Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
  • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
  • H02K7/1163—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears where at least two gears have non-parallel axes without having orbital motion
  • H02K7/1166—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears where at least two gears have non-parallel axes without having orbital motion comprising worm and worm-wheel
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
  • H02K1/141—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of C-shaped cores
  • H02K1/143—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of C-shaped cores of the horse-shoe type
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
  • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
  • H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
  • H02K11/215—Magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-effect or magneto-resistive elements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
  • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
  • H02K11/38—Control circuits or drive circuits associated with geared commutator motors of the worm-and-wheel type
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/06—Means for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
  • H02K7/081—Structural association with bearings specially adapted for worm gear drives
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
  • H02P3/02—Details of stopping control
  • H02P3/025—Details of stopping control holding the rotor in a fixed position after deceleration
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K2211/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to measuring or protective devices or electric components
  • H02K2211/03—Machines characterised by circuit boards, e.g. pcb

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of linear actuators for driving a movable member such as, for example, the shutter of an EGR valve and more generally a member to remain in a position against a load, consuming energy minimal electrical or even zero.
• the control is provided by a transmission rod transmitting effort from a geared motor to a body to be controlled.
• Valves implanted for many years on engines with exhaust gas recirculation are generally controlled by means of a pneumatic cylinder.
• This actuating device has the advantage of compactness, mass with a high level of force, but it requires an expensive pneumatic circuit and a vacuum pump operating continuously.
• This pneumatic control maintaining the closed position of the shutter is achieved without difficulty given the permanent vacuum created by the vacuum pump.
• This vacuum pump will most likely be removed on future automotive platforms and it therefore becomes important to find an alternative to this pneumatic cylinder, based on a purely electric actuation.
• WO2014 / 173667 discloses an electric actuator for linearly moving an organ by means of a screw movable helically with a geared motor.
• the technical solution presented is interesting and relevant but the document does not specify how the organ is linked to the application or the flap to be moved. It gives no incentive to limit the power consumption of the actuator when the shutter to be controlled is in the closed position.
• None of the actuation solutions of the prior art can replace the current pneumatic solution retaining its compactness advantages, reduced mass, and having a high blocking force with an ability to cash the pulsations of large gases .
• These pulsations are indeed derived from cylinders very close to said valve under high temperatures, up to 140 °, and are transmitted by the control rod of the shutter of the valve.
• none of the solutions of the prior art provides for these blocking functions without inducing significant power consumption.
• the solution presented in WO2017 / 068285 is interesting for this purpose, but they are not very controllable because of the highly non-linear force laws and they have a relatively low mass density of force.
• it is difficult to allow the sealing of a shutter because it is necessarily done through a magnetic gap remaining in the actuator. Indeed, in this case of use, it is necessary to over-size the magnetic force so as to overcome the positioning tolerances of the actuator relative to the position of the shutter. This results in large and inefficient actuators.
• the gas recirculation exchanger actuator must have all of the following characteristics: - Its mass must be reduced to the possible not to cause damage to the heat exchanger on which it is fixed and withstand himself to the strong vibrations of the engine.
• the electric actuator must retain the external dimensions of the pneumatic actuator used today, which is particularly compact. This feature of compactness is the condition to ensure its use without the risk of having to modify the complex and expensive metal parts that constitute the body of the heat exchanger on which is fixed said actuator.
• the transmission kinematics of the valve actuator must be irreversible to filter the gas pulsations that arise on the shutter valve of the valve and propagate through the transmission levers. This irreversibility makes it possible to protect the drive rotor from these repeated requests, in order to guarantee the service life of the electric actuator.
• the state of the art therefore shows the need for electric actuators based on geared motors with significant reduction of movement factors, to offer the qualities of force density and irreversibility expected.
• the solution according to the invention proposes, in comparison with solutions of the state of the art, the following technical advantages:
• the structure of the electric drive motor is of flat shape and the height of the sheet package which forms its stator is very small, of the order of 5 mm, leading to a minimum volume and mass.
• This flat magnetic structure makes it possible to place an electronic control unit to form a compact assembly capable of receiving a position sensor.
• the rotor drives a worm gear reducer, whose reduction ratio is important in a very small footprint.
• the parts are made of plastic and have a very small mass and elastic properties.
• the rotor is extended by a pinion forming a worm meshing directly a threaded rod.
• the motion transformation uses a space parallel to that of the particular engine structure so as to optimize the overall compactness of the electric actuator.
• the pitch of the helix of the threaded portions of the worm is chosen low, so as to guarantee the irreversibility of the transformation of motion and to filter the pulsations of the gases to protect the gearbox with plastic gearing as well as the guides of the rotor , also made of plastic.
• the magnetic structure of the polyphase motor makes it possible to deport all the coils on the same side of the axis of the rotor and to decenter the latter with respect to the geometrical center of the casing of the actuator casing.
• the association with a worm gear reducer which has an axis offset, allows to refocus the threaded shaft in the housing of the actuator and optimize the external dimensions of the latter.
• control member of the linear actuator movable in translation in the slide connection which links it to the housing, is composed of a nut which collaborates with the threaded shaft and a spherical endpiece. which allows a mechanical connection with a primary transmission lever.
• This primary transmission lever must pivot during movement to allow the rotation of the secondary lever connected to the shutter valve of the valve.
• the spherical connection of the output member of the linear actuator with the primary lever is particularly suitable for transmitting the movement while minimizing stresses and parasitic friction.
• an electric actuator comprising a housing having a bottom on which is fixed an electric motor having a stator with straight teeth extending radially and carrying a plurality. coil and a rotor formed of a plurality of magnets, said coils extending in a plane parallel to the bottom of said housing, said rotor being extended by a pinion forming a worm axis perpendicular to the orientation of said coils said endless screw directly meshing with a threaded rod extending parallel to the bottom of said casing characterized in that said threaded rod is guided at the rear by a fixed sliding bearing or by a fixed nut, in that said sliding bearing or nut is integral with a housing cover, in that the axial end of said worm is guided by said cover, and in that a printed circuit to which is connected the plurality of coils is positioned between said stator and said threaded shaft.
• the invention also relates to an electric actuator comprising a kinematic chain formed at least of the following elements: an electric motor driving a rotor carrying a screw, a threaded rod, a control member and a connecting arm, said rod threaded being moved in a rotary motion by means of said screw in a worm type transformation, said transformation being irreversible, said threaded rod driving said control member in a linear motion according to a transformation of a rotary to a linear motion, said control member driving a link arm, said link arm driving at one end a shutter member, said shutter member moving towards an end position, abutting a seat, characterized in that the any one or a plurality of elements forming said kinematic chain is made of plastic material elastically compressible or flexural, the stroke of said kinematic chain is greater than the stroke of said shutter member so that the shutter member applies a force on its seat in said end position, even in the absence of power to the electric motor.
• an electric motor driving a rotor carrying a
• said link arm or said control member is in the form of a ball joint to have at least one degree of freedom, respectively, with respect to the control member or the link arm .
• said threaded rod cooperates on the one hand with a fixed nut and on the other hand with a movable nut forming the control member and in that said threaded rod is moved in a helical movement.
• Said fixed nut can be welded to the actuator cover.
• control member is integral with a permanent magnet extending parallel to said threaded rod and a magnetosensitive probe, fixed relative to said permanent magnet, is positioned on a printed circuit in said actuator to determine the linear position of said controller.
• the permanent magnet can be encapsulated in a plastic material and is guided in translation by a fixed bearing. Said bearing can be made integral with said fixed nut.
• the movable nut is guided by the housing of the actuator.
• the invention also relates to a control method of an electric actuator comprising a kinematic chain formed at least of the following elements: an electric motor driving a rotor carrying a screw, a threaded rod, a control member and a control arm. connection, said threaded rod being moved in a rotary motion by means of said screw according to a worm-like transformation, said transformation being irreversible, said threaded rod driving said control member in a linear motion according to a transformation of a rotary movement to linear, said control member driving a link arm, said link arm driving at one end a shutter member, said shutter member moving to an end position, abutting a seat, the any one or a plurality of elements forming said kinematic chain is of resiliently deformable plastic material in accordance with ssion or bending, the stroke of said kinematic chain is greater than the stroke of said shutter member so that the shutter member applies a force on said seat in said end position, even in the lack of power to the electric motor, said actuator being controlled according
• a first succession of electrical pulses according to an average level of electrical current brings the closure member from a so-called “open” position to a so-called “closed” position in which the closure member abuts on the seat at the end of the race
• the invention also relates to a control method of an electric actuator comprising a kinematic chain formed at least of the following elements: a rotor carrying a pinion, a threaded rod, a control member and a connecting arm, said rod threaded being rotated in a rotational movement by said pinion driven by an electric motor according to a worm-like transformation, said transformation being irreversible, said threaded rod driving said control member in a linear motion according to a transformation of a rotary motion to linear, said control member driving a link arm, said link arm driving at one end a shutter member, said shutter member moving to an end position, abutting a seat, the any one or a plurality of elements forming said kinematic chain being elastically deformable in compression or in xion in the direction of displacement of said connecting arm, the stroke of said kinematic chain being greater than the stroke of said end of the link arm, said actuator being controlled according to a succession of electrical pulses characterized in that a first succession of electrical pulses
• the low current level is a zero value, but it may be non-zero and less than a typical value of 100 mA.
• FIG. 1 represents a kinematic diagram of the invention
• FIG. 2 represents a perspective view of a short circuit valve for EGR cooling using an actuator according to the invention
• FIGS. 3a and 3b respectively represent a perspective view of an actuator according to the invention and of a control member according to an embodiment
• FIG. 4 represents a perspective view of an embodiment of the kinematic chain of an actuator according to the invention
• FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an actuator without a lid according to an embodiment
• FIG. 6 represents another perspective view of an embodiment of the kinematic chain of an actuator according to the invention.
• FIG. 7 represents another embodiment of an actuator according to the invention
• FIG. 8 represents an alternative embodiment of an actuator according to the invention
• FIGS 9, 10 and 11 show another alternative embodiment of an actuator according to the invention.
• a motorized valve for exhaust gas recirculation exchanger comprising an electronic control device associated with a linear actuator.
• the latter is composed of an electric motor (1) having a stator preferably of flat shape and a rotor driving a worm (2), a threaded rod (10) carrying a toothed wheel (26) meshing with the screw without end (2) and extended two threaded portions (3, 4), a fixed nut (30), a movable nut (31) extended by a control member (32), a connecting arm (12) in ball joint connection with the control member (32) and a secondary transmission lever (13) jointly driving in rotation the shutter member (9) of a valve (42).
• the threaded rod (10) of the motion-transforming device is guided only by two helical-type links of opposite helix direction and using plastic nuts (30, 31).
• This embodiment of the transformation movement is such that presented in more detail in the application WO2014173667 and is not exclusive because it can be envisaged to make the threaded rod (10) in the form of a single screw associated with the worm (2) so as to obtain only a rotational movement of the threaded rod (10), as illustrated in FIG. 7.
• FIG. 2 presents a realistic embodiment of the motorized valve according to the invention, in which the seat (6) of the valve on which the closure member abuts at the end of its stroke.
• FIG 3a shows the actuator (20) in a preferred embodiment.
• the control member (32) is in the form of a ball joint which is appreciated in detail in Figure 3b.
• the ball has in particular a hemispherical shape to facilitate its assembly but it is only an example embodiment.
• This patella allows advantageously to confer a degree of freedom in rotation to the coupling of the actuator (20) to the connecting arm (12) which can therefore accept a misalignment of the control member (32) with respect to the link arm (12) ).
• the shape factor of the actuator (20) is here highlighted, through the low height, transversely relative to the linear displacement of the control member (32), conferring the shape of a flat cassette to this actuator (20).
• Another advantage of this embodiment is also the ability to center the movement output relative to the fastening elements (11) of the housing (35), forming a nose (35a) equidistant from the two fastening elements (11).
• Figure 4 shows the electric motor (1) of the actuator (20) and which is of flat shape. It comprises three electrical phases in the stator (22) in the form of three coils (23), and a rotor (24) which comprises a magnet with five pairs of poles (25), overmolded by a plastic hub, comprising a portion of screws endless (2).
• This worm (2) rotates a toothed wheel (26) integral with a threaded rod (10) having on both sides of the toothing two threaded portions (3, 4), one having a pitch on the right and the other with a step on the left.
• this threaded rod (10) is screwed into a fixed nut (30), made of plastic and fixed, here welded, to the cover (5) of the actuator (20). through it, which forces it to follow a helical movement.
• This threaded rod (10) drives, by means of the second helical connection with the movable nut (31) in the opposite direction, a control member (32) slidably connected to the actuator housing (35) in a movement pure translation.
• This transformation of movement is particularly adapted to the application because gas pulsations act on the closure member (9) and the various transmission levers, and generate axial micro-displacements of the threaded shaft.
• micro-displacements are supported by the two nuts (30) and (31), which carry the threaded rod (10) and whose length net and its material, preferably plastic, can dampen vibrations and ensure a good resistance to endurance, in the same way as the elastic diaphragm of the pneumatic cylinder of the current solution.
• the various elements of the kinematic chain thus created are deformable and make it possible to dampen the charges applying to it.
• the worm type connection which is placed between this threaded rod (10) and the rotor (24) of the motor (1) protects these axial microdisplacements from premature wear.
• This transmission by levers makes it possible, on the one hand, to create the rotary movement of the shutter member (9) of the valve (42), and on the other hand to thermally decouple this valve, having a temperature of several hundred degrees , the electric actuator (20) having guide elements (30, 31) and a control electronics (36) placed on the printed circuit board (37), sensitive to high temperatures.
• the stator (22) has three coils (23) extended radially on the same side, so as to off-center the rotor (24) of the outer contour of the stator and allow the use of a reducer worm gear whose output wheel (26) remains centered on the contour of the stator and thus on the contour of the housing of the actuator (20).
• the entire rotational motion transformation mechanism linear motion is built to be placed parallel to the engine used and occupy a space of similar length.
• the actuator also preferably comprises a seal (34) integral with the housing (35) in which the movable nut (31) slides. Furthermore, the sealing of the housing (35) is completed by the laser welding, through the cover (5), thus closing the actuator on its top.
• the connector (14) also has a seal (not visible) to finalize the seal.
• the electronic control circuit (36) is integrated parallel to the motor (1) and makes it possible, from a control signal, to move to reach the desired position of the shutter member (9). ) of the gas recirculation valve.
• Digital magnetosensitive elements (not visible), positioned on the electronic control circuit (36), allow to know permanently the exact position of the rotor (24).
• a microprocessor (38) is provided capable of driving the stator coils according to this position of the rotor so as to maintain optimum driving torque.
• This control mode "auto switch” to correct the speed and the current level according to the load applied to the controller to never lose the synchronism between the rotor and the stator field.
• This control mode confers additional control safety in comparison with stepping type control, corresponding to an open loop control, without control of the rotor position and therefore without loss of step security.
• the electronic circuit (36) of the motor can also receive a second type of magnetosensitive probe (39), visible in Figure 6, for reading the linear position of a permanent magnet (40) connected to the movable nut (31).
• This position sensor gives the position of the shutter member (9). It also makes it possible to manage the displacement of the shutter member (9) by allowing a greater stroke at the level of the kinematic chain described to mechanically tension the shutter member (9).
• the magnet (40) is advantageously encapsulated in a plastic material which then forms, with the fixed bearing (33), a guiding which also promotes guiding the movable nut (31) and therefore the threaded rod (10).
• the electronic circuit (36) of the motor is provided capable of receiving indifferently control signals of analog type, PWM or messages according to a LIN protocol.
• the LIN or PWM communication protocol may be used to return to the vehicle computer, information related to the position sensor, or to use a separate additional connection pin in the connector (41) to deliver this position signal.
• Figure 7 shows another embodiment of an actuator according to the invention.
• the stator (22) of the electric motor (1) is here a flat three-phase motor having six coils arranged at 60 degrees from each other and carried by stator teeth, extending radially without a head of pole, similarly to the motor described in Figure 4.
• This mode also illustrates the possibility of using a threaded rod (10) different from that used in previous modes. Indeed, this threaded rod (10) remains driven at a toothed wheel (26) by a worm (2), but has, on the rear part, a simple smooth rod (8) guided by a plain bearing ( 30a), said threaded rod (10) having in this embodiment a degree of rotation about the axis of said rod (10).
• the threaded rod is extended by a threaded portion (4) which cooperates with a movable nut (31) which advances the control member (32).
• Said control member (32) here has an opening (7) facilitating the insertion of the connecting arm (22), not shown here. It is specified that the technological choices made for the realization of the motor (1), the worm movement transformation (2, 10) and the control member (32) are not limiting and can, moreover, be taken indifferently from either of Figures 4 or 7.
• Figure 8 shows a compact alternative embodiment wherein the nut (30) is integral with the bottom (15) of the housing (35) without connection with the cover (5).
• the vibration resistance of the nut (30) will be however less than the preferred case where the nut is integral with the housing (35) and the cover (5) as shown in Figure 5.
• the stator (22) of the electric motor (1) is overmolded in the bottom (15) of the housing (35) to improve the mechanical strength and the dissipation of the thermal energy emitted by the latter.
• the sealing of the motor is here ensured by a bellows (43) which is on the one hand sealingly attached to the free end, attached to the movable member (32), the movable nut (31) and on the other hand to the housing (35).
• Figures 9, 10 and 11 show an alternative embodiment of an actuator according to the invention which has a rotary motion output through an output wheel (44).
• This embodiment differs in particular from the first mode shown above in that the threaded rod (10) drives the output wheel (44), the assembly formed by the output wheel (44) and the threaded rod (10) forming a worm type motion transformation.
• the axis of rotation of said output wheel (44) is perpendicular to said threaded rod (10) and, preferably but not limitatively, the axis of rotation of the screw (2) connected to the rotor (24) and the axis of rotation of the output wheel (44) are parallel.
• the housing (35) preferably made of injected plastic, has two bored housings (45, 46) located on either side of the threaded rod (35) forming two smooth bearings receiving two shafts (47, 48) guiding the threaded rod in rotation. These shafts (47, 48) are also placed inside the threaded rod (10) in blind housings forming bearings.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
• Transmission Devices (AREA)
• Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)
• Mechanically-Actuated Valves (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=65494164

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (2)

Family Cites Families (32)

• 2018
  • 2018-04-13 FR FR1853245A patent/FR3080234B1/fr active Active
• 2019
  • 2019-04-12 CN CN201980025103.4A patent/CN112020815A/zh active Pending
  • 2019-04-12 WO PCT/EP2019/059558 patent/WO2019197668A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2019-04-12 KR KR1020207032739A patent/KR20210005067A/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2019-04-12 US US17/041,056 patent/US11777367B2/en active Active
  • 2019-04-12 EP EP19716210.0A patent/EP3776818A1/de active Pending
  • 2019-04-12 JP JP2020555016A patent/JP7376501B2/ja active Active

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