EP3755512A1 - Zu belüftende extrusionsvorrichtung zur herstellung eines mit einem boden verschlossenen keramikrohres - Google Patents
Zu belüftende extrusionsvorrichtung zur herstellung eines mit einem boden verschlossenen keramikrohresInfo
- Publication number
- EP3755512A1 EP3755512A1 EP19710595.0A EP19710595A EP3755512A1 EP 3755512 A1 EP3755512 A1 EP 3755512A1 EP 19710595 A EP19710595 A EP 19710595A EP 3755512 A1 EP3755512 A1 EP 3755512A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- closure piece
- mouthpiece
- piston
- gap
- central bore
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
- B28B3/26—Extrusion dies
- B28B3/2627—Extrusion dies using means for making hollow objects with transverse walls, e.g. hollow objects closed on all sides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0002—Auxiliary parts or elements of the mould
- B28B7/0008—Venting channels, e.g. to avoid vacuum during demoulding or allowing air to escape during feeding, pressing or moulding
Definitions
- the invention relates to an extrusion device for extruding hollow ceramic bodies closed on one side, as is known generically from DE 10 2016 104 387 A1.
- a device for producing a hollow body closed on one side by extrusion was already known in 1930.
- This device comprises a mouthpiece, a mandrel arranged coaxially therein, and a closure piece which can be temporarily attached to the mouthpiece.
- the mandrel and the closure piece are formed depending on the desired shape of the bottom of the hollow body to be extruded, wherein a remaining between the mandrel and the closure piece cavity determines the bottom thickness.
- a pressed into the extrusion die plastic mass first fills this cavity, whereby the bottom is formed. It is already known at this time to vent the cavity through openings communicating with the outside air either in the mouthpiece or in the closure piece or both, so that the air displaced by the plastic mass can escape.
- the ventilation opening is provided with a check valve, which automatically opens with appropriate suppression and remains closed during injection of the plastic mass in the extrusion die.
- About the properties of the plastic mass is revealed that they are coal masses.
- About wall thickness and stability of the hollow body produced no information is given.
- the negative pressure required to open the check valve can already cause a deformation of the hollow profile.
- the still moist ceramic material adheres to the closure piece by adhesion and is damaged when the closure piece is removed.
- EP 1 075 916 A2 describes a molding tool and a method for producing a bottom on a ceramic tube by extrusion.
- the bottom is formed in a cavity between the spike of the mouthpiece and a closure piece temporarily closing the mouthpiece.
- a coaxial with the mouthpiece arranged vent opening is provided for venting the cavity during the extrusion of the bottom.
- a movable piston in the cavity Through the vent opening escaping ceramic mass can be pressed back by means of a movable piston in the cavity. This achieves a uniform density of the ceramic mass in the soil. There are no measures taken to facilitate the release of the bottom of the closure piece.
- the utility model DE 66 10 142 U discloses a valve for the pneumatic ejection of ceramic material consisting of workpieces from a mold by means of compressed air. For detailed training of the workpieces nothing is executed here.
- the valve is detachably screwed from the outside into the wall of the mold, wherein the Screwing depth is adjustable, so that the ventilation opening (here air outlet opening) of the valve closing or releasing piston (here poppet) is mounted flush with the inner surface of the mold.
- the disadvantage is that the piston opens in the direction of the workpiece located in the mold, so that there is the possibility that leaves the piston when opening undesirable deformations in the ceramic mass.
- DE 689 03 344 T2 discloses a method for extruding a closed body (sleeve) made of ceramic, in which the adhesion of the soil to an extrusion device is to be prevented.
- the extrusion device has a mouthpiece and a mandrel (core member) disposed coaxially therewith. To form the bottom of the mouthpiece is temporarily closed with a closure piece (pressure plate).
- a piston In the mandrel, a piston is guided, determines the free end of the piston together with the closure piece, the shape of the bottom.
- the piston is movably mounted in a vent (passage opening) in the mandrel, wherein the ventilation opening is guided by means of a channel (air passage opening) through the interior of the piston.
- the free piston end and the closure piece are made of a porous material, so that suction and introduction of air, in particular via the closure piece, can be distributed over a surface.
- the use of the porous surfaces as a contact surface for the floor also has disadvantages.
- ceramic material can penetrate into the pores, assisted by the suction through the porous surface of the closure piece.
- plastic molding of the porous surface of the soil form a surface roughness whose individual surveys are unfavorably large in relation to the wall thickness and which, depending on how deep the ceramic material penetrates into the pores, can lead to an adhesion of the ceramic mass.
- the adhesion can be solved again with an overpressure applied by the porous surface structure.
- the applied overpressure can already lead to damage of the still plastically moldable soil.
- the porous surface at the high pressures in the extrusion die can easily clog with ceramic mass, so that sufficient or only a non-uniform ventilation or aeration is achieved when the pressure in the pores is insufficient as a self-cleaning effect.
- a vent opening is provided here for venting the cavity formed by the gap between the mandrel and the closure piece during the extrusion of the bottom.
- the vent opening here does not open into the gap limiting surface of the closure piece but in a coaxial to the mouthpiece in the closure piece extending central bore and represents a pointing at an acute angle to the central bore and away from the mouthpiece channel bore.
- an axially movable piston slidably disposed between two end positions.
- the piston is in a lower end position. In this lower end position he releases the vent opening towards the gap.
- the ceramic material first escapes the air in the gap over the central bore and the channel bore until excess ceramic mass fills the central bore up to the piston and exits through the channel bore into the environment.
- the piston By subsequently displacing the piston into an upper end position, the ceramic mass located in the central bore is pressed back into the gap and the vent opening is closed by the piston.
- the ceramic mass in the gap is compressed and a uniform density of the ceramic mass in the bottom is achieved, the ceramic mass being pressed at high pressure against the mandrel and the closure piece.
- the closure piece Due to the high operating pressures in the rigid plastic extrusion, the closure piece must be manufactured with a corresponding strength. Normally, massively designed metal molds (steel and steel alloy) can meet this requirement. The metals conduct the heat well, but have a correspondingly high heat capacity. As a result, the heat conduction and the amount of cooling and heating power applied then limit the time until which the closure piece can be heated or cooled to the desired temperature in the contact area with the rigid plastic mass, thus limiting the cycle time for removal from the mold.
- massively designed metal molds steel and steel alloy
- FIG. 1 a shows the basic construction of an extrusion apparatus, as can be derived by expert knowledge from the prior art, with ventilation openings opening directly into a gap, shown in a longitudinal section,
- Fig. 1 b is a perspective view of a closure piece of a
- 2a shows the basic structure of a first embodiment of a
- Extrusion device with a within a piston stroke opening into a central bore ventilation opening and a piston in an intermediate position, shown in a longitudinal section,
- FIG. 2b shows the basic structure of the first embodiment of FIG. 2a with the piston in an upper end position, shown in a longitudinal section
- FIG. 2c shows the basic structure of the first embodiment according to FIG. 2a with the piston in a lower end position, shown in a longitudinal section, FIG.
- 3a shows the basic structure of a second embodiment of a
- Extrusion device with a widened central bore and the piston in an intermediate layer, shown in a longitudinal section,
- FIG. 3b shows the basic structure of the second embodiment of FIG. 3a with the piston in an upper end position, shown in a longitudinal section,
- Fig. 3c shows the basic structure of the second embodiment of FIG. 3a with the piston in a lower end position, shown in a longitudinal section, and
- Fig. 4 shows the basic structure of a third embodiment of a
- An inventive extrusion device for producing a closed with a bottom B ceramic tube basically has a mouthpiece 1, a mandrel 2 disposed therein coaxially and a coaxially arranged, the mouthpiece 1 occlusive, temporarily removable closure piece 3 with a central axis 3.1.
- the inner surfaces of the mouthpiece 1 and the closure piece 3 and an outer surface of the mandrel 2 define a gap 4. Between the mandrel 2 and the mouthpiece 1, the gap 4 corresponds to the shape of a pipe piece R and between the mandrel 2 and the closure piece 3 of the mold the bottom B of the ceramic tube to be produced.
- the inner surface shape of the closure piece 3 and the outer surface shape of the mandrel 2 are usually the same to obtain a constant thickness of the bottom B.
- the surface shape may be hemispherical, conical, conical or any other way as long as it has no undercuts in a direction of formation.
- the gap 4 is connected to a filled by a ceramic mass M feed chamber 5 in conjunction.
- a vent opening 6 is provided, via which the gap 4 is vented during filling of the gap 4 with the ceramic mass M and an excess of the ceramic mass M is pressed out of the gap 4.
- a ventilation opening 7 is present, which can be opened and closed with a closed mouthpiece 1 either. It must be closed when the gap 4 filled with ceramic material M and the bottom B is extruded, and should be open before or while the closure piece 3 is released from the mouthpiece 1.
- Venting openings are known in the prior art which produce a direct fluidic connection between the gap and the surroundings via the closure piece.
- the vents are filled after completion of the floor with ceramic material and thus closed.
- the vent opening 6 leads into a serving as a recompression space central bore 12, as z. B. from the aforementioned DE 10 2016 104 387 A1 is known, is pressed out of the after filling of the gap 4 ceramic material M back into the gap 4, thereby forming a Compression of the ceramic mass M in the gap 4 comes.
- the vent 6 is filled after completion of the bottom B with ceramic material M and thus closed.
- a ventilation opening 7 is present, which is closed during the extrusion process of the bottom B and can be opened, while the closure piece 3 is still in contact with the mouthpiece 1. Only after completion of the bottom B, the ventilation opening 7 is opened, whereby air can flow into the forming free space or is actively pressed. Depending on the size of the ventilation opening 7, the inflowing air quantity can be increased and the suppression be reduced.
- the vent 7 is either directly connected to the environment, creating a pressure equalization is created in the forming space, or it is about a media supply 17 z. B.
- Vent openings 7 are connected to a media supply 17, it is advantageous if the vent opening 6 is designed to be closed. Otherwise, if appropriate, the venting port 6 of ceramic material M is freely blown by the compressed air, and in the forming Free space can not be generated overpressure.
- four ventilation openings 7 are present in the closure piece 3, which open directly into the gap 4 via the inner surface thereof. They are arranged uniformly around the vent opening 6.
- the ventilation openings 7 are each associated with a closure mechanism 9 and a sealing cap 8, wherein the sealing cap 8 has a top surface 8.1, which is adapted to the shape of the inner surface of the closure piece 3.
- the sealing cap 8 is made of a same material as the closure piece 3 and the top surface 8.1 of the sealing cap 8 has a same surface quality as the inner surface of the closure piece 3.
- the number and size of the cross-section of the ventilation openings 7 in the surface of the closure piece 3 are variable. Depending on the nature of the closure mechanisms 9 and possible connections with each other, the ventilation openings 7 can be opened and closed individually or synchronously.
- the closure mechanisms 9 must be robust and withstand a large back pressure.
- the closure piece 3 has a hemispherical inner surface.
- the ventilation openings 7, clearly visible on the right in FIG. 1 a, are each formed by a section of a through bore penetrating the closure piece 3 and a through bore opening in here.
- the penetrating through-hole tapers conically at its end facing the gap 4.
- it tapers to a very small diameter, so that possibly caused by the top surfaces 8.1 of Abdichtkappen 8 form deviations at the bottom B are negligible.
- the through hole has a thread.
- a sealing cap 8 connected to a closure mechanism 9 is shown in the ventilation opening 7 shown on the left in FIG. 1a.
- the closure mechanism 9 is here in the simplest form a grub screw, at the tip of a pin is formed on the fixedly connected the sealing cap 8 is formed.
- the shutter mechanism 9 also simultaneously constitutes an operating element 10, via the actuation of which the shutter mechanism 9 moves the sealing cap 8 into an open position or a closed position.
- a hydraulically moved piston rod is displaceable over the stop limited by stops to the sealing cap 8 to open and close the ventilation opening 7.
- Ventilation openings 7, as they have been described here, may alternatively or additionally be present in the mouthpiece 1, with which further embodiments not shown in the drawings, which can be deduced professionally from the prior art, are formed.
- the vent opening 6 is designed according to the invention.
- the closure piece 3 there is a central bore 12 extending coaxially with the mouthpiece 1, in which a piston 15 has a first piston stroke h 1 between an upper end position Lo (FIG. 2 b) and an intermediate position Lz (FIG. 2 a) and a second piston stroke h 2 between the intermediate layer Lz and a lower end position Ly (Fig. 2c) is displaceable.
- the vent opening 6 is here formed by a first channel bore 13, which opens between the upper end position L 0 and the intermediate layer L z in the central bore 12, together with the central bore 12 over the length of the first piston stroke hi.
- a ventilation opening 7 is formed by a second channel bore 14, which opens into the central bore 12 between the intermediate layer L z and the lower end position Ly, and the central bore 12 via the first and the second piston stroke hi , h 2nd The extrusion of the bottom B takes place when the piston 15 is in the intermediate layer Lz.
- the vent opening 6 is released here and the ventilation opening 7 - it may also be several ventilation openings 7, which open into the central bore 12 open - is closed by the piston 15.
- the piston 15 After compression of the ceramic mass M, the piston 15 is lifted up to the upper end position Lo, it is lowered into the lower end position Ly, the vent opening 7 is released.
- vent opening 6 is also carried out according to the second variant.
- a coaxial to the mouthpiece 1 central bore 12 is present, in which a piston 15 via a first piston stroke h 1 between a 3 b) and an intermediate layer Lz (FIG. 3 a) and via a second piston stroke h 2 between the intermediate layer L z and a lower end position Ly (FIG. 3c).
- the vent opening 6 is here also a first channel bore 13, which opens between the upper end position Lo and the intermediate layer L z in the central bore 12, in conjunction with the central bore 12 via the first piston stroke h 1.
- the central bore 12 deposited below the intermediate layer L z and has a larger diameter than above the intermediate layer L z .
- an annular gap 16 is formed around the piston 15 in the lower end position Ly, which in conjunction with the central bore 12 opened between the intermediate layer L z and the lower end position Ly represents the ventilation opening 7.
- the central bore 12 is fully released when the piston 15 is in the lower end position Ly, so that the central bore 12 is the ventilation opening 7.
- the lower end position Ly can also be set equal to a complete removal of the piston 15 from the central bore 12.
- the piston 15 is formed by an outer bulb and an inner bulb.
- the outer piston and the inner piston are movable together as a closed piston 15 via a first piston stroke hi between an upper end position and an intermediate position Lo L z.
- Only the inner piston is displaceable via a second piston stroke h 2 , which can be very small, between the intermediate layer L z and a lower end position Ly, in which the piston 15 is open.
- the vent opening 6 is also formed here by a first channel bore 13, which opens between the upper end position Lo and the intermediate layer L z in the central bore 12, and the central bore 12 and the central bore 12 and the open piston 15 are the ventilation opening 7.
- the inner surface of the closure piece 3 is designed with a film 1 1, which adheres temporarily to the bottom B after removing the closure piece 3 from the mouthpiece 1 and after the escape of residual moisture and beginning shrinkage of the Soil B forming ceramic mass M can be easily removed.
- the film 1 1 is advantageously a stretchable film, outside the gap 4 between the mouthpiece
- the closure piece 3 is kept clamped.
- it applies wrinkle-free to the inner surface of the closure piece 3.
- the film 11 may still temporarily remain on the bottom B after the removal of the bottom B until the bottom B has solidified to such an extent and shrinkage has begun that the film
- a mold insert is inserted into the inner surface of the closure piece 3.
- the mold insert has a sufficient rigidity, so that it does not wrinkle when filling the gap 4 with ceramic material M.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018103594.2A DE102018103594B4 (de) | 2018-02-19 | 2018-02-19 | Zu belüftende Extrusionsvorrichtung zur Herstellung eines mit einem Boden verschlossenen Keramikrohres |
| PCT/DE2019/100153 WO2019158164A1 (de) | 2018-02-19 | 2019-02-19 | Zu belüftende extrusionsvorrichtung zur herstellung eines mit einem boden verschlossenen keramikrohres |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3755512A1 true EP3755512A1 (de) | 2020-12-30 |
| EP3755512B1 EP3755512B1 (de) | 2022-03-30 |
Family
ID=65763231
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19710595.0A Active EP3755512B1 (de) | 2018-02-19 | 2019-02-19 | Zu belüftende extrusionsvorrichtung zur herstellung eines mit einem boden verschlossenen keramikrohres |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3755512B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018103594B4 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL3755512T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2019158164A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE501270C (de) | 1926-09-29 | 1930-06-30 | Siemens Planiawerke A G Fuer K | Einrichtung an Strangpressen zur Herstellung von einseitig geschlossenen Hohlkoerpern |
| DE6610142U (de) * | 1968-05-16 | 1973-04-12 | Michael Christian Ludowici | Ventil zum pneumatischen auswerfen von aus keramischen massen bestehenden formlingen aus pressformen. |
| FR2064577A5 (de) * | 1969-09-30 | 1971-07-23 | Allg Strassenbaube | |
| DE3219226A1 (de) * | 1982-05-21 | 1983-11-24 | Rieter-Werke Dipl.-Ing. Walter Händle GmbH, 7750 Konstanz | Verfahren und vorrichtung fuer dachziegel-revolverpressen |
| JPH01225506A (ja) | 1988-03-04 | 1989-09-08 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 袋筒管の製造方法及びそれに用いる芯金構造 |
| JP2759075B2 (ja) * | 1988-10-19 | 1998-05-28 | 東芝セラミックス株式会社 | 管の押出成形方法 |
| US6558597B1 (en) | 1999-08-10 | 2003-05-06 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Process for making closed-end ceramic tubes |
| PT1882571E (pt) * | 2006-07-26 | 2012-11-14 | Ta Ro Progetti S N C Di Tagliati Rodolfo E C | Matriz isostática para formação de ladrilhos |
| DE102016104387B4 (de) | 2016-03-10 | 2020-11-26 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Extrusionsverfahren und Extrusionsvorrichtung zur Herstellung eines mit einem Boden verschlossenen Keramikrohres |
-
2018
- 2018-02-19 DE DE102018103594.2A patent/DE102018103594B4/de active Active
-
2019
- 2019-02-19 PL PL19710595.0T patent/PL3755512T3/pl unknown
- 2019-02-19 EP EP19710595.0A patent/EP3755512B1/de active Active
- 2019-02-19 WO PCT/DE2019/100153 patent/WO2019158164A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102018103594A1 (de) | 2019-08-22 |
| PL3755512T3 (pl) | 2023-03-06 |
| WO2019158164A4 (de) | 2019-11-21 |
| DE102018103594B4 (de) | 2019-10-24 |
| EP3755512B1 (de) | 2022-03-30 |
| WO2019158164A1 (de) | 2019-08-22 |
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