EP3774129A1 - Dispositif de fabrication et procédé de fabrication additive doté d'une sortie de gaz mobile - Google Patents

Dispositif de fabrication et procédé de fabrication additive doté d'une sortie de gaz mobile

Info

Publication number
EP3774129A1
EP3774129A1 EP19715885.0A EP19715885A EP3774129A1 EP 3774129 A1 EP3774129 A1 EP 3774129A1 EP 19715885 A EP19715885 A EP 19715885A EP 3774129 A1 EP3774129 A1 EP 3774129A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
outlet
construction field
process chamber
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19715885.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stefan ZEILINGER
Wolfgang UNTERGEHRER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EOS GmbH
Original Assignee
EOS GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EOS GmbH filed Critical EOS GmbH
Publication of EP3774129A1 publication Critical patent/EP3774129A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/49—Scanners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B22F10/322—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/70—Recycling
    • B22F10/73—Recycling of powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/70—Gas flow means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/364—Conditioning of environment
    • B29C64/371—Conditioning of environment using an environment other than air, e.g. inert gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
    • B22F2201/10—Inert gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
    • B22F2201/50—Treatment under specific atmosphere air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/227—Driving means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a production apparatus and a method for the additive production of a three-dimensional object with such a production device, wherein the object is produced by applying a building material layer by layer and selective solidification of the building material, in particular by supplying radiant energy to Locations in each layer that are assigned to the cross-section of the object in this layer by the points are scanned or influenced with at least one Einwirk Scheme, in particular a radiation exposure region of an energy beam.
  • Additive manufacturing devices and related methods are generally characterized by forming objects by solidifying a shapeless build material layer by layer.
  • the solidification can be brought about, for example, by supplying heat energy to the building material by irradiating it with electromagnetic radiation or particle radiation, for example in laser sintering ("SLS" or “DMLS”) or laser melting or electron beam melting.
  • SLS laser sintering
  • laser melting the area of influence of a laser beam
  • the selective solidification of the applied build-up material can also be done by 3D printing, for example by applying an adhesive or binder.
  • the invention relates to the manufacture of an object by means of coating and selective solidification of a building material, regardless of the manner in which the building material is strengthened.
  • Various types of building materials can be used, in particular powder such.
  • metal powder plastic powder, ceramic powder, sand, filled or mixed powder.
  • DE 10 2014 108 061 A1 relates to a device for producing a three-dimensional object by layer-by-layer solidification of building material on the the cross section of the object to be produced in the respective layer corresponding points by energy input under a gas atmosphere. It also relates to a control unit for such a device and to a method for moving and / or orienting a gas suction nozzle.
  • the object of the invention is to counteract as much as possible an impurity within a process chamber, in particular in large field machines.
  • the manufacturing device for the additive production of a dreidimensio- nalen object is to solve this problem with a building container for receiving the building material, with a process chamber above the building container, with a horizontally extending between the building container and the process chamber construction field, with at least one gas inlet for introduction a process gas in the process chamber and equipped with at least one gas outlet for discharging the process gas from the process chamber wherein the at least one gas outlet in a plan view of the construction field in the process chamber is movable only outside of the construction field.
  • Particularly preferred is an outlet opening of the at least one gas outlet, in which it is movable in at most one translational degree of freedom and / or in at least one rotational degree of freedom relative to the construction field.
  • the building container may comprise a building platform, which in operation carries the component to be manufactured and surrounding unsolidified building material.
  • An opening plane of the construction container defines a construction field, which represents a working plane in which the build-up material is metered as a single layer.
  • the construction field therefore generally extends essentially over the base area of the construction container.
  • the process chamber is located as a cavity above the construction field or the working plane in which at least one coating device acts.
  • the process chamber is defined inter alia by (in particular vertically) rising walls, the arrangement of which often follows the outline shape of the construction field and maintain a certain distance from the construction field to a working space z. B. for the coating device free.
  • the walls of the process chamber are often arranged in a rectangular layout, but their layout may also assume different shapes, such as a circular shape.
  • the walls do not have to be of continuous planar design, but may have horizontal or vertical projections or recesses, niches, rounded corners at their transitions, bulges or indentations, or otherwise be formed in a rugged manner.
  • Deviating configurations of the walls are thus not excluded, but should - insofar as it makes sense and is possible - be included in the description.
  • the manufacturing device can in particular a guide, z.
  • a laser scanner unit for controlling at least one energy beam bundle of radiation energy through at least a portion of the process chamber through to the construction field.
  • the guide device can couple one or more energy beam bundles directed onto the construction field, for example, through a transparent coupling window at an upper side of the process chamber.
  • the place (s) where the energy beam (s) impinge on the construction field and thus on the building material, and on the basis of which solidification of the building material (“actually”) takes place, is / are considered Radiation exposure area called.
  • the selective solidification of the building material can be done by various methods.
  • the conceptual distinction between exposure range and irradiation action range is based on whether selective solidification without radiation - then the term "exposure range” - or radiation is used - then the term “radiation exposure range” is used.
  • the invention is not limited to radiation energy as a means for selective solidification.
  • the radiation acts on the build-up material in the radiation active region in such a way that solidification of at least one uppermost layer of the build-up material is effected.
  • the build-up material is partly or completely melted, whereby the constituents of the build-up material, for example powder grains, combine with one another. After cooling, the former building material is then present as a solid.
  • the term "energy beam” is often used in this application as well. In the context of the application, however, it is also used in differentiation from other radiation sources which can be used, where appropriate, for heating the building material, eg. B. an IR radiant heater.
  • the term "energy beam” is defined so that a sufficient radiation intensity is provided over its radiation exposure area on the construction field in order to solidify the underlying building material with a depth extension of at least one layer.
  • the invention is not limited to energy beam as radiant energy.
  • An additive manufacturing apparatus may include a number of radiation sources for generating radiation and an associated number of directors for directing the radiation onto the building material.
  • a Leitein direction is preferably assigned a radiation exposure area on the building material.
  • the radiation sources may be, for example, one or more gas or solid-state lasers or any other type of lasers such as.
  • laser diodes in particular VCSELn (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) or VECSELn (Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) or a line of these lasers.
  • the process gas to be introduced into the process chamber through the gas inlet and discharged through the gas outlet may be a gas mixture or a pure gas.
  • process gas with a high proportion of inert gas, eg. As argon or nitrogen used.
  • inert gas e.g. As argon or nitrogen used.
  • it may be sufficient to use inexpensive gas mixtures whose composition corresponds, for example, to ambient air.
  • the production device comprises at least one gas inlet for the flow of process gas, which is arranged in the process chamber.
  • the gas inlet may comprise a device, e.g. As a nozzle or a housing, optionally with a connected gas supply from a process gas supply.
  • the gas inlet is understood in particular as an opening from which gas flows into the process chamber. The gas inlet opening thus forms an interface between a cavity of the gas supply device and a cavity formed by the process chamber.
  • a process gas stream from a guided jet to an ungauged jet or a free jet.
  • the gas inlet or the gas inlets can be arranged within the process chamber essentially over the entire construction field movable or stationary, ie stationary relative to the process chamber.
  • the gas outlet or the gas outlets as a whole, but at least their outlet opening (s) are preferably movable in at most one translational degree of freedom and / or in at most one rotational degree of freedom relative to the construction field.
  • either the translatory or the rotational mobility of the at least one gas outlet is sufficient.
  • the gas outlet or the gas outlets within the process chamber can be moved only outside the construction field.
  • the at least one gas outlet as a three-dimensional body is thus moved in a subspace of the process chamber above the plane of extent of the two-dimensional construction field and there only in a frame-like region of the process chamber that does not lie above the construction field.
  • the gas outlet may include a variety of devices, e.g. As a nozzle, a possibly Grugliedrigen pipe section or a e.g. sections flexible housing, optionally with a connected gas extraction, possibly to a process gas cleaner.
  • the two-dimensional outlet opening of the gas outlet is functionally relevant. Its mobility is served by the structural design of the gas outlet. Thus, it can be moved at least in sections, so that in any case the position of its outlet opening in the room or relative to the construction field can be changed.
  • the outlet opening extends in a plane orthogonal to the plane of extent of the construction field and can be moved in translation and / or in rotation in a horizontal plane of movement parallel thereto.
  • the rotational movement may mean a rotation of the outlet opening or its pivoting.
  • the outlet opening forms a regularly vertical interface between a cavity of a gas discharge device downstream of the outlet opening and a cavity formed by the process chamber.
  • the invention therefore turns away from providing either a stationary "global" gas outlet, which often occupies about a building field width, or to provide a mobile gas outlet possibly forcibly guided together with the gas inlet above the construction field. While the global gas outlet acts locally untargeted, the mobile gas outlet per se usually requires a high coordination and control effort, which additionally increases by a necessary coordination with the guide. Rather, the invention makes it possible to combine the more targeted effect of a mobile gas outlet with a construction field kept free, whereby a collision of devices for the gas outlet are excluded with an energy beam and certain areas above the construction field more effectively freed from contaminated process gas (in the sequel can be referred to as "venting"), which at a certain time require cleaning and / or an optionally increased cleaning performance.
  • the invention pursues the goal of reducing and / or removing atmospheric contaminants by means of the most effective and targeted removal of the contaminated process gas.
  • the mobility of the gas outlet (or its outlet opening) makes it possible to shift its target ventilation zone and thus also to better coordinate its effect with an optionally displaceable target inlet zone of the gas inlet.
  • a target ventilation zone of a process gas discharged from the process chamber by means of the gas outlet is typically a partial area of the process chamber close to the building site. It can be viewed in a vertical projection on the construction field within the building plot outline and / or outside the construction site outline, ie over a process chamber floor surrounding the construction field.
  • the target ventilation zone comprises an area in which one or more beam paths of one or more energy beam bundles currently extend / extend at least in sections.
  • a location, an extent and / or an orientation of the target ventilation zone can / can basically be constant or variable. They or their dynamic change can in each case be at least indirectly dependent on the location / extent / orientation of the radiation exposure range or its dynamic change.
  • a position of the target venting zone may be coordinated with a position of the gas outlet.
  • the target deaeration zone is typically viewed in the vertical plan view of the construction field and at least downstream of the radiation exposure region (based on the flow direction of a gas volume that has flowed in) relative to the process gas flow.
  • the target ventilation zone can be understood as a minimum detection area of a gas-removing or gas-extracting effect of a (defined) mobile gas outlet, whereby a minimum of effectiveness or cleaning effect is presumed in the minimum detection area. In this case, therefore, an actual zone of the vent by means of the gas outlet may be larger. The shorter the distance of the gas outlet or gas outlets to the target ventilation zone, the more concentrated it can be there.
  • the target deaeration zone may include a radiation exposure region and optionally an environment of the radiation exposure region on the construction field surface.
  • a target flow zone of a process gas which has been introduced into the process chamber by means of the gas inlet is typically a section of the process chamber which is preferably close to the building site. It can be viewed in a vertical projection on the building site within the building plot outline and / or outside the building plot outline, d. H. above a process chamber floor surrounding the construction field.
  • the target flow zone comprises a region in which at least sections of one or more beam paths of one or more energy beam bundles currently extend / run.
  • a location, extent and / or orientation of the target flow zone may be basically constant or variable. They or their dynamic change can in each case be at least indirectly dependent on the location / extent / orientation of the radiation exposure range or its dynamic change.
  • a position of the target flow zone may be coordinated with a position of the gas inlet.
  • the target flow zone is viewed in the vertical plan view of the build field and at the process gas flow at least downstream of the radiation exposure region (s).
  • the Zielbeströmungszone can be understood as a minimum detection range of a local flow or injection of process gas through a gas inlet, wherein in the minimum detection range preferably a minimum level of effectiveness or cleaning effect is required. In this case, therefore, an actual zone of the flow through the gas inlet may be larger. The shorter the distance of a gas inlet to the target flow zone, the more concentrated it can act there.
  • the target annealing zone may comprise a radiation exposure region and optionally an environment of the radiation exposure region on the construction field surface.
  • the location, extent, and / or orientation of the target vent zone and the target flow zone are matched. This can be done by means of a coordination of the position, orientation and / or movement of one or more gas outlets and gas inlets.
  • the goal of keeping clean or purifying the target ventilation zone is thus achieved by the solution according to the invention.
  • Distribution of the contaminant downstream of the radiation exposure region through the gas inlet escaping Free jet can be counteracted, for example, by the outlet opening of the gas outlet having a greater extent than the gas inlet opening, in particular of a gas inlet, so that despite a certain spread, the contamination can be pushed directly into the gas outlet.
  • dilution of the contaminant associated with its propagation causes less interference if an energy beam traverses it before it is removed from the process chamber.
  • the device according to the invention can, in particular when using a movable gas inlet, shorten a distance between gas inlet and gas outlet and thus maintain a target accuracy or effectiveness of an unguided process gas flow with respect to its displacing and thus cleaning function.
  • a movable gas inlet shorten a distance between gas inlet and gas outlet and thus maintain a target accuracy or effectiveness of an unguided process gas flow with respect to its displacing and thus cleaning function.
  • a large-scale system may, for example, have a construction field whose shortest side length of a rectangular construction field or its diameter of a circular construction field is at least 400 mm, preferably at least 800 mm, particularly preferably at least 1000 mm.
  • the contaminant may include, for example, scratches, smoke, condensate or other fluidized particles. It can absorb or scatter at least a part of the radiation energy guided in the form of the energy beam to the construction field before it reaches the construction field, as a result of which a solidification process can be impaired.
  • a metal or at least metal-containing building material which contains at least 50% by volume, preferably at least 80% by volume, more preferably at least 90% by volume of metal
  • the metal building material may be, for example, a pure metal powder or a metal alloy powder.
  • the outlet opening can be arranged in a wall of the process chamber and / or adjacent to or near an edge of the construction field.
  • the wall of the process chamber it can be designed, for example, as a mere spatially changeable opening or, in a more complicated case, as a movable nozzle in a recess of the wall of the process chamber.
  • the construction field edge on the one hand and the wall of the process chamber on the other define that space in which the outlet opening can move or the necessary movable devices of the gas outlet can extend.
  • the mobility of the devices of the gas outlet need not only be the mobility of the outlet to nen, but may also be due to the purpose just make the space between the edge of the building site and the wall of the process chamber completely or at least partially free, namely if, for example the coating device temporarily requires a freedom of movement.
  • the outlet opening can be arranged adjacent to or near an edge of the construction field.
  • the outlet opening can in principle be designed to be movable toward the construction field or away from the building field, for example, in order to avoid a collision with other movable components in the process chamber (for example coater or the like). Also a mobility of the outlet opening with a vertical component is possible.
  • the outlet opening can be arranged substantially horizontally movable.
  • substantially horizontal is understood to mean that the horizontal movement component is the main component of movement, in particular the movability of the outlet opening deviates from the horizontal by at most 25 °, preferably at most 10 °, particularly preferably at most 5 °, and in principle It is desired to enable or realize an exactly horizontal movability. If the outlet opening can be moved along a construction edge, the construction field can be completely grasped from one of its edges, provided that the effective area, starting from the outlet opening, extends at least as far as the construction field underneath extends.
  • the outlet opening can be formed on a movable nozzle which can be moved parallel to a construction field edge (ie in a plane perpendicular to the construction field).
  • the outlet opening may be formed on a movable nozzle such that it extends along a curved path, e.g. In one circle-shaped arc, relative to the Baufeldrand can move in a plane parallel to the construction field.
  • the nozzle may be guided as a kind of runner, for example, on a rail, which is connected downstream via a hose or via a flexible tube to a gas conduit device within the manufacturing device.
  • the course of the rail guide can be based on the outline shape of the construction field, in a rectangular construction field obvious way rectilinear and parallel to a Baufeldrand, for a circular construction field, however, for example, arcuate.
  • the outlet opening can be arranged in the region of the wall of the process chamber.
  • the outlet opening can be realized by a kind of slide in front of an opening in the wall of the process chamber, ie by a sliding in the plane of the wall of the process chamber door or wall section, a fluidly connected breakthrough or an opening.
  • the gas outlet when the gas outlet is active, it is only partially covered in the wall and the remaining partial opening as an outlet opening is also displaced by its displacement relative to the wall.
  • the displacement of the slide is not limited to a translational movement, but can also be rotationally displaced before the breakthrough, but essentially in its opening plane, whereby the outlet opening can be moved.
  • the gas outlet designed in this way can also have a plurality of displaceable slides, which actuate one outlet opening in each case or several outlet openings jointly.
  • the gas outlet may have an outlet funnel which is subdivided in parallel to its main flow direction and which offers a number of outlet cells, i. H. its total volume is categorized into defined sub-volumes.
  • the outlet cells or partial volumes each have opening surfaces into the process chamber. Selective closing of the opening surfaces of the outlet cells or partial volumes displaces the opening surfaces and thus leads to at least one movable outlet opening in the region of the process chamber wall.
  • an outlet opening can also be composed of several opening areas.
  • the outlet opening may have a variable opening cross-section. Consequently, it can not only be designed to be variable with respect to its horizontal position in relation to the construction field, but also one offer variable size. If the gas flow through the outlet opening remains the same, it is therefore also possible-at least in the case of an extraction-to influence the effective action of the gas outlet into the depth of the process chamber with the change in its opening cross-section.
  • the change in the opening cross-section can be done, for example, by a corresponding control of the above slide in front of the individual opening areas. It is important in this context that a complete shutdown of the outlet opening in terms of a total closure of the opening cross section is no longer understood as "movement of the outlet opening", but as a complete blockage of the outlet opening.
  • At least two independently movable outlet openings on the same side of a construction field can be arranged one above the other.
  • two rails can run one above the other next to the construction field, on each of which a gas outlet nozzle can be moved back and forth independently of each other.
  • two outlet openings of one or two separate gas outlets may be arranged one above the other in one of the manners described above in the wall of the process chamber. The outlet openings can thus be arranged above one another in order to increase an effective area or to produce at least two separate effective areas.
  • At least two independently movable outlet openings can be arranged next to the construction field and at an angle to one another. They can be attached to or adjacent to one another and / or on opposite sides of the construction field and there at its edge or on or in the wall of the process chamber.
  • an effective direction of the gas removal from the construction field can be varied, for example as a function of a flow direction through a gas inlet.
  • the arrangement of several directionally different gas outlets can also allow their simultaneous operation, so that intersect their directions of action on the construction field. In any case, theoretically even an at least local 360 ° impact on the construction field is possible if the construction field has gas outlets or outlet openings on all its sides.
  • the travel path or the opening of the gas outlet can have at least the length of a construction field side along which it acts.
  • the "opening of the gas outlet” it is assumed that it can be closed in certain areas and that it is locally closed during operation and that the movable or displaceable outlet opening forms the respective non-closed region of the opening.
  • the "travel path” refers at least to the outlet opening of the gas outlet, irrespective of its structural design.
  • the gas outlet ensures its reliable action at least on the entire construction field edge running along the construction field side, without z. B. to suffer at the ends of effect loss.
  • a comparatively large horizontal, but also vertical extent of the outlet opening of the gas outlet counteracts an efficient detection of, in particular, a process gas flow which is locally injected as a free jet and thereby widening, or of the blown off process gas volume.
  • a horizontal extent of the at least one outlet opening is less than a horizontal extent of the adjacent side of the construction field.
  • the horizontal extent of the outlet opening is a maximum of 50%, more preferably a maximum of 30%, particularly preferably a maximum of 20% of the horizontal extent of the adjacent building site side.
  • At least one outlet opening per reference process location and / or per defined target ventilation zone or target flow zone may be provided.
  • more than one gas outlet may be associated with a reference process point and / or a target vent zone and / or a target flow zone.
  • two or more gas outlets or outlet openings can serve a single reference process point and / or target venting zone and / or target flow zone in the construction field in order to more effectively free the reference process point and / or target vent zone and / or target flow zone from the process gas possibly contaminated with impurities and effectively counteract such pollution there.
  • a “reference process location” can comprise one or more (radiation) action surface (s) (in particular of the energy beam (s)) present on the construction field at a given time.
  • it may additionally comprise a defined range of motion of the (radiation) action surface (s) whose extent z. B. can be defined by a predetermined period of time in which the current (s) (radiation) Einwirkflä- surface (s) on the construction field moves / move.
  • it is understood as a two-dimensional section of the working plane or the construction field surface.
  • the reference process parts can, for example, depending on a respective applied irradiation strategy For example, a portion of a strip may be included (“stripe" radiation strategy) that is typically defined by a constant maximum width.
  • a location, an extent and / or an orientation of the target ventilation zone or target flow zone or their dynamic change can be at least indirectly dependent on the location, the extent and / or the orientation of the reference process point or its dynamic change.
  • the outlet opening may be movable in a lower half, preferably in a lowest fifth, more preferably in a lowest tenth of the process chamber with respect to a clear height of the process chamber, in each case perpendicular to the construction field.
  • a process chamber may have a rugged interior, z.
  • the term "clear height" refers to a maximum internal height of the process chamber.
  • the stated values with respect to the clear height of the process chamber can correspond to a distance value in the normal operation of the gas outlet of less than or equal to 20 cm, preferably less than or equal to 10 cm, particularly preferably less than or equal to 5 cm to the construction field.
  • a particularly high efficiency of the gas outlet is to be expected.
  • it differs from a possibly separate outlet of a ceiling flow which regularly acts in approximately an upper half or in an upper quarter of the process chamber and in particular serves for blowing out or shielding a coupling window for the supply of radiant energy.
  • the gas inlet can also be arranged at a height level corresponding to the gas outlet.
  • the movable outlet opening can interact with a movable gas inlet, in order to achieve an even higher efficiency.
  • the mobile gas inlet can be brought close to a radiation exposure region or to a target combustion zone and can act there locally.
  • the movable gas inlet acts locally by only a portion of the construction field approaches, d. H. detects a partial volume above the construction field, wherein the base area of the volume corresponds to a partial area of the construction field.
  • the embodiment with a movable gas inlet pursues the goal of reducing and / or removing atmospheric contaminants by means of a flow and thus displacement and / or dilution of the contaminant with contaminant-free or at least low-contamination process gas, which is deliberately beyond a point of impact of the energy beam.
  • the movable gas outlet which may also be synchronized with a likewise movable gas inlet, does not exclude the fact that the production device has a "global inflow" according to a further embodiment.
  • This can be a ceiling flow or a ceiling blow, which acts regularly in approximately an upper half or in an upper quarter of the process chamber and in particular serves for clearing or shielding a coupling window for the supply of radiant energy.
  • a downwardly directed flow introduced comparatively over a large area can be provided, which, similarly to a clean room flow, reduces the rise of impurities into an upper area of the process chamber or keeps impurities close to their point of origin in the lower area of the process chamber, while they are diluted or transported away.
  • this may be a lateral inflow at a higher speed.
  • the movable gas outlet may also be available for the detection of the additionally inflowing gas volume.
  • the above-mentioned object is also achieved by a method for producing a three-dimensional object by means of an additive manufacturing device of the type described above with at least one gas inlet and at least one movable gas outlet for process gas, wherein the object is produced by applying a build-up material layer by layer and selective solidification of the building material, in particular by supplying radiation energy, at locations in each layer which are assigned to the cross-section of the object in this layer, by scanning the locations with at least one exposure area, in particular a radiation exposure area of an energy beam bundle; wherein the movable gas outlet during operation of a reference process point and / or one of the reference process point associated Zielentlüf processing zone of the movable gas outlet is assigned.
  • the movable gas outlet during operation is assigned to a target flow zone of the gas inlet assigned to the reference process parts.
  • the invention pursues the principle of removing possibly contaminated gas volume from the target venting zone.
  • the focusing of the effect of the gas outlet by means of a movable outlet opening increases the efficiency of gas evacuation.
  • the mobile gas outlet can be assigned to a radiation beam region which is typically moved rapidly over the construction field during operation of the production device.
  • the assignment to a reference process location and / or to a target ventilation zone defines a demand threshold for the activation of the gas outlet, which can lead to a reduction in the movements of the gas outlet.
  • the setting of the position of the gas outlet and thus the control of the movement of the outlet opening in dependence on a detected above the construction field local impurity concentration on in the process chamber may additionally take into account other influences beyond the position and orientation of a gas inlet, for example, influences of another flow of another gas inlet or ceiling flow.
  • Your controller may optionally have a connection to a monitoring system that, for example, continuously detects a local concentration of impurities in the process chamber atmosphere, at least in a partial region of the process chamber.
  • the orientation of an opening of a movable gas inlet can be adjusted depending on a position or orientation of the outlet opening of the gas outlet.
  • its position represents, with a pivotable outlet opening, its orientation the reference point for the activation of the gas inlet.
  • the gas inlet opening is positioned and oriented such that it faces the gas outlet opening during operation of the flow device in a vertical plan view Construction site is always opposite. This activation promises a high effectiveness of the interaction of the gas inlet and the gas outlet, which may, among other things, be reduced. a. can precipitate in a small input or throughput of process gas.
  • the actuation of the gas inlet and the gas outlet can therefore take into account a predetermined angle threshold, so that an angle, the opening levels of the inlet opening of the gas inlet and the outlet opening of the gas outlet in a vertical plan view of the construction field considered to include each other, does not exceed the angle threshold.
  • the angle threshold thus allows a certain tolerance to a desired optimal alignment of the gas inlet and the gas outlet to each other, but which includes a functionally possible deviation of the orientation without serious loss of effectiveness. This can reduce the control effort for the gas inlet and the gas outlet.
  • the object mentioned at the outset is also achieved by a control method for a method for producing a three-dimensional object by means of an additive
  • a manufacturing apparatus comprising a gas inlet and a movable gas outlet for process gas, wherein the object is manufactured by applying a building material layer by layer and selectively solidifying the building material, in particular by supplying radiant energy, at locations in each layer corresponding to the cross-section of the object are assigned in this layer by scanning the locations with at least one exposure area, in particular a radiation exposure area of an energy beam, the control method being designed such that, during operation, it can be moved to the movable gas outlet of a reference process station and / or one of the reference projects. assigns assigned tessstelle target ventilation zone of the movable gas outlet.
  • Control command data within the scope of the control method can be implemented, for example, in the form of hardware and / or software components in a computing device.
  • the computing device can, for. B. part of the above manufacturing device for the additive production of a three-dimensional object itself, for example as part of a control device o. ⁇ .
  • the generation of the control command data independently and run separately, that are performed spatially separated from the manufacturing device.
  • the generated control command data can then be supplied to the production device by means of suitable interfaces, for example via a memory stick, a mobile hard disk or another portable data carrier, as well as via wired or wireless networks or "cloud” solutions.
  • a computer program product with a computer program which can be loaded directly into a memory device of a control data generation device and / or a control device of the above manufacturing device for the additive production of a three-dimensional object, with program sections, around all steps of a method according to the invention, when the computer program is executed in the control data generation device and / or in the control device.
  • a largely software implementation of the invention has the advantage that even previously used control devices can be retrofitted in a simple way by a software or firmware update to work on the inventive way.
  • Such a computer program product in addition to the computer program optionally additional components such.
  • additional components such as a documentation and / or additional components, including hardware components such.
  • a computer-readable medium for example a memory stick, a mobile hard disk or another portable or permanently installed data carrier can be used in which the program sections of the computer program that can be read and executed by a computing device for generating control command data and / or the control device are stored and executable.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic, partially sectioned view of a device for additive manufacturing of production products according to the prior art
  • Figure 2 is a schematic partial sectional view of a device according to an embodiment of the invention with a pivotable gas outlet in one of the section DD according to DD Figure 1 corresponding level
  • Figure 3 a schematic sectional view of the device according to an alternative
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic sectional view with two pivotable gas outlets according to a further embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic sectional view with two embodiments of a movable gas outlet according to a further embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic sectional view with an alternative movable gas outlet according to a further embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic sectional view with an alternative movable gas outlet according to a further embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 8 shows a view of the process chamber wall according to the section line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7, FIG.
  • FIG. 9 another such view with two gas outlets one above the other
  • Figure 10 an alternative view to Figure 8
  • FIG. 11 shows an alternative view to FIG. 9 with two gas outlets one above the other.
  • the apparatus shown schematically in FIG. 1 is a laser sintering or laser melting apparatus a1 known per se.
  • an upwardly open building container a5 with a wall a6 is arranged in the process chamber a3, an upwardly open building container a5 with a wall a6 is arranged.
  • a working plane a7 is defined by the upper opening of the construction container a5, where the area of the working plane a7 lying within the opening, which can be used to construct the object a2, is referred to as the construction field a8.
  • V carrier a10 is arranged on which a base plate a11 is mounted, which closes the building container a5 down and thus forms its bottom.
  • the base plate a1 1 may be a plate formed separately from the carrier a10, which is fixed to the carrier a10, or it may be formed integrally with the carrier a10.
  • a construction platform a12 can still be mounted on the base plate a11 on which the object a2 is set up.
  • the object a2 can also be built on the base plate a1 1 itself, which then serves as a construction platform.
  • FIG. 1 the object a2 to be formed in the construction container a5 on the construction platform a12 is shown below the working plane a7 in an intermediate state with a plurality of solidified layers, surrounded by building material a13 which has remained unconsolidated.
  • the laser sintering apparatus a1 further comprises a reservoir a14 for a pulverulent build-up material a15 solidifiable by electromagnetic radiation and a coater a16 movable in a horizontal direction H for applying the build-up material a15 to the build field a8.
  • the laser sintering device a1 further comprises an exposure device a20 with a laser a21 which generates a laser beam a22 which is deflected by a deflection device a23 and by a focusing device a24 via a coupling window a25 which is attached to the upper side of the process chamber a3 in its wall a4 , is focused on the working level a7.
  • the laser sintering apparatus a1 contains a control unit a29, via which the individual components of the apparatus a1 are controlled in a coordinated manner for carrying out the building process.
  • the control unit a29 may include a CPU whose operation is controlled by a computer program (software).
  • the computer program can be stored separately from the device on a storage medium, from which it can be loaded into the device, in particular into the control unit a29.
  • the carrier a10 In operation, for the application of a powder layer, first of all the carrier a10 is lowered by a height which corresponds to the desired layer thickness. A layer of the pulverulent building material a15 is then applied by the method a16 over the working plane a7. To be on the safe side, the a16 coater pushes a slightly larger amount of build- ing material a15 before it is needed to build up the layer. The coater shifts the planned surplus of building material a15 a16 into an overflow tank a18. On both sides of the building container a5 a respective overflow tank a18 is arranged.
  • the application of the powdery building material a15 takes place at least over the entire cross section of the object to be produced a2, preferably over the entire construction field a8, ie the area of the working plane a7, which can be lowered by a vertical movement of the support a10.
  • the cross section of the object to be produced a2 is scanned by the laser beam a22 with a radiation exposure range, so that the powdery buildup material a15 is solidified at process sites which correspond to the cross section of the object a2 to be produced. These steps are repeated until the object a2 is completed and can be removed from the construction container a5.
  • the laser sintering device a1 further includes a gas supply passage a32, a gas inlet nozzle a30, a gas suction nozzle a31, and a gas discharge passage a33.
  • the gas flow a34 moves horizontally across the building field a8.
  • the gas supply and removal can also be controlled by the control unit a29.
  • the gas extracted from the process chamber a3 may be supplied to a filtering device (not shown), and the filtered gas may be returned to the process chamber a3 via the gas supply passage a32, thereby forming a circulating air system having a closed gas circuit.
  • a filtering device not shown
  • the filtered gas may be returned to the process chamber a3 via the gas supply passage a32, thereby forming a circulating air system having a closed gas circuit.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic partial sectional view of a device according to the invention with a pivotable gas outlet 32 in a plane corresponding to the section line D-D according to FIG.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the cuboid process chamber 3, which is surrounded by the planar, vertically rising chamber wall 4. Within the process chamber 3 is the rectangular construction field. 8
  • the chamber wall 4 has a rectangular, essentially horizontally extending opening 41, which lies on a side of the construction field 8 facing a building field edge 81. It is located at a height just above the construction field 8 and has a width which corresponds approximately to the length of the Baufeldrands 81.
  • a sectionally horizontally pivotable gas discharge channel 33 of the gas outlet 32 projects through the opening 41. It is composed of a fixed section 35 and a pivotable tubular section 36, which communicate with one another on a hinge 37. gig are connected and conduct a gas stream 34.
  • An outlet opening 31 is located on a construction-site-side end of the pivotable section 36 opposite the hinge 37. Its extension plane is orthogonal to the construction field 8 in every position of the pivotable section 36.
  • the position of the hinge 37 and the length of the pivotable portion 36 are matched to one another in such a way that the outlet opening 31 can be pivoted over the entire length of the construction field edge 81 without even painting the construction field 8 itself.
  • a blind may be attached to the pivotable portion 36, which moves with it and covers the opening 41 on both sides, if necessary beyond the opening 41 in front of or behind the chamber wall 4 pushes.
  • FIG. 3 shows a comparable schematic sectional view of the device with an alternative partially pivotable gas discharge channel 33: its horizontally pivotable tubular section 36 can be folded into a recess 42 in the chamber wall 4.
  • the niche 42 has a depth in the direction of the plane of the construction field 8, which corresponds at least to the diameter of the tubular section 36.
  • Its hinge 37 also lies in the niche 42 and connects it to a non-illustrated fixed portion of the Gasausab technicallykanals 33 at.
  • the stationary section may be connected to the hinge in a fluid-conducting manner vertically, horizontally or at another angle.
  • the pivotable section 36 has an outlet opening 31 of the gas outlet 32.
  • the pivoting range of the pivotable portion 36 allows the outlet opening 31, the construction field edge 81 to depart without projecting beyond the construction field 8 itself. Thus, its horizontal pivoting movement does not extend beyond the building site edge 81 into the construction field 8 or into the volume above the construction field 8. In this case, the volume above the construction field 8 is delimited from the remaining volume of the process chamber 3 or a3 by precipitating a solder onto the construction field edge 81.
  • the pivotable portion 36 folds into the niche 42 in order not to impair the working space between the construction field edge 81 and the chamber wall 4 during its operation.
  • FIG. 4 shows, in a further schematic sectional view, two partially pivotable gas discharge channels 33a, 33b, which are constructed in principle comparable to the gas discharge channel 33 of FIG. Also their respective hinges 37a, 37b as pivot points of their pivotable sections 36a, 36b lie in a recess 42 in the chamber wall 4, the dimensions of which correspond to those according to FIG.
  • Their outlet openings 31a, 31b can each be pivoted into quadrant arcs v between the niche 42 and an edge 81 of the construction field 8 facing it. Their smallest distance to the construction field edge 81 they reach at the left and right ends of the Baufeldrands 81.
  • both Gasabrioskanale 33a , 33b at the same time act on a central region of the edge of the construction field 81 so that they also provide a suitable gas flow 34 there (see FIG.
  • the two pivotable sections 36a, 36b can also be completely folded into the niche 42 for the same purpose and with the same advantages as explained with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further schematic sectional view, now with two different embodiments of a displaceable gas discharge channel on both sides of an axis of symmetry a:
  • the left-side gas discharge channel 33c is composed in the flow direction of a horizontal rail-guided outlet opening 31c, a subsequent flexible section 38c and a pivotable section 36c , which is fluid-connected to a fixed portion 35 on a hinge 37c.
  • the right-side gas feed channel 33d has an outlet opening 31d comparable to the outlet opening 31c, to which a flexible section 38d, for example, of a corrugated tube adjoins the stationary section 35, mechanically and fluidically directly, ie, in particular without the interposition of a hinge is coupled.
  • the pivotable section 36c and the flexible section 38d can be pivoted in a substantially V-shaped recess 43, which adjoins the opening 41 on its side facing away from the building field 8.
  • the outlet openings 31 c, 31 d run on a rail 50, which runs transversely through the entire opening 41 in the chamber wall 4 and parallel to the building field edge 81. In this way, the outlet openings 31c, 31d can be moved horizontally along the entire longitudinal extent of the construction edge 81, without them exceeding it and thus reaching the construction field 8.
  • she rail-guided run in the plane of the chamber wall 4, they hinder at no time the action of the unrepresented coater.
  • a partition wall, a limb curtain or a shutter 55 can be moved on the rail 50, which covers or closes the opening 41 next to the outlet openings 31 c, 31 d in alignment with the chamber wall 4. He / she can keep a moving space of the pivotable portion 36c and the flexible portion 38d within the V-shaped recess 43 of impurities.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further schematic sectional view with a rail-guided movable outlet opening 31 d and a flexible section 38 d in the V-shaped recess 43 as in FIG. 5.
  • the rail 50 lies close to the construction field edge 81, in order to be shorter Ways to interact with a gas inlet 30.
  • An arrangement of the outlet opening 31 d close to the building site also does not exclude the arrangement of a partition (not shown) for protecting the opening 41 in the chamber wall 4.
  • the outlet opening 31 d acts on the construction field 8 in a main direction of action corresponding to the axis b.
  • a gas inlet 30 which can be moved over the construction field 8 forms a flow cone 12 of the incoming process gas and, with its main direction of action corresponding to the axis c, is directed onto the chamber wall 4 at an angle.
  • the two axes b, c include an angle a.
  • the gas inlet 30 and the gas outlet 32 are therefore not aligned coaxially with each other.
  • an angle threshold value is stored for the angle a, which must not be exceeded. Otherwise, there could be a risk that the outlet opening
  • the flow cone 12 in the plan view shown here is a subset of a trapezoidal Zielbeströmungs- zone 21, which extends from the inlet opening of the gas inlet 30 in the direction of the outlet opening 31 d of the gas outlet 32.
  • the target flow zone 21 represents a defined minimum effective area of the gas inlet 32, from which impurities in the atmosphere of the process chamber 3 are effectively removed.
  • a semicircular target ventilation zone 22 which, in plan view, has a defined minimum effective area of the gas outlet
  • the location and, if appropriate, orientation and extent of the target flow zone 21 and the target ventilation zone 22 are coordinated in the activation in such a way with the position of the process station 9 on the construction field 8 that the most effective removal possible. Port of impurities from a near-field area of the process chamber 3 takes place above the construction field 8.
  • a particularly favorable alignment of the gas inlet 30 and the gas outlet 32 to one another in the present representation is shown by the fact that the flow cone 12 and thus a substantial portion of the contaminant emanating from the process station 9 and displaced by the inflowing gas are directed substantially directly into the outlet opening the gas outlet 32 is aimed. This reduces the likelihood of an undesired, longer than necessary stay of the impurity in the process chamber 3, z. B. in the form of a standing vortex or a roller.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further schematic sectional view of a gas outlet 32 with an alternative movable or displaceable outlet opening 31 e.
  • the V-shaped recess 43 which tapers from the opening 41 in the chamber wall 4, opens on its side facing away from the building panel into a fixed section 35e of a gas discharge channel 33e.
  • a plurality of fan-shaped arranged, also fixed vertical wall sections 39e In the flow direction in front there is a plurality of fan-shaped arranged, also fixed vertical wall sections 39e. They give the niche 43 the shape of a horizontally aligned outlet funnel.
  • Each outlet 39e opens on the building-site side with an outlet opening 31e in the plane of extent of the chamber wall 4.
  • Each outlet opening 31e can be closed in a fluid-tight manner, independently of an adjacent or different outlet opening 31e, by means of a slat 54 displaceable in the plane of the chamber wall 4 ,
  • FIG. 8 shows a view of the chamber wall 4 according to the section line VIII - VIII in FIG. 7.
  • the substantially horizontally extending rectangular opening 41 which extends transversely and over the length of the construction edge 81, divides geometrically into six square ones Surfaces 56. Two of these represent the outlet openings 31 e, the rest are closed by the fins 54.
  • the square surfaces 56 can each be switched independently of one another from a closed position into outlet openings 31e. In this way, the outlet openings 31e on the building site edge 81 can be changed very flexibly and quickly in their position. A change in position of the outlet openings 31 e lasts only as long as a square surface 56 is opened or closed.
  • the opening 41 can also be actuated in other patterns than the manner shown in FIG. 8, for example with only one outlet opening 31 e corresponding to a square area 56, with two or more adjoining surfaces 56 as outlet opening 31 e up to all opened surfaces 56 as a single outlet opening 31 e.
  • the outlet opening (s) 31e can be varied not only in their position but also in their size
  • the opening 41 can have exactly four horizontally displaceable lamellae 54, so that two square surfaces 56 remain unlocked as outlet openings 31 e.
  • the unlocked surfaces 56 and outlet openings 31 e may be arranged at each of the six positions within the opening 41 and also adjacent to each other.
  • Figure 9 shows a view of the chamber wall 4 with an opening 41. It is composed of two vertically in the chamber wall 4 superimposed rows 57 of six square surfaces 56 together. Each row 57 is constructed and driven in principle like the opening 41 in accordance with FIG. 8.
  • the displaceable lamellae 54 virtually form a limb curtain, which is resistant to high temperatures due to the temperatures prevailing in the process chamber 3.
  • the suction intensity at the building site edge 81 can be intensified locally.
  • one or more outlet openings can be opened 31 e move one above the other and independently of each other and adjust their position to the current requirements, for example, the position of multiple movable gas inlets or a current concentration or amount of impurities in the gas atmosphere over the construction field 8.
  • FIG. 10 shows a view of the chamber wall 4 according to the section line X - X in FIG. 5.
  • the rectangular opening 41 which extends transversely and over the length of the construction field edge 81, two outlet openings 31c or 31d can be horizontally displaced. ben. They thus cover the entire construction field edge 81 fluidically.
  • FIG. 11 provides a comparable view to FIG. 10, but with two openings 41 lying vertically one above the other.
  • outlet openings 31c or 31d can be moved horizontally. These can thus be moved completely independently of one another and, in particular in a vertical direction, bring about a higher concentration of their effectiveness.
  • the preceding production apparatuses described in detail are exemplary embodiments, they can be modified in a customary manner by a person skilled in the art to a great extent without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the concrete configurations of the outlet openings can also follow in a different form than described here.
  • the process chamber and the construction field can be configured in another form, if this is necessary for reasons of space or design reasons.
  • the use of the indefinite article "a” or "an” does not exclude that the features in question may also be present several times or more than once.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de fabrication (a1) pour la fabrication additive d'un objet tridimensionnel (a2), l'objet étant réalisé par application d'un matériau constitutif (a15) couche après couche et solidification sélective du matériau constitutif, notamment par apport d'énergie de rayonnement, en des emplacements (a9) de chaque couche qui sont associés à la section transversale de l'objet dans cette couche, les emplacements (a9) étant détectés avec au moins une zone d'action, notamment une zone d'action de rayonnement d'un faisceau de rayonnement énergétique (a22). En cours de fonctionnement, la sortie de gaz (32) mobile est associée à un emplacement de traitement de référence (9) et/ou à une zone d'aération cible (22) de la sortie de gaz (32) mobile, associée à l'emplacement de traitement de référence pour permettre la circulation du gaz de processus.
EP19715885.0A 2018-04-13 2019-04-02 Dispositif de fabrication et procédé de fabrication additive doté d'une sortie de gaz mobile Pending EP3774129A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018108834.5A DE102018108834A1 (de) 2018-04-13 2018-04-13 Herstellvorrichtung und Verfahren für additive Herstellung mit mobilem Gasauslass
PCT/EP2019/058261 WO2019197213A1 (fr) 2018-04-13 2019-04-02 Dispositif de fabrication et procédé de fabrication additive doté d'une sortie de gaz mobile

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP3774129A1 true EP3774129A1 (fr) 2021-02-17

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US (1) US20210362238A1 (fr)
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EP3431256B1 (fr) * 2017-07-21 2021-09-29 CL Schutzrechtsverwaltungs GmbH Appareil de fabrication additive d'objets tridimensionnels
US11802714B2 (en) * 2019-05-31 2023-10-31 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Exhaust manifold for additive manufacturing
FR3111286B1 (fr) * 2020-06-11 2022-09-09 Safran Machine de fabrication additive avec système d’écoulement gazeux

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EP3685941A1 (fr) * 2013-06-11 2020-07-29 Renishaw PLC Appareil et procédé de fabrication additive
EP3010672A2 (fr) 2013-06-20 2016-04-27 MTU Aero Engines AG Dispositif et procédé de fabrication additive d'au moins une partie d'une pièce
JP2015077754A (ja) * 2013-10-18 2015-04-23 ローランドディー．ジー．株式会社 三次元造形装置
DE102014000022A1 (de) * 2014-01-03 2015-07-09 Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von dreidimensionalen Objekten durch aufeinanderfolgendes Verfestigen von Schichten
DE102014209161A1 (de) * 2014-05-14 2015-11-19 Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems Steuereinheit, Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts
DE102014212100A1 (de) * 2014-06-24 2015-12-24 MTU Aero Engines AG Generatives Herstellungsverfahren und Vorrichtung hierzu mit entgegengesetzt gerichteten Schutzgasströmen
TWI529055B (zh) * 2014-10-27 2016-04-11 財團法人工業技術研究院 積層製造系統以及積層製造方法
EP3015197B1 (fr) * 2014-10-30 2017-03-08 MTU Aero Engines GmbH Dispositif de fabrication ou de réparation d'un objet tridimensionnel
DE102015121748A1 (de) * 2015-12-14 2017-06-14 Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh Vorrichtung zur generativen Herstellung eines dreidimensionalen Objekts
CN106513674B (zh) * 2016-09-20 2018-08-24 南京航空航天大学 3d打印金属粉末床成形腔体的保护气循环过滤装置及其优化方法
EP3473442B1 (fr) * 2017-10-20 2021-03-03 CL Schutzrechtsverwaltungs GmbH Appareil de fabrication additive d'objets tridimensionnels

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DE102018108834A1 (de) 2019-10-17
CN112118925B (zh) 2023-08-04
CN112118925A (zh) 2020-12-22
US20210362238A1 (en) 2021-11-25
WO2019197213A1 (fr) 2019-10-17

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