EP3755437B1 - Extincteur d'incendie - Google Patents

Extincteur d'incendie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3755437B1
EP3755437B1 EP19710061.3A EP19710061A EP3755437B1 EP 3755437 B1 EP3755437 B1 EP 3755437B1 EP 19710061 A EP19710061 A EP 19710061A EP 3755437 B1 EP3755437 B1 EP 3755437B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
extinguishing agent
extinguishing
gas generator
fire
equal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19710061.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3755437C0 (fr
EP3755437A1 (fr
Inventor
Gilles GONTHIER
Frédéric MARLIN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArianeGroup SAS
Original Assignee
ArianeGroup SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ArianeGroup SAS filed Critical ArianeGroup SAS
Publication of EP3755437A1 publication Critical patent/EP3755437A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3755437C0 publication Critical patent/EP3755437C0/fr
Publication of EP3755437B1 publication Critical patent/EP3755437B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C13/00—Portable extinguishers which are permanently pressurised or pressurised immediately before use
    • A62C13/003—Extinguishers with spraying and projection of extinguishing agents by pressurised gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/023—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being expelled by compressed gas, taken from storage tanks, or by generating a pressure gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/002—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for warehouses, storage areas or other installations for storing goods
    • A62C3/004—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places for warehouses, storage areas or other installations for storing goods for freezing warehouses and storages
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • A62C3/08—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles in aircraft

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of extinguishing using a fire extinguisher comprising an extinguishing agent with a low concentration of saturating vapor.
  • Extinguishing fires in a low temperature environment is a problem encountered in particular in the aeronautical field, for example when it is sought to extinguish a fire in the nacelle of an aircraft.
  • Halons are brominated halogenated chemical compounds. Halons have the advantage of having a high vapor pressure even when cold, making it possible to have a gas concentration higher than the extinguishing concentration even in low temperature conditions.
  • the extinguishing concentration constitutes a quantity indicated by the supplier of this extinguishing agent. It indicates the minimum volume concentration of extinguishing agent to be delivered into the atmosphere in order to extinguish a fire linked to the combustion of a given material.
  • the extinguishing concentration is commonly evaluated according to the ISO 14520 standard by cup-burner test. The extinction concentration is given as a quantity independent of temperature.
  • Halons are polluting products, sources of depletion of the ozone layer, the use of which is subject to increasingly strict regulatory bans. It is also expected that Halons will no longer be available in the 2030s.
  • the use of Halon as an extinguishing agent therefore constitutes an environmentally unsatisfactory provisional solution that is desirable to replace.
  • extinguishing agents that do not have the harmful effects of Halons have been developed.
  • extinguishing agents have low saturation vapor pressure and are more environmentally friendly than Halons.
  • An example of an existing low saturation vapor pressure extinguishing agent is FK-5-1-12. It also bears the trade name Novec TM 1230.
  • These extinguishing agents work, with known extinguishing devices, by gasifying at the outlet of the spray nozzle to reach a sufficient gas concentration to extinguish the fire.
  • the manufacturer specifies a minimum use temperature below which the agent condenses before reaching this effective concentration and can therefore no longer extinguish a fire.
  • the invention defined in claim 1, relates to a method of extinguishing a fire in an environment at a temperature less than or equal to - 10°C, comprising at least one step of distributing the extinguishing agent to using a fire extinguisher as described below.
  • the “saturating vapor concentration of the extinguishing agent taken at -10°C and 1 bar” is equal to the following ratio: [saturating vapor pressure of the extinguishing agent at -10°C ]/[1 bar].
  • the extinguishing concentration is determined according to the ISO 14520 standard, 3rd edition published in December 2015.
  • the invention uses, in its two embodiments described above, an extinguishing agent with a low concentration of saturated vapor, at low temperature, with regard to the need for extinguishing.
  • the embodiment of the invention targets extinguishing agents, at any saturated vapor pressure, for which the saturation vapor concentration at 1 bar and -10°C is lower than the extinction concentration.
  • the exemplary embodiment not forming part of the invention specifically targets extinguishing agents with low saturated vapor pressure at -10°C. These extinguishing agents actually have a low concentration of saturated vapor compared to the need for extinguishing at low temperatures.
  • an extinguishing agent is therefore used whose use in the gas phase only is insufficient to extinguish a fire at -10°C, or at temperatures below -10°C. vs.
  • the extinguisher uses a misting nozzle which makes it possible to generate a mist formed of fine liquid droplets of the extinguishing agent during use.
  • a misting nozzle constitutes a type of ejection nozzle known per se (designated in English by the expression “misting nozzle”).
  • the inventors noted that fine liquid droplets were adequately transported to the fire zone by the gas flow, at low temperature.
  • the invention makes it possible to extinguish below the limit temperature of use indicated by the manufacturer of the extinguishing agent because both the liquid phase (fine droplets) and the The gas phase of the extinguishing agent is transported to the fire zone and contributes to extinguishing. Unlike usual gas systems, extinguishing is ensured in the invention by a flow of two-phase extinguishing agent before its contact with the fire zone.
  • the invention therefore provides a solution for carrying out fire extinguishing at low temperature while using an extinguishing agent with a low concentration of saturating vapor. This is a problem for which no suitable solution is currently proposed in the state of the art, the use of extinguishing agents with a low concentration of saturated vapor at low temperature being even explicitly indicated as to be avoided. by some suppliers.
  • the inventors found that the extinguishing performance obtained at low temperature using the extinguisher according to the invention was particularly high, and in particular more higher even than those obtained at higher temperatures. This makes it possible in particular to use a lower concentration for the extinguishing agent in order to extinguish a fire at low temperature, and therefore to reduce the mass of the extinguisher.
  • an extinguishing agent with low saturating vapor pressure is advantageous because it is not very volatile, and therefore has a low impact on the environment.
  • the ratio, taken at a temperature of 20°C, [density of the extinguishing agent]/[surface tension of the extinguishing agent - air] is greater than or equal to 120,000 s 2 /m 3 .
  • Such a feature makes it possible to reduce the size of the droplets formed and to further increase the quantity of extinguishing agent transported by the flow towards the fire at low temperature, thus improving the extinguishing efficiency.
  • the extinguishing agent has a viscosity at -10°C less than or equal to 2 centistokes.
  • Such a characteristic is advantageous in order to reduce the pressure necessary to deliver a given flow rate of liquid agent, thus further facilitating the flow of the extinguishing agent towards the fire zone.
  • the gas generator is configured to impose a maximum pressure greater than or equal to 3 bar, for example greater than or equal to 7 bar, to the extinguishing agent.
  • Such a feature makes it possible to reduce the size of the droplets formed and to further increase the quantity of extinguishing agent transported by the flow towards the fire at low temperature, thus improving the extinguishing efficiency.
  • the misting nozzle is capable of generating liquid droplets of extinguishing agent of size less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m at -10°C.
  • Such a characteristic advantageously makes it possible, by using particularly fine droplets, to further improve the extinguishing efficiency at low temperatures and therefore to limit the effective concentration for extinguishing the fire.
  • the misting nozzle is capable of generating liquid droplets of extinguishing agent of size less than or equal to 10 ⁇ m at -10°C.
  • the gas generator comprises a pyrotechnic gas generator.
  • a pyrotechnic gas generator is advantageous compared to the use of a pressurized gas cylinder in order, on the one hand, to limit the sensitivity to the temperature of the pressure generated and, on the other hand, , to obtain a pressure profile imposed on the extinguishing agent that is almost constant as a function of time, thus further improving the extinguishing efficiency at low temperatures.
  • the gas generator comprises a pressurized gas cylinder.
  • the gas generator is present in a pressurization chamber separated from the storage chamber by a movable wall, the gas generator being configured to set the movable wall in motion in order to distribute the gas agent. extinction outside the body.
  • the gas generator may be present in the storage chamber.
  • the present disclosure also relates to an aircraft equipped with a fire extinguisher as described above.
  • the device 1 comprises a body 2 extending along a longitudinal axis X and defining a storage chamber 4 in which an extinguishing agent (not shown) is present.
  • the extinguishing agent may be present in liquid state. In the case where the fire extinguisher is used at high temperature, the extinguishing agent may be in the gaseous state.
  • the storage chamber 4 may have a non-zero free volume (i.e. a non-zero volume not occupied by the liquid medium containing the extinguishing agent). Alternatively, the entire volume of the storage chamber is occupied by the liquid medium containing the extinguishing agent before distribution begins.
  • extinguishing agent As an example of a extinguishing agent that can be used, we can for example cite FK-5-1-12 or Novec TM 1230 (perfluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone).
  • the extinguishing agent may have a saturated vapor pressure less than or equal to 70 mbar at -10°C.
  • the FK-5-1-12 checks this condition in particular.
  • the extinguishing agent has a solidification temperature below -10°C. It is thus in liquid state when distributed at -10°C.
  • the solidification temperature of the extinguishing agent may in particular be less than or equal to -55°C in certain extreme cases.
  • the extinguishing agent may have a viscosity at -10°C less than or equal to 2 centistokes.
  • the body 2 further defines, in the example illustrated, a pressurization chamber 5 comprising a gas generator 20.
  • the gas generator 20 is a pyrotechnic gas generator.
  • the gas generator can be a pressurized gas cartridge.
  • the gas generator includes at least one housing in which a pyrotechnic charge is present. More precisely, in the example illustrated in figure 1 , the gas generator 20 includes an initiator 26 making it possible to initiate the combustion of the relay charge 27 which will trigger the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge 23 in order to generate the pressurizing gas.
  • the pyrotechnic charge 23 can be in the form of a monolithic block or a granular material.
  • the pyrotechnic charge 23 may have the same composition as the pyrotechnic charges typically used in gas generators for airbags.
  • the gas generator may include one or more pyrotechnic charges.
  • the gas generator 20 can be electrically triggered by applying an electric current to the terminals of the initiator or mechanical (percussive triggering). In the case of mechanical triggering, a striker strikes the ignition device. In all cases, the initiation of the ignition device leads to the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge 23 and the release of the gases resulting from the combustion.
  • the gas generator When activated in an environment at a temperature less than or equal to -10°C, the gas generator can be configured to impose on the extinguishing agent a maximum pressure greater than or equal to 3 bar, for example 7 bar .
  • This maximum pressure can be understood between 3 bar and 30 bar, for example between 7 bar and 30 bar. It is within the general knowledge of those skilled in the art to design a gas generator in order to enable the application of the desired maximum pressure value.
  • the pressurization chamber 5 is separated from the storage chamber 4 by a movable wall 7 in the example illustrated.
  • Body 2 has, in the example illustrated, a symmetrical shape of revolution, here cylindrical. Of course, the invention is not limited to such shapes for the body 2.
  • the body 2 comprises a side wall 2a extending along the longitudinal axis X of the body 2 and surrounding the storage chamber 4.
  • the side wall 2a of the body 2 further surrounds the pressurization chamber 5.
  • the body 2 further comprises a first bottom wall 2b as well as a second bottom wall 2c.
  • the first and second bottom walls 2b and 2c longitudinally delimit the body 2.
  • the first bottom wall 2b delimits the storage chamber 4.
  • the first bottom wall 2b has at least one outlet 10 configured to deliver the agent d extinction outside the body 2 during actuation of the gas generator 20.
  • the second bottom wall 2c delimits the pressurization chamber 5.
  • the pressurization chamber 5 is located between the movable wall 7 and the second bottom wall 2c.
  • the storage chamber 4 is located between the first bottom wall 2b and the movable wall 7, the latter delimiting storage chamber 4.
  • the movable wall 7 can be formed of a metallic material, for example aluminum.
  • the movable wall 7 is made of a single material in order to further simplify the manufacturing process of the device 1.
  • the movable wall 7 is configured to sealtightly separate the storage chamber 4 from the pressurization chamber. 5.
  • the movable wall 7 is configured to communicate to the extinguishing agent present in the storage chamber 4 the pressure imposed by the gas generated in the pressurization chamber 5.
  • the direction of application of the pressure by the movable wall 7 on the extinguishing agent to be distributed is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis body 2.
  • the movable wall 7 extends over the entire internal diameter D s of the storage chamber 4.
  • the movable wall 7 is configured so as not to be ruptured under the effect of the pressure imposed by the gas generated in the pressurizing chamber 5.
  • the device 1 may further comprise a shutter 15 sealing the outlet orifice 10 and configured to allow the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2 when the pressure in the storage chamber 4 exceeds a predefined value.
  • the shutter 15 is configured to prevent, when it is in a first configuration, the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2, the shutter 15 is further configured to pass into a second configuration when the pressure in the storage chamber 4 exceeds a predefined value, this second configuration of the shutter 15 authorizing the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2.
  • the shutter 15 can , for example, be in the form of a membrane configured to give way when the pressure in the storage chamber 4 exceeds a predefined value.
  • the shutter 15 can, for example, be a membrane made of aluminum or an Inconel ® type alloy.
  • a misting nozzle 18 is attached to the device 1 at the outlet 10 of said device.
  • the misting nozzles constitute nozzles known per se. These are nozzles making it possible to generate fine droplets, for example of a size less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m, or even 10 ⁇ m.
  • the misting nozzle 18 makes it possible to generate a mist comprising liquid droplets of the extinguishing agent.
  • An example of a usable misting nozzle is the nozzle sold under the reference “DFN Misting Nozzle” by the company IC Spray. This example of nozzle makes it possible to generate liquid droplets of extinguishing agent of size less than or equal to 50 ⁇ m at -10°C.
  • the gas generator 20 is first activated in order to pressurize the chamber 5. This excess pressure created in the chamber 5 is transmitted by the movable wall 7 to the extinguishing agent. present in the storage chamber 4. Once a predefined value has been reached for the pressure in the storage chamber 4, the shutter 15 passes into a second configuration allowing the exit of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2 through the outlet 10.
  • the movable wall 7 is moved towards the first bottom wall 2b in order to cause the distribution of the extinguishing agent.
  • the movable wall 7 is set in motion along the longitudinal axis X.
  • the extinguishing agent is distributed outside the extinguisher by the misting nozzle 18 to obtain a mist 19 of fine liquid droplets of extinguishing agent.
  • the fire extinguisher according to the invention is specially adapted to extinguish a fire at low temperature.
  • the agent can be conventionally transported in gaseous form and it also extinguishes the fire in its gaseous form.
  • the fire extinguisher can be used in an environment at a pressure equal to 1 bar, or less than 1 bar.
  • the movable wall 7 is configured to move without deforming during the distribution of the extinguishing agent.
  • the movable wall 7 has a piston effect.
  • the face of the movable wall 7 located on the side of the pressurizing chamber 5 is subjected to the pressure of the gas generated, this pressure is communicated to the face of the movable wall 7 located on the side of the storage chamber 4 in order to allow the distribution of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2.
  • the movable wall 7 causes, during its movement, the distribution of the extinguishing agent outside the body 2 in the manner of a syringe in the example illustrated.
  • the invention can also be implemented with a pressurized gas cylinder, although the use of a pyrotechnic generator is preferential.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Operations Research (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
EP19710061.3A 2018-02-20 2019-02-18 Extincteur d'incendie Active EP3755437B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1851428A FR3077989B1 (fr) 2018-02-20 2018-02-20 Extincteur d'incendie
PCT/FR2019/050363 WO2019162603A1 (fr) 2018-02-20 2019-02-18 Extincteur d'incendie

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3755437A1 EP3755437A1 (fr) 2020-12-30
EP3755437C0 EP3755437C0 (fr) 2024-04-03
EP3755437B1 true EP3755437B1 (fr) 2024-04-03

Family

ID=62222900

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19710061.3A Active EP3755437B1 (fr) 2018-02-20 2019-02-18 Extincteur d'incendie

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US11383112B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP3755437B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP7308230B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN112004580A (ja)
FR (1) FR3077989B1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2019162603A1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3118885A1 (fr) 2021-01-15 2022-07-22 Arianegroup Sas Dispositif d’extinction d’un feu
FR3130752B1 (fr) 2021-12-22 2023-11-10 Safran Nacelles Intégration d’un extincteur en zone "feu" d’une turbomachine
FR3130750A1 (fr) 2021-12-22 2023-06-23 Safran Nacelles Déclenchement à distance d’une extinction en zone feu d’un système propulsif
FR3130751A1 (fr) 2021-12-22 2023-06-23 Safran Nacelles Intégration de buses d’extinction en zone « feu » d’une turbomachine
FR3143375A1 (fr) * 2022-12-19 2024-06-21 ARIANEGROUP SAS / InstSp Extincteur d’incendie courbé pour moteur

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010071622A1 (en) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-24 Utc Fire & Security Corporation Atomizing nozzle for a fire suppression system

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FR2772370B1 (fr) 1997-12-12 2000-01-07 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Compositions pyrotechniques generatrices de gaz non toxiques a base de perchlorate d'ammonium
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20210101036A1 (en) 2021-04-08
JP2021514282A (ja) 2021-06-10
JP7308230B2 (ja) 2023-07-13
WO2019162603A1 (fr) 2019-08-29
EP3755437C0 (fr) 2024-04-03
CN112004580A (zh) 2020-11-27
EP3755437A1 (fr) 2020-12-30
US11383112B2 (en) 2022-07-12
FR3077989A1 (fr) 2019-08-23
FR3077989B1 (fr) 2021-11-19

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