EP3743613A1 - Injecteur et dispositif de détection de l'état d'un tel injecteur - Google Patents

Injecteur et dispositif de détection de l'état d'un tel injecteur

Info

Publication number
EP3743613A1
EP3743613A1 EP19702543.0A EP19702543A EP3743613A1 EP 3743613 A1 EP3743613 A1 EP 3743613A1 EP 19702543 A EP19702543 A EP 19702543A EP 3743613 A1 EP3743613 A1 EP 3743613A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injector
nozzle needle
voltage
input line
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19702543.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert SCHÖFBÄNKER
Richard Pirkl
Lorand D'ouvenou
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Liebherr Components Deggendorf GmbH
Original Assignee
Liebherr Components Deggendorf GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liebherr Components Deggendorf GmbH filed Critical Liebherr Components Deggendorf GmbH
Publication of EP3743613A1 publication Critical patent/EP3743613A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D41/2096—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/005—Arrangement of electrical wires and connections, e.g. wire harness, sockets, plugs; Arrangement of electronic control circuits in or on fuel injection apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
    • F02M65/005—Measuring or detecting injection-valve lift, e.g. to determine injection timing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2055—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit with means for determining actual opening or closing time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2058—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit using information of the actual current value
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/2068—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the circuit design or special circuit elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/06—Fuel or fuel supply system parameters
    • F02D2200/063—Lift of the valve needle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
    • F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
    • F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
    • F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
    • F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
    • F02D41/2464—Characteristics of actuators
    • F02D41/2467—Characteristics of actuators for injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/24—Fuel-injection apparatus with sensors
    • F02M2200/242—Displacement sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/24—Fuel-injection apparatus with sensors
    • F02M2200/247—Pressure sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/005—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sensors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an injector and a device for detecting a state of such an injector.
  • injectors also called injectors
  • injectors are typically used in internal combustion engines.
  • the injectors usually operate on a servo principle in which by applying a voltage, an actuator is set in motion and is lifted by a hydraulic or based on the piezo principle translation system, a nozzle needle of the injector from a nozzle needle seat, creating an injection of an under high pressure fuel into a combustion chamber takes place.
  • the basic operating principle of an injector is known to the person skilled in the art and is only partially explained in the present invention.
  • An injector is in principle relatively simple and has two connections for control. As a rule, there are no other connections that provide signals with information about the actual function of the injector.
  • injectors do not behave the same and are subject to varying variations over their lifetime. This is due, for example, to coking effects, wear of the nozzle seat on the injection nozzle, application-dependent return backpressure fluctuations, fluctuating temperatures and other parameters which are not listed. All of these factors can not be measured out and stored as a table in the control unit when manufacturing an injector.
  • Injectors are known from the prior art, which have a control loop and have an additional pressure or vibration sensor.
  • the disadvantage here is that therefore the number of connections on the injector on at least three contacts (previously there were two contacts) increases.
  • the injector for injecting fuel comprises an injector housing, a movable nozzle needle disposed in the injector housing and having a nozzle needle tip, and a nozzle needle seat for receiving the nozzle needle tip, wherein a contact pair of the nozzle needle and nozzle needle seat generates a mechanical switch which occupies a closed state upon contact of the nozzle needle tip with the nozzle needle seat and an open position when the contact is broken, the injector via an input line and an output line for driving a Movement of the nozzle needle has, and the switch has a first port and a second port.
  • the injector is characterized in that the first terminal of the switch is connected to the input line, and the second terminal of the switch is connected to the injector housing.
  • the mechanical switch therefore results from the nozzle needle seat and the nozzle needle, which - depending on the state of the injector - touch each other or not.
  • the switch can be realized by contact pairing of needle tip and needle seat.
  • the injector described above has a switchable in dependence on the injection state of the injector switch, which communicates with one of its connections directly to the injector housing.
  • the other terminal of the switch is connected to the input line for driving a movement of the nozzle needle, so that not more than two lines (input line and output line) must be arranged in a plug of the injector.
  • a resistor is connected between the first terminal of the switch and the input line and / or the second terminal and the injector housing.
  • This typically high-impedance resistor in a closed switch state causes a small amount of current to flow through the injector housing towards ground.
  • this resistance serves to cause some voltage to drop across it when the switch is in a closed state.
  • it is possible to achieve such a resistance by adequately coating the injector housing at least at the contact points which come into contact with the engine block, so that it is not necessary to insert a resistor in the above-mentioned lines.
  • this connection is "inherently" realized by the nozzle steel.
  • the injector fitting in the cylinder head can result in a ground connection between the nozzle steel and the engine block up to the ground connection on the control unit or battery.
  • the circuit can be closed.
  • the input line and the output line are connected to an electromagnet or a piezoelectric element, wherein preferably the electromagnet or the piezoelectric element causes a lifting of the nozzle needle tip from the nozzle needle seat when subjected to current conducted via the input line and the output line. By such lifting, fuel is injected under high pressure into a combustion chamber when the injector is in operation.
  • a plug of the injector is bipolar and has the input line and the output line. Preferably, there are no further lines for a state detection in the plug.
  • the injector housing is made of an electrically conductive material.
  • the present invention also relates to a device for condition detection of an injector, which is designed according to one of the variations described above.
  • This device is designed to apply a diagnostic voltage and / or a diagnostic current to the input line leading into the injector housing, and a voltage curve on the input line to detect and / or detect a differential current between the input line and the output line.
  • the mechanical switch of the injector changes state depending on whether the nozzle needle tip contacts its associated nozzle needle seat or not. If there is no contact between the nozzle needle tip and the nozzle needle seat, fuel will flow out of the injector. When contacting the nozzle needle tip with its nozzle needle seat all outlet openings are closed for fuel, so there is no leakage of fuel from the injector.
  • the switch state in the injector By detecting a voltage waveform on the input line or detecting a differential current between the input line and the output line can be detected in a simple manner, the switch state in the injector. This allows conclusions about the exact time of opening and closing of the fuel outlet opening of the injector.
  • the diagnostic voltage is applied via a voltage source or a current source. This is preferably done by interposing a resistor between the input line and a voltage, in particular a supply voltage. Typically, a movement of the nozzle needle is caused by acting on the electromagnet or the piezoelectric element with the supply voltage.
  • a diagnosis voltage or a diagnostic current can be supplied to the input line of the injector via a resistor or a current source independently of the drive state of the injector.
  • the diagnostic voltage or the diagnostic current can be used to detect the state of the mechanical switch in the injector. One is therefore not dependent on the direct application of the supply voltage.
  • the diagnostic current or the current resulting from the application of the diagnostic voltage is very small the current required to control a movement of the nozzle needle, namely less than or equal to one-tenth, preferably less than or equal to one-hundredth, and more preferably less than or equal to one-thousandth of the current for driving.
  • the claimed device further comprises a means for detecting voltage to detect the diagnostic voltage on the input line of the injector. Furthermore, it may be advantageous if the claimed device further comprises a means for differential current determination to determine a current flowing between the input line and the output line differential current.
  • the device is designed to detect a start and / or end of a break in the contact of the nozzle needle to its nozzle needle seat based on the detected voltage waveform and / or the detected differential current.
  • the beginning and the end of an injection timing which are defined by the lifting of the nozzle needle tip from its nozzle needle seat and the return to the seat, can be determined very accurately.
  • the injector housing is connected to the ground potential. This is typically done via an engine block with which an injector interacts during its intended use.
  • the invention further comprises an internal combustion engine with an injector according to one of the variants discussed above and a device according to the variants discussed above. Further included in the invention is a motor vehicle having the above-defined internal combustion engine. Further advantages, details and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the figures. Showing:
  • FIG. 4 shows a first embodiment of a device for detecting a
  • FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment of the device for detecting a
  • FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment for detecting a state of
  • FIG. 1 shows an injector in a schematic diagram, as it is known from the prior art.
  • the injector 100 in this case has a housing 102, in which a means 108 for moving a nozzle needle from its associated nozzle needle seat is present.
  • a mechanical switch 103 is arranged, which assumes a closed state upon contact of the nozzle needle with the nozzle needle seat and an open state upon interruption of this contact.
  • an input line 104 and an output line 105 which are connected to the means 108 for moving the nozzle needle.
  • the two contacts 106, 107 of the switch 103 are also led out of the injector housing 102.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the injector 1 according to the invention, which has an injector housing 2, an inlet line 4 leading into the injector housing 2 and an outlet line 5 leading out of the injector housing 2.
  • an actuator 8 is provided for driving a nozzle needle, which may be, for example, an electromagnet or a piezoelectric element.
  • a mechanical switch 3 in the injector 1 which works in conjunction with the movement of the nozzle needle of the injector 1. If the nozzle needle lifted from its seat and released the nozzle for injection, the integrated switch 3 opens its contact. In contrast, the contact is also closed when closing the needle.
  • a first terminal 6 of the switch 3 is connected via a resistor R2 to the input line 4.
  • the second terminal 7 of the switch 3 is electrically connected to the injector 2, which is typically equated with ground potential 9 in operation.
  • the information as to whether the needle lift switch 3 is closed or open, and thus whether the injection is made or not, is indicated by an additional power consumption in the injector. Unlike the prior art embodiment, no contact of the switch is directly accessible in the present application. Further, the resistor R2 serves to limit the current through the contact to a minimum required level.
  • the injector When the injector is activated, a voltage is applied to the input line 4 and the input line 5, which leads to the nozzle needle being actuated via the actuator 8, which can be embodied as an electromagnet or as a piezo element is set in motion indirectly. The needle lifts out of its seat and thus opens the contact. As a result, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber.
  • the current flowing into the injector is compared with the outflowing current. If the switch 3 is closed, slightly more current flows into the injector 1 at one of the connections than beyond the second connection. This is because part of the current flows through switch 3 directly to ground 9. This makes it easy to detect whether the switch is closed or not.
  • FIG. 3 shows the temporal relationship between an application of an injector voltage (diagram D3), a needle movement (diagram D2), and the state of the switch (diagram D1).
  • a voltage is applied to it.
  • the nozzle needle is driven indirectly by an electromagnet or a piezo in motion.
  • the needle lifts out of its seat and thus opens the contact.
  • fuel is injected into the combustion chamber.
  • the voltage at the injector is removed again, the movements are reversed.
  • the needle returns to its seat, the fuel flow is interrupted and the contact closes again. Due to the inertia of the system, which can be seen in FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows an interaction of the device 10 according to the invention with the injector 1.
  • the opening and closing of the nozzle needle is detected via the voltage potential at the actuator 8 (solenoid valve coil or the like) after the current has been supplied or during a current supply.
  • the actuator 8 solenoid valve coil or the like
  • a flyback voltage is applied to the injector. It is necessary to connect this voltage to the pin of the injector 1, on which also the internal resistor R2 connected. In the present case this is the input line 4. Only in this way can the desired function be achieved.
  • This voltage can be generated either from an active current source 11 or simply through a resistor R1 (see Fig. 5). It is decided that the current Idiag is very low compared to the actual current i in j for the injector drive in order not to impair the function of the injector 1.
  • the injector has only two terminals 4, 5, one of which (namely the input line 4) via a resistor R2 to the
  • Needle stroke switch 3 is connected.
  • the switch 3 is in turn connected with its second terminal 7 to the ground-carrying housing 2 of the injector 1.
  • a certain modified control unit is required.
  • the function of the switch 3 can be advantageously detected by means of an additional voltage which is realized by a resistor R1 in the control unit 10. While the injector 1 is driven, detection of the switch state is not possible.
  • the driving current I in j is several orders of magnitude higher than the measuring current through the switch 3, making detection impossible.
  • the voltage at the input line 4 of the injector 1 changes by less than one-thousandth on actuation of the switch 3. This change in a simple way to detect and to distinguish reliably from a fault is not possible without undue effort.
  • the injector 1 If, on the other hand, the injector 1 is "switched off", that is to say the injection is ended, the needle does not immediately fall back into its seat, but does so only with some delay, as can be seen from FIG. 3 (compare diagram D2).
  • the Nadelhubschalter 3 remains first opened and resistor R2 exerts so no influence on the circuit in the controller 10 from.
  • resistor R2 On the input line 4 of the injector 1 can be measured in this time window via resistor R1, the full diagnostic voltage.
  • the resistor R1 in the controller 10 now forms a voltage divider together with the resistor R2 in the injector 1.
  • the voltage on the part of the input line 4 of the injector 1 led out of the injector housing 2 is divided in the ratio (R2 / R1 + R2) and is consequently lower than the applied voltage on R1.
  • This voltage jump from a higher to a lower voltage can be detected in the control unit 10 by a microcontroller pC and obtained as information for signaling the end of an injection. For long injection periods, the beginning of an injection can be via this
  • Auxiliary voltage can not be detected, but this plays a minor role, since it can be detected at short injection periods and thus can be applied to longer injection periods. More important is the timing of the closing of the injector, since this time has a much greater temporal variance. In other words, this point spreads more.
  • the present invention in conjunction with the specially designed injector, which has only two terminal poles.
  • the detection of the start and end of the injection is possible with very short activation times, that is to say in so-called ballistic operation.
  • the movement of the needle takes place so far delayed in such a case that the current flow in the injector 1 has already subsided and the detection of the switch state is possible undisturbed.
  • the particular advantage of this invention is a compatible injector 1. It still requires only two terminal pins and can also be used in applications where the detection function is not used or needed becomes.
  • the integrated switch 3 and resistor R2 do not affect the function of the injector 1 due to the minimum currents of a few milliamperes.
  • the evaluation of the signal on the ECU side is very simple. To generate the diagnostic signal only a single resistor R1 is needed, which generates the required diagnostic voltage. Also, no additional line is required to apply this voltage to the injector 1. In order to detect the voltage surge, no complex circuit is necessary in the control unit 10, since in the simplest case and with skilful design, a digital input of a controller pC or a threshold value switch is sufficient which responds to the two different voltage states. Circuit modules that are influenced by temperature drift or tolerances in the decisive characteristics and thus have a low signal-to-noise ratio are not required. Pure voltage levels with a large voltage difference can be detected very easily and very reliably even with high temperature fluctuations and component tolerances.
  • the invention allows the detection of the injection only after the energization of the injector 1 has ended, which, as described above, is not too great a disadvantage, since the end of an injection is much more relevant and learned at small injection rates injection start is transferable to longer injections. If, however, the opening time should also be recorded during energization of the injector, then the method can be combined with the differential current method.
  • another resistor in the control unit is simply added to the differential current method such that an auxiliary voltage is applied to the injector even in the non-activated state of the injector.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un injecteur (1) destiné à injecter du carburant, comprenant un corps d'injecteur (2), un pointeau mobile, qui est disposé dans le corps d'injecteur (2) et possède une pointe de pointeau, un siège de pointeau destiné à accueillir la pointe de pointeau, et un commutateur mécanique (3) qui adopte un état fermé lors d'un contact de la pointe de pointeau avec le siège de pointeau et un état ouvert lors d'une interruption du contact. L'injecteur (1) dispose d'une ligne d'entrée (4) et d'une ligne de sortie (5) servant à commander un mouvement du pointeau et le commutateur (3) possède une première borne (6) et une deuxième borne (7). L'injecteur (1) est caractérisé en ce que la première borne (6) du commutateur (3) est reliée à la ligne d'entrée (4) et la deuxième borne (6) du commutateur (3) est reliée au corps d'injecteur (2).
EP19702543.0A 2018-01-22 2019-01-22 Injecteur et dispositif de détection de l'état d'un tel injecteur Pending EP3743613A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202018100337.2U DE202018100337U1 (de) 2018-01-22 2018-01-22 Injektor und Vorrichtung zur Zustandserfassung eines solchen Injektors
PCT/EP2019/051464 WO2019141865A1 (fr) 2018-01-22 2019-01-22 Injecteur et dispositif de détection de l'état d'un tel injecteur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3743613A1 true EP3743613A1 (fr) 2020-12-02

Family

ID=65268911

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19702543.0A Pending EP3743613A1 (fr) 2018-01-22 2019-01-22 Injecteur et dispositif de détection de l'état d'un tel injecteur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11555464B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3743613A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN111819350B (fr)
DE (1) DE202018100337U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019141865A1 (fr)

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DE102018125803A1 (de) 2018-10-17 2020-04-23 Liebherr-Components Deggendorf Gmbh Injektor
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DE102020111787A1 (de) * 2020-04-30 2021-11-04 Liebherr-Components Deggendorf Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Zustandserfassung eines Kraftstoffinjektors

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FR3050770B1 (fr) * 2016-04-29 2019-12-20 Delphi Technologies Ip Limited Injecteur de carburant
JP6289579B1 (ja) * 2016-10-20 2018-03-07 三菱電機株式会社 インジェクタ制御装置及びインジェクタ制御方法
AU2017202904A1 (en) * 2017-05-02 2018-11-22 Finch, Garry MR Vehicle servicing equipment and techniques
KR102600576B1 (ko) * 2017-09-12 2023-11-08 포털 인스트루먼츠, 아이앤씨. 회전 모터 기반 경피 주사 장치
DE102018214135A1 (de) * 2018-08-22 2020-02-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Ansteuerung eines Injektors
DE102018221683A1 (de) * 2018-12-13 2020-06-18 Hyundai Motor Company Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems eines Kraftfahrzeugs und Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem

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DE202018100337U1 (de) 2019-04-24
CN111819350A (zh) 2020-10-23
CN111819350B (zh) 2023-04-28
US11555464B2 (en) 2023-01-17
US20210156326A1 (en) 2021-05-27

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