EP3724379B1 - System zum raffinieren von pflanzlichen fasern durch dampfexplosion und entsprechendes raffinationsverfahren - Google Patents

System zum raffinieren von pflanzlichen fasern durch dampfexplosion und entsprechendes raffinationsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3724379B1
EP3724379B1 EP18836284.2A EP18836284A EP3724379B1 EP 3724379 B1 EP3724379 B1 EP 3724379B1 EP 18836284 A EP18836284 A EP 18836284A EP 3724379 B1 EP3724379 B1 EP 3724379B1
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Prior art keywords
chamber
fibres
basket
blow
out unit
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EP18836284.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3724379A1 (de
EP3724379C0 (de
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Daniel Dupont
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La Chanvriere
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La Chanvriere
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
    • D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
    • D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
    • D21B1/30—Defibrating by other means
    • D21B1/36—Explosive disintegration by sudden pressure reduction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of refining plant fibers by steam explosion.
  • Fibers from plants grown for industrial purposes are generally used for food, cosmetics, structural or insulation applications for buildings, fillers in composite materials and in the textile industry.
  • the refining is carried out in a known manner by a chemical treatment in a basic medium in order to degrade the non-cellulose components, in particular the pectins and the lignin which form a natural glue.
  • Chemical refining causes degradation of the cellulosic fiber, in particular by shortening, results in a drop in mechanical properties and has environmental disadvantages.
  • the invention improves the situation.
  • the Applicant has developed a complete, reliable and automatable system and process for refining plant fibers by steam explosion.
  • the invention proposes an industrial system for refining plant fibers by steam explosion, according to claim 1.
  • the system is suitable for mass processing of fibers.
  • the flow may be around 12 tonnes per day with a very low risk of clogging or blockage.
  • the loader comprises a robotic arm capable of loading at least the prechamber with one or more javelins at a time.
  • the charger is designed to charge a single javelin at a time.
  • the robotic arm can move on more than two axes.
  • the charger is capable of charging several prechambers on demand.
  • a funnel chute is installed above the upstream valve.
  • the system comprises a plurality of pre-chambers, equipped with upstream and downstream valves, arranged above said spark gap to supply said spark gap.
  • Each pre-chamber is designed for the pressurization of the fibrous rods.
  • said basket is a drainer.
  • the permeability of the basket allows the liquid to flow as long as the fibers are in said basket.
  • the system comprises a rotating barrel provided with at least the receiving chamber, the wiping chamber, and an unloading chamber.
  • the fiber wringing step is carried out in the reception basket.
  • the barrel offers a reduced size and can be driven in a compact and simple way.
  • the system includes a fibrous plant bale opener and a fibrous plant conditioner in sub-bale density jellies.
  • the javelins are of dimensions adapted to the antechamber and the valves.
  • the antechamber can be provided for two stacked javelins.
  • the liquid collector comprises a recirculation circuit and a settling tank. Sludge can be removed from the settling tank at regular intervals.
  • the spin chamber comprises a rotation basket drive.
  • the basket can be rotated around its vertical axis causing increased separation of liquids and fibers.
  • the system includes a dryer downstream of the dewatering chamber, a card and an additional dryer.
  • the card can be fed with fibers having a chosen moisture content.
  • the material yield of the carding is increased and can exceed 80%, preferably 85%.
  • the invention also proposes an industrial process for refining plant fibers by steam explosion, according to claim 10.
  • the method comprises prior steps of opening the bale of fibrous plant, then bleaching.
  • the fibrous plants or fibrous stems are thus arranged in selected volume and density groups.
  • the process comprises subsequent steps of drying, preferably to bring the moisture content between 15 and 40%, carding and drying. Carding is optimized.
  • the method comprises the steps of energy recovery of the effluents.
  • the fibrous plant is hemp, optionally flax, nettle, ramie, kenaf, miscanthus, jute, agave and sisal.
  • the fibers have a length of between 15 and 30 mm.
  • the fibrous plant is treated with saturated steam at a temperature of at least 130°C, preferably at least 160°C.
  • the fibrous plant is treated with saturated water vapor in two stages, one at a temperature of at least 130°C, the other at a temperature of at least 180°C.
  • the fibrous plant is treated with saturated water vapor in two stages, one at a temperature between 130° C. and 160° C., the other at a temperature between 180° C. and 230°C, preferably between 200 and 220°C.
  • the first stage lasts between 3 and 6 min and the second stage lasts between 4 and 8 min.
  • the pressure is between 2.10 5 and 23.10 5 Pa.
  • the fibers have a xylose content of less than 4%, preferably less than 2%.
  • the fibers have a pectin level of less than 1%, preferably less than 0.9%.
  • the fibers have a lignin content of less than 1%, preferably less than 0.9%.
  • long fiber plants usually plant stems
  • the bales are untied and opened mechanically.
  • the stems of long-fibered plants are placed in bunches or javelins of cylindrical shape held together by a tie, for example a string of the same fibre.
  • Intermediate storage can be provided allowing continuity of production and homogenization of humidity.
  • a robotic arm loads the javelins into a prechamber equipped with an upper valve and a lower valve.
  • Said upper and lower valves have a diameter at least equal to the diameter of the prechamber.
  • the pre-chamber may be in the form of a cylinder of revolution.
  • Several prechambers can be associated with a single reactor body, also called spark gap.
  • the upper and lower valves of the prechamber, in production, are both closed or one open and the other closed.
  • the upper valve is open and the lower valve is closed.
  • the antechamber can contain one or more javelins. Then the upper valve is closed.
  • the antechamber is pressurized.
  • the lower valve opening into the spark gap can then be opened, causing a sudden drop in pressure to atmospheric pressure and the explosion of the fibrous rods into fibres. The explosion of the fibers also results in dust and waste.
  • the spark gap is in the form of a hopper.
  • the spark gap may comprise a cylindrical portion of revolution and a frustoconical portion disposed under the cylindrical portion of revolution.
  • the spark gap is open at the lower end.
  • the spark gap opens at the lower end on a barrel.
  • the spark gap comprises a laundry, for example in the form of a washing ramp. The washing makes it possible, on the one hand, to clean the rods of undesirable dust or impurities, for example resulting from the bursting of the rod, and, on the other hand, to drag the fibers downwards.
  • the washing is carried out under pressure.
  • the barrel comprises several mobile chambers, a first chamber arranged under the spark gap, while a second chamber is in the wiping position and a third chamber in the unloading position.
  • a basket is placed in each room.
  • the basket in the first chamber collects the fibers under the spark gap.
  • a liquid phase is evacuated under the basket.
  • the organic load can be recovered after treatment.
  • the basket in the second chamber holds the fibers while spinning. Spinning can take place by centrifugation.
  • the basket in the third chamber is removed from said third chamber.
  • the fibrous stems can be derived from hemp, flax, nettle, ramie, kenaf, miscanthus, jute, agave and sisal.
  • bales of fibrous stems from long-fibered plants are opened.
  • the bales come from a storage allowing a regularization of the production and a homogenization of the rate of humidity.
  • step 2 the fibrous rods are packaged in circular cylindrical javelins.
  • the cylindrical shape of revolution makes it easy to introduce the javelins into the tubes and optimizes the loading of tubular zones.
  • step 3 the javelins are transported by a conveyor. This step is optional depending on the layout of the machines. Machines mounted in the immediate vicinity make it possible to do without a dedicated conveyor.
  • step 4 the javelins seized by a gripper are presented in an entry chute.
  • the gripper can be carried by a robotic arm.
  • step 5 a javelin disposed in the chute is introduced into a prechamber by opening an inlet valve while an outlet valve is closed.
  • step 6 the introduction valve in the prechamber is closed, the outlet valve remaining closed.
  • step 7 the prechamber is pressurized, for example at a pressure of between 2.10 5 Pa and 23.10 5 Pa.
  • step #8 the outlet valve is open.
  • the pressure in the prechamber drops in less than 500 ms to atmospheric pressure.
  • the fibrous stem bursts into fibers. Pectin and lignin are found in solution.
  • the fibers descend by gravity into the spark gap which comprises a tank.
  • step 9 the prechamber outlet valve is closed after the javelin has descended into the spark gap.
  • the previous steps can then be repeated as the following steps proceed. More precisely, step n°5 can be repeated as soon as step n°9 is finished.
  • Steps 5 to 9 can be executed in parallel in several prechambers supplying a single spark gap. Said execution in parallel can be slightly offset in time so that the openings of the outlet valves are offset by at least a few seconds.
  • step 10 washing the spark gap pulls the fibers down.
  • the spark gap can contain the fibers corresponding to several javelins.
  • step 11 the fibers pass from the bottom of the spark gap to a basket. Dripping occurs. The liquids are recovered in a tank forming the decanter.
  • Step 12 the basket containing the drained fibers passes through a wringing station.
  • Spin-drying can be carried out by centrifugation, in particular by rotating the basket.
  • Step 12 may include a first spin sub-step followed by a second sub-stage spin-drying stage, especially in a higher speed machine. Spinning in two stages separated by a rest period allows for more efficient spin-drying.
  • Step 12 can also include a transfer of the basket loaded with fibers from one machine to another.
  • step 13 the basket containing the dewatered fibers passes through an unloading station.
  • the basket is then emptied of the fibers it contains, by overturning said basket or else by blowing or pushing the fibers.
  • stage n°14 the basket returns under the splitter to be loaded with fibers again, cf stage n°11.
  • step 15 the fibers are dried by bringing them to a humidity level of between 15 and 40%.
  • step 16 the fibers are carded. Carding consists of combing the fibres.
  • step 17 a final drying of the fibers is carried out.
  • step 18 the dried fibers are packaged, for example in bundles.
  • the fiber rod processing plant is intended for the production of fibers for industrial use.
  • the installation comprises a fiber rod supply zone 20 located upstream of a reactor 21, the reactor 21 and a fiber treatment zone 22 located downstream of the reactor. Operators have been depicted to show the scale of the installation, without indicating manual operation.
  • the installation comprises a hall 30 for receiving and storing raw materials, here fibrous rods.
  • the fibrous rods are received in the form of square or parallelepipedic bales 23.
  • the opener 31 cuts the links of the bale and spreads the fibrous stems to reduce their density.
  • a javelin 24 is formed of fibrous rods gathered in a cylinder of revolution.
  • the dimensions of a javelin 24 depend on the dimension of the antechamber. The diameter is chosen according to the diameter of the inlet of the reactor described below.
  • the conveyor 33 is capable of moving the javelins 24 from one point to another of the supply zone 20.
  • the conveyor 33 is elevator.
  • the conveyor 33 can be horizontal or downhill.
  • the conveyor 33 can also form a buffer storage.
  • a storage table 34 Downstream of the conveyor 33, a storage table 34 is installed.
  • the storage table 34 can be motorized to move the javelins 24 forward as needed.
  • the installation comprises a clamp 35 for loading.
  • the gripper 35 can be carried by a robotic arm 36.
  • the gripper 35 is provided for gripping a javelin 24 and for directing it in a suitable direction for entry into the reactor 21.
  • the organs of the installation located in the hall 30 to the robotic arm 36, in the direction from upstream to downstream, are mounted in the supply area 20.
  • the reactor 21 is organized vertically in descent from upstream to downstream.
  • the reactor 21 comprises a frustoconical chute 40 .
  • Chute 40 is installed close to clamp 35.
  • reactor 21 comprises three chutes 40.
  • Chutes 40 have parallel axes.
  • the chutes 40 have a frustoconical upstream portion flared upstream and a cylindrical downstream portion of revolution.
  • a valve 41 is arranged downstream of each chute 40.
  • Valve 41 is liquid and gas tight.
  • the valve 41 has a passage in the open state with a diameter at least equal to the minimum inside diameter of the chute 40. The valve 41 is controlled.
  • the reactor 21 comprises prechambers 42, each associated with a valve 41.
  • the prechamber 42 is in the form of a cylindrical tube of revolution.
  • the diameter of the prechamber 42 is substantially equal to the minimum inside diameter of the chute 40.
  • the prechamber 42 can contain at least one javelin 24, here two.
  • the pre-chamber 42 is equipped with a pressurizing device, for example using steam.
  • a valve 43 is arranged downstream of each prechamber 42.
  • Valve 43 is liquid and gas tight.
  • the valve 43 has a passage in the open state with a diameter at least equal to the minimum internal diameter of the prechamber 42.
  • the valve 43 is controlled.
  • Valve 43 is fast opening (less than 500 ms).
  • the reactor 21 Downstream of the valve 43, the reactor 21 comprises a spark gap 44.
  • the top of the spark gap 44 is pierced with openings closed by the valves 43.
  • the spark gap 44 comprises a central part in the form of a cylinder of revolution arranged under the top and a frustoconical lower part of decreasing diameter downwards.
  • the spark gap 44 can have a volume of between 5 and 20 m 3 .
  • the lower end of the spark gap 44 is open and leads to a multi-chamber rotary barrel 45.
  • the rotation of barrel 45 can be discontinuous.
  • the diameters of the chute 40, of the open valve 41, of the prechamber 42 and of the open valve 43 are equal, facilitating the descent of the treated material: strips of fibrous rods, then fibers.
  • the fibrous stems of the javelins 24 can be introduced into the prechamber 42, the lower valve 43 being closed and the upper valve 41 being open. Then, the upper valve 41 is closed.
  • the fibrous rods, here of hemp, of the javelins 24 can be treated in the prechamber 42 with saturated water vapor for 5 min at 140° C. then for 5 min at 200° C. Fibers with a composition of 69.7% glucose, 3.6% xylose, 0.85% lignin and 0.87% pectin are obtained. The distribution of fiber lengths is in figure 5a .
  • the fibrous rods can be treated with saturated steam for 5 min at 140°C then for 7 min at 220°C. Lignin, pectin and especially xylose levels are reduced. Fibers of composition glucose 73.2%, xylose 1.9%, lignin 0.75% and pectin 0.79% are obtained. By comparison, the composition of hemp fibrous stalk before explosion is 40.1% glucose, 7.9% xylose, 3.2% lignin and 21% pectin. The distribution of fiber lengths is in figure 5b . The fibers are shorter than in the previous mode, in particular the absence of fibers longer than 70 mm and a low rate of fibers longer than 50 mm. The lengths are more homogeneous with a maximum frequency higher by more than 40%.
  • compositions were determined by acid hydrolysis and analysis of simple sugars by ion chromatography. Lignin content was determined gravimetrically. The pectin content was determined by spectroscopic analysis.
  • the prechamber 42 is closed off. Valves 41 and 43 are closed. Then the valve 43 is opened causing a sudden drop in pressure in the pre-chamber 42.
  • the sudden pressure drop causes the fibrous rods to burst into fibers and the release of residues of non-cellulosic components, in particular pectins and lignins serving as a natural glue to a fibrous stem.
  • the fibers from split fibrous rods descend by gravity into the splitter 44.
  • the material yield is between 85 and 90%.
  • washing ramp 46 is activated to wash the spark gap 44 with pressurized water. The washing also helps the fibers to descend towards the bottom of the spark gap 44.
  • the washing water is water without the voluntary addition of soda. Wash water is water from a drinking water supply network.
  • Barrel 45 is provided with a plurality of chambers 47. Chambers 47 are open at both ends. Barrel 45 is rotatable about an axis parallel to the axis of spark gap 44, generally a vertical axis. The number of chambers 47 of the barrel 45 is at least three. Barrel 45 rotates discontinuously. The minimum number of chambers 47 corresponds to the number of active positions also called stations. Each chamber 47 is provided to receive a basket 48 temporarily. The basket 48 can be made of perforated sheet metal or metal wire. The basket 48 retains the fibers and allows the liquids to pass. The fiber receiving chamber 47 is located under the lower end of the spark gap 44.
  • the fibers are drained into the basket 48.
  • the barrel 45 is rotated and an empty basket is presented to the receiving station under the burster 44.
  • the basket 48 filled with fibers is brought at a wringing station.
  • the basket 48 is driven in rotation. By centrifugal effect, an additional quantity of water is extracted from the fibers.
  • the barrel 45 is set in rotation. Barrel 45 brings the dewatered fibers in basket 48 to an unloading station in which basket 48 is extracted from chamber 47 of barrel 45.
  • each chamber corresponds to a station. Simultaneously can be carried out, the loading of a basket of fibers under the spark gap 44 and the draining of the fibers, the spin-drying of fibers in a basket filled with previously drained fibers, and the extraction of a basket of drained fibers out of the chamber 47 as well as the introduction of an empty basket into the chamber 47.
  • a number of chambers 47 greater than three can be provided, in particular to allow additional draining between the station loading and the wringing station, or to allow an empty basket to be introduced into a chamber 47 after the unloading station and before the receiving station.
  • an empty basket reloading station can be provided.
  • barrel 45 comprises at least four chambers 47.
  • the reactor 21 Beneath the receiving chamber 47, the reactor 21 includes a liquid recuperator 49.
  • the liquid recuperator 49 is arranged under the basket 48 and under the spark gap 44.
  • the liquid recuperator 49 comprises a settling tank 50.
  • the settling tank 50 is provided with an upper opening 51 receiving the draining liquids. Between the upper opening 51 and the barrel 45, can be arranged a truncated cone 52 forming a funnel.
  • the settling tank 50 can be in the form of an elongated cylinder with a horizontal axis.
  • the settling tank 50 also receives liquids from the wringing station via a pipe 55.
  • Downstream of the settling tank 50 can be provided a degassing device 53 connected to the top of the settling tank 50.
  • a pipe 54 arranged in the lower part of the settling tank 50 allows the removal of sludge.
  • a degassing orifice connected to a conduit 56 may be provided near the top of the spark gap 44.
  • the conduit 56 is connected to the degassing member 53.
  • the degassing member 53 is common to the spark gap 44 and to the settling tank 50.
  • the basket unloading station containing dewatered fibers is associated with a gripper 60 which grips the basket 48 by bringing it out of the chamber 47.
  • the exit of the basket 48 from the chamber 47 can be carried out by a linear actuator 59 disposed in the lower position and pushing the basket 48 upwards.
  • the basket 48 enters the processing zone 22 downstream.
  • a wringer 61 In the treatment zone 22 is provided a wringer 61.
  • the wringer 61 can be in the form of a rotating drum.
  • the wringer 61 receives a basket 48 loaded with fibers which have already undergone a first wringing in the barrel 45 and intended to undergo a second wringing.
  • the transfer of the basket 48 loaded with fibers from the chamber 47 to the wringer 61 can be carried out by the gripper 60.
  • the gripper 60 can be carried by a lifting robot 62.
  • an unloading machine 63 to unload the fibers from a basket 48.
  • the unloading machine 63 is arranged downstream of the wringer 61.
  • a conveyor 64 can be arranged between the wringer 61 and the unloading machine 63.
  • the unloading machine 63 comprises a gripper 65 carried by a lifting robot 66 to move a basket loaded with fibers at least in a vertical plane, and an unloading chamber 67 provided to receive the basket 48 loaded with fibers and a thrust 68 acting in the bottom of the unloading chamber 67 pushing the fibers while leaving the basket 48 in place in the unloading chamber 67.
  • the pushing member 68 may comprise an actuator and a plurality of fingers passing through orifices from the bottom of the basket 48.
  • the unloading machine 63 also comprises a pusher 69 with a horizontal axis.
  • the pusher 69 is provided to push the fibers located above the basket 48 towards a conveyor.
  • Pusher 69 may include a linear actuator and a blade or rake. The fibers are then in a pile 25.
  • a second embodiment is illustrated in the figure 4 .
  • the unloading machine 63 comprises a turner 70 of basket 48 loaded with fibres.
  • the turner 70 grabs the basket 48 loaded with fibers and turns it over so that the bottom of the basket 48 is in the upper position and the opening of the basket in the lower position. The fibers then fall from the basket 48 into a pile 25.
  • Conveyor 71 receives fibers from unloading machine 63. Conveyor 71 carries a plurality of piles of fibers. Above the path of the fibers on the conveyor 71, the installation comprises, from upstream to downstream, a first dryer 72 for drying the fibers in heaps 25, a carding machine 73, a second dryer 74 for drying the fibers in heap 25 and a conditioner 75.
  • the first dryer 72 includes a motorized fan.
  • the second dryer 74 can comprise the same elements as the first dryer 72.
  • the carding machine 73 can comprise one or more metal combs to separate and align the fibers positioned in a mat on the conveyor 71.
  • the carding yield is increased for a rate of fiber moisture between 15 and 40%, preferably between 20 and 35%, more preferably between 25 and 34%.
  • Carding dry fibers with a moisture content of between 4 and less than 15% causes part of the fibers to break and therefore generates dust and a shortening of said fibers. It can be interesting to do without post-carding drying. In this case, the carded fibers are packaged directly, in particular with a view to spinning.
  • the conditioner 75 brings together fibers from several piles 25.
  • the conditioner 75 binds the fibers in bundles 26 linked, for example parallelepipedal.
  • the fibers, in particular hemp, have a length of between 15 and 30 mm.
  • the invention offers a physical treatment of fibrous plants to obtain fibres.
  • the treatment is solvent-free, without adding bases.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Industrielles System zur Raffinierung von Pflanzenfasern durch Dampfexplosion, umfassend:
    - eine Vorkammer (42), die mit einer Wasserdampf-Druckbeaufschlagungsvorrichtung ausgestattet ist,
    - eine Ladevorrichtung zum Beladen der Vorkammer (42) mit faserigen Pflanzenbündeln (24),
    - eine Aufplatzvorrichtung (44), die unter der Vorkammer (42) angeordnet ist,
    - ein Ventil (41) stromaufwärts der Vorkammer (42),
    - ein Ventil (43), das im geschlossenen Zustand die Vorkammer (42) und die Aufplatzvorrichtung (44) trennt und einen Durchgang freigibt, dessen Durchmesser mindestens dem Minimum der Durchmesser der Vorkammer (42) und der Aufplatzvorrichtung (44) im geöffneten Zustand entspricht,
    - eine Waschanlage (46), die im Inneren der Aufplatzvorrichtung (44) angeordnet ist, um die Aufplatzvorrichtung zu waschen und die Fasern nach unten zu ziehen,
    - einen beweglichen Korb (48) zum Aufnehmen von Fasern mit einer Position unter der Aufplatzvorrichtung (44) zum Aufnehmen von Fasern,
    - einen Rückgewinnungsvorrichtung (49) für Flüssigkeiten, die unter dem Korb (48) und unter der Aufplatzvorrichtung (44) angeordnet ist,
    - eine Aufnahmekammer, die den mit Fasern beladenen Korb (48) aufnimmt,
    - eine Schleuderkammer zum Schleudern der Fasern.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Ladevorrichtung einen Roboterarm (36) umfasst, der ausgelegt ist, zumindest die Vorkammer (42) mit einem oder mehreren Bündeln (24) gleichzeitig zu beladen.
  3. System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, das eine Vielzahl von Vorkammern (42) umfasst, die oberhalb der Aufplatzvorrichtung (44) zum Versorgen der Aufplatzvorrichtung (44) angeordnet sind.
  4. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Korb (48) ein Abtropfgestell ist.
  5. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend eine Drehschleuse (45), die mindestens mit der Aufnahmekammer, der Schleuderkammer und einer Entladekammer vorgesehen ist.
  6. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend eine Öffnungsvorrichtung (31) für Faserpflanzenballen und eine Aufbereitungsvorrichtung (32) für Faserpflanzen in Bündeln (24) mit geringerer Dichte als die Ballen.
  7. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Rückgewinnungsvorrichtung (49) für Flüssigkeiten einen Rezirkulationskreislauf und einen Absetzbehälter (50) umfasst.
  8. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Schleuderkammer einen Drehantrieb für den Korb (48) umfasst.
  9. System nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend einen der Schleuderkammer nachgeschalteten Trockner (72), eine Karde (73) und einen zusätzlichen Trockner (74).
  10. Industrielles Verfahren zur Raffinierung von Pflanzenfasern durch Dampfexplosion, umfassend die folgenden Schritte:
    - Beladen einer Vorkammer (42) mit Bündeln (24) von Faserpflanzen,
    - Druckbeaufschlagen der Faserpflanzen in der Vorkammer (42) mit Wasserdampf, wobei ein Einlassventil in der Vorkammer und ein Auslassventil (43) geschlossen sind,
    - Druckentlasten durch Öffnen des Auslassventils (43) zu einer unter der Vorkammer (42) angeordneten Aufplatzvorrichtung (44), was zum Aufplatzen der Fasern der Faserpflanze führt,
    - Übertragen der von den Faserpflanzen abgegebenen Fasern in die Aufplatzvorrichtung (44),
    - Waschen der Aufplatzvorrichtung (44) en dabei Ziehen der Fasern nach unten,
    - Übertragen der Fasern in einen beweglichen Korb (48) zum Aufnehmen von Fasern,
    - Rückgewinnen von Flüssigkeiten mittels Schwerkraft unter dem Korb (48) und unter der Aufplatzvorrichtung (44),
    - Schleudern der Fasern.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, umfassend vorherige Schritte des Öffnens des Faserpflanzenballens und dann des Einbringens in Bündeln (24).
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, umfassend nachfolgende Schritte des Trocknens, vorzugsweise um den Feuchtigkeitsgehalt zwischen 15 und 40 % zu bringen, des Kardierens und des Trocknens.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, 11 oder 12, wobei die Faserpflanze mit gesättigtem Wasserdampf bei einer Temperatur von mindestens 130 °C, vorzugsweise mindestens 160 °C, verarbeitet wird.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, wobei die Faserpflanze in zwei Stufen mit gesättigtem Wasserdampf verarbeitet wird, nämlich in einer bei einer Temperatur von mindestens 130 °C, vorzugsweise höchstens 160 °C, und in der anderen bei einer Temperatur von mindestens 180 °C, vorzugsweise höchstens 230 °C, wobei die erste Stufe zwischen 3 und 6 Min dauert und die zweite Stufe zwischen 4 und 8 Min dauert.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, wobei die erste Stufe zwischen 3 und 6 Min dauert und die zweite Stufe zwischen 4 und 8 Min dauert.
EP18836284.2A 2017-12-19 2018-12-18 System zum raffinieren von pflanzlichen fasern durch dampfexplosion und entsprechendes raffinationsverfahren Active EP3724379B1 (de)

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FR1762418A FR3075226B1 (fr) 2017-12-19 2017-12-19 Procede d'affinage de fibres vegetales par explosion de vapeur
PCT/FR2018/053381 WO2019122694A1 (fr) 2017-12-19 2018-12-18 Procede d'affinage de fibres vegetales par explosion de vapeur

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CN113091443B (zh) * 2021-04-27 2022-05-24 中国矿业大学 一种褐煤瞬态脱水提质及温压瞬发装置系统

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JP2005273047A (ja) * 2004-03-23 2005-10-06 Yasujima:Kk 砂糖キビ等の爆砕処理による繊維化方法
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EP3724379A1 (de) 2020-10-21
FR3075226A1 (fr) 2019-06-21
FR3075226B1 (fr) 2019-11-22
ES2955332T3 (es) 2023-11-30
WO2019122694A1 (fr) 2019-06-27
CN111801447A (zh) 2020-10-20
CN111801447B (zh) 2022-10-28
EP3724379C0 (de) 2023-06-07
CA3086378A1 (fr) 2019-06-27
US11111604B2 (en) 2021-09-07
US20200347548A1 (en) 2020-11-05

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