EP3775405B1 - Lift truck - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a lift truck for use with an excavator, with the lift truck being able to lift a load.

In the pamphlets U.S. 4,302,894A and U.S. 3,242,598 A Manually operated lift trucks with special lever mechanisms for transporting different materials such as snow and earth are described.

In the context of this invention, the term excavator is understood to mean all construction machines for loosening and moving soil, rock, sand and the like, such as hydraulic excavators, mini excavators, skid steer loaders and wheel loaders. In order to simplify working with excavators, in particular mini-excavators, and loaders, in particular wheel loaders or compact loaders, a large number of attachments and additional devices for these machines are known. Attachments for excavators are known, among other things, which can be fixed to a device receptacle of a boom of the excavator, for example different buckets, drills, gripping devices and the like. In the pamphlet U.S. 2003/068217 A1 a pallet fork is described as an attachment. In addition, attachments for excavators are also known, which can be arranged on an implement mount of the excavator on the chassis side. A particularly common one on the chassis-side device mount of the excavator arranged attachment is the so-called plow blade. Due to special design features, attachments and additional devices that can be used with excavators cannot usually be used with loaders.

In addition, attachments for excavators are also known from the prior art, by means of which pallets, in particular Euro pallets, can be raised and moved, so-called lift trucks. A particular disadvantage of the known lifting trucks for excavators is that they have to be fixed to the equipment receptacle of the excavator on the chassis side, so that maneuverability of the excavator with the lifting truck arranged and fixed on the excavator is restricted. This disadvantage of the lift trucks known from the prior art is particularly evident when one of these lift trucks is used with a mini excavator, since mini excavators are usually used where a high degree of maneuverability is required in a small space. Such a hydraulically operated truck is in the publication DE 20 2011 050 920 U1 described. The preamble of claim 1 is based on this cited document.

It is therefore considered the object of the present invention to provide a lift truck for use with an excavator which can also be moved by the excavator independently of the excavator within a working area of the excavator, with pallets in particular being able to be lifted and moved by means of the lift truck .

This object is achieved in that the truck has a lifting device, a storage device and at least one chassis element, wherein the Lifting device and the chassis element are connected to each other in a connection area of the lift truck and to the chassis element by the bearing device so as to be pivotable about an axis of rotation, the axis of rotation being aligned parallel to a contact plane of the chassis element, the lifting device having a load section and a manipulation section, wherein in the At least one coupling means is arranged in the manipulation section, with a manipulation force exerted by the excavator being able to be introduced via the coupling means into a force application point arranged in the manipulation section, with the truck standing up on the contact level with the at least one chassis element when used as intended, and the chassis element causing a movement of the truck is lightened on a substrate, wherein a load-carrying means is arranged in the load section, wherein a weight exerted by the load via the load-carrying means tskraft can be introduced into a load application point arranged in the load section, a lever being formed by the lifting device, the force arm of the lever corresponding to a force application point distance between the force application point and the axis of rotation, the load arm of the lever corresponding to a load application point distance between the load application point and the axis of rotation, so that a load can be lifted by the excavator, which exerts a weight that is greater than the maximum manipulation force that can be exerted by the excavator, and wherein the coupling means is designed in such a way that the lifting truck can be fixed to a device mount of a boom of the excavator by means of the coupling means . It is provided according to the invention that the manipulation force is exerted exclusively by the boom of the excavator, so that a position of the lifting truck is only dependent on a position of the boom of the excavator and not, as is the case with the lifting trucks known from the prior art, on a position of the chassis of the excavator. Both the point of application of the force and the point of application of the load are imaginary points within the meaning of the idea of the invention, in which the respectively associated forces act on the lifting device.

An advantageous implementation of the idea of the invention provides that the lifting device has a lower train, an upper train, a head element and a rear element, the head element being fixed to the upper train in a first head connection area by means of an upper head joint so that it can pivot about an upper head pivot axis, the head element in a second head connection area by means of a lower head joint pivotable around a lower head pivot axis on the lower train, wherein the rear element is fixed in a first rear connection area by means of an upper rear joint pivotable around an upper rear pivot axis on the upper train, the rear element being in a second rear connection area is fixed to the truss by means of a lower rear joint so that it can be pivoted about a lower rear pivot axis, the pivot axes being aligned parallel to one another, with one passing through the upper head pivot axis and the upper rear pivot axis The upper surface always runs parallel to a lower surface running through the lower head pivot axis and the lower rear pivot axis a head plane running through the upper head pivot axis and the lower head pivot axis is always aligned parallel to a rear plane running through the upper tail pivot axis and the lower tail pivot axis, so that the lifting device forms a parallelogram linkage, by means of which a tail element alignment is mechanically synchronized with a head element alignment . According to the invention, always parallel alignment of the upper plane to the lower plane and the head plane to the rear plane means that this orientation is maintained even when the lower beam and/or the upper beam and/or the head element and/or the rear element is pivoted. It is also provided that the bottom beam and/or the top beam and/or the head element and/or the rear element can have a spatial extent in the direction of the pivot axes, for example by the bottom beam and/or the top beam having two similar steel girders aligned parallel to one another .

In addition, it is also possible and provided according to the invention that the rear element and the head element can be arranged at an angle to one another. Such a configuration of the lifting truck according to the invention results in an angled force deflection between the coupling means and the load handling device, by means of which use of the lifting truck in a cramped work area, for example inside a building, is facilitated.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that at least one coupling means on the rear element is fixed, wherein the load-carrying means is arranged on the head element, so that a coupling means alignment of the coupling means is mechanically synchronized with a load-carrying means alignment of the load-carrying means. Such a configuration of the lifting truck according to the invention makes it possible for a person driving the excavator to also align the lifting device of the lifting truck by aligning the equipment receptacle of the excavator, so that a load can be lifted in a simple manner using the lifting truck.

In an advantageous embodiment of the lifting truck according to the invention, it is provided that at least one coupling means is fixed to the upper train and is arranged in the area of the power arm. Such an embodiment of the lifting truck according to the invention makes it possible for the excavator and the lifting truck to be coupled "from above", so that the coupling can also take place when the lifting truck can only be reached by the excavator from the top side of the lifting truck.

An advantageous implementation of the idea of the invention provides that the load handling device has a fastening section, the fastening section being fixed to the head element and at a fastening angle of less than 10°, preferably less than 5° and particularly preferably at a fastening angle of less than 2° the head element is arranged. It is possible and provided according to the invention that the mounting bracket can be both positive and negative. there is provided according to the invention that a positive direction of the mounting bracket is directed away from the head element.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the load handling device has a support section, the support section being arranged at an angle between 75° and 115°, preferably from 80° to 100° and particularly preferably from 85° to 95° to the fastening section. so that the lifting device has a substantially L-shaped profile. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the load-carrying means of the lift truck according to the invention, it is provided that the load-carrying means is designed in the manner of a fork lift truck. This also ensures compatibility with commercially available pallets, in particular Euro pallets.

In an advantageous embodiment of the lifting truck according to the invention, it is provided that the support section has a support surface that is planar at least in sections, wherein when the support surface rests on the ground, the head element by means of the fastening section of the load handling device and the rear element by means of the head element, the upper train and the lower train in one Support angle between 65 ° and 125 °, preferably between 70 ° and 110 ° and particularly preferably between 75 ° and 105 ° is arranged to a support plane formed by the support surface. It is also possible and provided according to the invention that the support angle can be adjustable, so that an alignment of the individual elements of the lift truck with one another can be adapted to a respective requirement.

An advantageous implementation of the idea of the invention provides that the total weight of the lift truck is made up of a load section weight of the load section and a manipulation section weight of the manipulation section, with the load section weight being greater than the manipulation section weight, so that the lift truck is in a load-free and force-free state of rest with the load receiving section and which stands up at least one chassis element on the ground. Such a configuration of the lifting truck according to the invention reduces the risk of the lifting truck rolling away when not in use, since the lifting truck is self-locking due to the load receiving section resting on the ground.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the weight of the manipulation section is greater than the weight of the load section, so that the lift truck stands up on the ground with the at least one chassis element in the idle state, with the load receiving section being at a distance from the ground. It is also possible and provided according to the invention that the lift truck can have a counterweight, whereby the user can use the counterweight to set whether the lift truck should stand up on the load-carrying section in the idle state or whether the load-carrying section should be at a distance from the ground.

In an advantageous embodiment of the truck according to the invention it is provided that in the A support element is arranged in the manipulation section, the support element being arranged at a distance from the at least one chassis element, a tilting angle of the lift truck formed between the manipulation section and the ground being limited by the support element. It is possible that the support element can be, for example, a wheel, a mandrel, a support leg or the like. In addition, it is also possible and provided according to the invention for the support element to facilitate movement of the lift truck on the ground.

An advantageous implementation of the inventive idea provides that the beam and/or the top beam and/or the head element and/or the rear element have a structure or are formed from a structure, the structure having at least two structure elements. Supporting structure in the sense of the inventive idea means a structure formed from tension and compression rods, the ends of the rods being connected to one another at the node, with a rod being a rigid element of the supporting structure. Among other things, the bar can be a bar in the actual sense, but it can also be a carrier or something similar. Carrier here means, for example, a T-beam or a double T-beam made of a metallic material, in particular a steel.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the chassis element has at least one wheel. It is possible and provided according to the invention that the wheel can be, for example, an all-metal wheel, a wheel with a solid rubber tread, a wheel with pneumatic tires or the like. Whether and if so, what kind of bike with the truck according to the invention is used, is particularly dependent on the ground on which the truck is to be used. Basically, wheels with a wide and/or soft tread are more suitable for use on soft and/or loose surfaces than wheels with a hard and/or narrow tread. In addition, it is also possible and provided according to the invention that instead of a wheel, other machine elements facilitating movement of the lift truck can also be arranged on the chassis element, for example skids, rollers, arrangements of rollers and track chains or the like.

In an advantageous embodiment of the lifting truck according to the invention, it is provided that the support element has at least one wheel. It is provided according to the invention that the wheel is arranged on the support element in such a way that the support element is brought into operative connection with the ground by means of the wheel, so that movement of the lift truck is facilitated by the wheel when the lift truck is moved. In addition, it is particularly advantageously provided that the wheel can be fixed to the support element such that it can be pivoted about a support element pivot axis arranged perpendicularly to the ground. This makes it possible for the lift truck to be moved and steered by the excavator even after a maximum tipping angle has been reached.

• Figur 1 und 2 schematische Darstellungen eines Hubwagens und
• Figuren 3 und 4 schematische Darstellungen eines Hubwagens mit Stützelement.

Further advantageous configurations of the lifting truck according to the invention are explained with reference to exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Show it:

• Figure 1 and 2 schematic representations of a pallet truck and
• Figures 3 and 4 schematic representations of a lift truck with support element.

In figure 1 a schematic representation of a lift truck 1 according to the invention is shown. The lift truck 1 has a lifting device 2 , a storage device 3 and chassis elements 4 . The lifting device 2 and the chassis elements 4 are fixed to one another in a connection region 5 of the lift truck 1 and are fixed to the chassis element 4 so that they can be pivoted about an axis of rotation 6 by the bearing device 3 . The axis of rotation 6 is aligned parallel to a contact plane 7 of the chassis elements 4 .

The lifting device 2 of the lift truck 1 shown has a load section 8 and a manipulation section 9 . A coupling means 10 is arranged in the manipulation section 9 . The coupling means 10 is adapted to a device mount 11 of a boom 12 of an excavator, not shown, so that a manipulation force 13 exerted by the excavator can be introduced via the coupling means 10 into a force application point 14 arranged in the manipulation section 9 . An L-shaped load handling device 15 is arranged in the load section 8 . The load handling device 15 is arranged in relation to a load 16 in such a way that the load 16 can be lifted by the lift truck 1 . Via the load handling device 15 there is a through the load 16 exerted weight force 17 can be introduced into a load application point 18 arranged in the load section 8 .

A lever is formed by the lifting device 2 of the illustrated lift truck 1 according to the invention. The force arm of the lever corresponds to a force application point distance 19 of the force application point 14 from the axis of rotation 6. The load arm of the lever corresponds to a load application point distance 20 of the load application point from the axis of rotation 6. When the lifting truck 1 according to the invention is used as intended, a product of an amount of the weight force 17 and the Load application point distance 20 is always smaller than a product of an amount of a maximum manipulation force 13 and the force application point distance 19, so that a load 16 can be lifted by the excavator using the lift truck 1, which exerts a weight force 17 that is greater than the maximum through the excavator exertable manipulation force 13.

The chassis elements 4 each have a wheel 21 and stand on the contact plane 7 by means of the one wheel 21 in each case. The wheels 21 make it easier for the truck 1 to move on a base 22 .

The lifting device 2 of the lift truck 1 shown has a bottom train 23 , a top train 24 , a head element 25 and a rear element 26 . The head element 25 is fixed in a first head connection area 27 by means of an upper head joint 28 to be pivotable about an upper head pivot axis 29 on the upper train 24 . In addition, the head element 25 is in a second head connection area 30 is fixed to the truss 23 by means of a lower head joint 31 so as to be pivotable about a lower head pivot axis 32 . The rear element 26 is fixed in a first rear connection area 33 by means of an upper rear joint 34 on the upper train 24 such that it can be pivoted about an upper rear pivot axis 35 . In addition, the rear element 26 is fixed to the beam 23 in a second rear connection area 36 by means of a lower rear joint 37 such that it can be pivoted about a lower rear pivot axis 38 .

In the following figures, only the joints 28, 31, 34, 37 of the truck 1 are shown and labeled for the sake of better clarity.

The pivot axes 29, 32, 35, 38 of the illustrated lift truck 1 according to the invention are always aligned parallel to one another. In this case, an upper surface 39 running through the upper head pivot axis 29 and the upper rear pivot axis 35 is always aligned parallel to a lower surface 40 running through the lower head pivot axis 32 and the lower rear pivot axis 38 . In addition, a head plane 41 running through the upper head pivot axis 29 and the lower head pivot axis 32 is always aligned parallel to a rear plane 42 running through the upper rear pivot axis 35 and the lower rear pivot axis 38, so that a parallelogram linkage is formed by the lifting device 2.

The coupling means 10 is fixed to the rear element 26 and the load handling device 15 is arranged on the head element 25, so that a coupling means alignment of the Coupling means 10 is mechanically synchronized with a load-carrying means alignment of the load-carrying means 15.

The load handling device 15 of the lift truck shown has a fastening section 43 . The attachment portion 43 is fixed to the head member 25 and arranged parallel to the head member 25 . The load-carrying means 15 has a support section 44 which is arranged at an angle of 90° to the fastening section 43, so that the load-carrying means 15 has an essentially L-shaped profile. Both at the in figure 1 illustrated truck 1, as well as in the figure 2 The truck 1 shown, the chassis elements 4 are arranged on the beam 23.

Unlike the in figure 1 illustrated truck 1 is in the in figure 2 Forklift 1 shown, the lifting device 2 is pivoted such that the charge 16 is lifted. The truck 1 is only on its wheels 21 on the ground 22 so that the load 16 can be moved by the excavator with less effort.

the inside figure 3 truck 1 shown has, unlike in the Figures 1 and 2 illustrated truck 1, a support member 45 on. The support element 45 is arranged at a distance from the chassis elements 4 and can be pivoted about a support element pivot axis 46 . A tilt angle 48 of the lift truck 1 is formed between the support element pivot axis 46 and a plumb line 47 dropped onto the base 22 . If the lift truck tips over 1 in the direction of the load section 8 the tilting angle 48 assumes negative values, the tilting angle assuming positive values when the lift truck 1 tilts in the direction of the manipulation section 9 . The tilt angle 48 of the truck 1 shown is negative. The support element 45 has a wheel 21 . The chassis elements 4 of the lifting truck 1 shown are arranged on the upper train 24 .

Unlike the in figure 3 shown pallet truck is in the in figure 4 Forklift 1 shown, the lifting device 2 is pivoted such that the charge 16 is lifted. The truck 1 stands on the ground 22 with its wheels 21 of the chassis elements 4 and the wheel 21 of the support element 45 . The non-designated tilting angle is 0°.

In the representations of Figures 1 to 4 each of several elements of the same type are identified by a reference number as an example.

REFERENCE LIST

1.

pallet truck

2.

lifting device

3.

storage facility

4.

chassis element

5.

connection area

6.

axis of rotation

7.

insurgency level

8th.

load section

9.

manipulation section

10

coupling agent

11.

device recording

12.

boom

13.

manipulation power

14

point of force application

15

load handling equipment

16

charge

17

weight force

18

load application point

19

force application point distance

20

load point distance

21

wheel

22

underground

23

underlay

24

cover

25

header element

26

rear element

27

first head connection area

28

upper head joint

29

upper head pivot axis

30

second head connection area

31

lower head joint

32

lower head pivot axis

33

first rear connection area

34

upper tail joint

35

upper rear pivot axis

36

second rear connection area

37

lower tail joint

38

lower tail pivot axis

39

submissive

40

subordinates

41

head level

42

rear level

43

attachment section

44

support section

45

support element

46

support member pivot axis

47

Lot

48

tilt angle

Claims (13)

1. Lift truck (1) for use with an excavator, wherein a load (16) can be lifted with the lift truck (1), wherein the lift truck (1) comprises a lifting device (2), a bearing device (3) and at least one chassis element (4), characterised in that the lifting device (2) and the chassis element (4) are connected together in a connecting region (5) of the lift truck (1) and are connected to the chassis element (4) so as to be pivotable about an axis of rotation (6) by the bearing device (3), wherein the axis of rotation (6) is oriented parallel to a contact plane (7) of the chassis element (4), wherein the lifting device (2) comprises a load portion (8) and a manipulation portion (9), wherein at least one coupling means (10) is arranged in the manipulation portion (9), wherein a manipulation force (13) exerted by the excavator can be introduced via the coupling means (10) into a force application point (14) arranged in the manipulation portion (9), wherein the lift truck (1), when used for its intended purpose, stands with the at least one chassis element (4) on the contact plane (7) and a movement of the lift truck (1) on the ground (22) is facilitated by the chassis element (4), wherein a load carrying means (15) is arranged in the load portion (8), wherein a weight-force (17) exerted by the load (16) can be introduced via the load carrying means (15) into a load application point (18) arranged in the load portion (8), wherein a lever is formed by the lifting device (2), wherein the lever arm of the lever corresponds to a force application point distance (19) between the force application point (14) and the axis of rotation (6), wherein the load arm of the lever corresponds to a load application point distance (20) between the load application point (18) and the axis of rotation (6), so that the excavator is able to lift a load (16) which exerts a weight-force (17) which is greater than the maximum manipulation force (13) which can be exerted by the excavator, and wherein the coupling means (10) is so configured that the lift truck (1) can be fixed by means of the coupling means (10) to an equipment mount (11) of a boom (12) of the excavator.
2. Lift truck (1) according to claim 1, wherein the lifting device (2) comprises a lower beam (23), an upper beam (24), a head element (25) and a rear element (26), wherein the head element (25) is fixed in a first head connecting region (27) to the upper beam (24) by means of an upper head joint (28) so as to be pivotable about an upper head pivot axis (29), wherein the head element (25) is fixed in a second head connecting region (30) to the lower beam (23) by means of a lower head joint (31) so as to be pivotable about a lower head pivot axis (32), wherein the rear element (26) is fixed in a first rear connecting region (33) to the upper beam (24) by means of an upper rear joint (34) so as to be pivotable about an upper rear pivot axis (35), wherein the rear element (26) is fixed in a second rear connecting region (36) to the lower beam (23) by means of a lower rear joint (37) so as to be pivotable about a lower rear pivot axis (38), wherein the pivot axes are oriented parallel to one another, wherein an upper beam plane (39) running through the upper head pivot axis (29) and the upper rear pivot axis (35) is always oriented parallel to a lower beam plane (40) running through the lower head pivot axis (32) and the lower rear pivot axis (38), wherein a head plane (41) running through the upper head pivot axis (29) and the lower head pivot axis (32) is always oriented parallel to a rear plane (42) running through the upper rear pivot axis (35) and the lower rear pivot axis (38), so that the lifting device (2) forms a parallelogram-shaped arrangement of rods by means of which a rear element orientation is mechanically synchronised with a head element orientation.
3. Lift truck (1) according to claim 2, wherein at least one coupling means (10) is fixed to the rear element (26), wherein the load carrying means (15) is arranged at the head element (25), so that a coupling means orientation of the coupling means (10) is mechanically synchronised with a load carrying means orientation of the load carrying means (15).
4. Lift truck (1) according to either claim 2 or claim 3, wherein at least one coupling means (10) is fixed to the upper beam (24) and arranged in the region of the lever arm.
5. Lift truck (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the load carrying means (15) comprises a fastening portion (43), wherein the fastening portion (43) is fixed to the head element (25) and is arranged at a fastening angle of less than 10°, preferably of less than 5° and particularly preferably at a fastening angle of less than 2° relative to the head element (25).
6. Lift truck (1) according to claim 5, wherein the load carrying means (15) comprises a bearing portion (44), wherein the bearing portion (44) is arranged at an angle of between 75° and 115°, preferably from 80° to 100° and particularly preferably from 85° to 95° relative to the fastening portion (43), so that the load carrying means (15) has a substantially L-shaped profile.
7. Lift truck (1) according to claim 6, wherein the bearing portion (44) comprises a bearing surface which is planar at least in some portions, wherein, when the bearing surface is resting on the ground (22), the head element (25) is arranged by means of the fastening portion (43) of the load carrying means (15) and the rear element (26) is arranged by means of the head element (25), the upper beam (24) and the lower beam (23) at a bearing angle of between 65° and 125°, preferably between 70° and 110° and particularly preferably between 75° and 105° relative to a bearing plane formed by the bearing surface.
8. Lift truck (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a total weight of the lift truck (1) is composed of a load portion weight of the load portion and a manipulation portion weight of the manipulation portion (9), wherein the load portion weight is greater than the manipulation portion weight, so that the lift truck (1), in a load- and force-free rest state, stands with the load carrying portion and the at least one chassis element (4) on the ground (22).
9. Lift truck (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the manipulation portion weight is greater than the load portion weight, so that the lift truck (1), in the rest state, stands with the at least one chassis element (4) on the ground (22), wherein the load carrying portion is spaced apart from the ground (22).
10. Lift truck (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a supporting element (45) is arranged in the manipulation portion (9), wherein the supporting element (45) is arranged spaced apart from the at least one chassis element (4), wherein a tilt angle (48) of the lift truck (1) formed between the manipulation portion (9) and the ground (22) is limited by the supporting element (45).
11. Lift truck (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 10, wherein the lower beam (23) and/or the upper beam (24) and/or the head element (25) and/or the rear element (26) have a supporting frame or are formed from a supporting frame, wherein the supporting frame comprises at least two supporting frame elements.
12. Lift truck (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the chassis element (4) comprises at least one wheel (21) .
13. Lift truck (1) according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the supporting element (45) comprises at least one wheel (21).

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