Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
  • B63B27/36—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for floating cargo
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
  • B63C7/00—Salvaging of disabled, stranded, or sunken vessels; Salvaging of vessel parts or furnishings, e.g. of safes; Salvaging of other underwater objects
  • B63C7/16—Apparatus engaging vessels or objects
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B41/00—Drop keels, e.g. centre boards or side boards ; Collapsible keels, or the like, e.g. telescopically; Longitudinally split hinged keels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
  • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
  • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
  • B63G8/001—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
  • B63B27/16—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of lifts or hoists
  • B63B2027/165—Deployment or recovery of underwater vehicles using lifts or hoists
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B41/00—Drop keels, e.g. centre boards or side boards ; Collapsible keels, or the like, e.g. telescopically; Longitudinally split hinged keels
  • B63B2041/003—Collapsible keels, or the like, e.g. telescopically; Longitudinally split hinged keels
  • B63B2041/006—Telescopically collapsible keels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
  • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
  • B63G8/001—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations
  • B63G2008/002—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations unmanned
  • B63G2008/004—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations unmanned autonomously operating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
  • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
  • B63G8/001—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations
  • B63G2008/002—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations unmanned
  • B63G2008/005—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations unmanned remotely controlled
  • B63G2008/007—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations unmanned remotely controlled by means of a physical link to a base, e.g. wire, cable or umbilical
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
  • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
  • B63G8/001—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations
  • B63G2008/002—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations unmanned
  • B63G2008/008—Docking stations for unmanned underwater vessels, or the like
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
  • B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
  • B66C13/02—Devices for facilitating retrieval of floating objects, e.g. for recovering crafts from water
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
  • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
  • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
  • B66C23/36—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
  • B66C23/52—Floating cranes

Definitions

• the present invention generally relates to the field of underwater exploration, surveillance and measurement systems, as well as the field of naval defense. It relates more particularly to a system for deploying and recovering underwater, autonomous, preprogrammed and / or teleoperated devices, exploration, detection, surveillance and measurement, as well as naval defense in the aquatic environment. It is applicable in freshwater environment or in marine environment, sea, ocean, lake and more generally in any body of water. It can for example be implemented during sonographic or hydrographic underwater sonographic or seismographic surveys, and exploration and surveillance campaigns using optical, laser or acoustic sensors. Detection campaigns by magnetom beings. Anti-mine campaigns.
• Autonomous underwater vehicles are most often called AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle).
• AUV Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
• Undersea recovery and / or berthing systems are known from the following documents: US 7,854,569, US 2012/167814, JP 2003 02 6090 and WO 2018 065 723, US 2007/051292, SU 1 154,142, US 5,222,454.
• the present invention proposes a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) system, which is thus wire-guided, and which remains under water at the time of operation. deployment and recovery of the submarine autonomous craft. Before deployment and after recovery, the autonomous underwater vehicle is transported by the underwater vehicle. After deployment and before recovery, the autonomous underwater vehicle is separated from the underwater vehicle and can navigate autonomously.
• ROV remotely operated underwater vehicle
• the underwater guided vehicle may be brought back on or in or against the carrier vessel for storage with or, possibly, without its submarine autonomous craft .
• the underwater vehicle is motorized and comprises means for propulsion and guidance, and is able, thanks to stabilization means, to maintain its position under water along all axes, that is to say three axes , ie six degrees of freedom, and is therefore not subject to the movements of the waves and the carrier ship during the deployment and recovery of the submarine autonomous craft because it is diving.
• the underwater vehicle comprises a docking station in or against which at least one autonomous underwater vehicle can come to be housed automatically.
• This dock is generally shaped close to a flared cylinder at the mouth, that is to say in the form of a funnel, and it is equipped with an automated docking system for the submarine autonomous craft.
• This underwater vehicle with docking station can be deployed from a crewed or unmanned carrier ship and in the latter case from a self-propelled or guided or towed freighter.
• the invention relates first of all to a system for deploying and recovering an autonomous underwater vehicle by a surface carrier vessel, the carrier vessel comprising a hull with a hull, the autonomous autonomous vehicle marine having means for propulsion, guidance and stabilization.
• the system comprises, in addition to the carrying vessel, an underwater vehicle guided by a connecting cable connected to the carrying vessel, the underwater vehicle can be placed in two main configurations, a storage configuration where the underwater vehicle is secured to a removable manner to the carrier ship in a storage area of the carrying vessel and a use configuration where the underwater vehicle disassociated from the carrier ship is in the water and away from the storage area of the carrier vessel while remaining connected by the connecting cable to the carrying vessel, said underwater vehicle comprising means for propulsion, guidance and stabilization and a docking station of the autonomous underwater vehicle for a removable attachment of the underwater autonomous vehicle to the underwater vehicle in order to be able to transport the submarine autonomous craft to its place of deployment where it is released the subaquatic vehicle, the underwater vehicle and the autonomous underwater vehicle comprising automated complementary docking means allowing the deployed autonomous underwater vehicle to automatically dock the underwater vehicle docking station during recovery and settle down there.
• the connecting cable is removable from the underwater vehicle
• the connecting cable is intended for the power supply of the underwater vehicle
• the connecting cable is for the power supply, including charging electric batteries, autonomous underwater vehicle.
• the connecting cable is intended for data exchange between the underwater vehicle and the carrier vessel, - the connecting cable is intended for data exchanges between the autonomous underwater vehicle and the carrier vessel via the underwater vehicle,
• the data are measurement and / or control data
• the underwater vehicle is guided by a connecting cable from the carrying vessel,
• the carrier vessel comprises a reel / unwinder for a connecting cable
• the winder / unwinder of the connecting cable is out of water in or on the carrying vessel
• the submarine autonomous craft comprises at least one clean / integrated propulsion means
• the autonomous underwater vehicle comprises at least one clean / integrated guiding means
• the submarine autonomous craft comprises at least one clean / integrated stabilization means
• the means of propulsion, guidance and stabilization of the autonomous underwater vehicle make it possible to control movements with six degrees of freedom
• the underwater vehicle comprises at least one clean / integrated propulsion means
• the underwater vehicle comprises at least one clean / integrated guiding means
• the underwater vehicle comprises at least one clean / integrated stabilization means
• the carrier vessel comprises at least one clean / integrated propulsion means
• the carrier vessel comprises at least one clean / integrated guide means
• the carrier vessel comprises at least one clean / integrated stabilization means
• the means of propulsion and guidance of the carrier vessel make it possible to control displacements with three degrees of freedom
• the propulsion means permit the displacement of the carrier ship, the underwater vehicle, the underwater autonomous machine as the case may be,
• the guide means allow the orientation of the carrier ship, the underwater vehicle, the underwater autonomous machine as the case may be,
• the stabilization means allow the positioning of the carrier ship, the underwater vehicle, the underwater autonomous vehicle as the case may be, the stabilization means allow the fixed point positioning of the carrier ship, the underwater vehicle or the underwater autonomous vehicle, as the case may be,
• the stabilization means allow the positioning in constant displacement and orientation of the carrier ship, the underwater vehicle, the underwater autonomous craft as the case may be, in particular the deployment and the recovery of the autonomous underwater craft which can be carried out while the underwater vehicle is in constant motion and orientation,
• the stabilization means comprise sensors including an inertial unit and a computer for controlling the propulsion and guiding means according to positioning instructions,
• the propulsion means is a mechanical propulsion device which comprises one or more electric and / or internal combustion and / or chemical engines and which drives directly or indirectly one or more propellers or one or more turbines,
• the propulsion device comprises one or more turbines, or propellers,
• the guiding means are chosen from devices of the rudder, fin, shutter or even propellant type,
• the propulsion and guiding means are either separate or combined within single devices, in the latter case these combined means are in particular steerable thrusters,
• the carrier vessel and / or the underwater vehicle and / or the autonomous underwater vehicle comprises / ent guiding devices distinct from the propulsion means, the guiding devices being chosen from amongst others rudders, flaps, flaps,
• the propulsion, guiding and stabilizing means comprise at least one ballast
• the carrier ship does not have clean / integrated propulsion means, the carrier vessel moving through the propulsion means of the underwater vehicle and / or submarine autonomous craft when the latter is in storage configuration with the submarine autonomous craft that has been recovered,
• the carrier ship has no clean / integrated propulsion means, the carrier vessel moving by means of propulsion of the underwater vehicle when the latter is in the storage configuration without the submarine autonomous machine that is deployed, the carrier vessel does not have its own / integrated guide means, the carrier vessel orienting itself by means of guiding means of the underwater vehicle and / or the underwater autonomous machine,
• the submarine autonomous device is pre-programmed or teleoperated / remotely controlled
• the submarine autonomous craft comprises a body
• the submarine autonomous craft comprises a lengthwise elongated body and has a length of between 0.5 m and 8 m,
• the autonomous underwater vehicle has a lengthwise elongated body and has a maximum body width excluding the outer appendage (s) of between 0.07 m and 1.5 m,
• the submarine autonomous craft comprises a lengthwise elongated body
• the submarine autonomous craft comprises at least one fixed or steerable external appendix,
• the submarine autonomous device comprises at least one removable external appendage between a retracted position included in the jig of the body and an extended position outside the body,
• the appendix of the submarine autonomous craft is in particular a flap or a flap
• the elongate body of the autonomous underwater vehicle is substantially cylindrical
• the rear part of the submarine autonomous craft comprises at least one thruster
• the rear part of the autonomous underwater vehicle comprises an orientation means, in particular rudder and / or steerable propeller (s),
• the autonomous underwater vehicle comprises at least one sensor
• the underwater vehicle can surface and float
• the underwater vehicle has a generally elongated spindle shape
• the underwater vehicle has a generally cylindrical and elongated overall shape
• the underwater vehicle has two opposite ends, a front end and a rear end,
• the underwater vehicle does not have a hull and is an open frame / frame structure
• the underwater vehicle comprises a hull
• the hull of the underwater vehicle is substantially cylindrical
• the hull of the underwater vehicle is substantially ovoid, - the hull of the underwater vehicle has vertical flattening, the maximum height of the hull being less than the maximum width of the hull excluding external appendage (s),
• the underwater vehicle has an outer shape that is substantially symmetrical relative to a vertical fore-and-aft vertical plane
• the underwater vehicle has a hull elongated in the length direction and has a length of between 1 m and 8.5 m,
• the underwater vehicle comprises a hull elongated lengthwise and has a maximum width of the hull excluding external appendage (s) of between 0.3 m and 3 m,
• the underwater vehicle has an elongated hull in the longitudinal direction and has a maximum height of the hull excluding the external appendage (s) of between 0.3 m and 3 m,
• the underwater vehicle comprises at least one fixed or steerable external appendage
• the underwater vehicle comprises at least one removable external appendage between a retracted position included in the jig of the hull and a position extended outside the hull,
• the appendix of the underwater vehicle is in particular a fin or a flap
• the rear part of the underwater vehicle comprises at least one thruster
• the rear part of the underwater vehicle comprises an orientation means, in particular a rudder and / or steerable thruster (s),
• the underwater vehicle comprises several thrusters that can be rotated according to several degrees of freedom
• the underwater vehicle comprises at least one sensor
• said at least one sensor of the underwater vehicle is directional
• the directional sensor is chosen from a sonar, an optical detector, a camera, a camera, an inertial device, an electronic compass,
• the underwater vehicle comprises at least one attitude sensor
• the underwater vehicle is intended to carry out acoustic measurements and it comprises acoustic measurement systems comprising transducers for transmitting and receiving acoustic waves,
• the carrying vessel is a surface ship
• the carrying vessel comprises a hull with a hull
• the carrier vessel is substantially symmetrical with respect to a front-rear vertical median plane
• the carrying vessel has a crew
• the carrier ship is a drone
• the carrier ship is preprogrammed and / or teleoperated / remotely controlled
• the carrier vessel comprises a programmable controller for running / trajectory control
• the carrier vessel comprises at least one fixed or steerable external appendix
• the carrying vessel comprises at least one removable external appendage between a retracted position included in the jig of the hull and a position extended outside the hull,
• the submerged appendage of the carrier vessel is a keel and the underwater vehicle is stored at the lower end of the keel
• the underwater vehicle in the storage configuration of the underwater vehicle, the underwater vehicle is placed in a storage area of the carrying vessel, the storage area being, depending on the case, in the water / flooded or out of water or partly out of water ,
• the underwater vehicle in the storage configuration of the underwater vehicle, the underwater vehicle is placed in a storage area of the carrying vessel, the storage area is chosen from a setback recessed from the hull or an appendage of the hull of the carrying vessel, one end an attachment of the hull of the carrying vessel, a location at least partly submerged on or under a submerged bottom of the carrying vessel, an out-of-water position of the carrying ship,
• the underwater vehicle in the configuration of use of the underwater vehicle, the underwater vehicle is underwater and far from the storage area of the carrying vessel,
• the underwater vehicle in the storage configuration of the underwater vehicle, the underwater vehicle is placed partly out of water on or in the carrying vessel, the immersed part of the underwater vehicle in the storage configuration being that comprising the propulsion means of the underwater vehicle,
• the underwater vehicle in the storage configuration of the underwater vehicle, the underwater vehicle is placed in a recess formed in the hull of the carrying vessel, the underwater vehicle remaining submerged in a storage configuration, under the carrying vessel,
• the underwater vehicle in the storage configuration of the underwater vehicle, the underwater vehicle is disposed against an end of an appendix of the carrying vessel, said end being below the waterline of the carrier vessel so that the underwater vehicle remains submerged in a storage configuration, preferably the appendage being a keel of the carrying vessel and the end of the appendage is at the lower end of the keel,
• the keel-type appendage of the carrying vessel is fixed or removable and the underwater vehicle is positioned against the fixed or removable keel of the carrying vessel in storage configuration
• the lower end of the keel also comprises a measuring bulb or gondola comprising underwater measuring apparatus, the underwater vehicle being positioned against the bulb or the gondola in the storage configuration,
• the underwater vehicle in the underwater vehicle storage configuration, the underwater vehicle is placed in a recess formed in an appendage of the carrying vessel, said recess being below the waterline of the carrying vessel so that the underwater vehicle remains submerged in the storage configuration,
• the appendage with a recess is a keel of the carrying vessel and the recess is located at the lower end of the keel,
• the appendix with a recess is a keel bulb or a bottom end of the keel
• the gondola or the bulb comprise at least one acoustic antenna and, optionally, any other type of sensor,
• the carrying vessel comprises on its hull a recess for storing the underwater vehicle, the underwater vehicle remaining submerged in the storage configuration, against the hull and under the carrying vessel,
• the recess and the underwater vehicle have such shapes that the underwater vehicle is stored in the recess so that the hydrodynamic drag of the carrier vessel is changed by less than 40% in relation to the same carrier but without recess and not storing underwater vehicle,
• the propulsion means of the underwater vehicle is disposed at the rear of said underwater vehicle and the carrier vessel has a rear end wall and the recess is open on the rear end wall of the carrier vessel so that when the underwater vehicle is stored in the recess, the propulsion means of the underwater vehicle is disposed further back than the rear end wall of the carrying vessel and can participate in the propulsion of said vessel,
• the shapes of the recess of the hull and the underwater vehicle are adapted so that in storage configuration, the resistance to the advancement of the carrier is low, - In storage configuration, the underwater vehicle is secured to the carrier in the recess of the hull of the carrying vessel,
• the connecting cable passes through the hull of the carrying vessel through a passage well opening into the recess
• the propulsion means and possibly guidance and / or stabilization of the underwater vehicle participate, when activated, the propulsion of the carrier and possibly to the orientation and / or stabilization,
• the carrier ship does not include a keel
• the carrier ship has a hull lengthened longitudinally from the rear to the front and has a port side edge (G) and a starboard side edge (D) floating and a submerged bottom connected to both side edges, the two side edges floating and the submerged bottom defining an interior space of the carrier vessel, the interior space being submerged at least partly rearward, and the two rear ends of the floating side edges are separated by an opening towards the rear of the carrier vessel, limited opening towards the low by the submerged bottom, and the submerged bottom further comprises at least one elongate slot longitudinally open rearward and intended for the passage of a lower axial flap of the underwater vehicle and the carrier vessel is configured so that at least the part front of the underwater vehicle can engage the interior space with the lower axial flap engaging in the nte through the rear end of the slot,
• the submerged bottom in the aft part of the carrying vessel is a ramp for launching and recovering the underwater vehicle
• the two floating lateral edges do not meet towards the front of the carrying vessel in order to form a central-section catamaran having a submerged bottom
• the carrier ship has a hull lengthened longitudinally from the rear to the front and has a port side edge (G) and a starboard side edge (D) floating and a submerged bottom connected to both side edges, the two side edges floating and the submerged bottom defining an interior space of the carrier vessel, the interior space being submerged at least partly rearward, and the two rear ends of the floating side edges are separated by an opening towards the rear of the carrier vessel, limited opening towards the bottom by the submerged bottom, and the submerged bottom further comprises at least one elongated slot longitudinally open rearwardly and for passage of a lower axial flap of the underwater vehicle capable of surfacing and the carrier vessel is configured such that at least the forward portion of the subaqueous vehicle capable of surfacing having the lower axial flap can float within the interior space with the lower axial flap engaging the slot through the rear end of the slot,
• the carrier vessel has an elongate hull longitudinally from the rear to the front and has a port side edge (G) and a starboard side edge (D) floating and a bottom submerged at least partly rear, that is a bottom at least partially embedded and below the waterline, connected to the two lateral edges, the two floating lateral edges and the submerged bottom defining an interior space of the carrying vessel, the said interior space being at least partially submerged, and the two rear ends of the floating lateral edges are separated by an opening towards the rear of the carrier vessel, opening limited downwards by the submerged bottom, and the submerged bottom further comprises at least one elongated slot longitudinally open towards the rear and intended for the passage of an axial fin of the underwater vehicle, said fin being lower and extended down below the underside of the underwater vehicle in the case where the underwater vehicle is intended to be stored in the interior space on the bottom of the carrying vessel and / or said fin being upper and extended upward on the top of the underwater vehicle in the case where the underwater vehicle is to be stored under the bottom of the carrier vessel, said
• the underwater vehicle comprises an upper axial flap and a lower axial flap
• the underwater vehicle comprises either an upper axial flap or a lower axial flap
• the axial fin has at its upper end for the upper axial flap or at its lower end for the lower axial flap enlargement preventing the output of the axial flap out of the slot by vertical translation, once the flap engaged in the slot,
• the underwater vehicle fully engages inside the inner space of the carrying vessel in storage configuration
• the submerged bottom has portions of complementary shape to the adjacent shape of the hull of the underwater vehicle
• the rear of the longitudinally elongate slot of the submerged bottom through which the axial fin is introduced during the engagement of the underwater vehicle within the interior space of the carrying vessel has a funnel or Y-shape with an enlarged input inlet towards the rear,
• the front of the longitudinally elongated slot of the submerged bottom is closed and forms a stop for the axial fin of the underwater vehicle in order to limit the engagement of the underwater vehicle within the interior space of the carrying vessel,
• the longitudinally elongated slot of the submerged bottom comprises a position-locking means which is removable so as to allow the slot to be closed at the rear of the axial fin once the underwater vehicle has been engaged inside the interior space of the carrier ship,
• the longitudinally elongate slot of the submerged bottom comprises a position-locking means which is removable so as to allow the slot to be closed at the rear of the axial fin once the underwater vehicle is fully engaged inside the space inside the carrying ship,
• the edges of the elongated slot longitudinally of the submerged bottom are covered with at least one damping material
• the carrying vessel comprises an hull at least partially inflatable
• the port side edge (G) and the starboard side edge (D) floating on the hull of the carrying vessel consist of at least one inflated bead, possibly compartmentalized,
• the carrying vessel has inflatable and deflatable airbags in the interior space, said inflated cushions being intended to support and / or maintain and / or block the underwater vehicle in the interior space,
• the airbags and deflatable airbags are arranged on the bottom,
• the inflatable and deflatable airbags are arranged against the inflated bead forming the lateral edges
• the carrier ship has a solid, rigid hull
• the carrier vessel comprises a keel
• the keel is a measuring keel with at least measuring instruments
• the keel is a storage keel of the underwater vehicle, the underwater vehicle can be fixed removably on the keel,
• the keel is a keel for measurement and storage
• the carrier vessel is monohull
• the carrying vessel comprises a hull with a hull, the hull being surmounted by a bridge, the hull being elongated between a bow and a stern in a longitudinal direction of the carrying vessel,
• the bridge corresponds to the upper level, out of water, in the open air, of the carrying vessel
• the carrying vessel is a wave-piercing ship
• the hull of the carrying vessel is substantially fusiform with a tapered bow to form the monocoque wave-piercing vessel
• the bridge has a convex surface upwards
• the monohull wave-piercing carrier vessel comprises a weighted keel
• the unibody wave piercing vessel has a configuration that allows it to navigate at speeds corresponding to a Froude number greater than 0.45
• the number of Froude is the ratio between the length of the hull and the speed
• the monohull wave-piercing vessel has a total width to total length ratio of less than 0.2 and a maximum length of less than 20 meters, the length and width of which are respectively considered in the longitudinal direction of the carrier vessel and a perpendicular horizontal transverse direction in the longitudinal direction,
• the monohull wave-piercing vessel has a ratio of the height above the waterline of the hull as a float and its possible appendages, hence excluding any kiosk, on the height below the waterline the hull acting as float and excluding any appendages, therefore off keel, which is less than 0.8 and greater than 0.1,
• the monohull wave-piercing carrier vessel is at least 2.5 meters in length
• the carrier ship has a fixed keel
• the carrier ship has a removable keel
• the removable keel can be raised by translation from bottom to top
• the keel is removable and can be reassembled at least partly through the hull by translating from bottom to top or conversely down below the hull,
• the carrying vessel comprises at its lower part a removable keel and at its upper part a kiosk erected above the deck, the removable keel being able to be lowered under the hull and reassembled at least partly through the hull, the removable keel comprising a lower end and an upper end, the kiosk internally has a keel storage space and the removable keel and kiosk keel storage space are arranged in alignment so that the removable keel can be upwardly translated upward at least in part in the storage space keel of the kiosk, in order to be able to raise the underwater vehicle against the hull of the carrying vessel and preferably in a recess of the hull of the carrying vessel,
• the removable keel and the kiosk keel storage space have aligned main axes which are vertical
• the removable keel and the kiosk keel storage space have main axes in alignment which are inclined with respect to the vertical
• the removable keel and the kiosk keel storage space have main axes in alignment which are perpendicular to the main longitudinal extension of the carrying vessel,
• the removable keel and the kiosk keel storage space have main axes in alignment which are inclined with respect to the main longitudinal extension of the carrying vessel,
• the main axis of the kiosk and the main axis of the kiosk keel storage space are parallel and preferably colinear,
• the kiosk has at its low part the keel storage space and at the top of the equipment,
• the hull of the carrier ship has a keel well allowing at least the passage downhill and up the removable keel,
• the kiosk keel storage space is in alignment with a keel well opening from the hull down and whose walls rise above the waterline of the carrier, the removable keel slidable in said well keel,
• the carrying vessel comprises sealing means between the connecting portion of the removable keel and the hull in order to create in the keel well a space below the waterline that is out of water,
• a flexible, tight skirt is extended between the upper end of the removable keel and the hull of the carrying vessel,
• a flexible, watertight skirt is extended between the lower end of the connecting portion of the removable keel and the hull of the carrying vessel,
• the soft skirt is an accordion skirt
• the flexible skirt is elastic, - the kiosk is partly intended to receive the removable keel and kiosk keel storage space represents at least 75% of the overall volume of the kiosk,
• the height of the kiosk on the deck or superstructure of the carrier is such that the top of the carrier is at a minimum altitude of 1.5 meters above the deck when the carrier is vertical
• the kiosk can be closed over its entire surface
• the kiosk can be opened on part of its surface
• the kiosk has an aerodynamic shape
• the keel has a hydrodynamic shape
• the fixed or removable keel comprises at its lower end a bulb or a gondola, the bulb or the gondola comprising a recess for the storage of the underwater vehicle,
• the fixed or removable keel comprises at its lower end a longitudinally elongated bulb or gondola and connected to the upper end of the keel by a connecting portion of the keel of longitudinal extension less than the longitudinal extension of the bulb or the gondola,
• the bulb or the gondola comprises at least measuring instruments
• the carrier vessel comprises an attitude measurement unit comprising attitude measurement sensors,
• the attitude measuring sensors are arranged in or against the bulb or the gondola of the keel,
• the carrier vessel is intended to carry out acoustic measurements and comprises acoustic measurement systems comprising transducers for transmitting and receiving acoustic waves,
• the sound wave emission and reception transducers are arranged in or against the bulb or the gondola of the keel,
• the bulb or the gondola has an upper face facing upwards and the hull and a bottom face facing down and the hull has a recess at the connection of the hull to the removable keel, said recess can accommodate at least the upper face of the bulb or gondola when the removable keel is raised, -
• the recess of the hull can accommodate the entire bulb or gondola when the removable keel is raised, the bulb or the gondola then being included in the general gauge of the hull of the carrying vessel,
• the recess of the hull can house the entire bulb or gondola and at least part of the underwater vehicle when the removable keel is raised, the bulb or the gondola and the underwater vehicle then being included in the general gauge of the hull of the carrier ship,
• the carrier vessel comprises an attitude measuring unit comprising attitude measuring sensors and at least attitude measuring sensors are arranged in or against the bulb or the gondola of the keel,
• the maximum width of the connecting portion of the keel is less than or equal to the maximum width of the bulb or gondola, the maximum length of the connecting portion being less than the maximum length of the bulb or gondola, said length and width being respectively considered in the longitudinal direction of the carrier vessel and a horizontal transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction,
• the ratio of the maximum width of the connecting part to the maximum width of the bulb or of the gondola is between 0.05 and 0.5
• the connecting part of the keel has a substantially identical length over its entire height
• the connecting part of the keel has a substantially identical maximum width over its entire height
• the connecting part of the keel has a uniform cross section over its height
• the cross section of the connecting part of the keel is circular, ovoid or fusiform
• the underwater vehicle in the storage configuration of the underwater vehicle, the underwater vehicle is placed out of water on or in the carrying vessel, said carrying vessel comprising an underwater vehicle recovery device,
• the underwater vehicle in the storage configuration of the underwater vehicle, the underwater vehicle is placed out of water on the deck of the carrying vessel,
• the underwater vehicle recovery device comprises a launch and recovery / haul ramp
• the device for recovering the underwater vehicle comprises a gantry crane or a towing crane,
• the carrying vessel comprises a device for recovering the underwater vehicle enabling it to be taken out of the water and, conversely, to put the said underwater vehicle in the water
• the underwater vehicle and the carrying vessel comprise complementary, unlockable locking means for detachably coupling or securing the underwater vehicle to the carrying vessel so that, in the storage configuration, the underwater vehicle to the carrier ship,
• the locking means ensure complete securing of the underwater vehicle to the carrying vessel
• the underwater vehicle has a generally elongated shape along a main axis of the machine, said general shape defining a machine gauge, and the docking station of the autonomous underwater vehicle is disposed in a payload chamber having a generally elongate shape along a main axis of the enclosure, the autonomous underwater vehicle being housed in said payload enclosure,
• the payload enclosure is open to the outside
• the underwater vehicle comprises at least one payload enclosure, each enclosure comprising at least one docking station for an autonomous underwater vehicle,
• the payload chamber is a lateral opening in the hull of the underwater vehicle and the autonomous underwater vehicle approaches or leaves the docking station of the underwater vehicle laterally to the latter,
• the side opening is port, starboard or inferior
• the payload chamber comprises a rear longitudinal end opening of the hull of the underwater vehicle and the submarine autonomous vehicle approaches or leaves the underwater vehicle docking station by the rear of the underwater vehicle,
• the payload chamber comprises a front longitudinal end opening of the hull of the underwater vehicle and the autonomous underwater vehicle approaches or leaves the docking station of the underwater vehicle by the front of the latter,
• the payload chamber comprises a wall comprising a slot for guiding an axial fin of the submarine autonomous craft, in order to allow the guidance of the autonomous underwater vehicle when it enters the enclosure to reach the docking station,
• the autonomous underwater vehicle partially engages inside the payload chamber, the rear part of the autonomous underwater vehicle coming out of said enclosure,
• the docking station allows a removable attachment of the underwater autonomous vehicle to the underwater vehicle, the docking station and the autonomous underwater vehicle comprise complementary automated docking means enabling the deployed autonomous underwater vehicle to automatically dock the docking station during the recovery of the autonomous machine submarine.
• the invention also proposes an underwater vehicle specially configured for the system of the invention.
• the underwater vehicle can be made according to all the mentioned modalities.
• the invention also proposes a carrier vessel specially configured for the system of the invention.
• the carrier ship can be made in any of the ways mentioned and is a surface ship.
• the invention also proposes a docking station for an autonomous underwater vehicle adaptable to an existing underwater vehicle in order to realize the system of the invention from an existing underwater vehicle, said existing underwater vehicle being guided by a connecting cable connected to a carrier ship, said docking station allowing a removable attachment of the underwater autonomous vehicle to the underwater vehicle in order to be able to transport the autonomous underwater vehicle to its place of deployment where it is freed from the underwater vehicle, the docking station and the autonomous underwater vehicle comprising automated complementary docking means allowing the autonomous underwater vehicle to automatically dock the docking station during the recovery of the underwater autonomous craft.
• the invention finally relates to a method for deploying and recovering an underwater autonomous craft by a surface-carrying vessel, the carrying vessel comprising a hull with a hull, the autonomous underwater vehicle comprising a propulsion means, in a which method is implemented the system of the invention with an underwater vehicle guided by a connecting cable connected to the carrier, said underwater vehicle comprising means for propulsion, guidance and stabilization and a docking station of the autonomous machine underwater vehicle for detachable attachment of the underwater autonomous vehicle to the underwater vehicle, the underwater vehicle can be placed in two main configurations, a storage configuration where the underwater vehicle is secured in a removable manner to the carrier ship in a storage area of the carrying vessel and a configuration of use where the underwater vehicle disconnected from the carrying vessel is at the water and away from the storage area of the carrying vessel while remaining connected by the connecting cable to the carrier ship, and for deployment, it releases from the docking station the submarine autonomous craft when the underwater vehicle is in diving and in configuration of use, and for the recovery, one recovers automatically in the station host submarine autonomous vehicle when the underwater vehicle is
• the deployment and recovery of the submarine autonomous craft are simplified since it is no longer necessary to have to manipulate it to release it or to grab / grip it in the water from a ship that is subject to the movements of the sea, gusts of wind ...
• the autonomous underwater vehicle is recovered or released under water, from the underwater vehicle that is connected by a cable to the ship carrier, thus allowing a decoupling of the respective movements of the underwater vehicle and the carrier vessel.
• the underwater vehicle comprises means including stabilization facilitating the action of automated docking means between the underwater vehicle and the submarine autonomous craft.
• Recovery for storage of the underwater vehicle on or in or under the carrier vessel and its launching / release are also particularly simple because of the wired connection cable between the carrier and the underwater vehicle: it is sufficient to roll up or unroll the cable as appropriate.
• FIG. 1 represents a first example of a system according to the invention with a wave-piercing carrier vessel with a keel in the storage configuration of the underwater vehicle, the latter having / carrying its underwater autonomous machine,
• FIG. 2 represents the first example of a system being deployed for use, the underwater vehicle with its autonomous underwater vehicle being separated from the carrying vessel while remaining connected therewith for filoguidance,
• FIG. 3 represents the first example of a system being deployed for use, the underwater vehicle being separated from the carrying vessel while remaining connected thereto for filoguidance, but this time with the autonomous underwater vehicle being separated. or docking the underwater vehicle,
• FIG. 4 represents, for the first example of a system, another deployment modality with this time the underwater vehicle in storage configuration during the separation or berthing of the underwater vehicle,
• FIG. 5 represents a second example of a system according to the invention with a carrier vessel comprising a device for recovering the underwater vehicle to get it out of the water in the storage configuration
• FIG. 6 represents the second example of a system according to the invention being deployed, the underwater vehicle with its autonomous underwater vehicle being separated from the carrying vessel and having been launched,
• FIG. 7 represents the second example of a system according to the invention being deployed, but this time with the underwater vehicle separated from the underwater autonomous machine,
• FIG. 8 represents a third example of a system according to the invention with a carrying vessel comprising a submerged bottom making it possible to recover the underwater vehicle in an interior space of the carrying vessel, the interior space being submerged at least in its rear part,
• FIG. 9 represents a fourth example of a system according to the invention with a carrying vessel comprising a hull with a recess hull allowing the underwater vehicle to be stored against the hull,
• FIG. 10 represents a system derived from the second example in which the underwater vehicle is of a different type, without a hull, and is an open frame / frame structure, the underwater vehicle with its autonomous underwater vehicle being stored on the carrier deck, in storage configuration, and
• FIG. 11 shows an enlarged partial view of the implementation of the system of Figure 10, this time in use configuration, the autonomous underwater vehicle being deployed (or conversely, recovery).
• the carrier vessel 2 is a wave-piercing monocoque surface vessel which comprises a keel 20 for stabilizing it.
• the unibody piercing vessel 2 has a keel 20 which is useful for its operation. stability because the latter has a very slender / fusiform shape unlike conventional mechanical propulsion vessels.
• This monocoque wave-piercing vessel is particularly intended for acoustic measurements in water and is not intended to "fly" over water, its keel including, in addition to the underwater vehicle transported, measuring devices to stay in the water. It must be able to pierce the waves with a bow 25 knife edge while sailing at a high speed and with a reduced energy expenditure.
• This carrier vessel 2 is unmanned and is autonomous because pre-programmed and / or teleoperated / remotely controlled in particular regarding its navigation. he has integrated navigation means which are particularly useful in the case of a drone.
• the carrying vessel 2 has a removable keel which comprises at its lower end, immersed, a gondola 21 forming a storage area for an underwater vehicle 3.
• Sensors, particularly acoustic 27, are fixed against the gondola 21
• the gondola may be replaced by a bulb containing or supporting underwater measuring devices and which bulb then comprises the storage area of the underwater vehicle 3.
• an autonomous underwater vehicle 4 is installed in the underwater vehicle 3.
• Such a configuration where the underwater vehicle 3 is stored on the carrying vessel may correspond to an end of mission / use or to a trip to an area of use where the autonomous underwater craft 4 may be released.
• the carrier vessel 2 comprises propulsion means, here propeller 23, and a guide device 24 to the rudder type.
• the carrying vessel 2 comprises a booth 22 out of water, above the waterline, with devices 26 in particular for measurements and / or communications, particularly in the case where the carrier ship is remotely controlled by radio waves. .
• the keel 20 is removable and it can go up and down through a keel well of the hull of the carrying vessel.
• the kiosk 22 is in the axis of the keel 20 and this kiosk is also used to house internally the upper end of the keel 20 raised in a keel storage space of the kiosk.
• the system 1 has moved into a configuration of use in which the underwater vehicle 3 is separated from the carrier vessel 2.
• a connecting cable 5 connects the carrier vessel 2 to the underwater vehicle 3 so that the latter is teleoperated / wire-guided.
• This figure may correspond to the beginning of the use and the autonomous underwater vehicle 4 will then be released, or correspond to the end of the use after the recovery of the autonomous underwater vehicle 4 in the underwater vehicle 3, the system then going into storage configuration when the underwater vehicle 3 is again attached to the carrier vessel 2.
• the system 1 is still in use configuration and this time the underwater autonomous vehicle 4 is released from the underwater vehicle 3 or, conversely, back in the latter to be recovered.
• Figure 4 shows a variant in which the release or recovery of the autonomous underwater vehicle 4 can be done while the underwater vehicle is attached to the carrier ship as in the storage configuration.
• This variant can be used in the case where the carrier ship is not subject to movements, that is to say that it is on a stretch of calm water, without wave or swell.
• the autonomous underwater vehicle 4 is, as its name suggests, a device that moves independently of the underwater vehicle 3 when it has been released, unlike the underwater vehicle 3 which remains connected by a cable to the carrier ship.
• the autonomous underwater vehicle 4 therefore comprises helical propulsion means in this example and guide means as well as, preferably, stabilizing means.
• the actions of the guiding propulsion means and possibly the stabilization of the autonomous underwater vehicle are preprogrammed and / or teleoperated / remote controlled. These actions may also depend on measurements made by sensors.
• the propulsion and guiding means of the autonomous underwater vehicle may be either separate or combined, in the latter case these means may be steerable thrusters. It can also be provided that the direction of rotation of the propeller or turbine of the propulsion device and possibly guidance, can be reversed.
• the underwater vehicle 3 comprises propulsion and guiding means, for example rotatable for jet / reaction or variable jet deflection, and stabilization means for stabilizing the underwater vehicle along three axes.
• FIG. 5 there is shown a second example of a system 1 'whose carrier vessel 6 is a more conventional surface vessel here bicoque, catamaran type, but which can be monocoque in a variant.
• This time in the storage configuration, the underwater vehicle 3 is raised, out of water, on the deck 60 of the carrier vessel 6.
• This carrier vessel 6 comprises a superstructure 61 for a crew providing navigation.
• the carrier vessel 6 comprises a device for recovering the underwater vehicle to get out of the water and, conversely, to launch the said underwater vehicle.
• This recovery device is a gantry 62 and a motorized winch 63 for winding and unrolling the connecting cable 5 between the underwater vehicle 3 and the carrier vessel 6.
• This gantry recovery device 62 also allows the launching of the vehicle underwater.
• FIG. 8 shows a third example of a system 1 "whose carrier vessel 7 is a particular surface vessel in that it comprises a submerged / flooded bottom 76 which has a slot 73 in which an axial fin 30, here below, the underwater vehicle can slide. Depending on the depth of the submerged bottom 76, the vehicle can remain underwater in storage configuration.
• the two lateral edges 74 and 75 of the floating carrier 7 define with the bottom 76 a submerged interior space 72, open towards the rear, storage of the underwater vehicle 3 and its autonomous underwater vehicle 4.
• a vehicle can be provided underwater 3 which can surface and float in case the depth of the bottom 76 would be lower.
• the underwater vehicle 3 is stored under the bottom 76, below the hull of the carrying vessel, and the axial fin is an upper fin that can slide in the slot 73.
• the bottom 76 can be configured to form a recess of the hull in which the underwater vehicle is placed.
• the bottom which is partially submerged is a launching and recovery ramp and in storage configuration the underwater vehicle can be totally out of the water by the ramp or, only, its front part out of the water, the latter case being useful if one wants to use the means of propulsion and possibly guidance, the underwater vehicle to drive the carrier ship or help her to move, the means of propulsion of the underwater vehicle, but also the autonomous autonomous vehicle sailor, staying in the water.
• One or more doors can be provided at the rear of the carrying vessel to close the interior space to the rear.
• the lateral edges 74, 75 floating may consist of inflatable tubes for making a removable and collapsible carrier.
• the carrying vessel 8 comprises a hull 84 whose hull comprises a recess 80 making it possible to store the underwater vehicle 3 in the storage configuration against the keel / hull, the underwater vehicle being able to in certain ways, participate in the propulsion of the carrier ship, especially in the case where the rear wall 82 of the carrier ship is open at the recess.
• the connecting cable coming from the carrier vessel opens through a well of cable 81 in the recess in the case where it arrives on the top of the underwater vehicle but in other ways, it can pass through another path, especially if the cable arrives on the underwater vehicle from the front or the bottom.
• a winder / unwinder 83 of connecting cable 5 is arranged on the deck of the carrier ship.
• the underwater vehicle exemplified heretofore is of the hull type, but in other embodiments, it may have a different structure and in particular, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, be of type frame / frame 32 and open structure.
• FIGS. 10 and 11 we see the means of propulsion, guiding and stabilization and in particular the steerable propellers 31 inside the frame 32 of the open structure of the underwater vehicle 3 '.
• the internal equipment of the underwater vehicle 3 ' is also visible within this open structure.
• the mouth 33 of the docking station has a funnel shape which is better visible. figure 11.
• the system of the invention allows the deployment and the recovery of an autonomous underwater vehicle by a surface carrier ship in optimal conditions since the deployment and especially the recovery are done while the underwater autonomous machine is under the surface of the water and is therefore not subject to wave or wave movements in contrast to the carrier ship.
• the autonomous underwater vehicle 4 is configured to dock and return at least partially in the underwater vehicle 3 wireguided, the latter being maintained in a stable attitude during this operation.
• This docking operation can also be carried out while the carrier ship and the autonomous underwater vehicle are in motion and it is planned a docking up to speeds of 7 knots.
• the underwater vehicle with its submarine autonomous craft is stored out of water, on the deck of the carrying ship, in storage configuration, it must first be set to water the underwater vehicle with its autonomous underwater vehicle thanks to the recovery / launching device with its gantry 62 and the motorized winch 63 of the carrying vessel. After launching, the underwater vehicle is guided by the cable 5 and is brought to a dive where you want to release the docking station autonomous underwater vehicle. Once the submarine freighter freed, it can perform the missions that were planned for him. Once these missions are complete, the autonomous underwater vehicle can automatically dock the underwater vehicle docking station for its recovery, while the underwater vehicle is underwater. For this automatic docking, additional means of automated docking are implemented between the underwater vehicle and the autonomous underwater vehicle.
• a single submarine autonomous vehicle 4 per underwater vehicle 3 but can be provided two or more.
• a single underwater vehicle 3 per carrier vessel 2, 6, 7 but can be provided two or more.
• Other methods of implementation are possible. If, preferably and as shown, the autonomous underwater vehicle 4 docked and left the underwater vehicle 3 from the rear of the latter, it is possible to provide lateral or forward docking of the underwater vehicle 3.
• material means for the system to have a low resistance to advancement on and / or under water and, for this purpose, it can provide a removable door to close the docking station of the submarine autonomous craft in which the autonomous underwater vehicle 4 docked.
• the bulb and the gondola just like the underwater vehicle, have hydrodynamic forms.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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• 2018
  • 2018-04-27 FR FR1853733A patent/FR3080601B1/fr active Active
• 2019
  • 2019-04-26 WO PCT/FR2019/050990 patent/WO2019207263A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2019-04-26 US US17/050,588 patent/US11697478B2/en active Active
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