh active Active
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2024
- 2024-01-29 US US18/425,565 patent/US20240165899A1/en active Pending
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US20210107243A1 (en) | 2021-04-15 |
JP2021519233A (ja) | 2021-08-10 |
DE102018002544A1 (de) | 2019-10-02 |
JP7329259B2 (ja) | 2023-08-18 |
US11884031B2 (en) | 2024-01-30 |
CN111902260A (zh) | 2020-11-06 |
WO2019185193A1 (de) | 2019-10-03 |
US20240165899A1 (en) | 2024-05-23 |
CN111902260B (zh) | 2023-10-27 |
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