EP3756043A1 - Verre de lunettes pourvu d'une structure de diffraction pour la lumière - Google Patents

Verre de lunettes pourvu d'une structure de diffraction pour la lumière

Info

Publication number
EP3756043A1
EP3756043A1 EP19700880.8A EP19700880A EP3756043A1 EP 3756043 A1 EP3756043 A1 EP 3756043A1 EP 19700880 A EP19700880 A EP 19700880A EP 3756043 A1 EP3756043 A1 EP 3756043A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spectacle lens
diffraction structure
point
light
vector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19700880.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jannik Michael TRAPP
Toufic Jabbour
Manuel DECKER
Wolfgang Singer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Zeiss AG
Original Assignee
Carl Zeiss AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102018100705.1A external-priority patent/DE102018100705B4/de
Application filed by Carl Zeiss AG filed Critical Carl Zeiss AG
Publication of EP3756043A1 publication Critical patent/EP3756043A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/06—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses bifocal; multifocal ; progressive
    • G02C7/061—Spectacle lenses with progressively varying focal power
    • G02C7/063—Shape of the progressive surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/4205—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant
    • G02B27/4211—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant correcting chromatic aberrations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/4272—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having plural diffractive elements positioned sequentially along the optical path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1876—Diffractive Fresnel lenses; Zone plates; Kinoforms
    • G02B5/189—Structurally combined with optical elements not having diffractive power
    • G02B5/1895—Structurally combined with optical elements not having diffractive power such optical elements having dioptric power
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
    • G02C2202/20—Diffractive and Fresnel lenses or lens portions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C2202/00—Generic optical aspects applicable to one or more of the subgroups of G02C7/00
    • G02C2202/22—Correction of higher order and chromatic aberrations, wave front measurement and calculation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spectacle lens having a body which contains at least one diffraction structure which extends on a body surface and which is formed by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) dependent on the location in the body surface.
  • the invention also extends to a method for determining the design of a spectacle lens and to a method of manufacturing a spectacle lens.
  • a spectacle lens of the aforementioned type is known from WO 2015/177370 A1.
  • a spectacle lens is described for an observer, who has a body that is transparent or at least partially transparent to the light and has a phase object, which transmits the light incident on the side facing away from the observer at an angle of incidence ⁇ into one of the wavelength ⁇ of the observer Light and dependent on the angle of incidence a of the light direction.
  • the phase object has a plurality of locally different, discrete diffraction structures, each of which has only a microscopic extension of z.
  • 25 pm c 25 pm c have 25 pm and the monochromatic light of wavelength 380 nm ⁇ l ⁇ 800 nm with the diffraction efficiency h> 70% in one and the same order of diffraction
  • WO 99/34248 A1 specifies a spectacle lens with superposed holographic optical elements (HOE), which form a volume grating, by means of which the lens is placed on the spectacle lens under a specific position. If incident light is diffracted, resulting in a deflection of the light incident on the lens for this angle of incidence.
  • HOE holographic optical elements
  • WO 2014/064163 A1 describes a spectacle lens having a multiplicity of light-diffracting zones which have a different refractive power.
  • Spectacle lenses in the form of refractive progressive lenses allow an observer suffering from ametropia to observe objects arranged at different distances with a more or less sharp visual impression, even if the accommodative ability of the eyes of this observer is, for B. due to age no longer exists or has severe limitations.
  • visual zones relate to areas of the surface of a progressive lens which are interspersed from the viewing direction of an observer. If the observer peers through different visual zones, this observer can see objects in different object distances sharply, even if their eyes have no accommodation capacity or only limited accommodation capacity.
  • Refractive progressive lenses usually have a remote zone which, when these glasses are used as intended, is penetrated by the viewing direction of an eye of an observer looking into the distance. When looking through the remote zone, the objects arranged at infinity for the observer should be imaged sharply on the retina.
  • refractive progressive lenses in addition to the remote zone usually also have a so-called near zone, which is spaced from the remote zone and through which an observer during normal use of the progressive lens with a maximum accommodation looks through to a near distance (eg 40 cm ) to observe ob- jects in front of the eyes. Between the near zone and the far zone, progressive lenses often have a so-called progression channel. This progression channel connects the far zone with the near zone.
  • the refractive power of the progressive lens is locally different.
  • the basic aim is that the progression channel should be as wide as possible.
  • the achievable width of the progression channel is limited due to the differential geometric set of Minkwitz. From this mathematical theorem, it follows that an observer with an increasing width of the progression channel has to accept non-correctable astigmatic aberrations, ie astigmatism caused by the theorem of Minkwitz.
  • the imaging quality of refractive progressive lenses and the possible extent of the near-field and long-range zones of refractive progressive lenses are therefore fundamentally limited.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a spectacle lens for an observer, whose optical effect can be adapted to the needs of the observer for different viewing directions with an improved imaging quality, and a method for determining the design of such spectacle lens and a Fier thoroughlys vide for such Specify spectacle lens.
  • the optical effect of a spectacle lens is understood as the property of deflecting light.
  • the diffraction of light is understood to be the physical phenomenon of the change in the phase of the light caused by a phase object due to interactions between light and matter.
  • a phase object is a preferably transparent object that influences or changes the phase of the light.
  • the phase object In order for light to be diffracted at a phase object, the phase object must have a diffraction structure.
  • Such a diffraction structure represents a regular or even irregular spatial modulation of the complex refractive index, z. B. in the form of a grid, which may extend in one dimension or in two dimensions (even grid) or in three dimensions (volume grid).
  • a diffraction structure diffracts the light as a function of the angle of incidence of the light under which it strikes the diffraction structure and on the wavelength l of the light.
  • light When light is diffracted at a diffractive structure, it may be deflected in one or more different, discrete directions due to constructive interference. These directions are called diffraction orders in the present case and denoted by integer numbers 0, ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3,..., Where the central order is denoted by 0, and all other orders are numbered.
  • a positive diffraction order corresponds to a deflection angle for the light, which is positive
  • a negative diffraction order to a negative deflection angle related to the incident direction of the light.
  • > 1 diffracted light to the intensity of the n fallend A 'incident on a boundary surface of the diffraction structure at a certain angle of incidence a light is present as the diffraction efficiency of the diffraction structure referred h.
  • the interface of a diffractive structure may coincide with the surface of the transparent body of the spectacle lens, but it does not have to.
  • the interface of a diffraction structure can also be located within the transparent body.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that the diffraction efficiency of a diffraction structure in a layer of optically transparent material arranged on a support is dependent on: the wavelength of the light (1),
  • the thickness (d) of the layer in which the refractive index is modulated the amplitude (An) of the modulation of the refractive index (n),
  • the implicit relation due to the dependence between these quantities means that, for a given wavelength, the angle of incidence can be given, below which the layer in which the index of refraction is modulated effectively diffracts the light incident upon it, that is to say. H. such that the diffraction efficiency h is greater than a certain, basically selectable threshold value.
  • a spectacle lens according to the invention may, in particular, have a different optical effect for different viewing directions, similar to a progressive lens. Ie. for a parallel bundle of light rays which passes from the infinite through the side of the spectacle lens facing the object surface, the spectacle lens has a different refractive power, which depends solely on the diffraction of the light in, depending on the region in which the light beam passes through the spectacle lens the phase object of the spectacle lens or by a combined diffraction and refraction of the light in the spectacle lens can be caused.
  • a spectacle lens according to the invention for an observer can have a body transparent to the light or at least partially transparent with a phase object which front surface of the spectacle facing away from the observer with respect to the surface normal at an incident angle a to a surface normal n of the spectacle lens directs incident light in one of the wavelength l of the light and the angle of incidence a of the light dependent direction.
  • the phase object contains at least one diffraction structure which is extended in the body on a body surface which, when observing an object surface, corresponds to a different eye direction of an eye of the observer having an eye rotation point and a pupil center. through which the eye rotation point and the pupil center and the point on the object surface extending viewing direction beam can be traversed.
  • the diffraction structure is formed by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) dependent on the location in the area interspersed with the respective viewing direction.
  • the body of the spectacle lens may in particular have a sandwich structure comprising a substrate and a film adhered to the substrate, eg a photosensitive photopolymer-based film in which the diffraction structure is formed.
  • a film can be glued to the substrate, for example, only after its exposure or can be exposed in the substrate.
  • the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body forming the at least one diffraction structure is continuous.
  • the continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body is not only local, ie over a range whose extent is only a few pm, but also exists on a macroscopic scale.
  • the continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body can be global in particular.
  • the continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body preferably exists over a coherent region B of the body surface. for its diameter D defined as the supramum of the metric distance d (x, y) of any two points x, y arranged in the region of the body surface
  • the larger the diameter D of the contiguous region B of the body surface the larger is the field of view in which a spectator, by means of the spectacle lens, receives a continuous visual field. tion is ensured without jumps in a field of view perceived by the observer.
  • the diffraction structure converts a spherical light wave, which originates from a point observable by the observer under the respective viewing direction on the object surface, into a light wave running along the viewing direction which optically focuses the point on the object surface onto one in the object surface image plane in the eye of the observer.
  • the optically conjugate image surface may differ from a plane by including the optics of the eye of the observer. Namely, an eye capable of accommodation can compensate for changes in the object distance in different directions of view.
  • the optical effect of the spectacle lens according to the invention is thus determined in particular by the optical effect of the phase object.
  • optical effect of the spectacle lens does not necessarily have to be determined exclusively by the optical effect of the phase object.
  • An inventive spectacle lens can, for. B. also have a by the refraction of light in its transparent or at least partially transparent to the light body specific optical component of effect.
  • a light wave is understood to mean a vector which is perpendicular to the wavefront of a light wave and for the amount of which:
  • Kl t ⁇ where l is the wavelength of the light.
  • the at least one diffraction structure may be a hologram of an object point and a reference wave with visible light.
  • a hologram of an object point and a reference wave is here present and as described in Bergmann Schulfer, textbook of experimental physics, Volume 3, 10th ed., Publisher Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York (2004) on pages 437 and 438 on the basis of Fig. 3.104, whereupon here with reference and the disclosure content of the description of this fact being fully included in the disclosure content of this application, an interference pattern which is generated by superposition of a spherical light wave emitted by the object point and the reference wave.
  • the at least one diffraction structure can also be a hologram of at least a first reference wave W and a second reference wave W12.
  • the at least one diffraction structure to project into the object Observer's eye, at an angle to a line of sight beam, diffracts incident light with a high diffraction efficiency.
  • the hologram is preferably formed as an optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount has, being and unit vectors perpendicular to each other and A x , A y and A z are the respective lattice constants of the lattice in the direction of the unit vectors.
  • of the optical grating is preferably: 2.0 pm ⁇ 2tt /
  • the optical grating of the hologram for the light in the visible spectral range with the wavelength 400 nm ⁇ 1 ⁇ 800 nm has a high diffraction efficiency h, which can then be above 80%.
  • of the local grid vector k G38 may be globally constant in the grid of the hologram, ie, be constant in the contiguous area of the body area. It should be noted, however, that for the grid vector magnitude
  • ; F 38 (x, y), where F 38 (x, y) is a scalar function dependent on the location in the body surface.
  • the grating vector k G38 has, in particular, a grating vector amount which optimizes a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure for at least one viewing direction of the observer.
  • the inventors have found that by optimizing a globally constant grating vector amount, a high broadband diffraction efficiency of the diffractive structure in the spectacle lens can be achieved, but by optimizing the grating vector magnitude, aberrations of the optical aberration are also possible with broad banding high diffraction efficiency - to optimize the glasses, ie the optical aberrations of the glasses such as a spherical, astigmatic or chromatic imaging make errors so small that they are below a predetermined threshold.
  • the grating vector k G38 can have a direction optimizing the image point for at least one viewing direction of the observer.
  • the imaging error may correspond to an imaging error or multiple imaging errors from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus. That is to say that the aforementioned aberrations are made so small by optimization that they each lie below a predetermined threshold value. It is advantageous if the grating vector k G38 has a direction optimizing a diameter of the pixel for at least one viewing direction of the observer, ie it is ensured that the diameter of the pixel is below a predetermined value.
  • the grating vector k G38 can also have a diffraction efficiency h of the direction optimizing at least one diffraction structure for at least one viewing direction of the observer, ie it is ensured that the diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure is h: S, where S is is predetermined threshold.
  • a spectacle lens according to the invention may have a body which is transparent or at least partially transparent to the light, the diffraction structure in the body being extended on a body surface which, when viewing the object surface from different viewing directions, has an eye rotation point and a pupil center eye - Observation person corresponding, through the eye rotation point and the pillule center and the point on the object surface extending viewing direction beam can be penetrated.
  • Such a spectacle gas can have different optical effects for different directions of view.
  • the wavefront vector k wll 'of the first reference wave W and the wavefront vector k wi 2 of the second reference wave W12 and the grating vector k G38 of the hologram apply in a favorable manner to each point of the viewing direction beam on a side of the diffraction structure facing the observer.
  • the grating vector k G38 can have, for at least one viewing direction of the observer, a direction optimizing an aberration of the image point in the eye of the observer.
  • the imaging error can correspond to an aberration or multiple aberrations from the group of color aberration, astigmatism, coma, etc. That is to say, the aforementioned aberrations are minimized by optimizing them so that they are each below a predetermined threshold value.
  • the grating vector k G38 can have, for at least one viewing direction of the observer, a direction optimizing a diameter of the pixel in the eye of the observer.
  • the grating vector k G38 can alternatively or additionally also have a diffraction efficiency h of the direction optimizing the at least one diffraction structure for at least one viewing direction of the observation person, ie it is ensured that the diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure applies: h> S, where S is a predetermined threshold.
  • the body of the spectacle lens can in particular have a sandwich structure which contains a substrate and a film bonded to the substrate in which the at least one further diffraction structure is formed.
  • the at least one further diffraction structure can likewise be a hologram of at least one further first reference wave W 2i and a further second reference wave W 2 2, wherein the further first reference wave W 2i the first reference wave W diffracted by the least one diffraction structure or the second reference wave Wi 2 diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure.
  • the hologram may be formed as an optical grating comprising a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has.
  • of the optical grating of the hologram of the further diffraction structure is preferably: 2.0 pm ⁇ 2n /
  • can be globally constant in the grid of the hologram. It should be noted, however, that for the grid vector magnitude
  • ; F (x, y), where F (x, y) is a scalar function dependent on the location in the body surface.
  • the grating vector k G40 can have a grating vector amount that optimizes a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure for at least one viewing direction of the observer.
  • the grating vector k G40 for at least one viewing direction of the observer can have a direction of the picture pixel optimizing a Abbil.
  • the imaging error may correspond to an aberration or multiple aberrations from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus.
  • the grating vector k G40 can have a direction optimizing a diameter of the pixel for at least one viewing direction of the observer.
  • the grating vector k G40 can also have a direction optimizing a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure for at least one viewing direction of the observer.
  • the other the first reference wave W21 and the wavefront vector k W22 of the further second reference wave W22 and the grating vector k G40 of the hologram are valid: kw21 - kw22 ' kG40 -
  • the grating vector k G40 for at least one viewing direction of the observer can also have a direction optimizing a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure.
  • the hologram is a hologram of two pairs of reference waves (W21, W 22) or more pairs of reference waves (W 2i, W 22, W 2 3, W 24; ...) is.
  • the diffraction structures can be attached to a flattest surface.
  • this z. B. be the eye of an observer side facing away from the lens.
  • B. Bayfol HX may be formed by the company Covestro AG, which are cemented to the glass body of the spectacle lens.
  • free-form surfaces in a spectacle lens according to the invention are preferably arranged on the side of the spectacle lens facing away from the eye of an observer.
  • the inventors have recognized in particular that a long glass path between diffraction structures and a free-form surface positively influences the reduction of the variance of the spherical effect and the astigmatism.
  • the at least one diffraction structure in a spectacle lens according to the invention enables the center thickness in spectacle lenses with a high positive spherical shear effect and to reduce the edge thickness in spectacle lenses with a high negative spherical effect.
  • the invention also makes it possible to improve the mechanical stability of the spectacle lenses due to the diffraction structures introduced therein.
  • diffraction structures in the form of films and / or layer systems enable splinter protection.
  • the body can have a phase object which contains the at least one diffraction structure.
  • the phase object and the body deflects the light incident on a side of the spectacle lens remote from the observer with respect to the surface normal at an angle of incidence ai to a surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface from a point on an object surface to one of the wavelength l of the light and the angle of incidence ai of the light dependent direction.
  • the body is a refractive body with a refractive dispersion for the light incident on one side of the spectacle lens facing away from the observation person with respect to the surface normal at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface from the point on the object surface D ref l with i / A) sin a !
  • the body is a refractive body with a refractive dispersion D ref 2 P- L (1) here is the refractive index, which is generally dependent on the wave length l, of an optical medium arranged between the object surface and the body for the light.
  • h 2 (l) is the refractive index of the body for the light, which is generally dependent on the wave length l.
  • h 3 (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wavelength l, of an optical medium between the pupil and the body for the light.
  • a 4 is a position of the body surface on which the diffraction pattern is extended, on a surface normal at a light incident from the point on the object surface on the spectacle lens front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface, related deflection angle for that of the Point on the object surface to the spectacle lens front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface incident light.
  • the diffraction structure is a hologram of at least a first reference wave W and a second reference wave W12, which is formed as an optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has.
  • a proj 38 is the grating period of the projection of the grating vector with the body surface
  • the at least one further diffraction structure is in this case extended on a further body surface which can coincide with the first body surface and which is formed by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) dependent on the location in the body surface.
  • the at least one additional diffractive structure is a hologram of at least one further first reference wavelength W21 and a further second reference wave W 22, wherein the further first reference wave W21, the first means of the neglectedstes a diffraction structure diffracted reference wave W or the second means of the neglectedstes a diffraction structure diffracted Reference wave Wi 2 is.
  • the hologram of the further diffraction structure is designed as a further optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has.
  • the at least one further diffraction structure has, for the side of the spectacle lens facing away from the observer, with respect to the surface normal at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface incident from the point on the object surface and then refracted into the angle 02 with respect to the surface normal to a diffractive dispersion D diff 2 with
  • a 3 is a point of the further body surface through which the further diffraction structure extends, penetrating a surface normal at a point of the light incident from the point on the object surface onto the spectacle glass front surface at the angle of incidence ai relative to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface is a related deflection angle for the light incident from the point on the object surface on the eyeglass lens front surface at the incident angle ai to the surface normal of the eyeglass lens front surface.
  • the refractive dispersions D ref 1 , D ref 2 of the body and the diffractive dispersions D diff 1 , D diff 2 of the diffraction structures of the spectacle lens are:
  • the refractive dispersions D ref 1 , D ref 2 of the body and the diffractive dispersions D diff 1 , D diff 2 of the diffractive structures of the spectacle lens are: S ⁇ 0.12 cm / m, then there is a color error for under Use of the spectacle lens in a human eye generated image below the threshold of perception.
  • the refractive dispersions D ref 1 , D ref 2 of the body and the diffractive dispersions D diff 1 , D diff 2 of the diffraction structures of the spectacle lens are: S ⁇ 0.36 cm / m or S ⁇ 0.72 cm / m so is a color error for the image produced using the spectacle lens in a human eye in everyday use generally not disturbing.
  • One idea of the invention is, in particular, to optimize the shape of aspheres or free-form surfaces and diffraction structures with a cost function in the case of a spectacle lens such that aberrations, in particular chromatic aberrations, small and the glass thickness of the spectacle lens, for glasses with positive refractive power, the center thickness, For glasses with negative refractive power, the edge thickness is as low as possible.
  • the invention proposes an optimization method which can be multi-level in particular and in which the target values of the optimization are repeatedly adapted.
  • a cost function can be so diffraction structures and spectacle lens parameters such.
  • the invention proposes that the grating vector k G38 of the diffraction structure and the grating vector k G40 of the further diffraction structure represent a cost function for at least one viewing direction of the observer
  • K iSPH : a 3 (SPH is -SPH soll ) as a spherical aberration of the point on the object surface
  • K iAST : a 4 (AST is -AST soll) as an astigmatic aberration of the point on the object surface
  • the grating vector k G38 of the diffraction structure and the grating vector k G40 of the further diffraction structure for a multiplicity of viewing directions i of the observer have a cost function K optimizing grating vector amounts
  • have, wherein the cost function K includes a cost function term K with:
  • K iSPH : a i3 (SPH is -SPH soll ) as a spherical aberration of the point on the object surface
  • K iAST : a i4 (AST is -AST soll) as an astigmatic aberration of the point on the object surface
  • K iFF a i5 (FF-FF soll) as a chromatic aberration of the point on the object surface
  • the spectacle lens has a geometry of the body, in particular a center thickness of the body and / or a front radius of the body and / or a back radius of the body the cost function K optimizing values.
  • the geometry of the body can have an aspherical shape or an open-surface shape of the spectacle glass front surface and / or the spectacle glass back surface descriptive coefficients.
  • a geometry and an object surface as well as an optical transmission function are specified for the spectacle lens.
  • a phase object is then calculated which transmits the light incident on one side of the spectacle lens at an angle of incidence a to a surface normal n of the spectacle lens front surface into one of the wavelength l of the light and Direction of the angle of incidence a of the light directs direction.
  • the phase object includes at least one diffractive structure extending in the body on a body surface, which corresponds to the observation of an object surface from an eye of the observer having an eye pivot and a pupil center, through the eye pivot and the pupil center, and the point on the body Object surface extending direction of view beam can be penetrated.
  • the diffraction structure is formed by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body surface dependent on the location (x, y) interspersed with the viewing direction.
  • the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) forming the at least one diffraction structure is continuous in the region of the body that can be enforced from a viewing direction.
  • the continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body is not only local but consists also on a macroscopic scale.
  • the continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body can be global in particular.
  • the continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body preferably consists of a contiguous region B of the body surface, for which the supremum of the metric distance d (x, y) of any two, in the region of the body surface arranged points x, y, defined diameter D with
  • the diffraction structure converts a spherical light wave, which originates from a point on the object surface, which is penetrated by the viewing direction, into a light wave running along the viewing direction, which points the point on the object surface onto an image point which is optically conjugate to the object surface the eye of the observer.
  • the at least one diffraction structure is a hologram of at least a first reference wave W and a second reference wave W12, wherein the hologram is formed as an optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has.
  • of the optical grating is preferably: 2.0 pm ⁇ 2p /
  • the aberration may correspond to one aberration or multiple aberrations from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma.
  • of the grid vector k G40 for at least one viewing direction of the observer can be optimized to minimize a diameter of the pixel in the eye of the observer.
  • of the grating vector k G40 can also be optimized for at least one viewing direction of the observer. that a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure is maximized.
  • the direction of the grating vector k G40 is preferably optimized for at least one viewing direction of the observer in order to thereby optimize an imaging error of the pixel in the eye of the observer.
  • the aberration can correspond to an aberration or several aberrations from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma or defocus.
  • the grating vector k G40 can alternatively or additionally also be optimized for at least one viewing direction of the observer in order to minimize a diameter of the pixel in the eye of the observer.
  • the grating vector k G40 can also be optimized for at least one viewing direction of the observer in order to maximize a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure.
  • the body may include a phase object including the at least one diffractive structure, wherein the phase object and the body are the side of the spectacle lens remote from the observer with respect to the surface normal at an incident angle ai to a surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface directing light incident from a point on an object surface into a direction dependent on the wavelength l of the light and on the angle of incidence ai of the light.
  • the body is at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal of the front surface of the spectacle lens of FIG the light incident on the object surface is a refractive body with a refractive dispersion D ref L with
  • the body is a refractive body with a refractive dispersion D ref 2
  • ⁇ (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wavelength l, of an optical medium arranged between the object surface and the body for the light
  • h 2 (l) the refractive index of the body generally dependent on the wave length l for the light
  • h 3 (l) the refractive index, generally dependent on the wavelength l, of an optical medium between the pupil and the body for the light.
  • a 4 is a point of the body surface on which the diffraction structure extends, extending to a surface normal at a point of the light incident from the point on the object surface on the spectacle lens front surface at the incidence angle ai to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface, related deflection angle for the light incident from the point on the object surface to the spectacle lens front surface at the incident angle ai to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface.
  • the diffraction structure is a hologram of at least one first reference wave W and one second reference wave W12, which is formed as an optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has.
  • L proj.38 is the lattice period of the projection of the lattice vector with the body surface
  • a 3 extends to a surface normal at a location of the further surface of the body from which the light incident from the point on the object surface is incident on the spectacle lens front surface at the incidence angle ⁇ i to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface, at which the further diffraction structure extends is a related deflection angle for the light incident from the point on the object surface on the eyeglass lens front surface at the incident angle ai to the surface normal of the eyeglass lens front surface.
  • the grating vector k G38 of the diffraction structure and the grating vector k G40 of the further diffraction structure for at least one viewing direction of the person under observation can be grating vector amounts
  • K iSPH : a 3 (SPH is -SPH soll ) as a spherical aberration of the point on the object surface
  • K iAST : a 4 (AST is -AST soll) as an astigmatic aberration of the point on the object surface
  • the grating vector k G38 of the diffraction structure and the grating vector k G40 of the further diffraction structure for a plurality of viewing directions i of the observer can be grid vector amounts
  • K iSPH : a i3 (SPH is -SPH soll ) as a spherical aberration of the point on the object surface
  • K iAST : a i4 (AST is -AST soll) as an astigmatic aberration of the point on the object surface
  • K iFF a i5 (FF-FF soll) as a chromatic aberration of the point on the object surface
  • a geometry of the body in particular a center thickness of the body and / or a front radius of the body and / or a back radius of the body can have the cost function K optimizing values.
  • the geometry of the body may have an aspherical shape or an open-surface shape of the spectacle glass front surface and / or the spectacle glass rear surface describing coefficients.
  • a positive refractive power can be predefined for the spectacle lens, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K edge with: where RD is an actual value for the center thickness of the spectacle lens and wherein RD soii is a target value for the center thickness of the spectacle lens.
  • a negative refractive power can also be predetermined, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K Ran d with: where RD is an actual value for the edge thickness of the spectacle lens and wherein RD should be a target value for the edge thickness of the spectacle lens.
  • Grid vector k G40 of the further diffraction structure and the geometry of the body for at least one viewing direction of the observer can be optimized to optimize at least one aberration of the viewpoint described in the cost function K in the eye of the observer.
  • a phase object is generated which contains at least one hologram of a first reference wave W generated by a light modulator and a second reference wave W12 generated by means of a light modulator or which contains a computer-generated hologram.
  • Fig. 1 is a pair of glasses with a left and a right spectacle lens, the one
  • FIG. 2 shows an observer with the glasses
  • 3 shows a section of the right-hand spectacle lens of the spectacles shown in FIG. 1 with the right eye of the observer and with an object surface
  • 4 shows the modulation of the refractive index in a diffraction structure of the
  • 5 shows a partial section of the left-hand spectacle lens
  • 6 shows the optical effect and properties of a first diffraction structure and a further diffraction structure of the phase object in the spectacle lens
  • Fig. 7 shows the diffraction efficiency h of a diffraction structure for light in one
  • FIG. 8 shows the diffraction efficiency h of a diffraction structure formed as a multiplexing volume grating in a spectacle lens as a function of the angular deviation Da from a line of sight beam which is bent by an angle a;
  • FIGS. 9a and 9b and FIG. 9c show the diffraction efficiency h of a diffraction structure for light in a spectacle lens for different angles of incidence of the light on the diffraction structure and different wavelengths 1 of the light at different grating constants A G ;
  • FIG. 10 shows a section of another, right spectacle lens for a pair of glasses with the right eye of an observer and with a
  • Object surface which has a first diffraction structure and another Diffraction structure with grating vectors and a geometry of the body of the spectacle lens that minimize a cost function
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged partial view of the area XI in Fig. 10 with a
  • Fig. 12 shows the distribution of refractive power and astigmatism and a
  • FIG. 14 shows the distribution of refractive power and astigmatism and a
  • Fig. 15 shows the distribution of refractive power and astigmatism and a
  • the spectacles 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a spectacle frame 12, in which a left and a right spectacle lens 16, 18 is accommodated.
  • the glasses 10 can also be designed as a monocle with only a spectacle lens.
  • the spectacle lenses 16, 18 each have a transparent body for the visible light.
  • the design of the spectacle lens 16 corresponds in principle to the construction of the spectacle lens 18.
  • the transparent body for the visible light the lenses 16, 18 is made of a transparent to the visible light plastic.
  • FIG. 2 shows an observer 24 with the spectacles 10 when observing an object surface 28.
  • the transparent body of the left spectacle lens 16 is penetrated by the viewing direction 30 of the left eye 32 of the observer 24.
  • the object surface 28 in FIG. 2 is a curved surface in two mutually perpendicular directions.
  • the viewing direction 30 of the left eye 32 passes through the spectacle lens 16 and the viewing direction of the right eye through the spectacle lens 18 in different areas.
  • Defective vision of the left eye 32 and the right eye of the observer 24 is compensated by means of the left and right spectacle lenses 16, 18 such that the observer 24 sees the object surface 28 sharply at the different points.
  • the lenses 16, 18 have for this purpose on the left 32 and the right eye of the observer 24 and the course of the object surface 28 and the arrangement of the object surface 28 with respect to the observer 24 tuned optical effect.
  • This optical effect can be individualized for the observer 24 in particular.
  • the object surface 28 may be a free-form surface.
  • the object surface 28 can have a basically arbitrary shape, eg.
  • the object surface 28 may be curved or bent or even a plane.
  • FIG. 3 is a section of the spectacle lens 18 from FIG. 1 with the right eye 34 of the observer 24 and the object surface 28 at different viewing directions 30, 30 '.
  • the body 36 of the spectacle lens 16 contains a carrier made of an optical plastic. Basically, the wearer in the body 36 but also z. B. consist of a mineral glass.
  • the phase object 20 in the body 36 of the spectacle lens 16 has an optical effect.
  • the phase object 20 has a first diffraction structure 38 in the form of a first grating formed as a volume grating and a further diffraction structure 40 in the form of a grating designed as a volume grating.
  • the first diffraction structure 38 extends in the body at a first body surface 42, which, when the object surface 28 is observed, is penetrated by a line of sight beam 31, 31 '.
  • the line of sight beam 31, 31 ' penetrates here the body surface 42 at the point 54 or at the point 54'.
  • the course of the gaze beam 31, 31 ' depends on the viewing direction 30, 30'.
  • the line of sight beam 31, 31 ' is a main beam of the optical image in the image surface 28' optically conjugate to the object surface 28 on the ocular fundus of a point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 observed by the observer 24 in the viewing direction 30, 30' Viewing beam 31, 31 'extends through the eye pivot 50 and the pupil center 51, 51'.
  • the further diffraction structure 40 also extends in the body of the spectacle lens 16 at a further body surface 44, which, when viewing the object surface 28, receives the viewing direction beam 31, 31 'corresponding to the viewing direction 30, 30' of the eye 34 of the observer 24 the points 56, 56 'is enforced.
  • the line of sight beam 31, 31 ' is generally refracted during the penetration of the spectacle lens and it is diffracted in the phase object 20 by the diffraction structures 38, 40.
  • the body surfaces 42, 44 are cutting surfaces of the glasses glass 16, 18, which may in particular be curved. It should also be noted that the body surfaces 42, 44, along which the diffraction structures 38, 40 of the phase object 20 are extended in a spectacle lens 16, 18, also can coincide. In this case, the diffraction structures 38, 40 of the phase object 20 in a spectacle lens 16, 18 abut each other and the diffraction structures 38, 40 are then not spaced apart.
  • the phase object 20 deflects the spectacle glass front surface 46 of the spectacle lens 16, which is directed on a viewing beam 31, 31 'at an angle of incidence ⁇ to the local surface normal 48, into one of the wavelength ⁇ of the light and of the spectacle lens the angle of incidence a of the light dependent direction.
  • the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) forming the first diffraction structure 38 and the further diffraction structure 40 in the body 36 of a spectacle lens 16, 18 which is enforceable from different directions when wearing the spectacles 10 shown in FIG. 1 is one in each case continuous function of the location in the body surfaces 42, 44 in the spectacle lens 18.
  • the diffraction structures 38, 40 in the phase object 20 of the spectacle lens 18 transmit a spherical light wave which can be observed by one of the observers 24 under the respective viewing direction 30, 30 ' Point 14, 14 'originates on the object surface 28, in a along the Be ickricht- jets 31, 3T extending light wave, the point 14, 14' on the object surface 28 on a in the object surface 28 optically conjugate image surface 28 'lying Image point 15, 15 'in the eye 34 of the observer forms.
  • the left lens 16 in a manner corresponding to the right glasses glass 18 causes an optical imaging of points 14, 14 'on the observed object surface 28 on the fundus, the lie on the line of sight of the then right eye of the observer 24 corresponding sight line rays.
  • FIG. 4 shows the continuous modulation 47 of the refractive index n along a curve in the body surface 42 of FIG. 3 having the amplitude 49 in a section of the diffraction structure 38.
  • FIG. 5 is a section of the body surface 42 Diffraction structure 38 in the eyeglass lens 18.
  • the diffraction structure 38 is a volume lattice having a constant thickness d and its lattice vector has a generally location-dependent dependent direction, where A x , A y , A z are the local lattice constants of the volume lattice of the diffraction structure 38 in the three different spatial directions.
  • f (x, y) is a continuously differentiable groove number function optimized according to the required optical transfer function of the diffraction structure after the spatial variables x and y and where and
  • may be a generally non-constant scalar function F 38 (x, y) depending on the location in the body surface 42.
  • the diffraction structure 40 in a spectacle lens 16, 18 is also a volume mesh having a constant thickness d and its grating vector again has a constant amount but a location-dependent direction.
  • may be a generally non-constant scalar function F 40 (x, y) depending on the location in the body surface 42.
  • FIG. 6 explains the optical effect and properties of the first diffraction structure 38 and the further diffraction structure 40 of the phase object 20 in the spectacle lens 16.
  • the volume grating of the first diffraction structure 38 has a groove density df (x.y) on the side facing the eye 34 of the observer 24.
  • This property of the diffraction structure 38 implies that the direction of the grating vector in the volume lattice of the diffraction structure must be adapted to each possible directional beam 31 through the lens 16, 18, as the amount
  • the first diffraction structure 38 is a hologram of a first reference wave Wn and a first reference wave Wn second reference wave W12, wherein the first reference wave W is a spherical wave of a point light source arranged in the eye 34 of the observer 24 on or in the vicinity of the eye pivot point 50, it can be achieved that the diffraction structure 38 corresponds to that of a directional beam 31 lying on the object surface 28 emitted light, which passes through the pupil 52 of the eye 34 of the observer, is diffracted with a maximum diffraction efficiency h in a pixel 15 on the object surface 28 conjugate image surface 28 '.
  • the wave front vector k wll 'of the first reference wave W and the wavefront vector k wi 2 of the second reference wave W12 as well as the grating vector k G38 are provided on each side of the diffraction structure 38 facing the line of sight 31, 31' of the hologram is linked as follows: kwilkwi2 kG38 -
  • FIG. 7 shows the diffraction efficiency h of the diffraction structure 38 for light which is diffracted at an angle DQ to a line of sight beam 31 as shown in FIG. 3 through the pupil 52 into the eye 34 of the observer 24.
  • the diffraction structure 38 which is a hologram of a first reference wave W and a second reference wave Wi 2 , ensures the first reference wave W a spherical wave in the eye 34 of the observer 24 on or in the eye
  • the point light source arranged near the eye pivot point 50 is such that not only the light on a line of sight 31 but also the light which passes into the eye 34 of the observer at an angle of -2.5 ° ⁇ DQ ⁇ 2.5 ° Diffraction structure 38 is diffracted.
  • the diffraction structure 38 acts as a multiplexing volume grating and thus allows the diffraction of light with the diffraction efficiency h shown in FIG. 8, which at angle DQ to a line of sight steel 31 in the eye 34 of Observant 24 is incident.
  • the diffraction efficiency h is more than 95%.
  • the further diffraction structure 40 shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 in the light-emitting glass 16, 18 has the function of minimizing and, if possible, compensating for a chromatic aberration caused by the dispersion in the diffraction structure 38.
  • the further diffraction structure 40 is also a hologram of a further first reference wave W 2i and a further second reference wave W 22 .
  • the position of the further diffraction structure 40 for the wavefront vector k W21 'of the further first reference wave W 2i and the wavefront vector k W22 of the further second reference wave apply to each point of the viewing direction beam 31, 31' W 22 and the grating vector k G40 of the hologram: kw21- kw22 kG40> wherein the further first reference wave W 2i the first reference wave Wn diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure or the second reference wave Wi 2 diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure to the hologram of the first diffraction structure 38 is.
  • the diffraction structure 40 in the phase object 20 of the spectacle lens 18 diffracts the light, which is diffracted by the diffraction structure 38 into a first diffraction order 01, into a diffraction order O 2 opposite this diffraction order, where:
  • Such a diffraction structure acts as a multiplexing
  • the grating vector k G38 and the grating vector k G40 in the diffraction structure 38 and the diffraction structure 40 of the phase object 20 have a direction basically dependent on the location in the spectacle lens 16, 18, which ensures that the aberration of the pixel in the eye 32, 34 of the observation object - person 24 is minimal.
  • the direction of the grating vector k G38 and the grating vector k G40 in the diffraction structure 38 and the diffraction structure 40 is optimized for this purpose in an optimization method for the smallest possible aberration.
  • the aberration can z.
  • the direction of the grating vector k G38 and the grating vector k G40 in the diffraction structure 38 and the diffraction structure 40 can alternatively or additionally also be optimized such that for the possible different viewing directions 30, 30 'of the observer 24 through the spectacle lens 16, 18 a diameter of the pixel in the eye 32, 34 of the observation person 24 is minimal.
  • the optimization of the grating vector k G38 and the grating vector k G40 in the diffraction structure 38 and the diffraction structure 40 can also take place such that the diffraction efficiency h for the light incident on the spectacle lens 16, 18 in different possible viewing directions is as far as possible is great.
  • of the grating vector k G38 , k G40 of the diffraction structures 38, 40 which depend on the location in the body surfaces 42, 44, a grating vector k G38 , k G40 for at least one viewing direction 30, 30 'of the observer 24 has one Image error 15, 15 'lattice vector amount can optimize.
  • the aberration may correspond to a mapping error or multiple aberrations from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus.
  • for at least one viewing direction 30, 30 'of the observer 24 also have a grid vector amount optimizing a diameter of a pixel 15, 15'.
  • This optimization can z. B. carried out on the basis of a cost function, the AbticiansComm and / or color errors and / or the diffraction efficiency h of the diffraction structures 38, 40 in the spectacle lens 16, 18 evaluated.
  • FIG. 10 shows a section of another, right spectacle lens 18 'for a pair of spectacles with the right eye 34 of an observer and with an object surface 28 and an object surface at different viewing directions 30, 30'.
  • FIG. 11 is an enlarged partial view of the section with a line of sight 31 for the viewing direction 30.
  • the body 36 of the spectacle lens 18 ' also contains here a carrier made of an optical plastic.
  • the carrier in the body 36 but also z. B. consist of a mineral glass.
  • the phase object 20 contains a diffraction structure 38.
  • the phase object 20 and the body 36 deflects the side of the spectacle lens 18 'facing away from the observer 24 with respect to the surface normal 48 at an incident angle ai to a surface normal 48 of the spectacle glass front surface 46 a point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 incident light in one of the wavelength l of the light and the angle of incidence ai of the light dependent direction.
  • Both the first diffraction structure 38 and the further diffraction structure 40 are formed as a volume grating.
  • the first diffraction structure 38 extends in the body on a first body surface 42 which, when the object surface 28 is observed, is penetrated by a line of sight beam 31, 3T.
  • the line of sight beam 31, 3T penetrates the body surface 42 at the point 54 or at the point 54 '.
  • the course of the sight line beam 31, 31 ' depends on the viewing direction 30, 30'.
  • the line of sight beam 31, 31 ' is a main ray of the optical image in the image surface 28' optically conjugate to the object surface 28 on the ocular fundus of a point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 observed by the observer 24 in the viewing direction 30, 30'
  • the line of sight beam 31, 31 ' extends through the eye pivot point 50 and the pupil center 51, 51'.
  • the further diffraction structure 40 is also extended in the body of the spectacle lens 18 'on a further body surface 44 which, when viewing the object surface 28, is aligned with the line of sight 31, 31' corresponding to the viewing direction 30, 30 'of the eye 34 of the observer 24. is penetrated at the points 56, 56 '.
  • the line of sight beam 31, 31 ' as shown in FIG. 10, is generally refracted during the penetration of the spectacle lens and is diffracted in the phase object 20 by the diffraction structures 38, 40.
  • the body surfaces 42, 44 are cutting surfaces of the glasses glass 18 ', which may in particular be curved. It should also be noted that the body surfaces 42, 44, along which the diffraction structures 38, 40 of the phase object 20 are extended in the spectacle lens 18 ', may also be coincident. In this case, the diffraction structures 38, 40 of the phase object 20 are in a spectacle lens 18 'together and the diffraction structures 38, 40 are then not spaced apart.
  • the diffractive structures 38, 40 in the phase object 20 of the spectacle lens 18 transmit a spherical light wave, which differs from one of the Observation person 24 under the respective viewing direction 30, 30 'observable point 14, 14' on the object surface 28 results in a along the line of sight rays 31, 31 'extending light wave, the point 14, 14' on the object surface 28 to a in the zu the object surface 28 optically conjugate image surface 28 'lying image point 15, 15' in the eye 34 of the observer forms.
  • the refractive index modulation forming the first diffraction structure 38 and the further diffraction structure 40 is continuous over a contiguous region B of the body surface 42, for which, as the supremum of the metallic distance d (x, y) of any two, in the region of Body surface 42 arranged points x, y, defined diameter D is:
  • the body 36 is light incident on the object surface 28 from the point 14, 14 'with respect to the surface normal 48 at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal 48 of the spectacle lens front surface refractive body with a refractive dispersion D ref with
  • the body 36 is refractive with respect to the surface normal 59 at the exit angle from light emerging from the point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28
  • ((l) is the refractive index of the optical medium for the light, generally dependent on the wave length l, of the optical medium disposed between the object surface 28 and the body 36, nh 2 (l) being the one generally dependent on the wavelength ⁇
  • the refractive index of the body 36 for the light, h 3 (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wave length l, of an optical medium for the light arranged between the pupil 52 and the body 36.
  • a 4 is a point of the body surface 42 penetrated on a surface normal 58 at a point of the body surface 42 penetrating from the point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 to the spectacle glass front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal 48 of the spectacle glass front surface 46 the diffraction structure 38 extends, related deflection angle for the light incident from the point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 on the spectacle lens front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal 48 of the spectacle lens front surface 46.
  • the diffraction structure 38 is a hologram of at least a first reference wave W and a second reference wave W12, which is formed as an optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector 0 with a grid vector amount Has. 5
  • a proj .38 is the grating period of the projection of the grating vector
  • the further diffraction structure 40 in the spectacle lens 18 diffracts the light diffracted by the diffraction structure 38 into a first diffraction order 01 into a diffraction order O 2, for which the following applies:
  • the further diffraction structure 40 in the spectacle lens 18 ' is extended on a further body surface 44, which may coincide with the first body surface 42 and which is limited by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (FIG. 2) dependent on the location 54, 56 in the body surface 44. x, y) is formed.
  • the further diffraction structure 40 is a hologram of at least one further first reference wave W 2i and a further second reference wave W 22 .
  • the further first reference wave W 2i is the first reference wave W diffracted by means of the least one diffraction structure 38 or the second reference wave W 2 diffracted by means of the least one diffraction structure 38.
  • the hologram of the further diffraction structure 40 is formed as a further optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has.
  • the further diffraction structure 40 has, for the side of the spectacle lens 18 'facing away from the observation person 24, with respect to the surface normals 48 at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal 48 the spectacle lens front surface 46 incident from the point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 and then refracted at the angle 02 with respect to the surface normal 48 a diffractive dispersion D diff 2 , for which applies:
  • a Proj. 4o is the grating period of the projection of the grating vector of the further optical grating on the other body surface 44 with
  • a 3 is a point of the further body surface 44 interspersed with a surface normal 57 at a point of the light incident from the point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 on the spectacle glass front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal 48 of the spectacle glass front surface 46 the further diffraction structure 40 extends, related deflection angle for the incident from the point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 on the spectacle lens front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal 48 of the Bril lenglasvorder Structure 46 incident light.
  • the refractive dispersions fulfill errors! A digit was expected, and mistakes! One digit was expected, with the diffractive dispersion error! A digit was expected, and mistakes! One digit was expected, the following relation
  • the grating vector k G38 of the diffraction structure 38 and the grating vector k G40 of the further diffraction structure 40 have grating vector gains
  • that optimize a cost function K for a multiplicity of different viewing directions i Cost Function Term K contains with:
  • K iSPH : a i3 (SPH is -SPH soll ) as a spherical aberration of the point 14 on the object surface 28
  • K iAST : a i4 (AST is -AST soll ) as an astigmatic aberration of the point 14 on the object surface 28
  • the grating vector k G38 of the diffraction structure 38 and the grating vector k G40 of the further diffraction structure 40 and the geometry of the body 36 are optimized for at least one viewing direction 30 of the observer 24 to at least one aberration of the viewpoint in the eye 32 described in the cost function K. 34 to optimize the observer, ie to keep it as low as possible.
  • the center thickness of the body 36 and a front radius of the body 36 and a back radius of the body 36 have values which optimize the cost function K, the geometry of the body 36 having coefficients describing aspherical shape.
  • the geometry of the body 36 can alternatively or additionally also have a free-surface shape of the spectacle glass front surface 46 and / or a free-surface shape of the spectacle glass rear surface describing coefficients.
  • the right-hand spectacle lens 18 'described above can basically also be a left-hand spectacle lens, like the spectacle lens 16 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the optical imaging of points 14, 14 'on the observed object surface 28 on the ocular fundus causes here that corresponding to the viewing direction of the then right eye of the observer 24 sight line rays.
  • FIG. 12 shows the distribution of the refractive power and the astigmatism as well as a color aberration to the spectacle lens 18 'shown in FIG. 10.
  • the prescription effect of the spectacle lens 18 ' is a spherical effect of -4 diopters and an astigmatism of 0 dioptres.
  • the variance of the spherical effect and the astigmatism in diopters as well as the transverse chromatic aberration in a self-selected unit are visualized with respect to the spectacle lens 18 '. Due to the optimization, the edge thickness of the spectacle lens is reduced as much as possible.
  • the resulting distributions of spherical power, astigmatism and lateral chromatic aberrations are shown in sections a), b) and c) of FIG. 12.
  • the spherical effect varies in the spectacle lens 18 'between about -4 diopters in the center and about -3.4 diopters on the lens edge. Astigmatism is close to zero.
  • the color error is around 13 in our self-selected unit, resulting in color fringes of up to 2.9 mm / m. speaks.
  • the edge thickness of the spectacle lens in the height 30 mm is 4.50 mm.
  • the spectacle lens 18 ' is cut out of the circular spectacle lens blank for which it is based.
  • FIG. 13 shows the distribution of the refractive power and the astigmatism as well as a color aberration in the case of a spectacle lens without diffraction structures, which has a refractive power comparable to the spectacle lens shown in FIG. 12, as a reference.
  • the prism is approximated here as a product of the prescription effect of the spectacle lens in terms of diopter and viewing height.
  • a color fringe of z For example, 2 mm per meter expresses that a black object on a white background at a distance of one meter has a color fringe of 2 mm (measured in the object plane).
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 show that the invention makes it possible to significantly reduce the color aberration of a spectacle lens.
  • the color error of the spectacle lens on which FIG. 12 is based lies below the perception threshold of 0.12 cm / m.
  • edge thickness can also be reduced to values that are even lower by the optimization described above.
  • the reduction of the edge thickness is accompanied here by an increase of the chromatic aberration, since the chromatic aberration of the body 36 of the lens lenglases 18 'by the color aberration of the diffraction structures 38, 40 in the spectacle lens of FIG. 12 is already overcompensated.
  • FIG. 14 shows the distribution of refractive power and astigmatism as well as a chromatic aberration in a spectacle lens with a first and a further diffraction structure with grating vectors and with a geometry of the body of the spectacle lens which minimize a cost function.
  • the prescription effect of the spectacle lens is a spherical effect of -8 diopters and an astigmatism of 0 dioptres.
  • FIG. 15 shows the distribution of the refractive power and the astigmatism as well as a chromatic aberration in the case of a spectacle lens without diffraction structures which has a refractive power which increases with the refractive power of the distribution of the refractive power and the astigmatism as well as of the chromatic aberration shown in FIG - underlying eyeglass lens is comparable.
  • the center thickness of the spectacle lenses in FIGS. 14 and 15 is 1.2 mm in each case.
  • the spectacle lenses of FIGS. 14 and 15 are made of a material with refractive index 1.73 (n d line) and an Abbe number of 32.15.
  • the example of the spectacle lenses in FIGS. 14 and 15 differs from the example of the spectacle lenses in FIGS. 12 and 13 by a significantly higher spherical effect of -8 dioptres.
  • FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 show that, even with such a large spherical effect, a significant reduction of the chromatic aberration can be achieved without producing changes in the variance of spherical effect or astigmatism that disturb a person observing .
  • d ri4 5.5 mm
  • a spectacle lens with a phase object 20 described above can be produced by producing the phase object 20 in that at least one hologram of a generated by means of a light modulator second reference wave W12 generated by a light modulator second reference wave W12, or in that the hologram is generated by means of a computer.
  • the project that has patented the invention is a project funded under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program of the European Union under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Subsidiary Agreement No. 675745.
  • the invention relates to a spectacle lens 16, 18 which has a body 36.
  • the body 36 includes at least one diffractive structure 38, 40 which extends in the body 36 on a body surface 42, 44.
  • the diffraction structure 38 is formed by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) which depends on the location 54, 56 in the body surface 42, 44.
  • the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body 36 is continuous.
  • the continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body 36 is preferably over a contiguous region B of the body surface 42 for which the supremum of the metric distance d (x, y) of any two, the area of the body surface 42 arranged points x, y, defined diameter D with
  • D> lmm preferably D> 10mm, more preferably D> 20mm.
  • the diffractive structure converts a spherical light wave, which originates from a point 14, 14 'on an object surface 28, into a light wave, which forms the light wave Point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 on a lying in an optically conjugate to the object surface 28 image surface 28' lying image point 15, 15 '.
  • a spectacle lens (16, 18) comprising a body (36) including at least one diffractive structure (38) extending on a body surface (42) and penetrating through one of the location (54, 56) in the body surface (42). 42) dependent spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) is formed, characterized in that the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body (36) is continuous and the diffraction structure is a spherical light wave from a point (14, 14 ') on an object surface (28), converted into a light wave, the point (14, 14') on the object surface (28) on a surface in an object surface (28) optically conjugate Rickflä (28 ') image pixel (15, 15') maps.
  • D> l mm preferably D> io mm, particularly preferably D> 20 mm
  • the diffraction structure in the region B being a spherical light wave originating from a point (14, 14 ') on an object surface (28) a light wave which images the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) onto a pixel (15, 15') lying in an image surface (28 ') which is optically conjugate to the object surface (28).
  • Spectacle lens according to clause 1 or 2 characterized in that the at least one diffraction structure (38) is a hologram of at least one of a first reference wave W and a second reference wave W12.
  • Spectacle lens according to clause 3 or clause 4 characterized in that the hologram is formed as an optical grating which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has. 6. spectacle lens according to clause 5, characterized in that for the grating vector amount ⁇ k G38
  • Spectacle lens according to clause 5 or 6 characterized in that the grating vector amount ⁇ k G38
  • spectacle lens according to clause 8 characterized in that the grating vector k G38 for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) a lattice vector amount ⁇ k G38 optimizing an aberration of the pixel (15, 15') ⁇ Has.
  • Spectacle lens according to clause 9 characterized in that the imaging error corresponds to a aberration or multiple aberrations from the group of color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus.
  • Spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 5 to 10 characterized in that the grating vector k G38 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) a diameter of the pixel (15, 15') optimizing grating vector amount ⁇ k G38
  • spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 4 to 11, characterized in that the grating vector k G38 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has an imaging error of the pixel (15, 15') optimizing direction.
  • spectacle lens according to clause 12 characterized in that the imaging error corresponds to a aberration or multiple aberrations from the group of color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus.
  • Spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 4 to 14 characterized in that the grating vector k G38 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has a diffraction efficiency h of at least one diffractive structure (38) optimizing direction , 16.
  • Spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 4 to 15 characterized by a light transparent or at least partially transparent body (36), wherein the diffraction structure (38) in the body (36) a body surface (42) extending from a different viewing directions (30) of an eye (32, 34) of an observation person (32) having an eye rotation point (50) and a pupil center (51) when observing the object surface (28) ), through the eye pivot (50) and the pupil center (51) and the
  • Point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) extending viewing direction beam (31, 31') can be penetrated.
  • Spectacle lens according to clause 16 characterized by a different optical effect for different viewing directions (30, 30 ').
  • the at least one further diffraction structure (40) is a hologram of at least one further first reference wave W 2i and another second reference wave W 2 2, the further first reference wave W 2i the by means of the at least one diffraction structure (38) diffracted first reference wave W or by means of the least one diffraction struc- ture (38) diffracted second reference wave Wi 2 is.
  • the hologram is formed as a further optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has. 24.
  • Spectacle lens according to clause 23 characterized in that for the grating vector amount ⁇ k G40
  • Spectacle lens according to clause 31 characterized in that the imaging error corresponds to a aberration or multiple aberrations from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus.
  • spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 23 to 32 characterized in that the grating vector k G40 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has a diameter of the image point (15, 15') optimizing direction.
  • spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 23 to 33 characterized in that the grating vector k G40 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has a diffraction efficiency h of at least one diffractive structure (38) optimizing direction.
  • spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 23 to 34, characterized in that at each of the viewing direction beam (31, 31 ') enforceable point on one of the observer (24) facing side of the further diffraction structure (40) for the wavefront vector of another first reference wave W 2i and the wavefront vector k w 22 of the further second reference wave and the grating vector k G40 of the hologram:
  • Spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 22 to 35 characterized in that the hologram of the at least one further diffraction structure (40) is a hologram of two pairs of reference waves (W 2i ,
  • the phase object (20, 22) has the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) facing away from the observer (24) with respect to the surface normal (48) at an angle of incidence a to a surface normal (48).
  • the spectacle lens front surface (46) directs incident light from a point (14, 14 ') on an object surface (28) into a direction dependent on the wavelength l of the light and on the angle of incidence a of the light.
  • Spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 20 to 36 characterized by a phase object (20, 22), which has the at least one diffraction structure
  • Body (36) comprises a phase object (20, 22) containing the at least one diffraction structure (38), wherein the phase object (20, 22) and the body (36) has the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) remote from the observer (24) with respect to the surface normal (48) at an angle of incidence ai to a surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46) of FIG light incident on a surface of an object (28) at a point (14, 14 ') in one of the wavelength l of
  • the body (36) for the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) facing away from the observer (24) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46) from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) incident light refractive body with a refractive dispersion D ref l is with
  • the body (36) for the on one of the observer (24) facing side of the lens (16, 18) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the exit angle exiting light from the point (14, 14 ') the object surface (28) is a refractive body with a refractive dispersion D ref 2 is with
  • n- L (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wavelength l, of an optical medium for the light between the object surface (28) and the body (36), where h 2 (l) is generally the wavelength l dependent the
  • Refractive index of the body (36) for the light where h 3 (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wave length l, of an optical medium for the light between the pupil (52) and the body (36), the diffraction structure (38) being for the one of the observation - Person (24) facing away from the lens (16, 18) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the eyeglass lens front surface (46) from the point (14, 14 ') on the Object surface (28) incident light one the refractive
  • d lff - 1 'dl A per j 38 cos a 4 ' where a 4 is incident on a surface normal (48) at one of the from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) to the spectacle lens front surface (46 ) at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the eyeglass lens front surface (46) incident light interspersed point of the body surface (42) on which the diffraction structure (38) extends, related deflection angle for that of the point (14, 14 ') the object surface (28) is incident on the spectacle lens front surface (46) at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46), the diffraction structure (38) being a hologram of at least one first reference wave Wn and one second reference wave W12, which is formed as an optical grating having a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount
  • a proj .38 is the grating period of the projection of the grating vector on the body surface (42) is with 40.
  • Spectacle lens according to clause 43 characterized in that the grating vector k G38 of the diffraction structure (38) and the grating vector k G40 of the further diffraction structure (40) for at least one viewing direction (30) of the observer (24) optimizes a cost function K G - tervector amounts ⁇ k G38
  • Spectacle lens according to clause 43 characterized in that the grating vector k G38 of the diffraction structure (38) and the grating vector k G 0 the Wei direct diffraction structure (40) for a plurality of viewing directions i of the viewing person (24) a cost function K optimizing Grid vector sums ⁇ k G38 1,
  • Cost Function Term K contains:
  • Spectacle lens according to clause 45 characterized in that a geometry of the body (36), in particular a center thickness of the body (36) and / or a front radius of the body (36) and / or a back radius of the body (36 ), the cost function K has optimizing values.
  • Spectacle lens according to clause 46 characterized in that the geometry of the body has an aspheric shape or an open-surface shape of the spectacle lens front surface (46) and / or the spectacle lens rear surface describing coefficients.
  • RD is is an actual value for the center thickness of the spectacle lens, and wherein RD is u a target value for the center thickness of the spectacle lens.
  • Method according to one of the clauses 50 to 58 characterized in that the direction of the grating vector k G38 for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) is optimized in order to detect an aberration of the pixel in the eye ( 32, 34) of the observer (24).
  • the Abbil tion error corresponds to a aberration or multiple aberrations from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma.
  • Method according to one of the clauses 50 to 60 characterized in that the grating vector k G38 is optimized for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) in order to obtain a diameter of the pixel in the eye (32, 34). to the observer (24).
  • Method according to one of the clauses 50 to 61 characterized in that the grating vector k G38 is optimized for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) in order to maximize a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure.
  • the body (36) comprises a phase object (20, 22) containing the at least one diffraction structure (38), the phase object (20, 22) and the
  • the body (36) for the side of the person facing away from the observer (24) Spectacle lens (16, 18) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the incident angle ai to the surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46) from the point (14, 14 ') incident on the object surface (28) light a refractive body with a refractive dispersion D ref l is with wherein the body (36) for the on one of the observer (24) facing side of the lens (16, 18) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the exit angle exiting light from the point (14, 14 ') the object surface (28) is a refractive body with a refractive dispersion D ref 2 is with
  • n- L (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wavelength l, of an optical medium for the light between the object surface (28) and the body (36), where h 2 (l) is generally the wavelength l dependent on the refractive index of the body (36) for the light, where h 3 (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wave length l, of an optical medium for the light between the pupil (52) and the body (36) wherein the diffraction structure (38) for the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) facing away from the observer (24) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (48).
  • the at least one further diffraction structure (40) a hologram of at least one further first reference wave W 2i and a further second reference wave W 2 2, the further first reference wave W 2i the first reference wave W diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure (38) or the diffraction structure by means of the at least one (38) diffracted second reference wave Wi 2 , wherein the hologram of the further diffraction structure (40) is formed as a further optical grating which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount wherein the at least one further diffraction structure (40) for the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) remote from the observer (24) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the incidence angle ai to the surface normal (48) the spectacle lens front surface (46) from the point
  • the cost function K has optimizing values.
  • a method according to clause 70 characterized in that the geometry of the body has an aspheric shape or an open-plan shape of the spectacle lens front surface (46) and / or coefficients describing the spectacle lens back surface.
  • Method according to one of the clauses 69 to 71, characterized by a positive refractive power, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K edge with: K edge ⁇ . a x (RD is - RD should ),
  • RD is an actual value for the center thickness of the spectacle lens, and wherein RD is u a target value for the center thickness of the spectacle lens.
  • Method according to one of the clauses 69 to 71, characterized by a negative refractive power, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K edge with: K edge . a x ⁇ RD is - RD soll ) , where RD is an actual value for the edge thickness of the spectacle lens and where RD S0Ü is a target value for the edge thickness of the spectacle lens.
  • W 2i further first reference wave

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un verre de lunettes (16, 18) qui a un corps (36). Le corps (36) contient au moins une structure de diffraction (38, 40) qui s'étend dans le corps (36) au niveau d'une surface de corps (42, 44). La structure de diffraction (38) est constituée par une modulation spatiale de l'indice de réfraction (n(x,y)) dépendant de l'emplacement (54, 56) dans la surface de corps (42, 44). La modulation spatiale de l'indice de réfraction (n(x,y)) dans le corps (36) est constante. La constance de la modulation spatiale de l'indice de réfraction (n(x,y)) dans le corps (36) existe de préférence sur une zone connexe (B) de la surface de corps (42), pour le diamètre (D) de laquelle, défini en tant borne supérieure de la distance métrique (d(x,y)) de deux points quelconques (x, y) agencés dans la zone de la surface de corps (42), avec D ≔ sup{d(x,y) : x, y ∈ B}, s'applique : D ≥ 1 mm, de préférence D ≥ 10 mm, mieux encore D ≥ 20 mm. La structure de diffraction transforme une onde de lumière sphérique qui provient d'un point (14, 14') sur une surface d'objet (28) en une onde de lumière qui représente le point (14, 14') sur la surface d'objet (28) sur un point d'image (15, 15') situé dans une surface d'image (28') conjuguée optiquement à la surface d'objet (28).
EP19700880.8A 2018-01-14 2019-01-13 Verre de lunettes pourvu d'une structure de diffraction pour la lumière Pending EP3756043A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018100705.1A DE102018100705B4 (de) 2018-01-14 2018-01-14 Brillenglas mit einer Beugungsstruktur für Licht, Verfahren für das Ermitteln des Designs eines Brillenglases sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Brillenglases
DE102018117020 2018-07-13
PCT/EP2019/050730 WO2019138089A1 (fr) 2018-01-14 2019-01-13 Verre de lunettes pourvu d'une structure de diffraction pour la lumière

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EP3756043A1 true EP3756043A1 (fr) 2020-12-30

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019119031A1 (de) * 2019-07-12 2021-01-14 Carl Zeiss Ag Brillenglas für das Erzeugen voneinander beabstandeter Objektbilder
US20230085523A1 (en) * 2021-09-16 2023-03-16 Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. Aspherical lens design with power dependent spherical aberration

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4210391A (en) * 1977-09-14 1980-07-01 Cohen Allen L Multifocal zone plate
BR9814551A (pt) 1997-12-29 2000-10-10 Novartis Ag "lente multifocal holográfica composta"
US6091521A (en) * 1998-10-16 2000-07-18 Digilens, Inc. Light collection from diffractive displays
DE102006030503A1 (de) * 2006-07-01 2008-01-03 Seereal Technologies S.A. Vorrichtung zur Selektion von Licht einer Beugungsordnung
DE102010018436B4 (de) * 2010-04-27 2017-02-09 Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag Multifokale Augenlinse
EP2912517B1 (fr) 2012-10-23 2018-08-22 Essilor International Composant de lentille diffractive multifocale
DE102014209792B4 (de) * 2014-05-22 2017-01-19 Carl Zeiss Ag Brillenglas mit einer Vielzahl von Beugungsstrukturen für Licht

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