EP3757682B1 - Uhrwerk, das einen magnetischen hemmungsmechanismus umfasst - Google Patents

Uhrwerk, das einen magnetischen hemmungsmechanismus umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3757682B1
EP3757682B1 EP20165957.0A EP20165957A EP3757682B1 EP 3757682 B1 EP3757682 B1 EP 3757682B1 EP 20165957 A EP20165957 A EP 20165957A EP 3757682 B1 EP3757682 B1 EP 3757682B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic
magnetic moment
compensating
permanent magnet
norm
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EP20165957.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3757682A1 (de
Inventor
M. Gianni DI DOMENICO
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B13/00—Gearwork
    • G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C5/00—Electric or magnetic means for converting oscillatory to rotary motion in time-pieces, i.e. electric or magnetic escapements
    • G04C5/005—Magnetic or electromagnetic means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to watch movements provided with at least one rotating element participating in at least one magnetic system of the watch movement, this rotating element being provided with at least one functional permanent magnet forming said at least one magnetic system.
  • Rotating element means an element arranged in the watch movement so as to be able to undergo a certain rotation, in a given direction or in both directions.
  • this expression applies for example as much to an escape wheel as to a balance, an anchor or a rocker.
  • the invention relates to a timepiece, in particular a wristwatch, comprising at least one timepiece movement of the type described above.
  • watch movements comprising at least one magnetic system intervening in the operation of the watch movement are known from the prior art.
  • watch movements equipped with a magnetic escapement formed by a magnetic system in which participate at least one magnet carried by an anchor and at least one magnet carried by an escapement wheel are known.
  • Such magnetic escapements are described in particular in the documents EP_2887157 , EP_2911015 , EP_3128379 , EP_3217227 and CH_712154 .
  • Such watch movements are described in particular in the documents CH_709031 and CH_713070 .
  • the document BE 635 519 describes an electric clock with an electromagnetic oscillator, that is to say an oscillator carrying a magnet mounted in the middle of a torsion wire and maintained by an electric coil. So that an external magnetic field does not disturb the operation of the electromagnetic resonator, it is proposed to add a second magnet, with radial magnetization and of opposite polarity to that of the magnet of the resonator, on the torsion wire. Thus, an external magnetic field will not generate a parasitic force torque acting on the torsion wire.
  • the set of functional permanent magnets of a rotating element which forms a magnetic escapement of a watch movement, often has an overall magnetic moment whose component along the axis of rotation of the rotating element is non-zero.
  • the invention relates to a watch movement comprising a magnetic escapement formed by an escapement wheel and an anchor, at least one of which participates in a magnetic system of this magnetic escapement and is provided with at least one functional permanent magnet forming the system magnetic, the set of functional permanent magnets of the escape wheel or/and the set of functional permanent magnets of the lever having an overall magnetic moment oriented along a general direction of magnetization.
  • the escape wheel and/or the pallet each further comprise/comprise at least one permanent compensation magnet for said global magnetic moment, said at least one permanent compensation magnet being arranged so that the addition vector of the global magnetic moment with the compensating magnetic moment gives either a zero vector or a resultant vector whose norm is less than the norm of the global magnetic moment.
  • said at least one permanent compensation magnet is arranged so that, where appropriate, the norm of said resulting vector is less than half the norm of the overall magnetic moment.
  • the compensation magnetic moment is oriented along the general direction of magnetization and has a direction opposite to that of said overall magnetic moment. Moreover, the norm of the compensation magnetic moment is substantially equal to the norm of the overall magnetic moment.
  • a parasitic force torque generated by the global magnetic moment of all the permanent magnets operating in a uniform external magnetic field and applying to the rotating element considered (the escapement wheel or the lever) is at least partially compensated by a compensating force torque generated by the compensating magnetic moment in the uniform external magnetic field.
  • the total force torque acting on the rotating element when a uniform external magnetic field passes through the watch movement, has a low value which may be substantially zero.
  • the parasitic friction forces which would act, in the absence of said at least one permanent compensation magnet, on the two pivots of the rotating element in their respective bearings in the presence of a magnetic field are thus greatly reduced, or even substantially cancelled.
  • external uniform generating on all the functional permanent magnets a couple of parasitic force whose vector is not axial.
  • the magnetic escape wheel 4 comprises a shaft 8 having at its two ends two pivots 10 and 11 respectively arranged in two bearings 12 and 13 which define an axis of rotation 9 for the escape wheel.
  • This escape wheel conventionally comprises a pinion 14 for its drive by a barrel, generally via a kinematic chain formed by at least one mobile.
  • the permanent magnets forming the two magnetic tracks and said at least one permanent magnet forming said at least one magnetic pallet are called 'functional permanent magnets' by the fact that they actively participate in the magnetic system provided for coupling the wheel without contact. escapement with anchor.
  • the magnetic anchor further comprises a shaft 26 having at its two ends two pivots 28 and 29 respectively arranged in two bearings 30 and 31 which define an axis of rotation 27 for the magnetic anchor.
  • the magnetic anchor comprises an arm 32 connecting the magnetic pallet 34 to the shaft 26 and a rod 36 having at its end free a fork 38 and a dart 39.
  • the external magnetic field B Ext has a non-zero component B X.
  • the magnetic tracks or magnetic tracks 20, 21 both have a magnetization axis oriented along the Z axis and having the same direction, so that the overall magnetic moment of the functional permanent magnets forming these two magnetic tracks or magnetic tracks has a direction along the Z axis.
  • each functional magnet carried by the escape wheel has a magnetic moment which can be defined mathematically as being the integral of the magnetization over the entire volume of this functional magnet.
  • all of the functional permanent magnets of the escape wheel namely those forming the two magnetic tracks, have an overall magnetic moment oriented along the axis of rotation 9 of the escape wheel, i.e. i.e. along the Z axis.
  • an external magnetic field having a component B X When an external magnetic field B Ext passes through the escapement wheel, the global magnetic moment of this escapement wheel tends to align with the external magnetic field, similar to the needle of a compass .
  • an external magnetic field having a component B X generates, for a rotating element having an overall magnetic moment whose component along its axis of rotation is non-zero, a moment of force whose vector has a component M Y , along the Y axis, which is non-zero.
  • an external magnetic field having a non-zero radial component, relative to the axis of rotation of a rotating element fitted with magnets, generates, when this rotating element has an overall magnetic moment whose component along its axis of rotation is non-zero, a moment of force on the rotating element whose vector has a non-zero M XY radial component in the XY plane. From this radial component M XY of the moment of force generated by the external magnetic field results a radial force from each of the two pivots 10, 11 on the side surface of the hole of the respective bearing 12, 13 in which this pivot is arranged.
  • the escapement wheel 42 forming a rotating element, comprises a permanent magnet 44 for compensating for the overall magnetic moment presented by the set of functional permanent magnets of this escapement wheel.
  • the compensation permanent magnet is arranged so that the vector addition of said global magnetic moment with the compensation magnetic moment of this compensation permanent magnet gives either a zero vector, or a resulting vector whose norm is lower to the norm of the global magnetic moment.
  • the norm of said resultant vector is provided to be less than half the norm of said global magnetic moment.
  • the permanent compensation magnet may interact with other elements of the watch movement and generate a certain disturbance to the operation of these other elements or of components carrying the rotating element in question or these other elements.
  • the watch designer chooses not to fully compensate for a parasitic force torque which is applied to the rotating element considered and resulting from a coupling of said overall magnetic moment with a uniform external magnetic field.
  • the compensation magnetic moment is oriented along the general direction (Z axis) of said overall magnetic moment and has a direction opposite to that of this overall magnetic moment.
  • the norm of the compensating magnetic moment is provided substantially equal to the norm of the overall magnetic moment.
  • the compensation permanent magnet 44 is arranged in such a way as not to prevent all of the functional permanent magnets of the escapement wheel 42 from fulfilling their respective functions in the magnetic coupling system of this escapement wheel with a magnetic anchor. , for example similar to the magnetic anchor 6 of the Figure 2 .
  • the permanent compensation magnet is a ring-shaped magnet which is arranged around the pivoted shaft 8.
  • the annular compensation magnet is arranged under the two plates 16 and 18 on the side opposite to that of the drive pinion 14.
  • the escapement wheel 52 comprises a permanent compensating magnet 44A which is also annular in shape and arranged around the shaft 8A of this escapement wheel, against a shoulder of this shaft, but this magnet 44A is arranged here between the two trays 16 and 18 respectively carrying the two magnetic tracks 20 and 22. More particularly, the magnet 44A is arranged halfway between the two plates. This configuration is more optimal in the case where the external magnetic field which crosses the magnetic escapement wheel is not very uniform.
  • FIG. 5A and 5B An embodiment of the invention is shown which relates to a magnetic anchor 62, which forms a rotating element provided with at least one functional permanent magnet.
  • This magnetic anchor apart from the permanent compensation magnet 44B, is similar to that of the Figure 1 .
  • the Figure 5A is a section in a general plane comprising the axis of rotation 27 and the longitudinal axis of the rod 36.
  • the Figure 5B is a top view, without the representation of the upper landing.
  • the magnetic anchor is similar to a classic Swiss-type anchor. It comprises two magnetic pallets formed respectively by two permanent magnets 34 and 35 which are arranged respectively at the ends of two arms 32 and 33.
  • the two magnetic pallets constitute all the functional permanent magnets of the anchor 62.
  • the permanent magnets 34 and 35 both have an axial magnetization with the same polarity, so that the set of functional permanent magnets has, as for the magnetic escapement wheel described above, an overall magnetic moment oriented along the Z axis (orientation of the rotation axis).
  • the permanent compensation magnet 44B has a magnetic axis along the axis of rotation and a polarity reversed with respect to that of the two permanent magnets 34, 35.
  • the intensity of the magnetic field generated by the permanent compensation magnet 44B is selected in a manner similar to that previously described for the permanent compensation magnet 44, 44A of the escapement wheel 42 or 52.
  • the magnet 44B is also ring-shaped and arranged around the shaft 26 of the anchor. Preferably, this magnet 44B is arranged along the shaft 26 as close as possible to the general plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation and comprising the two magnets 34, 35 which participate in the magnetic coupling system of the magnetic anchor with a escape wheel, for example similar to that shown in Figure 3 , 4 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Uhrwerk mit einer magnetischen Hemmung, die teilweise durch ein Hemmungsrad (42; 52) gebildet ist, das zu einem magnetischen System dieser magnetischen Hemmung gehört und das mit mindestens einem funktionalen Permanentmagneten (20, 22) versehen ist, wobei die Gesamtheit der funktionalen Permanentmagneten des Hemmungsrades ein gesamtes magnetisches Moment aufweisen, das in einer allgemeinen Magnetisierungsrichtung ausgerichtet ist, dieses Hemmungsrad ferner mindestens einen Permanentmagneten (44; 44A) für den Ausgleich des gesamten magnetischen Moments aufweist, und der mindestens eine Ausgleichspermanentmagnet so angeordnet ist, dass die vektorielle Addition des gesamten magnetischen Moments und des magnetischen Ausgleichsmoments entweder einen Nullvektor oder einen resultierenden Vektor, dessen Norm kleiner als die Norm des gesamten magnetischen Moments ist, ergibt.
  2. Uhrwerk nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Hemmungsrad mindestens eine Platte (16) umfasst, die von einer Schwenkwelle (8, 8A) getragen wird, wobei diese Platte senkrecht zu der Drehachse (9) angeordnet ist und an ihrem Umfang funktionale Permanentmagneten (20) aus der Gesamtheit funktionaler Permanentmagneten trägt, und mindestens ein Ausgleichspermanentmagnet (44, 44A) die Schwenkwelle umgibt.
  3. Uhrwerk nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Hemmungsrad zwei Platten (16, 18) aus einem nicht magnetischen Material umfasst, die durch die Schwenkwelle getragen werden, und diese beiden Platten senkrecht zu der Drehachse (9) in einem gegenseitigen Abstand angeordnet sind und an ihrem Umfang auf der Seite eines Zwischenraums zwischen den beiden Platten jeweils funktionale Permanentmagneten (20, 22) tragen, die die Gesamtheit funktionaler Permanentmagneten bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ausgleichspermanentmagnet (44A) zwischen den beiden Platten in einem im Wesentlichen gleichen axialen Abstand zu ihnen angeordnet ist.
  4. Uhrwerk mit einer magnetischen Hemmung, die teilweise durch einen Anker (62) gebildet ist, der zu einem magnetischen System dieser magnetischen Hemmung gehört, wobei dieser Anker mindestens eine magnetische Palette aufweist, die jeweils durch einen funktionalen Permanentmagneten (34, 35) gebildet ist, die Gesamtheit der funktionalen Permanentmagneten dieses Ankers ein gesamtes magnetisches Moment besitzt, das in einer allgemeinen Magnetisierungsrichtung ausgerichtet ist, wobei dieser Anker ferner mindestens einen Permanentmagneten (44B) für den Ausgleich des gesamten magnetischen Moments umfasst, und der mindestens eine Ausgleichspermanentmagnet (44B) so angeordnet ist, dass die vektorielle Addition des gesamten magnetischen Moments und des magnetischen Ausgleichsmoments entweder einen Nullvektor oder einen resultierenden Vektor, dessen Norm kleiner als die Norm des gesamten magnetischen Moments ist, ergibt.
  5. Uhrwerk nach Anspruch 4, wobei der mindestens eine Ausgleichspermanentmagnet (44B) eine Schwenkwelle (26) des Ankers umgibt.
  6. Uhrwerk nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mindestens eine Ausgleichspermanentmagnet so angeordnet ist, dass gegebenenfalls die Norm des resultierenden Vektors kleiner als die Hälfte der Norm des gesamten magnetischen Moments ist.
  7. Uhrwerk nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das magnetische Ausgleichsmoment in der allgemeinen Magnetisierungsrichtung ausgerichtet ist und einen Richtungssinn aufweist, der zu jenem des gesamten magnetischen Moments entgegengesetzt ist, wobei die Norm des magnetischen Ausgleichsmoments im Wesentlichen gleich der Norm des gesamten magnetischen Moments ist.
  8. Uhrwerk nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mindestens eine Ausgleichspermanentmagnet so angeordnet ist, dass er die Gesamtheit der funktionalen Permanentmagneten nicht daran hindert, ihre jeweiligen Funktionen in dem mindestens einen magnetischen System zu erfüllen.
  9. Uhr, insbesondere Armbanduhr, umfassend ein Uhrwerk nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.
EP20165957.0A 2019-06-26 2020-03-26 Uhrwerk, das einen magnetischen hemmungsmechanismus umfasst Active EP3757682B1 (de)

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EP19182711 2019-06-26

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EP3757682B1 true EP3757682B1 (de) 2022-03-09

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Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA758698A (en) 1962-07-30 1967-05-09 L. Dewolf George Electro-mechanical frequency determining system
GB1167582A (en) * 1966-01-21 1969-10-15 Gen Electric Improvements in Electric Synchronous Motor Clocks
RU2670236C2 (ru) 2013-12-23 2018-10-19 Те Свотч Груп Рисерч Энд Дивелопмент Лтд Устройство регулирования угловой скорости колесного узла в часовом механизме, включающем магнитный спусковой механизм
EP2887157B1 (de) 2013-12-23 2018-02-07 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Optimierte uhrhemmung
CH709061A2 (fr) 2013-12-23 2015-06-30 Swatch Group Res & Dev Ltd Mécanisme d'échappement naturel.
EP3128379B1 (de) 2015-08-04 2019-10-02 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Hemmung mit hemmungsrad mit feldrampen und vorrichtung zur rücklaufsicherung
CH712154B1 (fr) 2016-02-18 2019-12-13 Swatch Group Res & Dev Ltd Mobile d'échappement magnétique d'horlogerie.
EP3217227B1 (de) 2016-03-11 2019-02-27 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Reguliermechanismus eines uhrwerks mit optimierter magnetischer hemmung
CH713070B1 (fr) 2016-10-25 2022-02-28 Swatch Group Res & Dev Ltd Mouvement mécanique d'horlogerie comportant un mécanisme résonateur à lames et un mécanisme d'échappement magnétique.

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