EP3756043A1

EP3756043A1 - Spectacle lens having a diffraction structure for light

Info

Publication number: EP3756043A1
Application number: EP19700880.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jannik Michael TRAPP; Toufic Jabbour; Manuel DECKER; Wolfgang Singer
Original assignee: Carl Zeiss AG
Current assignee: Carl Zeiss AG
Priority date: 2018-01-14
Filing date: 2019-01-13
Publication date: 2020-12-30
Also published as: WO2019138089A9; WO2019138089A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a spectacle lens (16, 18) which has a body (36). The body (36) has at least one diffraction structure (38, 40) which extends into the body (36) on a body surface (42, 44). The diffraction structure (38) is formed by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n(x, y) which is dependent on the location (54, 56) in the body surface (42, 44). The spatial modulation of the refractive index n(x, y) in the body (36) is constant. The continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n(x, y) in the body (36) preferably consists of a contiguous region B of the body surface (42), for the diameter (D) of which, defined as the supremum of the metric distance d(x,y) of two arbitrary points (x, y) in the region of the body surface (42), wherein D ≔ sup{d(x, y): x, y ∈ B}, is D ≥ 1mm, preferably D ≥ 10mm, particularly preferably D ≥ 20mm. The diffraction structure converts a spherical light wave, which originates from a point (14, 14 ') on an object surface (28), into a light wave which represents the point (14, 14') on the object surface (28) on an image point (15, 15 ') arranged in an image surface (28') which is optically conjugate to the object surface (28).

Description

Spectacle lens with a diffraction structure for light Description

The invention relates to a spectacle lens having a body which contains at least one diffraction structure which extends on a body surface and which is formed by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) dependent on the location in the body surface. The invention also extends to a method for determining the design of a spectacle lens and to a method of manufacturing a spectacle lens.

A spectacle lens of the aforementioned type is known from WO 2015/177370 A1. There, a spectacle lens is described for an observer, who has a body that is transparent or at least partially transparent to the light and has a phase object, which transmits the light incident on the side facing away from the observer at an angle of incidence α into one of the wavelength λ of the observer Light and dependent on the angle of incidence a of the light direction. The phase object has a plurality of locally different, discrete diffraction structures, each of which has only a microscopic extension of z. B. 25 pm ^c 25 pm ^{c have} 25 pm and the monochromatic light of wavelength 380 nm <l <800 nm with the diffraction efficiency h> 70% in one and the same order of diffraction | m | > 1, when the monochromatic light is incident at an angle of incidence a on the side of the spectacle lens facing away from the observer, which lies within a diffraction-pattern-specific angular interval that is 15 ° wide and dependent on the wavelength of the light.

WO 99/34248 A1 specifies a spectacle lens with superposed holographic optical elements (HOE), which form a volume grating, by means of which the lens is placed on the spectacle lens under a specific position. If incident light is diffracted, resulting in a deflection of the light incident on the lens for this angle of incidence.

WO 2014/064163 A1 describes a spectacle lens having a multiplicity of light-diffracting zones which have a different refractive power.

Spectacle lenses in the form of refractive progressive lenses allow an observer suffering from ametropia to observe objects arranged at different distances with a more or less sharp visual impression, even if the accommodative ability of the eyes of this observer is, for B. due to age no longer exists or has severe limitations.

For the design of refractive progressive lenses, usually visual zones are defined. These visual zones relate to areas of the surface of a progressive lens which are interspersed from the viewing direction of an observer. If the observer peers through different visual zones, this observer can see objects in different object distances sharply, even if their eyes have no accommodation capacity or only limited accommodation capacity.

Refractive progressive lenses usually have a remote zone which, when these glasses are used as intended, is penetrated by the viewing direction of an eye of an observer looking into the distance. When looking through the remote zone, the objects arranged at infinity for the observer should be imaged sharply on the retina. In addition, refractive progressive lenses in addition to the remote zone usually also have a so-called near zone, which is spaced from the remote zone and through which an observer during normal use of the progressive lens with a maximum accommodation looks through to a near distance (eg 40 cm ) to observe ob- jects in front of the eyes. Between the near zone and the far zone, progressive lenses often have a so-called progression channel. This progression channel connects the far zone with the near zone. In the progression channel, the refractive power of the progressive lens is locally different. In order to make a wide field of view available to an observer with the progressive lens goggles, the basic aim is that the progression channel should be as wide as possible. However, the achievable width of the progression channel is limited due to the differential geometric set of Minkwitz. From this mathematical theorem, it follows that an observer with an increasing width of the progression channel has to accept non-correctable astigmatic aberrations, ie astigmatism caused by the theorem of Minkwitz. The imaging quality of refractive progressive lenses and the possible extent of the near-field and long-range zones of refractive progressive lenses are therefore fundamentally limited.

The object of the invention is to provide a spectacle lens for an observer, whose optical effect can be adapted to the needs of the observer for different viewing directions with an improved imaging quality, and a method for determining the design of such spectacle lens and a Fierstellungsverfahren for such Specify spectacle lens.

In the present case, the optical effect of a spectacle lens is understood as the property of deflecting light.

This object is achieved with the spectacle lens specified in claim 1 to the method specified in claim 31 and claim 32 for determining the design of a spectacle lens and the production method specified in claim 33. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. The invention is based on the idea that an observation person who has no accommodation capacity or only limited accommodation capacity can clearly visualize different distance ranges if the light beams imaging the object area are deflected not by refraction but by diffraction.

In this case, the diffraction of light is understood to be the physical phenomenon of the change in the phase of the light caused by a phase object due to interactions between light and matter. A phase object is a preferably transparent object that influences or changes the phase of the light. In order for light to be diffracted at a phase object, the phase object must have a diffraction structure. Such a diffraction structure represents a regular or even irregular spatial modulation of the complex refractive index, z. B. in the form of a grid, which may extend in one dimension or in two dimensions (even grid) or in three dimensions (volume grid).

A diffraction structure diffracts the light as a function of the angle of incidence of the light under which it strikes the diffraction structure and on the wavelength l of the light. When light is diffracted at a diffractive structure, it may be deflected in one or more different, discrete directions due to constructive interference. These directions are called diffraction orders in the present case and denoted by integer numbers 0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3,..., Where the central order is denoted by 0, and all other orders are numbered.

Under the diffraction of the light into a diffraction order | m | > 1 is therefore understood as the deflection of the light in the direction defined by the diffraction order, which is due to constructive interference of phase-shifted light. With a spectacle lens according to the invention, it is possible, in particular, for an observer to perceive objects which are arranged in different distance ranges even in the case of limited accommodative ability of the eyes.

The angle at which a light beam is diffracted by a diffraction structure and the angle at which a light beam diffracted by the diffraction structure can impinge on the diffraction structure increase as the diffraction order increases. In this case, a positive diffraction order corresponds to a deflection angle for the light, which is positive, and a negative diffraction order to a negative deflection angle related to the incident direction of the light. The ratio of the intensity I t of the _ge BEU _g of a diffraction structure in a diffraction order | m | > 1 diffracted light to the intensity of the _nfallend A 'incident on a boundary surface of the diffraction structure at a certain angle of incidence a light is present as the diffraction efficiency of the diffraction structure referred h. The interface of a diffractive structure may coincide with the surface of the transparent body of the spectacle lens, but it does not have to. The interface of a diffraction structure can also be located within the transparent body.

The invention makes use of the fact that the diffraction efficiency of a diffraction structure in a layer of optically transparent material arranged on a support is dependent on: the wavelength of the light (1),

the refractive index (n) of the material of which the diffractive optical element is made,

the refractive index (n ₀ ) of the surrounding medium,

the thickness (d) of the layer in which the refractive index is modulated, the amplitude (An) of the modulation of the refractive index (n),

the period P of the modulation of the refractive index (n), and

the angle of incidence (a ', a ") of the light on an interface of the diffraction structure.

The implicit relation due to the dependence between these quantities means that, for a given wavelength, the angle of incidence can be given, below which the layer in which the index of refraction is modulated effectively diffracts the light incident upon it, that is to say. H. such that the diffraction efficiency h is greater than a certain, basically selectable threshold value.

A spectacle lens according to the invention may, in particular, have a different optical effect for different viewing directions, similar to a progressive lens. Ie. for a parallel bundle of light rays which passes from the infinite through the side of the spectacle lens facing the object surface, the spectacle lens has a different refractive power, which depends solely on the diffraction of the light in, depending on the region in which the light beam passes through the spectacle lens the phase object of the spectacle lens or by a combined diffraction and refraction of the light in the spectacle lens can be caused. A spectacle lens according to the invention for an observer can have a body transparent to the light or at least partially transparent with a phase object which front surface of the spectacle facing away from the observer with respect to the surface normal at an incident angle a to a surface normal n of the spectacle lens directs incident light in one of the wavelength l of the light and the angle of incidence a of the light dependent direction. In this case, the phase object contains at least one diffraction structure which is extended in the body on a body surface which, when observing an object surface, corresponds to a different eye direction of an eye of the observer having an eye rotation point and a pupil center. through which the eye rotation point and the pupil center and the point on the object surface extending viewing direction beam can be traversed. In this case, the diffraction structure is formed by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) dependent on the location in the area interspersed with the respective viewing direction. It should be noted that the body of the spectacle lens may in particular have a sandwich structure comprising a substrate and a film adhered to the substrate, eg a photosensitive photopolymer-based film in which the diffraction structure is formed. Such a film can be glued to the substrate, for example, only after its exposure or can be exposed in the substrate. The spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body forming the at least one diffraction structure is continuous. The continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body is not only local, ie over a range whose extent is only a few pm, but also exists on a macroscopic scale. The continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body can be global in particular. In the case of a global continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body, the continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body preferably exists over a coherent region B of the body surface. for its diameter D defined as the supramum of the metric distance d (x, y) of any two points x, y arranged in the region of the body surface

D: = sup {d (x, y): x, y e B},

D> 1mm, preferably D> 10mm, more preferably D> 20mm. Namely, the larger the diameter D of the contiguous region B of the body surface, the larger is the field of view in which a spectator, by means of the spectacle lens, receives a continuous visual field. tion is ensured without jumps in a field of view perceived by the observer.

The diffraction structure converts a spherical light wave, which originates from a point observable by the observer under the respective viewing direction on the object surface, into a light wave running along the viewing direction which optically focuses the point on the object surface onto one in the object surface image plane in the eye of the observer. It should be noted that even if the object surface is a plane, the optically conjugate image surface may differ from a plane by including the optics of the eye of the observer. Namely, an eye capable of accommodation can compensate for changes in the object distance in different directions of view. The optical effect of the spectacle lens according to the invention is thus determined in particular by the optical effect of the phase object. However, the optical effect of the spectacle lens does not necessarily have to be determined exclusively by the optical effect of the phase object. An inventive spectacle lens can, for. B. also have a by the refraction of light in its transparent or at least partially transparent to the light body specific optical component of effect.

Under a local wave vector In the present case, a light wave is understood to mean a vector which is perpendicular to the wavefront of a light wave and for the amount of which:

Kl = t · where l is the wavelength of the light.

In particular, the at least one diffraction structure may be a hologram of an object point and a reference wave with visible light. Below the hologram of an object point and a reference wave is here present and as described in Bergmann Schäfer, textbook of experimental physics, Volume 3, 10th ed., Publisher Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York (2004) on pages 437 and 438 on the basis of Fig. 3.104, whereupon here with reference and the disclosure content of the description of this fact being fully included in the disclosure content of this application, an interference pattern which is generated by superposition of a spherical light wave emitted by the object point and the reference wave. The at least one diffraction structure can also be a hologram of at least a first reference wave W and a second reference wave W12. In this case, by virtue of the fact that the first reference wave W is a spherical light wave emitted by the eye rotation point of the eye of the observer, or a spherical light wave emitted from a point near the eye rotation point of the eye of the observer, it is possible for the at least one diffraction structure to project into the object Observer's eye, at an angle to a line of sight beam, diffracts incident light with a high diffraction efficiency. The hologram is preferably formed as an optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount has, being and unit vectors perpendicular to each other and A _x , A _y and A _{z are} the respective lattice constants of the lattice in the direction of the unit vectors.

For the grid vector magnitude | k _G38 | of the optical grating is preferably: 2.0 pm <2tt / | ϊ ^ | <2.4 pm.

In this way, it is ensured that the optical grating of the hologram for the light in the visible spectral range with the wavelength 400 nm <1 <800 nm has a high diffraction efficiency h, which can then be above 80%.

The grid vector magnitude | k _G38 | of the local grid vector k _G38 may be globally constant in the grid of the hologram, ie, be constant in the contiguous area of the body area. It should be noted, however, that for the grid vector magnitude | k _G38 | can also apply: | k _G38 | ; = F ₃₈ (x, y), where F ₃₈ (x, y) is a scalar function dependent on the location in the body surface.

One idea of the invention is that the grating vector k _{G38 has,} in particular, a grating vector amount which optimizes a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure for at least one viewing direction of the observer. Namely, the inventors have found that by optimizing a globally constant grating vector amount, a high broadband diffraction efficiency of the diffractive structure in the spectacle lens can be achieved, but by optimizing the grating vector magnitude, aberrations of the optical aberration are also possible with broad banding high diffraction efficiency - to optimize the glasses, ie the optical aberrations of the glasses such as a spherical, astigmatic or chromatic imaging make errors so small that they are below a predetermined threshold.

In particular, it is an idea of the invention that the grating vector k _{G38 can have} a direction optimizing the image point for at least one viewing direction of the observer. The imaging error may correspond to an imaging error or multiple imaging errors from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus. That is to say that the aforementioned aberrations are made so small by optimization that they each lie below a predetermined threshold value. It is advantageous if the grating vector k _{G38 has} a direction optimizing a diameter of the pixel for at least one viewing direction of the observer, ie it is ensured that the diameter of the pixel is below a predetermined value.

However, alternatively or additionally, the grating vector k _G38 can also have a diffraction efficiency h of the direction optimizing at least one diffraction structure for at least one viewing direction of the observer, ie it is ensured that the diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure is h: S, where S is is predetermined threshold.

A spectacle lens according to the invention may have a body which is transparent or at least partially transparent to the light, the diffraction structure in the body being extended on a body surface which, when viewing the object surface from different viewing directions, has an eye rotation point and a pupil center eye - Observation person corresponding, through the eye rotation point and the pillule center and the point on the object surface extending viewing direction beam can be penetrated.

Such a spectacle gas can have different optical effects for different directions of view. The wavefront _vector k _wll 'of the first reference wave W and the wavefront vector k _{wi 2 of} the second reference wave W12 and the grating vector k _{G38 of} the hologram apply in a favorable manner to each point of the viewing direction _beam on a side of the diffraction structure facing the observer.

The grating vector k _G38 can have, for at least one viewing direction of the observer, a direction optimizing an aberration of the image point in the eye of the observer. In this case, the imaging error can correspond to an aberration or multiple aberrations from the group of color aberration, astigmatism, coma, etc. That is to say, the aforementioned aberrations are minimized by optimizing them so that they are each below a predetermined threshold value.

The grating vector k _G38 can have, for at least one viewing direction of the observer, a direction optimizing a diameter of the pixel in the eye of the observer. The grating vector k _G38 can alternatively or additionally also have a diffraction efficiency h of the direction optimizing the at least one diffraction structure for at least one viewing direction of the observation person, ie it is ensured that the diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure applies: h> S, where S is a predetermined threshold.

By making the hologram a hologram of two pairs of reference waves (Wn, W ₁₂ ) or multiple pairs of reference waves, it is possible to also diffract light incident to the eye of the observer at an angle to a line of sight steel with a high diffraction efficiency can. It is advantageous if at least one further diffraction structure is provided, which diffracts light diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure into a first diffraction order 01 into a diffraction order O 2, for which the following holds: 1011 = 1021 and sign (Ol) = - sign (02). In this way, it can be achieved that the further diffraction structure at least partially compensates for undesired dispersion of the first diffraction structure.

It should be noted that the body of the spectacle lens can in particular have a sandwich structure which contains a substrate and a film bonded to the substrate in which the at least one further diffraction structure is formed.

The at least one further diffraction structure can likewise be a hologram of at least one further first reference wave W _2i and a further second reference wave W ₂ 2, wherein the further first reference wave W _2i the first reference wave W diffracted by the least one diffraction structure or the second reference wave Wi ₂ diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure. The hologram may be formed as an optical grating comprising a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has.

For the grid vector magnitude | k _G40 | of the optical grating of the hologram of the further diffraction structure is preferably: 2.0 pm <2n / | k _G38 | <2.8 pm. The grid vector magnitude | k _G40 | can be globally constant in the grid of the hologram. It should be noted, however, that for the grid vector magnitude | k _G40 | can also apply: | k _G40 | ^; = F (x, y), where F (x, y) is a scalar function dependent on the location in the body surface.

One idea of the invention is that the grating vector k _G40 can have a grating vector amount that optimizes a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure for at least one viewing direction of the observer.

In particular, it is an idea of the invention that the grating vector k _G40 for at least one viewing direction of the observer can have a direction of the picture pixel optimizing a Abbil. The imaging error may correspond to an aberration or multiple aberrations from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus. Alternatively or additionally, the grating vector k _G40 can have a direction optimizing a diameter of the pixel for at least one viewing direction of the observer. The grating vector k _G40 can also have a direction optimizing a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure for at least one viewing direction of the observer.

It is advantageous if, on each side of the further diffraction structure for the wavefront vector k _W21 facing the observer, at each point which can be penetrated by the line of sight _beam, the other the first reference wave W21 and the wavefront vector k _{W22 of} the further second reference wave W22 and the grating vector k _{G40 of} the hologram are valid: kw21 - kw22 ^' kG40 -

It should be noted that the grating vector k _G40 for at least one viewing direction of the observer can also have a direction optimizing a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure. Alternatively or additionally, it is possible that the hologram is a hologram of two pairs of reference waves (W21, W ₂₂₎ or more pairs of reference waves (W _2i, W _22, W ₂ 3, W _24; ...) is.

On or in a spectacle lens according to the invention, the diffraction structures can be attached to a flattest surface. For lenses with a negative effect, this z. B. be the eye of an observer side facing away from the lens.

It should be noted that the diffraction structures in a spectacle lens according to the invention in laminated films with a holographic material such. B. Bayfol HX may be formed by the company Covestro AG, which are cemented to the glass body of the spectacle lens.

It should also be noted that, for aesthetic reasons, free-form surfaces in a spectacle lens according to the invention are preferably arranged on the side of the spectacle lens facing away from the eye of an observer.

In fact, the inventors have recognized in particular that a long glass path between diffraction structures and a free-form surface positively influences the reduction of the variance of the spherical effect and the astigmatism.

The at least one diffraction structure in a spectacle lens according to the invention enables the center thickness in spectacle lenses with a high positive spherical shear effect and to reduce the edge thickness in spectacle lenses with a high negative spherical effect. In addition, the invention also makes it possible to improve the mechanical stability of the spectacle lenses due to the diffraction structures introduced therein. In particular, diffraction structures in the form of films and / or layer systems enable splinter protection.

In a spectacle lens according to the invention, the body can have a phase object which contains the at least one diffraction structure. In this case, the phase object and the body deflects the light incident on a side of the spectacle lens remote from the observer with respect to the surface normal at an angle of incidence ai to a surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface from a point on an object surface to one of the wavelength l of the light and the angle of incidence ai of the light dependent direction. The body is a refractive body with a refractive dispersion for the light incident on one side of the spectacle lens facing away from the observation person with respect to the surface normal at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface from the point on the object surface D _{ref l} with i / A) sin a _!

ref. asm 0 ^h ₂ (l))

For the light emerging from the point on the object surface at the side of the spectacle lens facing the observer on the surface normal at the exit angle, the body is a refractive body with a refractive dispersion D _{ref 2} P- _L (1) here is the refractive index, which is generally dependent on the wave length l, of an optical medium arranged between the object surface and the body for the light. h ₂ (l) is the refractive index of the body for the light, which is generally dependent on the wave length l. h ₃ (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wavelength l, of an optical medium between the pupil and the body for the light.

In this case, the diffraction structure has the refractive dispersion D _ref: = D _ref for the light incident on the side of the spectacle lens facing away from the observer with respect to the surface normal at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface from the point on the object surface _l + D _{ref 2 of} the body at least partially compensating diffractive dispersion D _{diff l} on with

Here, a _{4 is} a position of the body surface on which the diffraction pattern is extended, on a surface normal at a light incident from the point on the object surface on the spectacle lens front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface, related deflection angle for that of the Point on the object surface to the spectacle lens front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface incident light.

The diffraction structure is a hologram of at least a first reference wave W and a second reference wave W12, which is formed as an optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has.

A _{proj 38} is the grating period of the projection of the grating vector with the body surface

In particular, the following applies to the spectacle lens: sign {D _{ref 1} + D _{ref 2} ) = -sign (D _{diff 1} )

An eyeglass lens according to the invention may contain at least one further diffraction structure which diffracts light diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure into a first diffraction order 01 into a diffraction order O 2, for which the following applies: 1011 = 1021 and sign (Ol) = -sign (02). The at least one further diffraction structure is in this case extended on a further body surface which can coincide with the first body surface and which is formed by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) dependent on the location in the body surface.

The at least one additional diffractive structure is a hologram of at least one further first reference wavelength W21 and a further second reference wave W _22, wherein the further first reference wave W21, the first means of the wenigstes a diffraction structure diffracted reference wave W or the second means of the wenigstes a diffraction structure diffracted Reference wave Wi ₂ is.

The hologram of the further diffraction structure is designed as a further optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has.

The at least one further diffraction structure has, for the side of the spectacle lens facing away from the observer, with respect to the surface normal at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface incident from the point on the object surface and then refracted into the angle 02 with respect to the surface normal to a diffractive dispersion D _{diff 2} with

JJ _ da ₃ _ m

d ^lff - ² 'dX A _{p ro} j ₄₀ cos a ₃ ' where A _proj. 4o the grating period of the projection of the grating vector of the further optical grating on the further body surface is with In this case, a _{3 is} a point of the further body surface through which the further diffraction structure extends, penetrating a surface normal at a point of the light incident from the point on the object surface onto the spectacle glass front surface at the angle of incidence ai relative to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface is a related deflection angle for the light incident from the point on the object surface on the eyeglass lens front surface at the incident angle ai to the surface normal of the eyeglass lens front surface.

In this way it is possible to provide a spectacle lens in which the diffractive properties of diffraction structures and the refractive properties of the body of the spectacle lens are coordinated such that astigmatic aberrations of the body of the spectacle lens caused by the refraction of the light are small , that is, keep below a predetermined threshold, and chromatic aberrations that are caused by diffraction structures, are low, ie lie below a predetermined threshold S.

It is advantageous if the refractive dispersions D _{ref 1} , D _{ref 2 of} the body and the diffractive dispersions D _{diff 1} , D _{diff 2 of} the diffraction structures of the spectacle lens are:

In this way it can be achieved that the refractive and dispersive dispersion for the light passing through the spectacle lens is at least partially canceled out.

In particular, it is advantageous if the refractive dispersions D _{ref l} , D _re f. _{2 of} the body and the diffractive dispersions D _{diff 1} , D _{diff 2 of} the diffraction structures of the spectacle lens satisfy the following relation: with S = 0.72 cm / m, preferably S = 0.36 cm / m, more preferably S = 0.12 cm / m.

If the refractive dispersions D _{ref 1} , D _{ref 2 of} the body and the diffractive dispersions D _{diff 1} , D _{diff 2 of} the diffractive structures of the spectacle lens are: S <0.12 cm / m, then there is a color error for under Use of the spectacle lens in a human eye generated image below the threshold of perception.

If, on the other hand, the refractive dispersions D _{ref 1} , D _{ref 2 of} the body and the diffractive dispersions D _{diff 1} , D _{diff 2 of} the diffraction structures of the spectacle lens are: S <0.36 cm / m or S <0.72 cm / m so is a color error for the image produced using the spectacle lens in a human eye in everyday use generally not disturbing.

One idea of the invention is, in particular, to optimize the shape of aspheres or free-form surfaces and diffraction structures with a cost function in the case of a spectacle lens such that aberrations, in particular chromatic aberrations, small and the glass thickness of the spectacle lens, for glasses with positive refractive power, the center thickness, For glasses with negative refractive power, the edge thickness is as low as possible.

For this purpose, the invention proposes an optimization method which can be multi-level in particular and in which the target values of the optimization are repeatedly adapted. By optimizing a cost function can be so diffraction structures and spectacle lens parameters such. B. the variance of the spherical effect, the astigmatism, lateral chromatic aberration and / or glass thickness, in particular center thickness or edge thickness are found a good compromise.

In particular, the invention proposes that the grating vector k _{G38 of} the diffraction structure and the grating vector k _{G40 of} the further diffraction structure represent a cost function for at least one viewing direction of the observer

K optimizing grid vector amounts | k _G38 |, | k _G40 | can have, with the cost function K contains a cost function term with:

Ki KiGPl + KiGP2 + KiGP2 + K iSPH + ^ ίRR at the point of view

place on the body surface where the diffraction structure is extended at the from the line of sight

Place on the further body _surface on which the further diffraction structure is extended with K _iSPH : = a ₃ (SPH _is -SPH _soll ) as a spherical aberration of the point on the object _surface , with K _iAST : = a ₄ (AST _is -AST _soll) as an astigmatic aberration of the point on the object surface, K _iFF = a ₅ _(FF-FF _soll) as a chromatic aberration of the point on the object surface, where the coefficients a _x with x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 can be chosen freely.

In the case of the spectacle lens, it may be provided that the grating vector k _{G38 of} the diffraction structure and the grating vector k _{G40 of} the further diffraction structure for a multiplicity of viewing directions i of the observer have a cost function K optimizing grating vector amounts | k _G38 |, | k _G40 | have, wherein the cost function K includes a cost function term K with:

i

place on the body surface where the diffraction structure is extended at from the viewing direction i through

Place on the further body _surface on which the further diffraction structure is extended with K _iSPH : = a _i3 (SPH _is -SPH _soll ) as a spherical aberration of the point on the object _surface , with K _iAST : = a _i4 (AST _is -AST _soll) as an astigmatic aberration of the point on the object surface, K _iFF = a _i5 _(FF-FF _soll) as a chromatic aberration of the point on the object surface, where the coefficients a _ix with x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 can be chosen freely.

Preferably, the spectacle lens has a geometry of the body, in particular a center thickness of the body and / or a front radius of the body and / or a back radius of the body the cost function K optimizing values.

In this way it can be achieved that in the spectacle lens, e.g. spherical aberrations are minimized and / or that the spectacle lens has a predetermined mechanical stability and / or that the geometry of the spectacle lens satisfies predefined form requirements.

The geometry of the body can have an aspherical shape or an open-surface shape of the spectacle glass front surface and / or the spectacle glass back surface descriptive coefficients. The above-specified spectacle lens can have a positive refractive power, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K _edge with: ^K _Ra n _d ^{: =} a _x (RD _is -RD _soll ) _, where RD _is an actual value for the center thickness of the eyeglasses and where RD _is a target value for the center thickness of the eyeglass lens.

However, the spectacle lens given above can also have a negative refractive power, the cost function K then containing a cost function term K _edge with: K _edge : = a _x (RD _is -RD _soll ) _, where RD _is an actual value for the edge thickness of the Spectacle lens is and wherein RD _{should be} a target value for the edge thickness of the spectacle lens.

In a method according to the invention for determining the design of a spectacle lens, a geometry and an object surface as well as an optical transmission function are specified for the spectacle lens. For the given optical transfer function and the predefined geometry, a phase object is then calculated which transmits the light incident on one side of the spectacle lens at an angle of incidence a to a surface normal n of the spectacle lens front surface into one of the wavelength l of the light and Direction of the angle of incidence a of the light directs direction. The phase object includes at least one diffractive structure extending in the body on a body surface, which corresponds to the observation of an object surface from an eye of the observer having an eye pivot and a pupil center, through the eye pivot and the pupil center, and the point on the body Object surface extending direction of view beam can be penetrated. The diffraction structure is formed by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body surface dependent on the location (x, y) interspersed with the viewing direction.

The spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) forming the at least one diffraction structure is continuous in the region of the body that can be enforced from a viewing direction. The continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body is not only local but consists also on a macroscopic scale. The continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body can be global in particular. For this, the continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body preferably consists of a contiguous region B of the body surface, for which the supremum of the metric distance d (x, y) of any two, in the region of the body surface arranged points x, y, defined diameter D with

D: = sup {d (x, y): x, y e B),

D> lmm, preferably D> 10mm, more preferably D> 20mm. The diffraction structure converts a spherical light wave, which originates from a point on the object surface, which is penetrated by the viewing direction, into a light wave running along the viewing direction, which points the point on the object surface onto an image point which is optically conjugate to the object surface the eye of the observer.

The at least one diffraction structure is a hologram of at least a first reference wave W and a second reference wave W12, wherein the hologram is formed as an optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has.

For the grid vector magnitude | k _G40 | of the optical grating is preferably: 2.0 pm <2p / | k _G38 | <2.8 pm. It should be noted that the grating vector magnitude | k _G40 | of the optical grating can be globally constant. It should also be noted, however, that for the grid vector amount: where F ₄₀ y) is a scalar function dependent on the location in the body surface. It is advantageous if the grid vector magnitude | k _G40 | of the grating vector k _{G40 is} optimized for at least one viewing direction of the observer in order to optimize an imaging error of the pixel in the eye of the observer. It should be noted that the aberration may correspond to one aberration or multiple aberrations from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma. In addition, it should be noted that the grid vector magnitude | k _G40 | of the grid vector k _G40 for at least one viewing direction of the observer can be optimized to minimize a diameter of the pixel in the eye of the observer.

The grid vector magnitude | k _G40 | of the grating vector k _G40 can also be optimized for at least one viewing direction of the observer. that a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure is maximized.

The direction of the grating vector k _G40 is preferably optimized for at least one viewing direction of the observer in order to thereby optimize an imaging error of the pixel in the eye of the observer. The aberration can correspond to an aberration or several aberrations from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma or defocus.

The grating vector k _G40 can alternatively or additionally also be optimized for at least one viewing direction of the observer in order to minimize a diameter of the pixel in the eye of the observer.

It should be noted that the grating vector k _{G40 can} also be optimized for at least one viewing direction of the observer in order to maximize a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure. It should also be noted that the body may include a phase object including the at least one diffractive structure, wherein the phase object and the body are the side of the spectacle lens remote from the observer with respect to the surface normal at an incident angle ai to a surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface directing light incident from a point on an object surface into a direction dependent on the wavelength ℓ of the light and on the angle of incidence ai of the light.

For the surface of the spectacle lens facing away from the observer, the body is at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal of the front surface of the spectacle lens of FIG the light incident on the object surface is a refractive body with a refractive dispersion D _{ref L} with

For the light emerging from the point on the object surface at the side of the spectacle lens facing the observer on the surface normal at the exit angle, the body is a refractive body with a refractive dispersion D _{ref 2}

In this case, λ (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wavelength l, of an optical medium arranged between the object surface and the body for the light, h ₂ (l) the refractive index of the body generally dependent on the wave length l for the light, and h ₃ (l) the refractive index, generally dependent on the wavelength l, of an optical medium between the pupil and the body for the light.

In this case, the diffraction structure has the refractive dispersion D _ref : = D _ref for the light incident on the side of the spectacle lens facing away from the observer with respect to the surface normal at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface from the point on the object surface _l + D _{ref 2 of} the body at least partially compensating diffractive dispersion D _{diff l} on with In this case, a _{4 is} a point of the body surface on which the diffraction structure extends, extending to a surface normal at a point of the light incident from the point on the object surface on the spectacle lens front surface at the incidence angle ai to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface, related deflection angle for the light incident from the point on the object surface to the spectacle lens front surface at the incident angle ai to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface. In this case, the diffraction structure is a hologram of at least one first reference wave W and one second reference wave W12, which is formed as an optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has.

L proj.38 is the lattice period of the projection of the lattice vector with the body surface

It is advantageous if the following relationship applies to the refractive dispersions D _{ref 2} , D _{ref 2} and the diffractive dispersion D _{ref 2} : sign (D _{ref I} + D _{ref 2} ) = -sign (D _{diff I} )

In the method for determining the design of a spectacle lens, it may be provided that at least one further diffraction structure, which diffracts light diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure into a first diffraction order 01 into a diffraction order O 2, for which: 1011 = 1021 and sign (Ol ) = -sign (02), wherein the at least one further diffraction structure is extended on a further body surface which can coincide with the first body surface and which is defined by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) dependent on the location in the body surface ) is formed, wherein the at least one additional diffractive structure is a hologram of at least one further first reference wave W _2i and a further second reference wave W ₂ 2 in which the further first reference wave W _2i by means of the wenigstes a diffraction structure diffracted first reference wave W or by means of said at least one diffraction structure diffracted second reference wave Wi ₂ , wherein d the hologram of the further diffraction structure is formed as a further optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount wherein the at least one further diffraction structure for the side of the spectacle lens facing away from the observer with respect to the surface normal at the angle of incidence CM TO the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface incident from the point on the object surface and then refracted to the angle 02 with respect to the surface normal Light has a diffractive dispersion D _{diff 2} with where A _proj. 4o the grating period of the projection of the grating vector of the further optical grating on the further body surface is with

2p

L per j.40

and wherein a ₃ extends to a surface normal at a location of the further surface of the body from which the light incident from the point on the object surface is incident on the spectacle lens front surface at the incidence angle α i to the surface normal of the spectacle lens front surface, at which the further diffraction structure extends is a related deflection angle for the light incident from the point on the object surface on the eyeglass lens front surface at the incident angle ai to the surface normal of the eyeglass lens front surface. In the process preferably applies:

It is also advantageous if the following applies in the process: with S = 0.72 cm / m, preferably S = 0.36 cm / m, particularly preferred

S = 0.12 cm / m. The grating vector k _{G38 of} the diffraction structure and the grating vector k _{G40 of} the further diffraction structure for at least one viewing direction of the person under observation can be grating vector amounts | k _G38 |, | k _G40 | which are determined by optimizing a cost function K, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K, with:

reverse direction

In the method, the grating vector k _{G38 of} the diffraction structure and the grating vector k _{G40 of} the further diffraction structure for a plurality of viewing directions i of the observer can be grid vector amounts | k _G38 |, | k _G40 | which are determined by optimizing a cost function K, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K with:

i

In the method, a geometry of the body, in particular a center thickness of the body and / or a front radius of the body and / or a back radius of the body can have the cost function K optimizing values. In particular, in the method, the geometry of the body may have an aspherical shape or an open-surface shape of the spectacle glass front surface and / or the spectacle glass rear surface describing coefficients.

In the method, a positive refractive power can be predefined for the spectacle lens, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K _edge with: where RD _is an actual value for the center _{thickness of} the spectacle lens and wherein RD _{soii is} a target value for the center _{thickness of} the spectacle lens. Alternatively, in the method, a negative refractive power can also be predetermined, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K _Ran d with: where RD _is an actual value for the edge thickness of the spectacle lens and wherein RD _{should be} a target value for the edge thickness of the spectacle lens. It should be noted that the grating vector k _{G38 of} the diffraction structure and the

Grid vector k _{G40 of} the further diffraction structure and the geometry of the body for at least one viewing direction of the observer can be optimized to optimize at least one aberration of the viewpoint described in the cost function K in the eye of the observer.

In a method according to the invention for producing a spectacle lens, a phase object is generated which contains at least one hologram of a first reference wave W generated by a light modulator and a second reference wave W12 generated by means of a light modulator or which contains a computer-generated hologram.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in the drawings and will be described below.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a pair of glasses with a left and a right spectacle lens, the one

Have phase object;

2 shows an observer with the glasses; 3 shows a section of the right-hand spectacle lens of the spectacles shown in FIG. 1 with the right eye of the observer and with an object surface; 4 shows the modulation of the refractive index in a diffraction structure of the

Phase object in the spectacle lens;

5 shows a partial section of the left-hand spectacle lens; 6 shows the optical effect and properties of a first diffraction structure and a further diffraction structure of the phase object in the spectacle lens;

Fig. 7 shows the diffraction efficiency h of a diffraction structure for light in one

Spectacle lens depending on the angle deviation da from a line of sight bent by an angle a;

8 shows the diffraction efficiency h of a diffraction structure formed as a multiplexing volume grating in a spectacle lens as a function of the angular deviation Da from a line of sight beam which is bent by an angle a;

FIGS. 9a and 9b and FIG. 9c show the diffraction efficiency h of a diffraction structure for light in a spectacle lens for different angles of incidence of the light on the diffraction structure and different wavelengths 1 of the light at different grating constants A _G ;

10 shows a section of another, right spectacle lens for a pair of glasses with the right eye of an observer and with a

Object surface, which has a first diffraction structure and another Diffraction structure with grating vectors and a geometry of the body of the spectacle lens that minimize a cost function;

11 is an enlarged partial view of the area XI in Fig. 10 with a

Sight beam;

Fig. 12 shows the distribution of refractive power and astigmatism and a

Color aberration in the spectacle lens shown in Figure 1; Fig. 13, the distribution of refractive power and astigmatism and a

Color aberration in a spectacle lens without diffraction structures, which has a comparable to the spectacle lens shown in Figure 1 refractive power. Fig. 14 shows the distribution of refractive power and astigmatism and a

Color aberration in a spectacle lens with a first and a further diffraction structure with grating vectors and with a geometry of the body of the spectacle lens, which minimize a cost function; and

Fig. 15 shows the distribution of refractive power and astigmatism and a

Color error in a spectacle lens without diffraction structures, which has a refractive power which is comparable to the refractive power of the spectacle lens underlying the distribution of the refractive power and of the astigmatism and of the chromatic aberration which is shown in FIG.

The spectacles 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a spectacle frame 12, in which a left and a right spectacle lens 16, 18 is accommodated. The glasses 10 can also be designed as a monocle with only a spectacle lens. The spectacle lenses 16, 18 each have a transparent body for the visible light. The design of the spectacle lens 16 corresponds in principle to the construction of the spectacle lens 18. The transparent body for the visible light the lenses 16, 18 is made of a transparent to the visible light plastic. There are in each case phase objects 20, 22 in the transparent body of the spectacle lens 16 and of the spectacle lens 18. These phase objects 20, 22 contain diffraction structures.

FIG. 2 shows an observer 24 with the spectacles 10 when observing an object surface 28. The transparent body of the left spectacle lens 16 is penetrated by the viewing direction 30 of the left eye 32 of the observer 24. The same applies to the transparent body of the right-hand spectacle lens 18. The object surface 28 in FIG. 2 is a curved surface in two mutually perpendicular directions. When viewing different locations of the object surface 28, the viewing direction 30 of the left eye 32 passes through the spectacle lens 16 and the viewing direction of the right eye through the spectacle lens 18 in different areas. Defective vision of the left eye 32 and the right eye of the observer 24 is compensated by means of the left and right spectacle lenses 16, 18 such that the observer 24 sees the object surface 28 sharply at the different points.

The lenses 16, 18 have for this purpose on the left 32 and the right eye of the observer 24 and the course of the object surface 28 and the arrangement of the object surface 28 with respect to the observer 24 tuned optical effect. This optical effect can be individualized for the observer 24 in particular. It should be noted that the object surface 28 may be a free-form surface. In other words, the object surface 28 can have a basically arbitrary shape, eg. For example, the object surface 28 may be curved or bent or even a plane.

FIG. 3 is a section of the spectacle lens 18 from FIG. 1 with the right eye 34 of the observer 24 and the object surface 28 at different viewing directions 30, 30 '. The body 36 of the spectacle lens 16 contains a carrier made of an optical plastic. Basically, the wearer in the body 36 but also z. B. consist of a mineral glass. The phase object 20 in the body 36 of the spectacle lens 16 has an optical effect.

For this purpose, the phase object 20 has a first diffraction structure 38 in the form of a first grating formed as a volume grating and a further diffraction structure 40 in the form of a grating designed as a volume grating. The first diffraction structure 38 extends in the body at a first body surface 42, which, when the object surface 28 is observed, is penetrated by a line of sight beam 31, 31 '. The line of sight beam 31, 31 'penetrates here the body surface 42 at the point 54 or at the point 54'. The course of the gaze beam 31, 31 'depends on the viewing direction 30, 30'. The line of sight beam 31, 31 'is a main beam of the optical image in the image surface 28' optically conjugate to the object surface 28 on the ocular fundus of a point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 observed by the observer 24 in the viewing direction 30, 30' Viewing beam 31, 31 'extends through the eye pivot 50 and the pupil center 51, 51'.

The further diffraction structure 40 also extends in the body of the spectacle lens 16 at a further body surface 44, which, when viewing the object surface 28, receives the viewing direction beam 31, 31 'corresponding to the viewing direction 30, 30' of the eye 34 of the observer 24 the points 56, 56 'is enforced. The line of sight beam 31, 31 ', as shown in FIG. 3, is generally refracted during the penetration of the spectacle lens and it is diffracted in the phase object 20 by the diffraction structures 38, 40.

It should be noted that the body surfaces 42, 44 are cutting surfaces of the glasses glass 16, 18, which may in particular be curved. It should also be noted that the body surfaces 42, 44, along which the diffraction structures 38, 40 of the phase object 20 are extended in a spectacle lens 16, 18, also can coincide. In this case, the diffraction structures 38, 40 of the phase object 20 in a spectacle lens 16, 18 abut each other and the diffraction structures 38, 40 are then not spaced apart.

The phase object 20 deflects the spectacle glass front surface 46 of the spectacle lens 16, which is directed on a viewing beam 31, 31 'at an angle of incidence α to the local surface normal 48, into one of the wavelength λ of the light and of the spectacle lens the angle of incidence a of the light dependent direction.

The first diffraction structure 38 and the further diffraction structure 40 are for this purpose in each case by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y), = n, dependent on the locations 54, 54 ', 56, 56' in the body surfaces 42, 44 interspersed with the viewing direction ₀ + Ansin (F (x, y)) is formed.

The spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) forming the first diffraction structure 38 and the further diffraction structure 40 in the body 36 of a spectacle lens 16, 18 which is enforceable from different directions when wearing the spectacles 10 shown in FIG. 1 is one in each case continuous function of the location in the body surfaces 42, 44 in the spectacle lens 18. The diffraction structures 38, 40 in the phase object 20 of the spectacle lens 18 transmit a spherical light wave which can be observed by one of the observers 24 under the respective viewing direction 30, 30 ' Point 14, 14 'originates on the object surface 28, in a along the Be ickricht- jets 31, 3T extending light wave, the point 14, 14' on the object surface 28 on a in the object surface 28 optically conjugate image surface 28 'lying Image point 15, 15 'in the eye 34 of the observer forms.

It should be noted that the left lens 16 in a manner corresponding to the right glasses glass 18 causes an optical imaging of points 14, 14 'on the observed object surface 28 on the fundus, the lie on the line of sight of the then right eye of the observer 24 corresponding sight line rays.

FIG. 4 shows the continuous modulation 47 of the refractive index n along a curve in the body surface 42 of FIG. 3 having the amplitude 49 in a section of the diffraction structure 38. FIG. 5 is a section of the body surface 42 Diffraction structure 38 in the eyeglass lens 18. The diffraction structure 38 is a volume lattice having a constant thickness d and its lattice vector has a generally location-dependent dependent direction, where A _x , A _y , A _{z are} the local lattice constants of the volume lattice of the diffraction structure 38 in the three different spatial directions.

In the diffraction structure 38, the lattice constants L _c and A _y are linked by the following relation:

Ac ldf (x, y)

dx

and

A _y ¹ / df (x, y)

dy where f (x, y) is a continuously differentiable groove number function optimized according to the required optical transfer function of the diffraction structure after the spatial variables x and y and where and

the physical

has the groove density of the grid in the x and y directions. The amount of the grid vector is constant in the diffraction structure 38. For the lattice constant applies in this case:

A _G = 2.4 mth

It should be noted that, in principle, other values can also be selected here as a value for the lattice constant A _c . Values for the following preferably apply:

2,0 mhh <| k ^ | <2.8 mhh. It should also be noted that in a modified embodiment of the invention, the grating vector magnitude | k _G38 | may be a generally non-constant scalar function F ₃₈ (x, y) depending on the location in the body surface 42. The diffraction structure 40 in a spectacle lens 16, 18 is also a volume mesh having a constant thickness d and its grating vector again has a constant amount but a location-dependent direction. It should be noted, however, that in a modified embodiment of the invention, the grating vector magnitude | k _G40 | may be a generally non-constant scalar function F ₄₀ (x, y) depending on the location in the body surface 42.

FIG. 6 explains the optical effect and properties of the first diffraction structure 38 and the further diffraction structure 40 of the phase object 20 in the spectacle lens 16.

The volume grating of the first diffraction structure 38 has a groove density df (x.y) on the side facing the eye 34 of the observer 24.

Fx (x, y) = öx

df (x.y)

F _y (x, Y) =

dy which ensures that a point 14 lying on the sighting beam 31 on the object surface 28 is diffracted as a pixel 15 onto the background of the eye 34 of the observer 24.

This property of the diffraction structure 38 implies that the direction of the grating vector in the volume lattice of the diffraction structure must be adapted to each possible directional beam 31 through the lens 16, 18, as the amount | k _G38 | of the grating vector in the diffraction structure 38 is constant.

By making this adaptation, the first diffraction structure 38 is a hologram of a first reference wave Wn and a first reference wave Wn second reference wave W12, wherein the first reference wave W is a spherical wave of a point light source arranged in the eye 34 of the observer 24 on or in the vicinity of the eye pivot point 50, it can be achieved that the diffraction structure 38 corresponds to that of a directional beam 31 lying on the object surface 28 emitted light, which passes through the pupil 52 of the eye 34 of the observer, is diffracted with a maximum diffraction efficiency h in a pixel 15 on the object surface 28 conjugate image surface 28 '.

For this purpose, the wave front _vector k _wll 'of the first reference wave W and the wavefront vector k _{wi 2 of} the second reference wave W12 as well as the grating vector k _{G38 are provided} on each side of the diffraction structure 38 facing the line of sight 31, 31' of the hologram is linked as follows: kwilkwi2 kG38 -

FIG. 7 shows the diffraction efficiency h of the diffraction structure 38 for light which is diffracted at an angle DQ to a line of sight beam 31 as shown in FIG. 3 through the pupil 52 into the eye 34 of the observer 24. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the diffraction structure 38, which is a hologram of a first reference wave W and a second reference wave Wi ₂ , ensures the first reference wave W a spherical wave in the eye 34 of the observer 24 on or in the eye The point light source arranged near the eye pivot point 50 is such that not only the light on a line of sight 31 but also the light which passes into the eye 34 of the observer at an angle of -2.5 ° <DQ <2.5 ° Diffraction structure 38 is diffracted.

It should be noted that by the hologram of the diffraction structure 38, a hologram of two pairs of reference waves P1 = (Wn, Wi ₂ ); P2 = (W _2i , W ₂₂ ) or several pairs of reference waves P, (Wii, W _i2 ), i = 1, 2, 3 .... It can be ensured that the diffraction structure 38 acts as a multiplexing volume grating and thus allows the diffraction of light with the diffraction efficiency h shown in FIG. 8, which at angle DQ to a line of sight steel 31 in the eye 34 of Observant 24 is incident. For light incident at a angle -2.5 ° <DQ <2.5 ° to a line of sight beam, the diffraction efficiency h here is more than 95%.

The further diffraction structure 40 shown in FIGS. 3 and 6 in the light-emitting glass 16, 18 has the function of minimizing and, if possible, compensating for a chromatic aberration caused by the dispersion in the diffraction structure 38.

For this purpose, the further diffraction structure 40 is also a hologram of a further first reference wave W _2i and a further second reference wave W ₂₂ . In this case, the position of the further diffraction structure 40 for the wavefront vector k _W21 'of the further first reference wave W _2i and the wavefront vector k _{W22 of} the further second reference wave apply to each point of the viewing direction beam 31, 31' W ₂₂ and the grating vector k _{G40 of} the hologram: kw21- kw22 kG40> wherein the further first reference wave W _2i the first reference wave Wn diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure or the second reference wave Wi ₂ diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure to the hologram of the first diffraction structure 38 is.

The diffraction structure 40 in the phase object 20 of the spectacle lens 18 diffracts the light, which is diffracted by the diffraction structure 38 into a first diffraction order 01, into a diffraction order O 2 opposite this diffraction order, where: | 01 | = 1021 and sign (Ol) = -sign (02).

It should be noted that the hologram of the diffraction structure 40 is also a hologram of two pairs of reference waves P1 = (Wn, W12); P2 = (W _2i , W22) or multiple pairs of reference waves P, (Wii, W _i2 ), i = 1, 2, 3 .... Such a diffraction structure acts as a multiplexing

Volume lattice and allows the bending of light with a high diffraction efficiency h, which is incident on the spectacle lens front surface 46 within an angle range a ± Da to a surface normal 48 angle of incidence a.

The grating vector k _G38 and the grating vector k _G40 in the diffraction structure 38 and the diffraction structure 40 of the phase object 20 have a direction basically dependent on the location in the spectacle lens 16, 18, which ensures that the aberration of the pixel in the eye 32, 34 of the observation object - person 24 is minimal.

The direction of the grating vector k _G38 and the grating vector k _G40 in the diffraction structure 38 and the diffraction structure 40 is optimized for this purpose in an optimization method for the smallest possible aberration. The aberration can z. B. a aberration or multiple Abbil tion errors from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma correspond.

The direction of the grating vector k _G38 and the grating vector k _G40 in the diffraction structure 38 and the diffraction structure 40 can alternatively or additionally also be optimized such that for the possible different viewing directions 30, 30 'of the observer 24 through the spectacle lens 16, 18 a diameter of the pixel in the eye 32, 34 of the observation person 24 is minimal. Alternatively or additionally, the optimization of the grating vector k _G38 and the grating vector k _G40 in the diffraction structure 38 and the diffraction structure 40 can also take place such that the diffraction efficiency h for the light incident on the spectacle lens 16, 18 in different possible viewing directions is as far as possible is great.

It should be noted that in the case of grid vector amounts | k _G38 |, | k _G40 | of the grating vector k _G38 , k _{G40 of} the diffraction structures 38, 40, which depend on the location in the body surfaces 42, 44, a grating vector k _G38 , k _G40 for at least one viewing direction 30, 30 'of the observer 24 has one Image error 15, 15 'lattice vector amount can optimize. It should be noted that the aberration may correspond to a mapping error or multiple aberrations from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus. Alternatively or additionally, the grating vector | k _G38 |, | k _G40 | for at least one viewing direction 30, 30 'of the observer 24 also have a grid vector amount optimizing a diameter of a pixel 15, 15'.

This optimization can z. B. carried out on the basis of a cost function, the Abbildungsfehler and / or color errors and / or the diffraction efficiency h of the diffraction structures 38, 40 in the spectacle lens 16, 18 evaluated.

FIG. 9a shows the diffraction efficiency h of a diffraction structure for light in a spectacle lens for different angles of incidence a and of the light and different wavelengths l of the light on a diffraction structure with the grating constant A _G = 2.0 mih. In FIG. 9b, the diffraction efficiency h of a corresponding diffraction structure for light with the lattice constant A _G = 2.4 mih can be seen. FIG. 9c shows the diffraction efficiency h of a diffraction structure for light in a spectacle lens for different angles of incidence a and of the light and different wavelengths l of the light on a diffraction structure with the grating constant A _G = 2.8 mih. It can be seen from FIGS. 9a, 9b and 9c that a change in the pitch constant A _G in the interval 2.0 miti <2n / | k _G38 | = | A _G | <2,8 miti or 2,0 miti <2n / | k _G40 | = | A _G | <2,8 has only a small influence on the diffraction efficiency h of the diffraction structure in the spectacle lens, so that a variation of grating vector amounts | k _G38 |, | k _G40 | of the grating vector k _G38 , k _G40 does not impair the diffraction efficiency h of the diffraction structure in the spectacle lens.

FIG. 10 shows a section of another, right spectacle lens 18 'for a pair of spectacles with the right eye 34 of an observer and with an object surface 28 and an object surface at different viewing directions 30, 30'. FIG. 11 is an enlarged partial view of the section with a line of sight 31 for the viewing direction 30.

The body 36 of the spectacle lens 18 'also contains here a carrier made of an optical plastic. In principle, the carrier in the body 36 but also z. B. consist of a mineral glass. In the body 36 of the eyeglass lens 18 'there is again a phase object 20 with an optical effect.

The phase object 20 contains a diffraction structure 38. The phase object 20 and the body 36 deflects the side of the spectacle lens 18 'facing away from the observer 24 with respect to the surface normal 48 at an incident angle ai to a surface normal 48 of the spectacle glass front surface 46 a point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 incident light in one of the wavelength l of the light and the angle of incidence ai of the light dependent direction.

Both the first diffraction structure 38 and the further diffraction structure 40 are formed as a volume grating. The first diffraction structure 38 extends in the body on a first body surface 42 which, when the object surface 28 is observed, is penetrated by a line of sight beam 31, 3T. The line of sight beam 31, 3T penetrates the body surface 42 at the point 54 or at the point 54 '. The course of the sight line beam 31, 31 'depends on the viewing direction 30, 30'. The line of sight beam 31, 31 'is a main ray of the optical image in the image surface 28' optically conjugate to the object surface 28 on the ocular fundus of a point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 observed by the observer 24 in the viewing direction 30, 30' The line of sight beam 31, 31 'extends through the eye pivot point 50 and the pupil center 51, 51'.

The further diffraction structure 40 is also extended in the body of the spectacle lens 18 'on a further body surface 44 which, when viewing the object surface 28, is aligned with the line of sight 31, 31' corresponding to the viewing direction 30, 30 'of the eye 34 of the observer 24. is penetrated at the points 56, 56 '. The line of sight beam 31, 31 ', as shown in FIG. 10, is generally refracted during the penetration of the spectacle lens and is diffracted in the phase object 20 by the diffraction structures 38, 40.

It should be noted that the body surfaces 42, 44 are cutting surfaces of the glasses glass 18 ', which may in particular be curved. It should also be noted that the body surfaces 42, 44, along which the diffraction structures 38, 40 of the phase object 20 are extended in the spectacle lens 18 ', may also be coincident. In this case, the diffraction structures 38, 40 of the phase object 20 are in a spectacle lens 18 'together and the diffraction structures 38, 40 are then not spaced apart.

The spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) forming the first diffraction structure 38 and the further diffraction structure 40 in the spectacles corresponding to one of the spectacles 10 shown in FIG. The diffractive structures 38, 40 in the phase object 20 of the spectacle lens 18 transmit a spherical light wave, which differs from one of the Observation person 24 under the respective viewing direction 30, 30 'observable point 14, 14' on the object surface 28 results in a along the line of sight rays 31, 31 'extending light wave, the point 14, 14' on the object surface 28 to a in the zu the object surface 28 optically conjugate image surface 28 'lying image point 15, 15' in the eye 34 of the observer forms.

The refractive index modulation forming the first diffraction structure 38 and the further diffraction structure 40 is continuous over a contiguous region B of the body surface 42, for which, as the supremum of the metallic distance d (x, y) of any two, in the region of Body surface 42 arranged points x, y, defined diameter D is:

D: = sup {d (x, y): x, y e B)> 20 mm,

For the side of the spectacle lens 18 facing away from the observer 24, the body 36 is light incident on the object surface 28 from the point 14, 14 'with respect to the surface normal 48 at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal 48 of the spectacle lens front surface refractive body with a refractive dispersion D _ref with

"Da ₂ d (l) sin

D _{ref i} : = - = - asm in

^he - ¹ dX dX V n ₂ (l))

In this case, for the side of the spectacle lens 16 facing the observer 24, the body 36 is refractive with respect to the surface normal 59 at the exit angle from light emerging from the point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 Body with a refractive dispersion D _{ref 2} with

Here, ((ℓ) is the refractive index of the optical medium for the light, generally dependent on the wave length ℓ, of the optical medium disposed between the object surface 28 and the body 36, nh ₂ (ℓ) being the one generally dependent on the wavelength λ The refractive index of the body 36 for the light, h ₃ (l), is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wave length l, of an optical medium for the light arranged between the pupil 52 and the body 36.

The diffraction structure 38, for the side of the spectacle lens 18 'facing away from the observer 24, with respect to the surface normals 48 at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal 48 of the spectacle lens front surface 46, falls from the point 14, 14' on the object surface 28 light a diffractive dispersion D _{diff L that} at least partially compensates for the refractive dispersion D _ref : = D _{ref l} + D _{ref 2 of} the body 36.

Where:

Ddiff.

Here, a _{4 is} a point of the body surface 42 penetrated on a surface normal 58 at a point of the body surface 42 penetrating from the point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 to the spectacle glass front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal 48 of the spectacle glass front surface 46 the diffraction structure 38 extends, related deflection angle for the light incident from the point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 on the spectacle lens front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal 48 of the spectacle lens front surface 46. The diffraction structure 38 is a hologram of at least a first reference wave W and a second reference wave W12, which is formed as an optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector 0 with a grid vector amount Has. 5 A _proj .38 is the grating period of the projection of the grating vector

The further diffraction structure 40 in the spectacle lens 18 'diffracts the light diffracted by the diffraction structure 38 into a first diffraction order 01 into a diffraction order O 2, for which the following applies:

1011 = 1021 and sign (Ol) = -sign (02). The further diffraction structure 40 in the spectacle lens 18 'is extended on a further body surface 44, which may coincide with the first body surface 42 and which is limited by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (FIG. 2) dependent on the location 54, 56 in the body surface 44. x, y) is formed.

The further diffraction structure 40 is a hologram of at least one further first reference wave W _2i and a further second reference wave W ₂₂ . The further first reference _wave W _2i is the first reference _wave W diffracted by means of the least one diffraction structure 38 or the second reference wave W ₂ diffracted by means of the least one diffraction structure 38.

In this case, the hologram of the further diffraction structure 40 is formed as a further optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has.

The further diffraction structure 40 has, for the side of the spectacle lens 18 'facing away from the observation person 24, with respect to the surface normals 48 at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal 48 the spectacle lens front surface 46 incident from the point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 and then refracted at the angle 02 with respect to the surface normal 48 a diffractive dispersion D _{diff 2} , for which applies:

JJ _ da ₃ _ m

d ^lff - ² 'dX A _per j ₄₀ cos a ₃ ^'

A _Proj. 4o is the grating period of the projection of the grating vector of the further optical grating on the other body surface 44 with Here, a _{3 is} a point of the further body surface 44 interspersed with a surface normal 57 at a point of the light incident from the point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 on the spectacle glass front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal 48 of the spectacle glass front surface 46 the further diffraction structure 40 extends, related deflection angle for the incident from the point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 on the spectacle lens front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal 48 of the Bril lenglasvorderfläche 46 incident light.

In the case of the spectacle lens 18 ', the refractive dispersions fulfill errors! A digit was expected, and mistakes! One digit was expected, with the diffractive dispersion error! A digit was expected, and mistakes! One digit was expected, the following relation

Where: with S = 0.72 cm / m, preferably S = 0.36 cm / m, particularly preferred

S = 0.12 cm / m.

In the spectacle lens 18 ', the grating vector k _{G38 of} the diffraction structure 38 and the grating vector k _{G40 of} the further diffraction structure 40 have grating vector gains | k _G38 |, | k _G40 | that optimize a cost function K for a multiplicity of different viewing directions i Cost Function Term K contains with:

i

place 54 on the body surface 42 where the diffraction structure 38 is stretched,

with Kj _Gp2 : - a ₂ at the point of view i through

put place 56 on the further body surface 44, on which the further diffraction structure 40 is extended, with K _iSPH : = a _i3 (SPH _is -SPH _soll ) as a spherical aberration of the point 14 on the object _surface 28, with K _iAST : = a _i4 (AST _is -AST _soll ) as an astigmatic aberration of the point 14 on the object surface 28, with K _iFF = a _i5 (FF _is -FF _soll ) as a chromatic aberration of the point 14 on the object surface 28, wherein the coefficients a _ix with x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 can be chosen freely.

The grating vector k _{G38 of} the diffraction structure 38 and the grating vector k _{G40 of} the further diffraction structure 40 and the geometry of the body 36 are optimized for at least one viewing direction 30 of the observer 24 to at least one aberration of the viewpoint in the eye 32 described in the cost function K. 34 to optimize the observer, ie to keep it as low as possible. In the spectacle lens 18 ', therefore, the center thickness of the body 36 and a front radius of the body 36 and a back radius of the body 36 have values which optimize the cost function K, the geometry of the body 36 having coefficients describing aspherical shape. It should be noted that the geometry of the body 36 can alternatively or additionally also have a free-surface shape of the spectacle glass front surface 46 and / or a free-surface shape of the spectacle glass rear surface describing coefficients.

The spectacle lens 18 'has a positive refractive power, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K _edge with: K _edge : = a _x (RD _is -RD _soll ) _, where RD _is an actual value for the center thickness of the spectacle lens and where RD _is a Setpoint for the center thickness of the spectacle lens is.

It should be noted that the spectacle lens 18 'can also have a negative refractive power, the cost function K then having a cost function term K _edge contains: K _edge : = a _x (RD _is -RD _soll ) _, where RD _is an actual value for the edge thickness of the spectacle lens and where RD _is a target value for the edge thickness of the spectacle lens. It should be noted that the right-hand spectacle lens 18 'described above can basically also be a left-hand spectacle lens, like the spectacle lens 16 shown in FIG. 1. The optical imaging of points 14, 14 'on the observed object surface 28 on the ocular fundus causes here that corresponding to the viewing direction of the then right eye of the observer 24 sight line rays.

FIG. 12 shows the distribution of the refractive power and the astigmatism as well as a color aberration to the spectacle lens 18 'shown in FIG. 10. The prescription effect of the spectacle lens 18 'is a spherical effect of -4 diopters and an astigmatism of 0 dioptres. In FIG. 12, the variance of the spherical effect and the astigmatism in diopters as well as the transverse chromatic aberration in a self-selected unit are visualized with respect to the spectacle lens 18 '. Due to the optimization, the edge thickness of the spectacle lens is reduced as much as possible. The spectacle lens blank on which the spectacle lens 18 'is based is circular and has the diameter d = 60 mm. It consists of a material with a refractive index of 1.59 (d line) in order to achieve a spherical effect of -4 diopters, especially in the center of the glass, with as little astigmatism as possible.

The resulting distributions of spherical power, astigmatism and lateral chromatic aberrations are shown in sections a), b) and c) of FIG. 12. The spherical effect varies in the spectacle lens 18 'between about -4 diopters in the center and about -3.4 diopters on the lens edge. Astigmatism is close to zero. The color error is around 13 in our self-selected unit, resulting in color fringes of up to 2.9 mm / m. speaks. The edge thickness of the spectacle lens in the height 30 mm is 4.50 mm. For framing in a spectacle position, the spectacle lens 18 'is cut out of the circular spectacle lens blank for which it is based.

FIG. 13 shows the distribution of the refractive power and the astigmatism as well as a color aberration in the case of a spectacle lens without diffraction structures, which has a refractive power comparable to the spectacle lens shown in FIG. 12, as a reference. The center thickness di ₃ of the spectacle lens underlying FIG. 13 and the center thickness of the spectacle lens underlying FIG. 12 are the same here. The following applies: di3 = the = 1, 2 mm. The material of the spectacle lenses based on FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 has the refractive index n = 1.59 (n _d line) and the Abbe number v = 41.11.

The chromatic aberration of the reference additionally has the approximate formula "color fringe per meter = prism / abbe number" which is common in ophthalmic optics. The prism is approximated here as a product of the prescription effect of the spectacle lens in terms of diopter and viewing height. A color fringe of z. For example, 2 mm per meter expresses that a black object on a white background at a distance of one meter has a color fringe of 2 mm (measured in the object plane).

FIGS. 12 and 13 show that the invention makes it possible to significantly reduce the color aberration of a spectacle lens. The color error of the spectacle lens on which FIG. 12 is based lies below the perception threshold of 0.12 cm / m. The edge thickness d _ri s of this spectacle lens is with d _ri s = 3.8 mm by 0.7 mm smaller than the edge thickness n ₃ = 4.6 mm of the spectacle lens, which is the basis of FIG.

It should be noted that the edge thickness can also be reduced to values that are even lower by the optimization described above. However, the reduction of the edge thickness is accompanied here by an increase of the chromatic aberration, since the chromatic aberration of the body 36 of the lens lenglases 18 'by the color aberration of the diffraction structures 38, 40 in the spectacle lens of FIG. 12 is already overcompensated.

FIG. 14 shows the distribution of refractive power and astigmatism as well as a chromatic aberration in a spectacle lens with a first and a further diffraction structure with grating vectors and with a geometry of the body of the spectacle lens which minimize a cost function. The prescription effect of the spectacle lens is a spherical effect of -8 diopters and an astigmatism of 0 dioptres.

FIG. 15 shows the distribution of the refractive power and the astigmatism as well as a chromatic aberration in the case of a spectacle lens without diffraction structures which has a refractive power which increases with the refractive power of the distribution of the refractive power and the astigmatism as well as of the chromatic aberration shown in FIG - underlying eyeglass lens is comparable. The center thickness of the spectacle lenses in FIGS. 14 and 15 is 1.2 mm in each case. The spectacle lenses of FIGS. 14 and 15 are made of a material with refractive index 1.73 (n _d line) and an Abbe number of 32.15.

The example of the spectacle lenses in FIGS. 14 and 15 differs from the example of the spectacle lenses in FIGS. 12 and 13 by a significantly higher spherical effect of -8 dioptres. FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 show that, even with such a large spherical effect, a significant reduction of the chromatic aberration can be achieved without producing changes in the variance of spherical effect or astigmatism that disturb a person observing , It should be noted that for the edge thickness d _ri4 of the spectacle lens on which the FIG. 14 is based: d _ri4 = 5.5 mm, the spectacle lens on which the FIG. 15 is based has the edge thickness d _ri5 = 5.7 mm.

It is also to be noted that a spectacle lens with a phase object 20 described above can be produced by producing the phase object 20 in that at least one hologram of a generated by means of a light modulator second reference wave W12 generated by a light modulator second reference wave W12, or in that the hologram is generated by means of a computer.

The project that has patented the invention is a project funded under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program of the European Union under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Subsidiary Agreement No. 675745.

In summary, the following preferred features of the invention should be noted: The invention relates to a spectacle lens 16, 18 which has a body 36. The body 36 includes at least one diffractive structure 38, 40 which extends in the body 36 on a body surface 42, 44. The diffraction structure 38 is formed by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) which depends on the location 54, 56 in the body surface 42, 44. The spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body 36 is continuous. The continuity of the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body 36 is preferably over a contiguous region B of the body surface 42 for which the supremum of the metric distance d (x, y) of any two, the area of the body surface 42 arranged points x, y, defined diameter D with

D: = sup {d (x, y): x, y e B):

D> lmm, preferably D> 10mm, more preferably D> 20mm.

The diffractive structure converts a spherical light wave, which originates from a point 14, 14 'on an object surface 28, into a light wave, which forms the light wave Point 14, 14 'on the object surface 28 on a lying in an optically conjugate to the object surface 28 image surface 28' lying image point 15, 15 '.

Preferred features of the invention:

A spectacle lens (16, 18) comprising a body (36) including at least one diffractive structure (38) extending on a body surface (42) and penetrating through one of the location (54, 56) in the body surface (42). 42) dependent spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) is formed, characterized in that the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body (36) is continuous and the diffraction structure is a spherical light wave from a point (14, 14 ') on an object surface (28), converted into a light wave, the point (14, 14') on the object surface (28) on a surface in an object surface (28) optically conjugate Bildflä (28 ') image pixel (15, 15') maps.

2. Spectacle lens according to clause 1, characterized in that the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) over a contiguous area B of the body surface (42) is continuous, for which as the supremum of the metric distance d (x , y) of two arbitrary, in the region of the body surface (42) arranged points x, y, defined diameter D with D = sup {d (x, y): x, ye B},

D> l mm, preferably D> io mm, particularly preferably D> 20 mm, the diffraction structure in the region B being a spherical light wave originating from a point (14, 14 ') on an object surface (28) a light wave which images the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) onto a pixel (15, 15') lying in an image surface (28 ') which is optically conjugate to the object surface (28).

Spectacle lens according to clause 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one diffraction structure (38) is a hologram of at least one of a first reference wave W and a second reference wave W12.

Spectacle lens according to clause 3, characterized in that the hologram of the diffraction structure (38) is a hologram of two pairs of reference waves (Wn, W ₁₂ ) or several pairs of reference waves Pi (Wii, W _i2 ), 1 = 1, 2, 3 ... is.

Spectacle lens according to clause 3 or clause 4, characterized in that the hologram is formed as an optical grating which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has. 6. spectacle lens according to clause 5, characterized in that for the grating vector amount \ k _G38 | of the optical grating is: 2.0 mhh <2TT / | / C _G38 | <2.8 mhh.

7. Spectacle lens according to clause 5 or 6, characterized in that the grating vector amount \ k _G38 | is globally constant.

8. Spectacle lens according to clause 5 or 6, characterized in that for the grating vector amount: where F ₃₈ (X, y) is a scalar function dependent on the location (54, 56) in the body surface (42, 44).

9. spectacle lens according to clause 8, characterized in that the grating vector k _G38 for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) a lattice vector amount \ k _G38 optimizing an aberration of the pixel (15, 15') \ Has.

10. Spectacle lens according to clause 9, characterized in that the imaging error corresponds to a aberration or multiple aberrations from the group of color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus. 11. Spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 5 to 10, characterized in that the grating vector k _G38 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) a diameter of the pixel (15, 15') optimizing grating vector amount \ k _G38 | has and / or characterized in that the grating vector k _G38 for at least one direction of view (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has a grating vector amount \ k _{G38 which} optimizes a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure (38) | Has.

12. spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 4 to 11, characterized in that the grating vector k _G38 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has an imaging error of the pixel (15, 15') optimizing direction.

13. spectacle lens according to clause 12, characterized in that the imaging error corresponds to a aberration or multiple aberrations from the group of color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus.

14. Spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 4 to 13, characterized in that the grating vector k _G38 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has a diameter of the pixel (15, 15') optimizing direction.

15. Spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 4 to 14, characterized in that the grating vector k _G38 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has a diffraction efficiency h of at least one diffractive structure (38) optimizing direction , 16. Spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 4 to 15, characterized by a light transparent or at least partially transparent body (36), wherein the diffraction structure (38) in the body (36) a body surface (42) extending from a different viewing directions (30) of an eye (32, 34) of an observation person (32) having an eye rotation point (50) and a pupil center (51) when observing the object surface (28) ), through the eye pivot (50) and the pupil center (51) and the

Point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) extending viewing direction beam (31, 31') can be penetrated.

17. Spectacle lens according to clause 16, characterized by a different optical effect for different viewing directions (30, 30 ').

18. Spectacle lens according to clause 16 or 17, characterized in that the first reference wave Wn is a of the eye pivot point (50) of the eye (34) of the observer (24) emitted spherical light wave.

19. spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 16 to 18, characterized in that at each of the viewing direction beam (31, 31 ') enforceable point on one of the observer (24) facing side of the diffraction structure (38) for the wavefront _vector k _wl the The first reference wave W and the wavefront _vector k _{wl2 of} the second reference wave W12 and the grating vector k _{G38 of} the hologram are: k-wu k _wl2 k _G 38 20. The spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 1 to 19, characterized by at least one further one Diffraction structure (40) which diffracts light diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure (38) into a first diffraction order 01 into a diffraction order O 2, for which the following applies: | Ol | = 1021 and sign (Ol) = - sign (02). Spectacle lens according to clause 20, characterized in that the at least one further diffraction structure (40) is extended on a further body surface (44) which may coincide with the first body surface (42) and through one of the location (54, 56) in the body surface (42, 44) dependent spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) is formed. Spectacle lens according to clause 21, characterized in that the at least one further diffraction structure (40) is a hologram of at least one further first reference wave W _2i and another second reference wave W ₂ 2, the further first reference _wave W _2i the by means of the at least one diffraction structure (38) diffracted first reference wave W or by means of the least one diffraction struc- ture (38) diffracted second reference wave Wi ₂ is. Spectacle lens according to clause 22, characterized in that the hologram is formed as a further optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has. 24. Spectacle lens according to clause 23, characterized in that for the grating vector amount \ k _G40 | of the additional optical grating is: 2.0 pm <2n / \ k _G40 1 <2.8 pm. 25. Spectacle lens according to clause 23 or 24, characterized in that the grating vector amount \ k _G40 | is globally constant.

26. Spectacle lens according to clause 23 or 24, characterized in that the following applies to the grating vector amount: where F ₄₀ (x, y) is a scalar function dependent on the location (54, 56) in the body surface (42, 44). 27. The spectacle lens according to clause 26, characterized in that the grating vector k _G40 for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has a grating vector amount \ k _{G40 which} optimizes an aberration of the pixel (15, 15') | Has. 28. Spectacle lens according to clause 27, characterized in that the imaging error corresponds to a aberration or multiple aberrations from the group of color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus. 29. Spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 23 to 28, characterized in that the grating vector k _G40 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has a diameter of the image point (15, 15') optimizing grating vector amount \ k _G40 | Has. 30. spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 23 to 29, characterized in that the grating vector k _G40 for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has a grating vector magnitude which optimizes a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure (38) Has.

31. Spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 23 to 30, characterized in that the grating vector k _G40 for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has an aberration of the pixel (15, 15') optimizing direction.

32. Spectacle lens according to clause 31, characterized in that the imaging error corresponds to a aberration or multiple aberrations from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus.

33. spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 23 to 32, characterized in that the grating vector k _G40 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has a diameter of the image point (15, 15') optimizing direction.

34. spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 23 to 33, characterized in that the grating vector k _G40 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has a diffraction efficiency h of at least one diffractive structure (38) optimizing direction.

35. spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 23 to 34, characterized in that at each of the viewing direction beam (31, 31 ') enforceable point on one of the observer (24) facing side of the further diffraction structure (40) for the wavefront vector of another first reference wave W _2i and the wavefront vector k _w 22 of the further second reference wave and the grating vector k _{G40 of} the hologram:

36. Spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 22 to 35, characterized in that the hologram of the at least one further diffraction structure (40) is a hologram of two pairs of reference waves (W _2i ,

W22) or several pairs of reference waves P, (Wii, W _i2 ), i = 1, 2, 3 ....

37. spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 1 to 19, characterized by a phase object (20, 22), the at least one diffraction structure

(38), wherein the phase object (20, 22) has the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) facing away from the observer (24) with respect to the surface normal (48) at an angle of incidence a to a surface normal (48). the spectacle lens front surface (46) directs incident light from a point (14, 14 ') on an object surface (28) into a direction dependent on the wavelength l of the light and on the angle of incidence a of the light.

38. Spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 20 to 36, characterized by a phase object (20, 22), which has the at least one diffraction structure

(38) and the at least one further diffraction structure (40), wherein the phase object (20, 22) on one of the observation person (24) facing away from the side of the lens (16, 18) with respect to the surface normal (48) below an angle of incidence a to a surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46) from a point (14, 14)

14 ') directs light incident on an object surface (28) into a direction dependent on the wavelength l of the light and on the angle of incidence a of the light. 39. Spectacle lens according to clause 1 or 2, characterized in that the

Body (36) comprises a phase object (20, 22) containing the at least one diffraction structure (38), wherein the phase object (20, 22) and the body (36) has the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) remote from the observer (24) with respect to the surface normal (48) at an angle of incidence ai to a surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46) of FIG light incident on a surface of an object (28) at a point (14, 14 ') in one of the wavelength l of

Light and direction dependent on the angle of incidence ai of the light, wherein the body (36) for the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) facing away from the observer (24) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46) from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) incident light refractive body with a refractive dispersion D _{ref l} is with wherein the body (36) for the on one of the observer (24) facing side of the lens (16, 18) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the exit angle exiting light from the point (14, 14 ') the object surface (28) is a refractive body with a refractive dispersion D _{ref 2} is with

D ref. asm

where n- _L (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wavelength l, of an optical medium for the light between the object surface (28) and the body (36), where h ₂ (l) is generally the wavelength l dependent the

Refractive index of the body (36) for the light, where h ₃ (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wave length l, of an optical medium for the light between the pupil (52) and the body (36), the diffraction structure (38) being for the one of the observation - Person (24) facing away from the lens (16, 18) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the eyeglass lens front surface (46) from the point (14, 14 ') on the Object surface (28) incident light one the refractive

Dispersion D _ref. == D _ref.i + D _{ref.2 of} the body (36) at least partially compensating diffractive dispersion D _{diff L} has with

JJ _ da ₄ _ m

d ^lff - ¹ 'dl A _per j ₃₈ cos a ₄ ' where a ₄ is ^incident on a surface ^normal (48) at one of the from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) to the spectacle lens front surface (46 ) at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the eyeglass lens front surface (46) incident light interspersed point of the body surface (42) on which the diffraction structure (38) extends, related deflection angle for that of the point (14, 14 ') the object surface (28) is incident on the spectacle lens front surface (46) at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46), the diffraction structure (38) being a hologram of at least one first reference wave Wn and one second reference wave W12, which is formed as an optical grating having a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount

and A _proj .38 is the grating period of the projection of the grating vector on the body surface (42) is with 40. spectacle lens according to clause 39, characterized in that the following applies: sign {D _{ref I} + D _{ref 2} ) = -sign (D _{diff I} )

41. Spectacle lens according to clause 39 or clause 40, characterized by at least one further diffraction structure (40) which diffracts light diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure (38) into a first diffraction order 01 into a diffraction order O 2, for which the following applies: 1011 = 1021 and sign (Ol) = - sign (02), wherein the at least one further diffraction structure (40) extends on another body surface (44) which may coincide with the first body surface (42) and which extends through one of the location (54, 56) in the body surface (42, 44) ), wherein the at least one further diffraction structure (40) is a hologram of at least one further first reference _wave W _2i and a further second reference wave W ₂ 2, wherein the further first reference wave W _{2i is} the first reference wave W diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure (38) or the second reference wave Wi ₂ diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure (38), the hologram of the further diffraction structure (40) being a further one optical grating is formed, which is a local Gitterperioden- vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has wherein the at least one further diffraction structure (40) for the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) facing away from the observer (24) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) Spectacle lens front surface (46) from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) incident and then refracted in the angle 02 with respect to the surface normal (48) light having a diffractive dispersion D _{diff 2} with where A _proj. 4o the grating period of the projection of the grating vector of the further optical grating on the further body surface (44) is with

2p

L per j.40

and wherein a _{3 is} incident on a surface normal (48) at one of the from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) to the spectacle lens front surface (46) at the angle of incidence a i to the surface normal (48). the light incident on the spectacle lens front surface (46) is penetrated by the further body surface (44) on which the further diffraction structure (40) extends, the deflection angle for that from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) Spectacle lens front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the glasses glass front surface (46) incident light is. Spectacle lens according to clause 41, characterized in that

43. Spectacle lens according to clause 42, characterized in that the following applies: with S = 0.72 cm / m, preferably S = 0.36 cm / m, more preferably S = 0.12 cm / m. 44. Spectacle lens according to clause 43, characterized in that the grating vector k _{G38 of} the diffraction structure (38) and the grating vector k _{G40 of} the further diffraction structure (40) for at least one viewing direction (30) of the observer (24) optimizes a cost function K G - tervector amounts \ k _G38 |, \ k _G40 | where the cost function K contains a cost function term K, with:

Kj KiQp-L + KjrG, PP27 + Ki irG.Pp2? + K ⁱ ii _S pPHn + K 'ii.FF at the viewing direction

(30) interspersed location (54) on the body surface (42) on which the diffraction structure (38) is extended, at which from the viewing direction

(30) interspersed location (56) on the further body surface (42) on which the further diffraction structure (40) is extended, with K _iSPH : = a ₃ (SPH _is - SPH _soü ) as a spherical aberration of the point ( ₄₂ ) 14) on the object surface (28), with K _{iAST \} = a ₄ (AST _is - AST _shall ) as an astigmatic aberration of the point (14) on the object _surface (28), _where K _iFF = a ₅ (FF _is - FF _S0Ü ) as a chromatic aberration of the Point (14) on the object surface (28), wherein the coefficients a _x with x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 can be freely chosen NEN. 45. Spectacle lens according to clause 43 characterized in that the grating vector k _G38 of the diffraction structure (38) and the grating vector k _{G 0} the Wei direct diffraction structure (40) for a plurality of viewing directions i of the viewing person (24) a cost function K optimizing Grid vector sums \ k _G38 1, | k _{G 0} \, where the cost function K a

Cost Function Term K contains:

he line of sight

i penetrated place (54) on the body surface (42) on which the diffraction structure (38) is extended, at which from the viewing direction

i interspersed location (56) on the further body surface (42) on which the further diffraction structure (40) is extended, with K _iSPH \ = a _i3 (SPH _is - SPH _soll ) as a spherical aberration of the point (14) on the object _surface (28), with K _iAST : = a _u (AST _is - AST _soü ) as an astigmatic map - Error of the point (14) on the object _surface (28), with K _iFF = a _i5 (FF _is - FF _S0Ü ) as a chromatic aberration of the point (14) on the object surface (28), wherein the coefficients a _ix with x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 can be freely selected.

46. Spectacle lens according to clause 45, characterized in that a geometry of the body (36), in particular a center thickness of the body (36) and / or a front radius of the body (36) and / or a back radius of the body (36 ), the cost function K has optimizing values.

47. Spectacle lens according to clause 46, characterized in that the geometry of the body has an aspheric shape or an open-surface shape of the spectacle lens front surface (46) and / or the spectacle lens rear surface describing coefficients.

48. Spectacle lens according to one of clauses 45 to 47, characterized by a positive refractive power, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K _edge with: K _edge ·. = a _x (RD _is - RD _should ) _,

wherein RD _is is an actual value for the center thickness of the spectacle lens, and wherein RD _is u a target value for the center thickness of the spectacle lens.

49. Spectacle lens according to one of the clauses 45 to 47, characterized by a negative refractive power, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K _edge with: K _edge -. = a _x {RD _is - RD _should ) _, where RD _is a Actual value for the edge thickness of the spectacle lens and wherein RD _{S0Ü is} a target value for the edge thickness of the spectacle lens. Method for determining the design of a spectacle lens (16, 18) with a body (36), in which a geometry and an object surface (28) and an optical transmission function are specified for the spectacle lens (16, 18), wherein the predetermined optical transfer function and the given geometry is a phase object (20, 22) is calculated, which the one on the observation person (24) facing away from the side of the lens (16, 18) at an angle of incidence a to a surface normal n Spectacle lens front surface (46) directs light into a direction dependent on the wavelength l of the light and the angle of incidence a of the light, the phase object (20, 22) including at least one diffraction structure (38, 40) formed in the body (36). is extended on a body surface (42, 44) which, when observing an object surface (28) from an A direction of view (30) of an eye rotation point (50) and a pupil center (51) The viewing direction beam (31, 31) corresponding to the observation person (24), which extends through the eye rotation point (50) and the pupil center (51) and the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) '), which is formed by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) dependent on the location (x, y) in the body surface (42, 44) interspersed with the viewing direction (30), characterized in that the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body (36) is continuous and the diffractive structure is a spherical light wave originating from a point (14, 14 ') on an object surface (28) Light wave which images the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) onto a pixel (15, 15') lying in an image surface (28 ') optically conjugate to the object surface (28), the diffraction structure ( 38, 40) transmits a spherical light wave, which originates from a point on the object surface (28), which is penetrated by the viewing direction, into a light wave which runs along the viewing direction (30, 30 ') and forms the point on the object surface (28) on a nen in a to the object surface (28) optically conjugate image surface (28 ') lying image point in the eye (32, 34) of the observation person (24). Method according to clause 50, characterized in that the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) forming the at least one diffraction structure (38, 40) in the region of the body (36) that can be penetrated from one viewing direction over a coherent region B of the body surface (42) is continuous, for its diameter D defined as the supremum of the metric distance d (x, y) of any two points x, y arranged in the region of the body surface (42)

D = sup {d (x, y): x, y e B},

D> l mm, preferably D> io mm, more preferably D> 20 mm. A method according to clause 50 or 51, characterized in that the at least one diffraction structure (38) is a hologram of at least a first reference wave W and a second reference wave W12, the hologram being formed as an optical grating comprising a local grating vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount Has. Method according to clause 52, characterized in that for the grating vector amount \ k _G38 \ of the optical grating the following applies: 2.0 pm <2p / \ k ^ \ <2.8 pm. Method according to one of the chapters 50 to 52, characterized in that the grating vector amount \ k _G38 \ globally is constant. Method according to one of the clauses 50 to 52, characterized in that the following applies to the grid vector amount:

| ^ G ₃₈ | F38 C ^x _> y) _> where F ₃₈ (X, y) is a scalar function dependent on the location (54, 56) in the body surface (42, 44).

56. The method according to clause 55, characterized in that the grid vector amount \ k _G38 | of the grating vector k _G38 for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) is optimized in order to optimize an aberration of the pixel in the eye (32, 34) of the observer (24).

57. The method according to clause 56, characterized in that the Abbil tion error corresponds to a aberration or multiple aberrations from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma.

58. The method according to clause 56 or 57, characterized in that the grating vector amount \ k _G38 | lattice vector k _{G38 is} optimized for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) in order to minimize a diameter of the pixel in the eye (32, 34) of the observer (24) and / or characterized that the grid vector amount \ k _G38 | of the grating vector k _G38 for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) is optimized in order to maximize a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure.

59. Method according to one of the clauses 50 to 58, characterized in that the direction of the grating vector k _G38 for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) is optimized in order to detect an aberration of the pixel in the eye ( 32, 34) of the observer (24).

60. The method according to Clause 59, characterized in that the Abbil tion error corresponds to a aberration or multiple aberrations from the group color aberration, astigmatism, coma. Method according to one of the clauses 50 to 60, characterized in that the grating vector k _{G38 is} optimized for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) in order to obtain a diameter of the pixel in the eye (32, 34). to the observer (24). Method according to one of the clauses 50 to 61, characterized in that the grating vector k _{G38 is} optimized for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) in order to maximize a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure. Method according to clause 50, characterized in that the body (36) comprises a phase object (20, 22) containing the at least one diffraction structure (38), the phase object (20, 22) and the

Body (36) on a side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) facing away from the observer (16, 18) with respect to the surface normal (48) at an incident angle ai to a surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46) from a point (14, 14). 14 ') deflects light incident on an object surface (28) into a direction dependent on the wavelength l of the light and on the angle of incidence ai of the light, the body (36) for the side of the person facing away from the observer (24) Spectacle lens (16, 18) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the incident angle ai to the surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46) from the point (14, 14 ') incident on the object surface (28) light a refractive body with a refractive dispersion D _{ref l} is with wherein the body (36) for the on one of the observer (24) facing side of the lens (16, 18) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the exit angle exiting light from the point (14, 14 ') the object surface (28) is a refractive body with a refractive dispersion D _{ref 2} is with

D ref. asm

where n- _L (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wavelength l, of an optical medium for the light between the object surface (28) and the body (36), where h ₂ (l) is generally the wavelength l dependent on the refractive index of the body (36) for the light, where h ₃ (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wave length l, of an optical medium for the light between the pupil (52) and the body (36) wherein the diffraction structure (38) for the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) facing away from the observer (24) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (48). 46) from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) incident light a refractive dispersion D _ref . == D _ref .i + D _{ref.2 of} the body (36) at least partially compensating diffractive dispersion D _{diff L} has with wherein a _{4 is} incident on a surface normal (48) at one of which from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) to the spectacle lens front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46) incident light interspersed point of the body surface (42) on which the diffraction structure (38) extends, related deflection angle for that of the point (14, 14 '). ) on the object surface (28) incident on the spectacle lens front surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46), the diffraction structure (38) being a hologram of at least one first reference wave W and one second reference wave W12, which is formed as an optical grating having a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount and A _proj .38 is the grating period of the projection of the grating vector on the body surface (42) is with Method according to clause 63, characterized in that the following applies: sign {D _{ref 1} + D _{ref 2} ) = -sign (D _{diff l} ) Method according to clause 63 or clause 64, characterized by at least one further diffraction structure (40) which is defined by the At least one diffraction structure (38) diffracts light diffracted into a first diffraction order 01 into a diffraction order O 2, for which the following applies: 1011 = 1021 and sign (Ol) = - sign (02), the at least one further diffraction structure (40) a further body surface (44) which extends with the first body surface

(42) and which is formed by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) which depends on the location (54, 56) in the body surface (42, 44), wherein the at least one further diffraction structure (40) a hologram of at least one further first reference wave W _2i and a further second reference wave W ₂ 2, the further first reference wave W _2i the first reference wave W diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure (38) or the diffraction structure by means of the at least one (38) diffracted second reference wave Wi ₂ , wherein the hologram of the further diffraction structure (40) is formed as a further optical grating which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount wherein the at least one further diffraction structure (40) for the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) remote from the observer (24) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the incidence angle ai to the surface normal (48) the spectacle lens front surface (46) from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) incident and then refracted in the angle 02 with respect to the surface normal (48) light having a diffractive dispersion D _{diff 2} with

D - ^there 3 m

U diff. 2 - d - Apr _O j.40 cos 0C3 where A _proj. 4o the grating period of the projection of the grating vector of the further optical grating on the further body surface (44) is with 2p

L per j.40

and wherein a _{3 is} incident on a surface normal (48) at one of which from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) to the eyeglass lens surface at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the eyeglass lens front surface (46) Interspersed light

Location of the further body surface (44) on which the further diffraction structure (40) extends, related deflection angle for the from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) on the eyeglass lens front surface (46) at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the eyeglass lens front surface (46) is incident light.

66. Procedure according to clause 65, characterized in that: 67. The method according to clause 66, characterized in that the following applies: with S = 0.72 cm / m, preferably S = 0.36 cm / m, more preferably S = 0.12 cm / m.

68. The method of clause 67, characterized in that the grating vector k _G38 of the diffraction structure (38) and the grating vector k _{G 0} the Wei direct diffraction structure (40) for at least one viewing direction (30) of the viewing person (24) lattice vector sums \ k _G38 |, \ k _G40 \ which are determined by optimizing a cost function K, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term Ki with: Kj KiQp-L + KjrG, PP27 + Ki irG.Pp 2? + Ki iSs PPHH + K 'ii.FF at the viewpoint

(30) interspersed location (56) on the further body surface (42) on which the further diffraction structure (40) extends, with K _iSPH : = a ₃ (SPH _is - SPH _soll ) as a spherical aberration of the point (42) 14) (on the object surface _28), with K _{IAST \} = a ₄ (AST -) _is AST _to as an astigmatic imaging errors of the point (14) on the object surface (28), with K _{i FF} = a ₅ (FF - FF _S0Ü ) as a chromatic aberration of the point (14) on the object surface (28), wherein the coefficients a _x with x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 can be freely chosen NEN. Method according to clause 67, characterized in that the grating vector k _{G38 of} the diffraction structure (38) and the grating vector k _{G40 of} the further diffraction structure (40) for a plurality of viewing directions i of the observer (24) Grid vector amounts \ k _G38 |, \ k _G40 \ which are determined by optimizing a cost function K, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K with: With

Kj KiQp-L + KjrG, PP27 + Ki irG.Pp 2? + Ki iSs PPHH + K 'ii.FF at the viewpoint

i interspersed location (56) on the further body surface (42) on which the further diffraction structure (40) is extended, with K _iSFH : = a _i3 (SPH _is - SPH _soll ) as a spherical aberration of the point (14) on the object _surface (28) with K _iAST : a _i4 (AST _is - AST _shall ) as an astigmatic imaging error of the point (14) on the object _surface (28), _where K _iFF = a _i5 (FF _is - FF _soll ) as a chromatic aberration of the point (14) on the object surface (28), wherein the coefficients a _ix with x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Kings freely chosen NEN. Method according to clause 69, characterized in that a geometry of the body (36), in particular a center thickness of the body

(36) and / or a front radius of the body (36) and / or a back radius of the body (36), the cost function K has optimizing values. A method according to clause 70, characterized in that the geometry of the body has an aspheric shape or an open-plan shape of the spectacle lens front surface (46) and / or coefficients describing the spectacle lens back surface. Method according to one of the clauses 69 to 71, characterized by a positive refractive power, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K _edge with: K _edge ·. = a _x (RD _is - RD _should ),

wherein RD _is is an actual value for the center thickness of the spectacle lens, and wherein RD _is u a target value for the center thickness of the spectacle lens. Method according to one of the clauses 69 to 71, characterized by a negative refractive power, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term K _edge with: K _edge . = a _x {RD _is - RD _soll ) _, where RD _is an actual value for the edge thickness of the spectacle lens and where RD _{S0Ü is} a target value for the edge thickness of the spectacle lens. Method according to one of the clauses 68 to 73, characterized in that the grating vector k _{G38 of} the diffraction structure (38) and the grating vector k _{G40 of} the further diffraction structure (40) and the geometry of the body (36) for at least one viewing direction (30) Observer (24) is optimized to optimize at least one aberration of the viewpoint described in the cost function K in the eye (32, 34) of the observer. A method for fierstellen a spectacle lens, in particular a Bril lenglases, which is formed according to one of the clauses 1 to 49, characterized in that a phase object (20) is generated, the at least one Flologramm a generated by means of a light modulator first reference wave W and a by means of a light modulator, the second reference wave W12 contains or contains a computer-generated hologram. Method according to clause 75, characterized in that the phase object is produced by means of exposure of a film which is cemented to a glass body or a glass substrate.

LIST OF REFERENCES

10 glasses

12 glasses frame

14, 14 'point on the object surface 28

15, 15 'pixel

16 left lens

18 right lens

18 more spectacle lenses

20 phase object

22 phase object

24 observer

28 object surface

28 'conjugated image surface

30, 30 'viewing direction

31, 31 'line of sight

32 left eye

34 right eye

36 body of the spectacle lens

38 first diffraction structure

40 more diffraction structure

42 first body area

44 more body area

46 spectacle lens front surface

47 modulation

48, 57, 58, 59 Surface normal

49 amplitude

50 eye pivot

51, 51 'pupil center

52 pupil

54, 54 ', 56, 56' point / place a, ai angle of incidence

corner

a ₃ deflection angle

a ₆ exit angle

l wavelength

^ G lattice constant

h diffraction efficiency

L _c> Ay A _Z , A _G lattice constants

Dq angle to a line of sight beam n (x, y) refractive index

B related area

d thickness

i direction of view

K cost function

h refractive index

01 first diffraction order

02 more diffraction order

Wn first reference wave

W ₁₂ second reference wave

W _2i further first reference wave

W 22 more second reference wave

Ddiff.1. Diff. 2 diffractive dispersion

D _re i, D _{re †} 2 refractive dispersion

proj.40 Grid period of the projection of the grid vector

Claims

claims

A spectacle lens (16, 18) comprising a body (36) including at least one diffractive structure (38) extending on a body surface (42) and passing through one of the location (54, 56) in the body surface (42). 42) dependent spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) is formed, characterized in that the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body (36) is continuous and the diffractive structure is a spherical light wave originating from a point (14, 14 ') on an object surface (28) Transmitted light wave, the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) on a surface in an object surface (28) optically conjugate Bildflä (28') lying pixel (15, 15 ') is formed, wherein the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) is continuous over a contiguous region B of the body surface (42), for which as the super- mum of the metric distance d (x, y) of any two, in the region of the body surface ( 42) arranged points x, y, defined diameter D with

D: = sup {d (x, y): x, y e B):

D> 1mm,

or

D> 10mm

or

D> 20mm and wherein the diffraction structure in the area B is a spherical

Light wave, which originates from a point (14, 14 ') on an object surface (28), is converted into a light wave which connects the point (14, 14') on the object surface (28) to one in the object surface (28). 28) of the optically conjugated image surface (28 ') image pixel (15, 15') images.

3. spectacle lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one diffraction structure (38) a hologram at least a first reference wave W and a second reference wave Wi ₂ .

4. spectacle lens according to claim 3, characterized in that the Hogramm of the diffraction structure (38) a hologram of two pairs of

Reference waves (Wn, W ₁₂ ) or multiple pairs of reference waves Pi (Wii, W _i2 ), 1 = 1, 2, 3 ....

5. spectacle lens according to claim 3 or claim 4, marked thereby, that the hologram is formed as an optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount where, for the grating vector magnitude | k _G38 | of the optical grating is: 2.0 mhh <2tt / | ϊ ^ | <2.8 pm.

A spectacle lens according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the grating vector magnitude | k _G38 | is globally constant.

A spectacle lens according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that for the grating vector amount: | ^ G38 | 38 (x, y), where F ₃₈ (X, y) is a scalar function dependent on the location (54, 56) in the body surface (42, 44).

8. spectacle lens according to claim 7, characterized in that the grating vector k _G38 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) a lattice vector amount | k _G38 optimizing an aberration of the pixel (15, 15') | wherein the aberration corresponds to an aberration or multiple aberrations from the group of color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus.

9. spectacle lens according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the grating vector k _G38 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has a diameter of the image point (15, 15') optimizing grating vector amount | k _G38 | has and / or characterized in that the grating vector k _G38 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) optimizes a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure (38) grating vector magnitude | k _G38 | Has.

10. Spectacle lens according to one of claims 4 to 9, characterized by a body transparent to the light or at least partially transparent (36), wherein the diffraction structure (38) in the body (36) on a body surface (42) extends, the eyes (32, 34) corresponding to an observer (24) observing the object surface (28) from a different viewing directions (30) of an eye rotation point (50) and a pupil center (51) are guided through the eye rotation point (50 ) and the pupil center (51) and the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) extending viewing direction beam (31, 31') can be penetrated.

11. Spectacle lens according to claim 10, characterized by a for different viewing directions (30, 30 ') different optical effect.

12. spectacle lens according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the first reference wave Wn one of the eye pivot point (50) of the

Eye (34) of the observer (24) emitted spherical light wave is.

13. A spectacle lens according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that at each of the viewing direction beam (31, 31 ') enforceable on one of the observation person (24) side facing the diffraction structure (38) for the wavefront vector k _wll 'of the first reference wave W and the wavefront _vector k _{wl2 of} the second reference wave W12 and the grating vector k _{G38 of} the hologram are:

14. Spectacle lens according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by at least one further diffraction structure (40) which diffracts light diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure (38) into a first diffraction order 01 into a diffraction order O 2, for which: | Ol | = 1021 and sign (Ol) = -sign (02).

15. A spectacle lens according to claim 14, characterized in that the at least one further diffraction structure (40) on a further body surface (44) is extended, which may coincide with the first body surface (42) and by one of the spatial (54, 56) in the body surface (42, 44) dependent spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) is formed.

16. Spectacle lens according to claim 15, characterized in that the at least one further diffraction structure (40) is a hologram of at least one further first reference wave W _2i and another second reference wave W ₂ 2, the further first reference wave W _2i, the first diffracted by means of the least one diffraction structure (38)

Reference wave W or the second reference wave Wi ₂ diffracted by means of the at least one diffraction structure (38).

17. A spectacle lens according to claim 16, characterized in that the hologram is formed as a further optical grating, which is a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount for the grid vector magnitude | k _G40 | of the further optical grating applies: 2.0 pm <2p / | k _G38 1 <2.8 pm.

18. Spectacle lens according to claim 17, characterized in that the grid vector vector | k _G40 | is globally constant.

Spectacle lens according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that for the grating vector amount: | ^ G4o | F40 (*, y), where F ₄₀ (x, y) is a scalar function dependent on the location (54, 56) in the body surface (42, 44).

20. A spectacle lens according to claim 19, characterized in that the grating vector k _G40 for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has an image aberration of the pixel (15, 15') optimizing grating vector magnitude | k _G40 | wherein the aberration corresponds to an aberration or multiple aberrations from the group of color aberration, astigmatism, coma and defocus.

21. Spectacle lens according to one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the grating vector k _G40 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has a diameter of the pixel (15, 15') optimizing grating vector magnitude | k _G40 | and / or that the grating vector k _G40 for at least one line of sight (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has a grating vector amount | k _G40 | that optimizes a diffraction efficiency h of the at least one diffraction structure (38) has and / or that the grating vector k _G40 for at least one viewing direction (30, 30 ') of the observer (24) has an imaging error of the pixel (15, 15') optimizing direction.

22. A spectacle lens according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the body (36) comprises a phase object (20, 22) containing the at least one diffraction structure (38), wherein the phase object (20, 22) and the body (36 ) the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) facing away from the observer (24) with respect to the surface normal (48) at an angle of incidence ai to a surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46) from one point (14, 14 ') incident on an object surface (28) light in one of the wavelength l direction of the light and the angle of incidence ai of the light, the body (36) for the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) facing away from the observer (24) being below the surface normal (48) the incident angle CM to the surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46) from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) incident light refractive body with a refractive dispersion D _{ref l} is with wherein the body (36) for the on one of the observer (24) facing side of the lens (16, 18) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the exit angle Oe exiting light from the point (14, 14 ') the object surface (28) is a refractive body with a refractive dispersion D _{ref 2} is with where n- _L (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wavelength l, of an optical medium for the light between the object surface (28) and the body (36), where h ₂ (l) is generally the wavelength l dependent on the refractive index of the body (36) for the light, where h ₃ (l) is the refractive index, generally dependent on the wave length l, of an optical medium for the light between the pupil (52) and the body (36) . wherein the diffraction structure (38) for the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) facing away from the observer (24) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46 ) light incident from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) is the refractive one

Dispersion D _ref. == D _ref.i + D _{ref.2 of} the body (36) at least partially compensating diffractive dispersion D _{diff L} has with wherein a _{4 points} to a surface normal (48) at one of the from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) on the eyeglass lens front surface (46) at the angle of incidence ai to the surface normal (48) of the lens face ( 46) incident light passing through the body surface (42) at which the diffraction structure (38) extends, a deflected angle for that from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) to the spectacle lens front surface (46) the incident angle ai to the surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46) is incident light, wherein the diffraction structure (38) is a hologram of at least a first reference wave Wn and a second reference wave W12, which is formed as an optical grating a local grid period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount

and A _proj .38 is the grating period of the projection of the grating vector on the body surface (42) is with

23. The spectacle lens according to claim 22, characterized in that the following applies: sign (D _{ref 1} + D _{ref 2} ) = -sign (D _{diff 1} ). 24. Spectacle lens according to claim 22 or claim 23, characterized by at least one further diffraction structure (40). which deflects light diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure (38) into a first diffraction order 01 into a diffraction order O 2, for which the following applies:

1011 = 1021 and sign (Ol) = -sign (02), wherein the at least one further diffraction structure (40) is extended on a further body surface (44) which can coincide with the first body surface (42) and which is formed by the location (54, 56) in the body surface (42, 44) dependent spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y), wherein the at least one further diffraction structure (40) is a hologram of at least one further first reference wave W21 and a further second reference wave W22, wherein the further first reference wave W21 diffracts the first reference wave W diffracted by the at least one diffraction structure (38) second reference wave Wi ₂ diffracted by means of the at least one diffraction structure (38), wherein the hologram of the further diffraction structure (40) is designed as a further optical grating which forms a local grating period vector and a local grid vector with a grid vector amount wherein the at least one further diffractive structure (40) is for the one on the observer

(24) opposite side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) with respect to the surface normal (48) at the incidence angle ai to the surface normal (48) of the spectacle lens front surface (46) from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) incident and then in the angle a ₂ with respect to the surface normal (48) broken light a diffractive dispersion D _{diff 2} error! One digit was expected

D - ^there 3 m

U diff. - - d Apr _O j cos C where A _proj. 4o the grating period of the projection of the grating vector of the further optical grating on the further body surface (44) is with

2p

L per j.40

and wherein a _{3 is} incident on a surface normal (48) at one of the from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) to the spectacle lens front surface (46) at the angle of incidence CM TO the surface normal (48). the light incident on the spectacle lens front surface (46) is penetrated by the further body surface (44) on which the further diffraction structure (40) extends, the deflection angle for that from the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) Eyeglass lens front surface at the angle of incidence C to the surface normal (48) of the glasses glass front surface (46) incident light is.

25. Spectacle lens according to claim 24, characterized in that the following applies:

26. Spectacle lens according to claim 25, characterized in that the following applies: with S = 0.72 cm / m, preferably S = 0.36 cm / m, more preferably S = 0.12 cm / m.

27. A spectacle lens according to claim 26, characterized in that the grating vector k _{G38 of} the diffraction structure (38) and the grating vector k _{G40 of} the further diffraction structure (40) for at least one viewing direction (30) of the observer (24) a cost function K optimizing Git - tervector amounts | k _G38 |, | k _G40 | have, wherein the cost function K contains a cost function term with:

Ki KiGPl + KiGP2 + KiGP2 + K iSPH + K iFF with K _iGP1 : = at the viewing direction (30)

interspersed location (54) on the body surface (42) on which the diffraction structure (38) extends,

at the viewing direction (30)

interspersed location (56) on the further body surface (42) on which the further diffraction structure (40) extends, with K _iSPH : = a ₃ (SPH _is -SPH _soll ) as a spherical aberration of the point (14) on the _{Object surface} (28), with K _iAST : = a ₄ (AST _is -AST _soll ), as an astigmatic aberration of the point (14) on the object surface (28), with K _iFF = a ₅ (FF _is -FF _soll ) as a chromatic aberration of the point (14) on the object surface (28), wherein the coefficients a _x with x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 can be chosen freely - NEN.

28. Spectacle lens according to claim 26, characterized in that the grating vector k _{G38 of} the diffraction structure (38) and the grating vector k _{G40 of} the further diffraction structure (40) for a multiplicity of viewing directions i of the observer (24) optimizes a cost function K grid vector sums k _G38 |, | k _G40 | have, wherein the cost function K includes a cost function term K with:

Viewing direction i

interspersed location (54) on the body surface (42), on which the diffraction structure (38) extends, at which from the viewing direction i

interspersed location (56) on the further body surface (42) on which the further diffraction structure (40) extends, with K _iSPH : = a _i3 (SPH _is -SPH _soll ) as a spherical aberration of the point (14) the object surface (28), with K _iAST : = a _i4 (AST _is -AST _soll ) as an astigmatic aberration of the point (14) on the object _surface (28), with K _iFF = a _i5 (FF _is -FF _soll ) as a chromatic aberration of the Point (14) on the object surface (28), wherein the coefficients a _ix with x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 can be chosen freely NEN.

29. A spectacle lens according to claim 28, characterized in that a geometry of the body (36), in particular a center thickness of the body (36) and / or a front radius of the body (36) and / or a rear radius of the body (36), the cost function K has optimizing values.

30. Spectacle lens according to claim 29, characterized in that the geometry of the body has an aspherical shape or an open-surface shape of the spectacle lens front surface (46) and / or the spectacle lens rear surface describing coefficients.

31. A method for determining the design of a spectacle lens (16, 18) having a body (36), in which a geometry and an object surface (28) and an optical transmission function are specified for the spectacle lens (16, 18) for the given optical transfer function and the predefined geometry, a phase object (20, 22) is calculated, which is the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) facing away from the observer (24) at an angle of incidence a to a surface normal n the spectacle lens front surface (46) incident light in a direction dependent on the wavelength l of the light and the angle of incidence a of the light, the phase object (20, 22) containing at least one diffraction structure (38, 40) in the body (36) on a body surface (42, 44) when observing an object surface (28) from an eye (32) of an observation eye (30) of an eye pivot (50) and a pupil center (51) corresponding to the observer (24) through the eye rotation point (30). 50) and the pupil center (51) as well as the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) extending view direction beam (31, 31') can be penetrated by a from the direction of view (30) interspersed location (x, y) in the body surface (42, 44) dependent spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) is formed, characterized in that the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body (36) is continuous and the diffraction structure is a spherical light wave , which originates from a point (14, 14 ') on an object surface (28), is converted into a light wave which optically focuses the point (14, 14') on the object surface (28) in one towards the object surface (28) conjugate Bildflä surface (28 ') lying pixel (15, 15') images. wherein the diffraction structure (38, 40) converts a spherical light wave originating from a point on the object surface (28) penetrated by the viewing direction into a light wave running along the viewing direction (30, 30 ') representing the point on the object surface (28) on an image surface optically conjugate to the object surface (28) (28 ') lying in the eye (32, 34) of the observation person (24).

32. Method for determining the design of a spectacle lens (16, 18) with a body (36), in which a geometry and an object surface (28) and an optical transmission function are specified for the spectacle lens (16, 18) for the given optical transfer function and the predefined geometry, a phase object (20, 22) is calculated, which is the side of the spectacle lens (16, 18) facing away from the observer (24) at an angle of incidence a to a surface normal n of the spectacle lens front surface (46) deflects light in a direction dependent on the wavelength l of the light and the angle of incidence a of the light, the phase object (20, 22) at least one diffraction structure (38, 40) in the body ( 36) is extended on a body surface (42, 44) comprising observing an object surface (28) from a viewing direction (30) of an eye pivot (50) and a pupil center (51) in the eye (32, 34) of the observer (24) corresponding to the eye rotation point (50) and the pupil center (51) and the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) extending direction of view beam (31, 31 ') can be penetrated, which is formed by a spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) dependent on the location (x, y) in the body surface (42, 44) interspersed with the viewing direction (30). characterized in that the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) in the body (36) is continuous and the diffraction structure is a spherical light wave originating from a point (14, 14 ') on an object surface (28)

Light wave which images the point (14, 14 ') on the object surface (28) onto a pixel (15, 15') lying in an image surface (28 ') optically conjugate to the object surface (28), the diffraction structure ( 38, 40) transmits a spherical light wave, which originates from a point on the object surface (28), which is penetrated by the viewing direction, into a light wave which runs along the viewing direction (30, 30 ') and forms the point on the object surface (28) on a in a to the object surface (28) optically conjugate image surface (28 ') lying image point in the eye (32, 34) of the observation person (24) images, wherein the spatial modulation of the refractive index n (x, y) is continuous over a contiguous region B of the body surface (42) for which as the supremum of the metric distance d (x, y) of any two points x arranged in the region of the body surface (42), y, defined diameter D with

D: = sup {d (x, y): x, y e B),

D> 1mm,

or

D> 10mm

or

D> 20mm and wherein the diffraction structure in the region B converts a spherical light wave, which originates from a point (14, 14 ') on an object surface (28), into a light wave, which covers the point (14, 14') on the surface of the object ( 28) is imaged onto a pixel (15, 15 ') lying in an image surface (28') optically conjugated to the object surface (28).

33. A method for producing a spectacle lens, in particular a Bril lenglases, which is formed according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that a phase object (20) is generated, the at least one hologram generated by means of a light modulator first reference wave W and a second reference wave generated by means of a light modulator W12 or contains a computer-generated hologram.

34. The method according to claim 33, characterized in that the

Phase object is produced by exposing a film which is cemented with a glass body or a glass substrate.