EP3752365A1 - Tête d'impression et procédé d'impression - Google Patents

Tête d'impression et procédé d'impression

Info

Publication number
EP3752365A1
EP3752365A1 EP19706369.6A EP19706369A EP3752365A1 EP 3752365 A1 EP3752365 A1 EP 3752365A1 EP 19706369 A EP19706369 A EP 19706369A EP 3752365 A1 EP3752365 A1 EP 3752365A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capillary
actuator
aerosol
outlet opening
printhead
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19706369.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3752365B1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Ungerer
Andreas Hofmann
Rudolf Scharnowell
Ulrich Gengenbach
Ingo SIEBER
Achim Wenka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Original Assignee
Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT filed Critical Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
Publication of EP3752365A1 publication Critical patent/EP3752365A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3752365B1 publication Critical patent/EP3752365B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/08—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators
    • B05B1/083—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators the pulsating mechanism comprising movable parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/07—Ink jet characterised by jet control
    • B41J2/11—Ink jet characterised by jet control for ink spray
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
    • B01L3/0241—Drop counters; Drop formers
    • B01L3/0268—Drop counters; Drop formers using pulse dispensing or spraying, eg. inkjet type, piezo actuated ejection of droplets from capillaries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/045—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber the gas and liquid flows being parallel just upstream the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/24—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device
    • B05B7/2483—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas with means, e.g. a container, for supplying liquid or other fluent material to a discharge device the supplying means involving no pressure or aspiration, e.g. means involving gravity or capillarity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/02—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet
    • B41J2/025—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet by vibration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/12—Specific details about materials
    • B01L2300/123—Flexible; Elastomeric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
    • B01L2400/0406—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces capillary forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
    • B01L2400/0433—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces vibrational forces
    • B01L2400/0439—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces vibrational forces ultrasonic vibrations, vibrating piezo elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2202/00—Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet or thermal heads
    • B41J2202/01—Embodiments of or processes related to ink-jet heads
    • B41J2202/02—Air-assisted ejection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a printhead according to the first and a printing method according to the ninth claim.
  • Jet Printheads are a central component in the printing technology e.
  • these liquids can be from a reservoir such as a cartridge, removed and accelerated for the printing operation in a direction to be printed on the upper surface.
  • the pressure is metered, ie whoever transported the liquids only in individual drops on the surface to be printed.
  • various ne Aktor- and Dosierjone are used, such as on piezoelectric, electrostatic or thermal .
  • Slideder Ba sis Preferably, the so-called drop-on-demand technique is used, in which one or more drops are dispensed only when a control signal is present.
  • the printhead mentioned above is particularly and before given in the field of non-contact digital jet printing method for a functional printing, ie printing of functional structures (eg, conductors, resistors, capacitors, biological substances, etc.) used.
  • Piezo inkjet technology is the most widely used process.
  • a piezoelectric element acts on an ink volume in the printing nozzle, wherein a pressure or pressure pulse is applied to the printing ink, which leads to at least one ink droplet ejected from the printing nozzle and injected onto the object to be printed.
  • inks are used in a preferred viscosity range between 5 to 40 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the aerosol jet technology and the electrohydrodynamic inkjet technology cover a further viscosity range, with the aerosol jet technology having the additional advantage of reducing structures to a single-digit range despite larger topological jumps of the surface to be printed. Area to print without vertical tracking of the pressure nozzle.
  • the disclosed aerosol jet printing method comprising insbesonde re generation of an aerosol of ink, a Concentrating tion of the 'aerosol, a transport of the aerosol with gas to the pressure nozzle arrangement, a concentration of the aerosol, for example in the abovementioned chamber, and a hydrodynamic focussing of the aerosol jet into the pressure nozzle ,
  • the ' aerosol generation he follows it either pneumatically or by ultrasound in the separate chamber of the printhead.
  • the aerosol generated is conveyed by means of a transport gas via line systems to the pressure nozzle and concentrated there by means of a focusing gas (also an envelope stream).
  • a focusing gas also an envelope stream.
  • the operating mode of the Systems is unchangeable.
  • the aerosol jet is adjusted to the respective conditions by setting different parameters (in particular volumetric flow of the transport gas, volume flow of the focusing gas, choice of nozzle and atomizer, etc.).
  • the aerosol jet is stable, it can be printed.
  • the Aero sol flow rate remains constant during the entire printing process, the beam intensity is not regulated and does not vary. The metered amount per time is therefore constant.
  • the aerosol jet must be interrupted after the nozzle. This happens through a mechanical ink collecting device that is positioned between the nozzle and the substrate.
  • a disadvantage of the aforementioned method is that the print head basically aligned with the earth's gravity field who has to and thus without additional measures such. a mechanical decoupling of the chamber for aerosol generation and the nozzle is not arbitrarily alignable to the surface to be printed.
  • This local separation into several Party systems requires a conduit system for promoting the aerosol flow to the pressure nozzle.
  • long lines can affect the aerosol (e.g., drop size change due to agglomeration and small droplet aggregation, droplet deposits on the walls).
  • the piping systems are then contaminated with a substance and must be cleaned or replaced if another fluid is to be printed without contamination.
  • a complete cleaning or intermediate cleaning (eg when changing the liquids to be printed) is achieved in particular by a separation tion of aerosol production and pressure nozzle difficult and is there with more expensive than, for example, a comparable inkjet Drucksy system.
  • a particular challenge in an application of the above-cited technologies is the printing of dreidimen dimensional structures on the surface of a substrate.
  • one or multi-axis Relativterrorismen between the printhead and substrate allows the who, for example by means of an electromechanical Posi tioniersystems , At each change of direction, axle accelerations and delays occur, which are picked up by the print head.
  • axle accelerations and delays occur, which are picked up by the print head.
  • the amount of ink applied to the substrate inevitably varies with each impressed change.
  • the characteristics of the printed structure e.g., resistance of a printed electrode
  • the cited prior art with respect to the ultrasonic Do ⁇ siervons shows no way non-contact printing the aforementioned structures.
  • the there described method requires a precise distance control between SI ⁇ se and the substrate and is designed for flat substrates, such as Si ⁇ lizium wafer suitable.
  • an object is to propose a jet print head, which is suitable for printing and three-dimensional structures of the type mentioned.
  • Another object is to vorzu a jet printhead ⁇ beat, suitable for faster compared to conventional systems change while avoiding cross-contamination and / or liquid carryover to be printed fluids in the printing system.
  • a further object is to propose a corresponding printing method, in particular for printing structures, preferably functional structures, on a surface using the jet print head.
  • the invention is based on a printhead comprising a capillary Ka for a liquid as a pressurized fluid with a nozzle opening, which opens into an antechamber.
  • the capillary is directly or indirectly adjacent to other components such as e.g. an elastic element and / or attachment means for the capillary (e.g., clamping means) to an actuator, i. she is in contact with this body in a party.
  • the piezoelectric actuator is firmly connected to the capillary.
  • said prechamber has a nozzle opening to the capillary curse tende outlet opening, i. the axes of symmetry of capillary pillar and outlet opening preferably coincide.
  • Ausmündende sinöffnun conditions are provided for a guide gas, which leaves the prechamber via the outlet opening in Rich tion of a surface to be printed together with the pressurized fluid.
  • the actuator is preferably a piezoelectric actuator.
  • electromechanical actuators or, in the case of very small designs, electrostatic actuators as actuators are also particularly suitable for larger printhead designs.
  • Aktorisch passive components include, for example, at least one elastic element, at least one elastic plate spring element and / or at least one elastic bending element or bending strip as a connecting component between the Kapil lare and the printhead housing. They are used in particular to guide the capillary and preferably allow only an ela stic to a basic position yielding unidirectional axi al mobility of the capillary in the printhead housing.
  • Akto risch passive components preferably also comprise a lever mechanism between an actuatorally active component of the actuator, for example, a piezoelectric transducer (piezoelectric actuator), which is preferably in contact on the actuatorically passive components, more preferably by these me chanically excitable.
  • a piezoelectric transducer piezoelectric actuator
  • the liquid from the capillary is atomized directly at the nozzle opening only with an axial oscillating movement of a capillary and forms an aerosol with the guide gas.
  • the aerosol is therefore not preconditioned passed into the prechamber, but forms advantageously at a late date as possible shortly before the printing process in the pre chamber.
  • the capillary preferably a glass capillary, is connected to at least one reservoir, preferably at least one cartridge for the liquid (pressurized fluid).
  • the capillary thus has non-continuous or preferably continuous Lich promoting feed for the pressurized fluid in the Ka pillar, preferably at the nozzle opening (distal end of the capillary) opposite end of the capillary (proximal end of the capillary). This is preferably done by means of a supply line to the capillary contactless, for example, by a proximal in said End of the capillaries protruding outlet opening of the supply line, or by means of an elastic hose connection preferably between the proximal end of the capillary and the said outlet opening of the supply line.
  • the supply line is in this case a connection between at least egg nem reservoir of the fluid to be printed and the capillary.
  • the promotion of the fluid is preferably capillary, ie fluid losses in the capillary through the nozzle opening during the printing process are compensated by capillary suction of fluid components.
  • one embodiment provides to provide the supply line with its own active fluid conveying means (delivery pump).
  • Another optional Ausgestal device comprises at least one mixing chamber for mixing or Ho mogen are fluid components, for example from under defenceli chen reservoirs and merged in the mixing chamber. It is within the scope of the invention to locate said mixing chamber functionally in the capillary and to provide a separate supply line directly into the capillary for each reservoir involved.
  • the capillary for a better mobility of the print head and to reduce the nieriolo in a positioning movement of the print head required movable masses via a preferably pliable hose with the line to be connected.
  • the liquid Via the hose, the liquid is transported through the capillary and the nozzle opening into the prechamber.
  • the transport is preferably carried out, i. not necessarily without a pump.
  • the at least one inlet opening for the guide gas is preferably arranged laterally of the capillary.
  • the alignment of the at least one inlet opening and thus the inlet opening is also preferably oriented at an acute angle to the axis of symmetry of the capillary towards the outlet opening, ie the orientation is vectorially composed of a orthogonal and a parallel to the symmetry axis oriented vector together, wherein the parallel part of the vector seen from the nozzle opening in the direction of the outlet opening.
  • said direction from crossing the axis of symmetry of the capillary within the pre chamber If the fluid to be printed from the capillary is a liquid or a suspension, and emerges as a sprayed jet from the nozzle opening, this jet crosses the flow of the guide gas. It comes at the meeting to ei ner aerosol formation.
  • An essential feature relates to the arrangement of the actuator in the print head, its arrangement to the capillary and the Substituted staltung the actuator movement.
  • the actuator is preferably firmly inserted in the antechamber of the print head, more preferably opposite to the outlet opening.
  • the actuator movement serves to move the capillary relative to the pre-chamber and preferably comprises forward and backward movements only axially of the axis of symmetry of the capillary and outlet opening. It is in addition to the design and direction of action of the actuator by the fixed points, i. the attachment points of the actuator in the printhead on the one hand and by the arrangement of the acquisition to the capillary on, on the other hand determined in or above the actuator off the fixed points.
  • the attachment for fixing the piezoelectric actuator in the antechamber by gluing, clamping or screwing takes place.
  • the actuator preferably a piezoelectric actuator as a vibrating actuator, preferably designed a resonant actuator operable in resonance, it preferably comprises a plate, disc, ring, cross or beam bending actuator, at least one preferably annular translation actuator or one or more Scherschwingaktoren with one preferably Centered on the actuator pickup for the capillary.
  • the actuator preferably a piezoelectric actuator as a vibrating actuator, preferably designed a resonant actuator operable in resonance, it preferably comprises a plate, disc, ring, cross or beam bending actuator, at least one preferably annular translation actuator or one or more Scherschwingaktoren with one preferably Centered on the actuator pickup for the capillary.
  • a preferred embodiment provides to make the attachment points
  • a piezo bending vibration actuator which is preferably fixed at both ends in an elastic manner, preferably reaches the maximum amplitude in its center. They are preferably formed by at least two individual points or in particular in the case of a plate-shaped or disc-shaped bending and vibration actuator by support lines. When an actuator is clamped preferably fixed only at one side, the maximum amplitude occurs at each end walls ⁇ ren.
  • An alternative embodiment of the piezoelectric actuator comprises a layer stack of disc-shaped single piezoelectric actuators whose rashes add up to a total deflection.
  • D31 converters or shear actuators whose actuator movement can be tapped transversely to the applied electric field and used for the axial movement of the capillary.
  • these embodiments are much stiffer and are suitable in particular for pronounceresonante guided actuator movements, for example, for Israeleckschwingept- or saw tooth-shaped oscillations or single shock movements.
  • the capillary is moved axially preferably swinging back and forth, either in resonance or a predeterminable preferably cyclic curve (waveform, eg sawtooth, rectangular shape, etc.) following led.
  • the capillary and thus their Düsenöff ⁇ voltage is in front so at each cycle of movement back and forth, wherein at each change of direction, deceleration or jerk an acceleration on the capillary and the nozzle opening and thus also on the located in the nozzle opening pressure fluid acts.
  • the outlet opening directed Rich direction change causes the inertia of the pressurized fluid alone a squeezing fluid components from the nozzle opening and a detachment of drops or other fluid constituents in particular at the nozzle exit surface of the capillary wall.
  • droplets of the pressurized fluid thus detach from the nozzle opening and are taken up by the guide gas.
  • the proportions of the Füh gas and the detached components of the pressurized fluid form an aerosol, which is passed from the antechamber through the outlet opening to the surface to be printed.
  • the pressure takes place immediately after aerosol formation, which advantageously reduces the risk of segregation.
  • the aligned arrangement of the nozzle opening and the outlet opening is particularly advantageous, since the detaching drops not only form an aerosol due to their velocity and inertia present during detachment, but also impulse the aerosol stream in the direction of the outlet opening and thus exercise the surface to be printed.
  • the Aerosolstromge speed is already high at the nozzle exit.
  • the drops contribute substantially to the total momentum of the aerosol due to a significantly higher density than the guide gas.
  • the guide gas stream preferably only a part of the guide gas stream is transferred into the aerosol, ie it absorbs the detaching drops.
  • the remaining portion of the guide gas flow leaves the pre-chamber together with the aerosol stream formed via the outlet opening. Since the aerosol stream due to the aforementioned pulse consideration concentrates around the axis of symmetry of the capillary and thus the outlet opening, the remaining portion of the Man telgasstroms is urged into the edge regions of the outlet opening ver and thus forms a sheath flow to the aerosol stream. This sheath flow reduces contact of aerosol to the inner wall of the outlet opening, thus attaching aerosol components and advantageously also to put the outlet opening with the pressurized fluid.
  • the mass flow of the aerosol is controllable, preferably by changing the process parameters fluid pressure in the capillary, by the voltage amplitude and frequency in the control of the actuator and by changing the drive signal, e.g. from a sinusoidal function to another periodic function (e.g., sawtooth, square) or by a phase shifted periodic signal.
  • the amplitude of the axial reciprocating motion By the amplitude of the axial reciprocating motion, the flow rate of detached drops and thus the speed of the current separation and atomization of the / liquid, i. the pressure fluid at the nozzle opening adjustable and adjustable.
  • the amplitude level can be used to set, in particular, the mass flow, but also the droplet size of detached droplets, and thus also the aerosol properties.
  • the frequency of the axial reciprocating motion in particular the size of the detached drops, an essential feature of a forming aerosol, adjustable.
  • the Fre quency is preferably between 50 kHz to 2 MHz.
  • the fundamental frequency of impressed lateral upper frequencies can be increased by the scattering area of the detached drops that extends conically around the axis of symmetry.
  • the capillary can be pre-called, precede around the symmetry axis conically extending scattering range of the detached drops.
  • a capillary edge extending on a non-orthogonal to the capillary axis allows a preferred direction of the deflection of the detached drops.
  • the behavior of the aerosol generation is controllable by the mentioned process parameters. In the final installed state, these parameters are reduced to the following main factors of influence: frequency, waveform, amplitude, fluid pressure. If the excitation of the piezoelectric element is switched off, the aerosol generation is interrupted. No further liquid is ejected from the nozzle (neither in aerosol form nor in any other form). This binary behavior is used to shut down the Aero solstrahl when there is a need for an interruption in the printed image without the need for a mechanical Tintenfän ger.
  • the capillary is preferably adjacent to a piezoelectric actuator, ie it is in solid state contact with it.
  • the Piezor actuator has in such an embodiment, a recording of the capillary.
  • the recording connects to the capillary and also performs the same preferably impressed by the piezoelectric actuator axially oscillating or oscillating Bewegun conditions. They form a common vibration system.
  • the uptake serves as part of the oscillating mass on the vibrating actuator.
  • the piezo actuator of the printhead preferably with clamping means Stalten Stalten, in which the capillary is clamped non-positively.
  • these means consist of a bore in the actuator or on the actuator or preferably before inserted elastic component with the piezoelectric actuator before preferably a transition fit preferably with sliding seat (like Dubbel: Taschenbuch für die Maschinenbau, Springer Verlag, 14th edition (1981) p. 339).
  • a manual replacement of the capillary from the print head without additional pressing or striking tools and without damaging the damage to the glass capillary is still possible.
  • An old native embodiment provides an element with a resilient clamping element as a spring element ausgestaltetes, wherein the capillary on the piezoelectric actuator on a capillary orientation determining counter surface vorzugswei se with a guide groove or a stop for the Kapilla re suppressed and axial force and / 'or frictionally fixed.
  • an optional capillary tube which surrounds the capillary and which is firmly attached thereto (eg glued or pressed) is advantageous, which in its length more preferably limited to the clamping region of the gripping clamping means, which is significantly shorter than the Kapilla renide.
  • a frictional connection between two surfaces is characterized in that the surfaces with a force, e.g. be pressed against each other by clamping means and al lein by the surface pressure a static friction is generated, which fix the two surfaces to each other.
  • An adhesive material transition, as it occurs in cohesive Verbindun gene, for example, in a welding, gluing or soldering of two surfaces is not present in a non-positive connection.
  • This differs from positive connections in which topographies or additional elements fen between the two surfaces ineinandgrei and the surfaces thereby holding together. Examples of this are riveted joints between two sheets, a spring-groove connection or even against a counter-fit Elemen te such as steps, grooves, collars or webs.
  • the aforementioned clamping means simplify a expertbar speed in the printhead.
  • a change of the liquid to be printed, but also of the design of the nozzle opening decisively determining the scattering region of the detached drops can be realized by an exchange of the capillary.
  • Another advantage of such a change of the pressure medium and / or the scattering range is ensured that the aerosol production takes place only when needed (Aerosol-on-Demand) and only with leaving the paste or the liquid of Dü senö réelle in the antechamber.
  • Man telgas serves in the the antechamber via the inlet openings introduced Man telgas not only as an optional component of the bil Denden aerosol, but in particular as a sheath flow around the aerosol around, in the antechamber as well as in the subsequent outlet opening.
  • a further embodiment of the receptacle of the capillary provides, between the capillary of the recording and piezoelectric actuator and / or an elastic element in addition to provide a positive-locking in the axial direction to the axis of symmetry acting design.
  • This includes, for example, fixed to the capillary ne or formed on these steps or webs, which positively engages in a provided with this counter-fit design of the Ka pillarenam or the clamping means axially on one or both sides oriented stop. It is advisable to see the aforementioned enveloping tube coat according to ver with circumferential grooves or collars or to use the end portions of the tubular jacket for a positive axial fixation.
  • the particular advantage of this preferably additional embodiment is that egg ne999 possible to an axial movement dampening slipping processes between recording and capillary are prevented or reduced, on the other hand, a positioning of the capillary in the antechamber in an exchange or assembly of a capillary due to the positive stop in a simplified Way becomes reproducible.
  • the paste or liquid passed through the capillary is the material to be printed. It is single-phase or, for example, as a suspension, polyphase before. It is within the Rah men of the invention, while also providing multi-phase, reagative components together, which are preferably removed from two or more separate reservoirs and merged between rule reservoir and nozzle opening and since before preferably mixed or suspended.
  • multicomponent epoxy resins are mentioned here, the components of which, as in the case of other multicomponent systems, are preferably mixed in the capillary, passed through the nozzle opening into the pre-chamber, from there via the outlet opening onto the surface to be printed and hardened only on the surface.
  • Another embodiment of the printhead provides to provide means for generating an electrostatic field orthogonal to the axis of symmetry at the exit opening. This makes it possible to further manipulate the aerosol stream after an optional ionization, in particular to deflect, focus or further atomize it. Preference, the means for this purpose include electrodes in or around the outlet opening.
  • a further embodiment of the print head provides means for generating an electrostatic field parallel or concentric to the Sym etrieachse provided at the outlet opening. While one electrode is arranged orthogonal to the axis of symmetry about the outlet opening, the second electrode is electrically or electrically conductive through an electrically conductive substrate to be printed as a whole or a part thereof or in the case of an electrically non-conductive substrate (eg polymer foils) Conductive additional elements such as an intermediate plate or layer in or under the substrate educated. Such an electrode arrangement preferably serves to focus on the substrate.
  • the solution of the stated object also includes a
  • Printing method for printing a structure, preferably a raised structure on a surface using an aforementioned printhead a liquid or a paste is passed via the capillary into the antechamber via the nozzle opening, the nozzle opening being moved back and forth via a piezoactuator, wherein the liquid or paste at the nozzle opening continuously separates as fluid droplets and is atomized.
  • a guide gas is introduced into the pre-chamber to the capillary re, wherein the guide gas to a he most share in the antechamber with the fluid droplets composed into an aerosol stream and to a second portion between rule nozzle orifice and outlet opening a sheath flow forms around the aerosol stream.
  • the second portion predominates over the first portion, wherein in a particularly preferred embodiment, the first portion is absent or nearly zero (second portion above 95%).
  • the aerosol stream surrounded and focused by the sheath flow is then passed via the outlet opening from the pre-chamber onto a surface of a substrate where the fluid droplets are applied to the surface.
  • a vibration system is formed from a vibration actuator, a capillary with the liquid or paste contained therein and the receptacle for the capillary and, if appropriate, further resonating components (for example fluid connection); which is preferably further excited in a resonant oscillation.
  • the described printhead and the printing method have the further following advantages:
  • the design-related low volume and thus the rings unused dead volume (volumes in which, however, accumulate liquid components and in unfavorable case can also be fixed for a long time) of the fluid-carrying components allows low liquid losses in printing as well as better Dosier availability and Mixed settings even for smaller quantities of liquid.
  • a reduction in the aerosol-carrying components and the aerosol guidance in the pressure head allow a reduced contamination of these with aerosol, which in turn significantly simplifies and accelerates a change of the printing medium to be printed during the printing process.
  • an exchange of all fluid-carrying components is preferably simpler than disposable components compared to the aforementioned prior art and thus faster and / or more economical to design.
  • the often long-wierige cleaning reduces due to the late aerosol education, the short basically short paths and thus small contaminated with aerosol Oberflä chen and volume ranges (including the aforementioned dead volumes) between the nozzle outlet and outlet and the aforementioned by the guide fluid in particular as a sheath current Minimizing the risk of contamination in these surface areas by aerosol.
  • FIGS. 1 a and 2 b show a schematic sectional representation of a print head
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic arrangement of a capillary with collar in a receptacle
  • Fig.la and b schematically represent a print head in two events of the printhead again.
  • Central components of the print head are the print head housing 1 with an outlet opening 2 and the concentric about a symmetry axis 3 or in the case of a flat nozzle a symmetry plane 6 axially movable suspended capillary 4 with a Düsenöff opening 5.
  • a pre-chamber 8 Between the nozzle opening 5 and outlet opening 2 arranged in the printhead housing 1 a pre-chamber 8.
  • the capillary 4 is suspended in the housing via at least one elastic member 7 and guided along the symmetry axis or symmetry plane "axial.
  • the capillary 4 is in the embodiment shown, shaping in a separate receptacle 9, preferably provided with clamping means, fixed.
  • the capillaries are not possible or only with high forces
  • the elastic flexibility of the thus formed suspension of the Capillary is much higher in the axial direction than ortho gonal to the aforementioned symmetry axis or plane of symmetry.
  • At least one of the elastic elements is also connected to an actuator 10 (Fig.la) or forms with this a constructive unit.
  • the elastic element is formed by the actuator (Fig.lb).
  • the printhead housing 1 has at least one inlet opening 11 for a guide gas and a feed means 12 for the liquid to be printed.
  • the flow patterns for the guide gas 13 and for the liquid 14 to be printed are shown in Fig.la and b.
  • the inlet openings are preferably arranged laterally around the capillary 4 and to form a jacket flow in the antechamber proximal to the nozzle opening 5.
  • the suspension of the capillary in the printhead comprising the above-mentioned elastic elements and the actuator, must, if they are located distal to the inlet openings 11, axially flow around or flowed through, i. if necessary, be provided with axially flow-through from savings.
  • the inlet openings 11 shown in Fig.la lead since Lich in the print head housing.
  • the connections of the inlet openings are thus arranged laterally, with which a larger proximal cover area 15 above the inlet openings is provided for configurations in favor of better exchange availability of the capillary including the feed means 12.
  • Any dead volumes not flowing through the guide gas can be minimized in general and, in particular, in the above-mentioned cover area by a corresponding design of the print head housing 1 or by components (not shown) (eg a cover closure system).
  • the printhead housing 1 is basically a non-illustrated embodiment, for example for a Replacement of the capillary can be dismantled or opened.
  • the lid portion 15 is removable from the remaining print head housing, while the print head housing is held in its example piellitis over its lateral surfaces.
  • Fig.lb shows an embodiment example in which the inlet openings 11 are arranged in the proximal lid portion 15 in immedi ately close to the feed means 12.
  • the inlet openings are no longer as in Fig.la Darge provides arranged on the lateral surface of the print head housing, whereby the lateral surface advantageously for handling the printhead housing in a printing device for Ver addition, that is also universally clamped and auswech selbar.
  • this arrangement supports a schlan Kere design of the print head housing, which, for example, a closer arrangement of a plurality of printhead housing and also a Magazinie tion the same accommodates.
  • r is the printhead housing as such better in a printing device or by means of ei nes manipulator movable and alignable when the connec are bundled se, that together amount to a terminal strand construed
  • the realization by the aforementioned close arrangement of the inlet openings 11 in the proximal cap portion 15 in immediate proximity to the feed is favored.
  • this arrangement is advantageous if the connections of the inlet openings and the feed means, for example, have to be changed together at a Ka pillaren crisp, for example, if the pilot gas and the liquid to be printed must be coordinated, for example, reaction mixture tionschemisch.
  • the connections are made compact, the Druckkopfgeophu se 1 so that it is easier to grasp, which in turn very much benefits the integration of the print head as a whole in a manipulator or robotic system.
  • the said suspension for the capillary in the printhead housing comprises at least one elastic element, minde least one actuator, preferably also a separate receptacle for the capillary.
  • the receptacle further preferably comprises clamping means for a frictional fixation of the capillary.
  • the capillary on the outer shell surface minde least a three-dimensional surface structure which is positively preserved by the inclusion of one of these surface structure at least partially corresponding negative structure.
  • FIG. 2a shows an embodiment with a one-sided trans lationsaktor, for example, a piezoelectric actuator type d31 (transversal actuator) or d33 type (Longitudi nalaktor, in single-layer or multi-layer construction), which is attached to a projection 17 on the inner wall of the printhead housing and acts against a capillary receiving element 18.
  • the illustrated one-sided arrangement of the actuator is suitable only for guided actuator movements in the non-resonant frequency range.
  • the capillary receiving element has for this purpose an additional resonant frequency influencing ringför mig arranged around the capillary vibration mass 20.
  • the vibration mass can be designed in two parts, the capillary between the two parts is basically clamped positive or positive.
  • FIG.2d shows a suspension with bending swing actuators, preferably before multilayer counter-poled piezoelectric d31 actuators or applied to a flexure d31 actuator, which are preferably clamped to the inner wall of the Druckkopfge housing and at the other end on the Oberflä surface of the capillary attack.
  • FIG. 2 d shows, by way of example, an embodiment with two strip-shaped bending mode actuators arranged in mirror image on a plane with respect to the capillaries. For a more stable arrangement, which allow only axial movements of the capillary, it is advantageous to provide this arrangement on the capillary a second time parallel to another.
  • the actuator is configured as a shear oscillator actuator 23, for example a piezoelectric shear-type transducer. It is fixed to the side of the capillaries 4 or as shown on the separate receptacle 9 for the capillary 4 (eg glued). On the other hand, it is fixed on the part of the printhead housing on a jump 17 ago. Shown is an embodiment with egg nem single shear vibration actuator, wherein further embodiments with two or more such actuators are conceivable, the more preferably evenly, ie are arranged at a uniform angle to each other around the capillary.
  • the suspension of the capillary in the printhead housing takes place in example with coupling gear arrangements with solid or conventional joints in such a way that a primary translation is generated in the capillary direction and the suppression parasi tary translation perpendicular to the capillary as far as possible suppressed or compensated and the Kapilla re as possible moments swinging freely.
  • the suspensions are always designed so that the capillaries used in the elastic elements 28 4 always axially, i. are movable in the direction of the axis of symmetry 3 and the movement through the Ak gates 10 are photographufbar.
  • the actuators 10 - as shown in the illustrated embodiments - preferably directly on the elastic elements 28, deform them and thus call the aforementioned axial displacement of the capillary 4 forth.
  • the elastic ele ments extend rotationally symmetric or similar and at equal angular intervals to each other around the capillary.
  • the ela-elastic elements 28 in turn have elastic Fest stressesge joints 29 or elastic bending strip 31.
  • a design group is represented by FIGS. 3a to c. It provides in each case at least two identically gestal tete and the capillary 4 oriented elastic elements 28 before, which are preferably designed as a framework, the truss elements with each other and preferably about an axis against each other pivotally designed with joints, preferably the aforementioned elastic solid joints 29 are connected.
  • the actuators 10 are preferably piezoelectric ring actuators (eg annular translation actuator 19) or individual actuators, which are each arranged pillar with the elastic elements around the Ka.
  • FIG. 3a shows an embodiment with an axially acting on the capillary and on a projection 17 around the capillary arranged actuator, preferably an annular d31 actuator.
  • This preferably acts axially on each of a first solid body joint designed as Parallellogramm Entry with four truss elements elastic elements which are hinged on a truss element with two elastic solid 29 on one side firmly into the printhead housing 1 and another, the first opposite arranged truss element with two other elastic solid joints 29 are connected to the in the printhead housing axially movable bare capillary.
  • 3b shows a further embodiment of a suspension of the capillary with elastic elements, each comprising a series circuit of a Parallellogramm Entry and another quadrangular framework with four truss elements.
  • 3 c shows an embodiment of an elastic element with five elastic solid-state joints, wherein two of the solid-state joints are arranged in axial sequence on the capillary or in radial order on a projection on the inner wall of the print head housing and the fifth solid-body joint in turn via the actuator radially to the Kapil lare can be controlled and moved.
  • the annular translation actuator 19 is firmly inserted into the printhead housing 1 and oriented in its Hubaus direction radially to the capillary.
  • FIG. 3b and c represent so exemplary embodiments in which ra diale positioning movements are deflected by an actuator in axial capillaries movements.
  • FIG. 3 d represents an exemplary embodiment in which the capillary 4 in the print head housing is inserted and guided axially movably axially by two preferably rotationally symmetrical and / or prestressed disk spring elements 30 which form the elastic elements.
  • One of these Tellerfe deretti is axially to the capillary by a Ringaktor, preferably an annular d31 actuator, biased and deflected, the arrangement of the Ringaktors on a jump before 17 to the capillary as described in Fig.3a.
  • 3e shows a further exemplary embodiment in which the capillary 4 in the print head housing axially by three ela-elastic bending strip 31 (alternatively bending plate elements), which form the elastic elements, and axially movable is inserted and guided.
  • two of the bending strips preferably serve only the parallel guidance of the Kapil lare, while at least one third bending strip preference as configured as an actuator or can be controlled by an actuator for exciting a capillary movement.
  • at least one of these bending strips is coated with a piezoe lektrischen material and forms with this a bimorph bending actuator, via which the capillary is axially movable.
  • the abovementioned embodiments, in particular the receptacles 9 shown in FIGS. 1 a and b and FIGS. 2 a to e preferably comprise clamping means for the capillary 4, which permit axial withdrawal of the capillary in the proximal direction, ie away from the outlet opening.
  • the clamping means are preferably by a slotted pre-tensioned around the capillary tube element, alternatively by resilient inserts in the tube, two mutually acting clamping elements for the capillary or by an elastic element with a dimensioned as a press fit hole for the capillary staltet.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary arrangement of a capillary 4 in a receptacle 9, wherein for accurate adjustability, the capillary shown has a collar 24 (preferably elevation on the capillary or on the capillary fixed ring) as a stop. This makes it possible to achieve insertion of the capillary into a reproducible position in the receptacle.
  • An embodiment provides an additionally fixed to the capillary, and this mechanical protection tube shell, with or without the aforementioned collar, at which recording attacks.
  • FIGS. 5a to 5d show a schematic sectional view of a possible arrangement of a capillary 4 in a receptacle 9 designed with clamping means
  • FIGS. 5a and b each show an embodiment with four or three contact lines 25, FIG. 5c with a contact line 25 and a contact surface 26 and Fig.5d an embodiment only with a con tact surface 26.
  • the bias is as shown via elastic tie rods 27, such as adjustable via elastic expansion screws.
  • Other combinations, such as Ausgestal lines with two opposite contact surfaces or with elastic intermediate elements (for example, elastomers) are expressly mentioned. Clamping over contact surfaces is particularly important for capillaries of brittle materials such as e.g. Glass more gentle than a clamping over contact lines, but requires to avoiduralsingsularmaschineen in the capillary a more accurate and therefore more complex

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une tête d'impression, comprenant un capillaire (4) adjacent à au moins un élément élastique (7) autour d'un axe de symétrie (3) pour un liquide d'impression comprenant un orifice de buse (5), qui aboutit dans une préchambre (8), la préchambre comprenant une ouverture de sortie (2) s'étendant dans son alignement axial de l'axe de symétrie (3) vers l'orifice de buse du capillaire et au moins une ouverture d'entrée (11) pour un gaz de guidage (13), l'au moins un élément élastique formant un guidage pour le capillaire dans son alignement axial uniquement ainsi que des moyens d'alimentation (12) pour le liquide d'impression dans le capillaire. L'objet consiste à proposer une tête d'impression qui soit aussi particulièrement adaptée à l'impression de structures tridimensionnelles.L'objet est satisfait par une tête d'impression dans laquelle sont prévus un système d'oscillation mécanique, comprenant l'au moins un élément élastique (7) et le capillaire (4) avec le fluide d'impression ainsi qu'un actionneur (10) avec une interaction de force mécanique ou magnétique avec le système d'oscillation.
EP19706369.6A 2018-02-12 2019-02-08 Tête d'impression et procédé d'impression Active EP3752365B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018103049.5A DE102018103049A1 (de) 2018-02-12 2018-02-12 Druckkopf und Druckverfahren
PCT/EP2019/000036 WO2019154558A1 (fr) 2018-02-12 2019-02-08 Tête d'impression et procédé d'impression

Publications (2)

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EP3752365A1 true EP3752365A1 (fr) 2020-12-23
EP3752365B1 EP3752365B1 (fr) 2023-08-09

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EP (1) EP3752365B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018103049A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI3752365T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019154558A1 (fr)

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CN108330061B (zh) * 2018-05-14 2024-02-09 苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院 基于柔性铰链机构的压电超声显微注射装置
US11547993B2 (en) 2018-07-17 2023-01-10 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Droplet ejectors with target media
EP4091717A1 (fr) * 2021-05-18 2022-11-23 Scienion GmbH Procédé et dispositif de distribution de gouttelettes pour distribuer au moins une gouttelette
CN113978132B (zh) * 2021-09-17 2022-08-23 集美大学 一种声泳复合流动聚焦微纳喷印方法及装置
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3752365B1 (fr) 2023-08-09
US11198292B2 (en) 2021-12-14
FI3752365T3 (fi) 2023-11-03
DE102018103049A1 (de) 2019-08-14
WO2019154558A1 (fr) 2019-08-15
US20210046754A1 (en) 2021-02-18

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