EP3724379B1 - System for refining vegetal fibres by vapour explosion and corresponding refining method - Google Patents

System for refining vegetal fibres by vapour explosion and corresponding refining method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3724379B1
EP3724379B1 EP18836284.2A EP18836284A EP3724379B1 EP 3724379 B1 EP3724379 B1 EP 3724379B1 EP 18836284 A EP18836284 A EP 18836284A EP 3724379 B1 EP3724379 B1 EP 3724379B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
fibres
basket
blow
out unit
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EP18836284.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3724379C0 (en
EP3724379A1 (en
Inventor
Daniel Dupont
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La Chanvriere
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La Chanvriere
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B1/00—Mechanical separation of fibres from plant material, e.g. seeds, leaves, stalks
    • D01B1/10—Separating vegetable fibres from stalks or leaves
    • D01B1/14—Breaking or scutching, e.g. of flax; Decorticating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
    • D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
    • D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
    • D21B1/30—Defibrating by other means
    • D21B1/36—Explosive disintegration by sudden pressure reduction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of refining plant fibers by steam explosion.
  • Fibers from plants grown for industrial purposes are generally used for food, cosmetics, structural or insulation applications for buildings, fillers in composite materials and in the textile industry.
  • the refining is carried out in a known manner by a chemical treatment in a basic medium in order to degrade the non-cellulose components, in particular the pectins and the lignin which form a natural glue.
  • Chemical refining causes degradation of the cellulosic fiber, in particular by shortening, results in a drop in mechanical properties and has environmental disadvantages.
  • the invention improves the situation.
  • the Applicant has developed a complete, reliable and automatable system and process for refining plant fibers by steam explosion.
  • the invention proposes an industrial system for refining plant fibers by steam explosion, according to claim 1.
  • the system is suitable for mass processing of fibers.
  • the flow may be around 12 tonnes per day with a very low risk of clogging or blockage.
  • the loader comprises a robotic arm capable of loading at least the prechamber with one or more javelins at a time.
  • the charger is designed to charge a single javelin at a time.
  • the robotic arm can move on more than two axes.
  • the charger is capable of charging several prechambers on demand.
  • a funnel chute is installed above the upstream valve.
  • the system comprises a plurality of pre-chambers, equipped with upstream and downstream valves, arranged above said spark gap to supply said spark gap.
  • Each pre-chamber is designed for the pressurization of the fibrous rods.
  • said basket is a drainer.
  • the permeability of the basket allows the liquid to flow as long as the fibers are in said basket.
  • the system comprises a rotating barrel provided with at least the receiving chamber, the wiping chamber, and an unloading chamber.
  • the fiber wringing step is carried out in the reception basket.
  • the barrel offers a reduced size and can be driven in a compact and simple way.
  • the system includes a fibrous plant bale opener and a fibrous plant conditioner in sub-bale density jellies.
  • the javelins are of dimensions adapted to the antechamber and the valves.
  • the antechamber can be provided for two stacked javelins.
  • the liquid collector comprises a recirculation circuit and a settling tank. Sludge can be removed from the settling tank at regular intervals.
  • the spin chamber comprises a rotation basket drive.
  • the basket can be rotated around its vertical axis causing increased separation of liquids and fibers.
  • the system includes a dryer downstream of the dewatering chamber, a card and an additional dryer.
  • the card can be fed with fibers having a chosen moisture content.
  • the material yield of the carding is increased and can exceed 80%, preferably 85%.
  • the invention also proposes an industrial process for refining plant fibers by steam explosion, according to claim 10.
  • the method comprises prior steps of opening the bale of fibrous plant, then bleaching.
  • the fibrous plants or fibrous stems are thus arranged in selected volume and density groups.
  • the process comprises subsequent steps of drying, preferably to bring the moisture content between 15 and 40%, carding and drying. Carding is optimized.
  • the method comprises the steps of energy recovery of the effluents.
  • the fibrous plant is hemp, optionally flax, nettle, ramie, kenaf, miscanthus, jute, agave and sisal.
  • the fibers have a length of between 15 and 30 mm.
  • the fibrous plant is treated with saturated steam at a temperature of at least 130°C, preferably at least 160°C.
  • the fibrous plant is treated with saturated water vapor in two stages, one at a temperature of at least 130°C, the other at a temperature of at least 180°C.
  • the fibrous plant is treated with saturated water vapor in two stages, one at a temperature between 130° C. and 160° C., the other at a temperature between 180° C. and 230°C, preferably between 200 and 220°C.
  • the first stage lasts between 3 and 6 min and the second stage lasts between 4 and 8 min.
  • the pressure is between 2.10 5 and 23.10 5 Pa.
  • the fibers have a xylose content of less than 4%, preferably less than 2%.
  • the fibers have a pectin level of less than 1%, preferably less than 0.9%.
  • the fibers have a lignin content of less than 1%, preferably less than 0.9%.
  • long fiber plants usually plant stems
  • the bales are untied and opened mechanically.
  • the stems of long-fibered plants are placed in bunches or javelins of cylindrical shape held together by a tie, for example a string of the same fibre.
  • Intermediate storage can be provided allowing continuity of production and homogenization of humidity.
  • a robotic arm loads the javelins into a prechamber equipped with an upper valve and a lower valve.
  • Said upper and lower valves have a diameter at least equal to the diameter of the prechamber.
  • the pre-chamber may be in the form of a cylinder of revolution.
  • Several prechambers can be associated with a single reactor body, also called spark gap.
  • the upper and lower valves of the prechamber, in production, are both closed or one open and the other closed.
  • the upper valve is open and the lower valve is closed.
  • the antechamber can contain one or more javelins. Then the upper valve is closed.
  • the antechamber is pressurized.
  • the lower valve opening into the spark gap can then be opened, causing a sudden drop in pressure to atmospheric pressure and the explosion of the fibrous rods into fibres. The explosion of the fibers also results in dust and waste.
  • the spark gap is in the form of a hopper.
  • the spark gap may comprise a cylindrical portion of revolution and a frustoconical portion disposed under the cylindrical portion of revolution.
  • the spark gap is open at the lower end.
  • the spark gap opens at the lower end on a barrel.
  • the spark gap comprises a laundry, for example in the form of a washing ramp. The washing makes it possible, on the one hand, to clean the rods of undesirable dust or impurities, for example resulting from the bursting of the rod, and, on the other hand, to drag the fibers downwards.
  • the washing is carried out under pressure.
  • the barrel comprises several mobile chambers, a first chamber arranged under the spark gap, while a second chamber is in the wiping position and a third chamber in the unloading position.
  • a basket is placed in each room.
  • the basket in the first chamber collects the fibers under the spark gap.
  • a liquid phase is evacuated under the basket.
  • the organic load can be recovered after treatment.
  • the basket in the second chamber holds the fibers while spinning. Spinning can take place by centrifugation.
  • the basket in the third chamber is removed from said third chamber.
  • the fibrous stems can be derived from hemp, flax, nettle, ramie, kenaf, miscanthus, jute, agave and sisal.
  • bales of fibrous stems from long-fibered plants are opened.
  • the bales come from a storage allowing a regularization of the production and a homogenization of the rate of humidity.
  • step 2 the fibrous rods are packaged in circular cylindrical javelins.
  • the cylindrical shape of revolution makes it easy to introduce the javelins into the tubes and optimizes the loading of tubular zones.
  • step 3 the javelins are transported by a conveyor. This step is optional depending on the layout of the machines. Machines mounted in the immediate vicinity make it possible to do without a dedicated conveyor.
  • step 4 the javelins seized by a gripper are presented in an entry chute.
  • the gripper can be carried by a robotic arm.
  • step 5 a javelin disposed in the chute is introduced into a prechamber by opening an inlet valve while an outlet valve is closed.
  • step 6 the introduction valve in the prechamber is closed, the outlet valve remaining closed.
  • step 7 the prechamber is pressurized, for example at a pressure of between 2.10 5 Pa and 23.10 5 Pa.
  • step #8 the outlet valve is open.
  • the pressure in the prechamber drops in less than 500 ms to atmospheric pressure.
  • the fibrous stem bursts into fibers. Pectin and lignin are found in solution.
  • the fibers descend by gravity into the spark gap which comprises a tank.
  • step 9 the prechamber outlet valve is closed after the javelin has descended into the spark gap.
  • the previous steps can then be repeated as the following steps proceed. More precisely, step n°5 can be repeated as soon as step n°9 is finished.
  • Steps 5 to 9 can be executed in parallel in several prechambers supplying a single spark gap. Said execution in parallel can be slightly offset in time so that the openings of the outlet valves are offset by at least a few seconds.
  • step 10 washing the spark gap pulls the fibers down.
  • the spark gap can contain the fibers corresponding to several javelins.
  • step 11 the fibers pass from the bottom of the spark gap to a basket. Dripping occurs. The liquids are recovered in a tank forming the decanter.
  • Step 12 the basket containing the drained fibers passes through a wringing station.
  • Spin-drying can be carried out by centrifugation, in particular by rotating the basket.
  • Step 12 may include a first spin sub-step followed by a second sub-stage spin-drying stage, especially in a higher speed machine. Spinning in two stages separated by a rest period allows for more efficient spin-drying.
  • Step 12 can also include a transfer of the basket loaded with fibers from one machine to another.
  • step 13 the basket containing the dewatered fibers passes through an unloading station.
  • the basket is then emptied of the fibers it contains, by overturning said basket or else by blowing or pushing the fibers.
  • stage n°14 the basket returns under the splitter to be loaded with fibers again, cf stage n°11.
  • step 15 the fibers are dried by bringing them to a humidity level of between 15 and 40%.
  • step 16 the fibers are carded. Carding consists of combing the fibres.
  • step 17 a final drying of the fibers is carried out.
  • step 18 the dried fibers are packaged, for example in bundles.
  • the fiber rod processing plant is intended for the production of fibers for industrial use.
  • the installation comprises a fiber rod supply zone 20 located upstream of a reactor 21, the reactor 21 and a fiber treatment zone 22 located downstream of the reactor. Operators have been depicted to show the scale of the installation, without indicating manual operation.
  • the installation comprises a hall 30 for receiving and storing raw materials, here fibrous rods.
  • the fibrous rods are received in the form of square or parallelepipedic bales 23.
  • the opener 31 cuts the links of the bale and spreads the fibrous stems to reduce their density.
  • a javelin 24 is formed of fibrous rods gathered in a cylinder of revolution.
  • the dimensions of a javelin 24 depend on the dimension of the antechamber. The diameter is chosen according to the diameter of the inlet of the reactor described below.
  • the conveyor 33 is capable of moving the javelins 24 from one point to another of the supply zone 20.
  • the conveyor 33 is elevator.
  • the conveyor 33 can be horizontal or downhill.
  • the conveyor 33 can also form a buffer storage.
  • a storage table 34 Downstream of the conveyor 33, a storage table 34 is installed.
  • the storage table 34 can be motorized to move the javelins 24 forward as needed.
  • the installation comprises a clamp 35 for loading.
  • the gripper 35 can be carried by a robotic arm 36.
  • the gripper 35 is provided for gripping a javelin 24 and for directing it in a suitable direction for entry into the reactor 21.
  • the organs of the installation located in the hall 30 to the robotic arm 36, in the direction from upstream to downstream, are mounted in the supply area 20.
  • the reactor 21 is organized vertically in descent from upstream to downstream.
  • the reactor 21 comprises a frustoconical chute 40 .
  • Chute 40 is installed close to clamp 35.
  • reactor 21 comprises three chutes 40.
  • Chutes 40 have parallel axes.
  • the chutes 40 have a frustoconical upstream portion flared upstream and a cylindrical downstream portion of revolution.
  • a valve 41 is arranged downstream of each chute 40.
  • Valve 41 is liquid and gas tight.
  • the valve 41 has a passage in the open state with a diameter at least equal to the minimum inside diameter of the chute 40. The valve 41 is controlled.
  • the reactor 21 comprises prechambers 42, each associated with a valve 41.
  • the prechamber 42 is in the form of a cylindrical tube of revolution.
  • the diameter of the prechamber 42 is substantially equal to the minimum inside diameter of the chute 40.
  • the prechamber 42 can contain at least one javelin 24, here two.
  • the pre-chamber 42 is equipped with a pressurizing device, for example using steam.
  • a valve 43 is arranged downstream of each prechamber 42.
  • Valve 43 is liquid and gas tight.
  • the valve 43 has a passage in the open state with a diameter at least equal to the minimum internal diameter of the prechamber 42.
  • the valve 43 is controlled.
  • Valve 43 is fast opening (less than 500 ms).
  • the reactor 21 Downstream of the valve 43, the reactor 21 comprises a spark gap 44.
  • the top of the spark gap 44 is pierced with openings closed by the valves 43.
  • the spark gap 44 comprises a central part in the form of a cylinder of revolution arranged under the top and a frustoconical lower part of decreasing diameter downwards.
  • the spark gap 44 can have a volume of between 5 and 20 m 3 .
  • the lower end of the spark gap 44 is open and leads to a multi-chamber rotary barrel 45.
  • the rotation of barrel 45 can be discontinuous.
  • the diameters of the chute 40, of the open valve 41, of the prechamber 42 and of the open valve 43 are equal, facilitating the descent of the treated material: strips of fibrous rods, then fibers.
  • the fibrous stems of the javelins 24 can be introduced into the prechamber 42, the lower valve 43 being closed and the upper valve 41 being open. Then, the upper valve 41 is closed.
  • the fibrous rods, here of hemp, of the javelins 24 can be treated in the prechamber 42 with saturated water vapor for 5 min at 140° C. then for 5 min at 200° C. Fibers with a composition of 69.7% glucose, 3.6% xylose, 0.85% lignin and 0.87% pectin are obtained. The distribution of fiber lengths is in figure 5a .
  • the fibrous rods can be treated with saturated steam for 5 min at 140°C then for 7 min at 220°C. Lignin, pectin and especially xylose levels are reduced. Fibers of composition glucose 73.2%, xylose 1.9%, lignin 0.75% and pectin 0.79% are obtained. By comparison, the composition of hemp fibrous stalk before explosion is 40.1% glucose, 7.9% xylose, 3.2% lignin and 21% pectin. The distribution of fiber lengths is in figure 5b . The fibers are shorter than in the previous mode, in particular the absence of fibers longer than 70 mm and a low rate of fibers longer than 50 mm. The lengths are more homogeneous with a maximum frequency higher by more than 40%.
  • compositions were determined by acid hydrolysis and analysis of simple sugars by ion chromatography. Lignin content was determined gravimetrically. The pectin content was determined by spectroscopic analysis.
  • the prechamber 42 is closed off. Valves 41 and 43 are closed. Then the valve 43 is opened causing a sudden drop in pressure in the pre-chamber 42.
  • the sudden pressure drop causes the fibrous rods to burst into fibers and the release of residues of non-cellulosic components, in particular pectins and lignins serving as a natural glue to a fibrous stem.
  • the fibers from split fibrous rods descend by gravity into the splitter 44.
  • the material yield is between 85 and 90%.
  • washing ramp 46 is activated to wash the spark gap 44 with pressurized water. The washing also helps the fibers to descend towards the bottom of the spark gap 44.
  • the washing water is water without the voluntary addition of soda. Wash water is water from a drinking water supply network.
  • Barrel 45 is provided with a plurality of chambers 47. Chambers 47 are open at both ends. Barrel 45 is rotatable about an axis parallel to the axis of spark gap 44, generally a vertical axis. The number of chambers 47 of the barrel 45 is at least three. Barrel 45 rotates discontinuously. The minimum number of chambers 47 corresponds to the number of active positions also called stations. Each chamber 47 is provided to receive a basket 48 temporarily. The basket 48 can be made of perforated sheet metal or metal wire. The basket 48 retains the fibers and allows the liquids to pass. The fiber receiving chamber 47 is located under the lower end of the spark gap 44.
  • the fibers are drained into the basket 48.
  • the barrel 45 is rotated and an empty basket is presented to the receiving station under the burster 44.
  • the basket 48 filled with fibers is brought at a wringing station.
  • the basket 48 is driven in rotation. By centrifugal effect, an additional quantity of water is extracted from the fibers.
  • the barrel 45 is set in rotation. Barrel 45 brings the dewatered fibers in basket 48 to an unloading station in which basket 48 is extracted from chamber 47 of barrel 45.
  • each chamber corresponds to a station. Simultaneously can be carried out, the loading of a basket of fibers under the spark gap 44 and the draining of the fibers, the spin-drying of fibers in a basket filled with previously drained fibers, and the extraction of a basket of drained fibers out of the chamber 47 as well as the introduction of an empty basket into the chamber 47.
  • a number of chambers 47 greater than three can be provided, in particular to allow additional draining between the station loading and the wringing station, or to allow an empty basket to be introduced into a chamber 47 after the unloading station and before the receiving station.
  • an empty basket reloading station can be provided.
  • barrel 45 comprises at least four chambers 47.
  • the reactor 21 Beneath the receiving chamber 47, the reactor 21 includes a liquid recuperator 49.
  • the liquid recuperator 49 is arranged under the basket 48 and under the spark gap 44.
  • the liquid recuperator 49 comprises a settling tank 50.
  • the settling tank 50 is provided with an upper opening 51 receiving the draining liquids. Between the upper opening 51 and the barrel 45, can be arranged a truncated cone 52 forming a funnel.
  • the settling tank 50 can be in the form of an elongated cylinder with a horizontal axis.
  • the settling tank 50 also receives liquids from the wringing station via a pipe 55.
  • Downstream of the settling tank 50 can be provided a degassing device 53 connected to the top of the settling tank 50.
  • a pipe 54 arranged in the lower part of the settling tank 50 allows the removal of sludge.
  • a degassing orifice connected to a conduit 56 may be provided near the top of the spark gap 44.
  • the conduit 56 is connected to the degassing member 53.
  • the degassing member 53 is common to the spark gap 44 and to the settling tank 50.
  • the basket unloading station containing dewatered fibers is associated with a gripper 60 which grips the basket 48 by bringing it out of the chamber 47.
  • the exit of the basket 48 from the chamber 47 can be carried out by a linear actuator 59 disposed in the lower position and pushing the basket 48 upwards.
  • the basket 48 enters the processing zone 22 downstream.
  • a wringer 61 In the treatment zone 22 is provided a wringer 61.
  • the wringer 61 can be in the form of a rotating drum.
  • the wringer 61 receives a basket 48 loaded with fibers which have already undergone a first wringing in the barrel 45 and intended to undergo a second wringing.
  • the transfer of the basket 48 loaded with fibers from the chamber 47 to the wringer 61 can be carried out by the gripper 60.
  • the gripper 60 can be carried by a lifting robot 62.
  • an unloading machine 63 to unload the fibers from a basket 48.
  • the unloading machine 63 is arranged downstream of the wringer 61.
  • a conveyor 64 can be arranged between the wringer 61 and the unloading machine 63.
  • the unloading machine 63 comprises a gripper 65 carried by a lifting robot 66 to move a basket loaded with fibers at least in a vertical plane, and an unloading chamber 67 provided to receive the basket 48 loaded with fibers and a thrust 68 acting in the bottom of the unloading chamber 67 pushing the fibers while leaving the basket 48 in place in the unloading chamber 67.
  • the pushing member 68 may comprise an actuator and a plurality of fingers passing through orifices from the bottom of the basket 48.
  • the unloading machine 63 also comprises a pusher 69 with a horizontal axis.
  • the pusher 69 is provided to push the fibers located above the basket 48 towards a conveyor.
  • Pusher 69 may include a linear actuator and a blade or rake. The fibers are then in a pile 25.
  • a second embodiment is illustrated in the figure 4 .
  • the unloading machine 63 comprises a turner 70 of basket 48 loaded with fibres.
  • the turner 70 grabs the basket 48 loaded with fibers and turns it over so that the bottom of the basket 48 is in the upper position and the opening of the basket in the lower position. The fibers then fall from the basket 48 into a pile 25.
  • Conveyor 71 receives fibers from unloading machine 63. Conveyor 71 carries a plurality of piles of fibers. Above the path of the fibers on the conveyor 71, the installation comprises, from upstream to downstream, a first dryer 72 for drying the fibers in heaps 25, a carding machine 73, a second dryer 74 for drying the fibers in heap 25 and a conditioner 75.
  • the first dryer 72 includes a motorized fan.
  • the second dryer 74 can comprise the same elements as the first dryer 72.
  • the carding machine 73 can comprise one or more metal combs to separate and align the fibers positioned in a mat on the conveyor 71.
  • the carding yield is increased for a rate of fiber moisture between 15 and 40%, preferably between 20 and 35%, more preferably between 25 and 34%.
  • Carding dry fibers with a moisture content of between 4 and less than 15% causes part of the fibers to break and therefore generates dust and a shortening of said fibers. It can be interesting to do without post-carding drying. In this case, the carded fibers are packaged directly, in particular with a view to spinning.
  • the conditioner 75 brings together fibers from several piles 25.
  • the conditioner 75 binds the fibers in bundles 26 linked, for example parallelepipedal.
  • the fibers, in particular hemp, have a length of between 15 and 30 mm.
  • the invention offers a physical treatment of fibrous plants to obtain fibres.
  • the treatment is solvent-free, without adding bases.

Description

L'invention concerne le domaine de l'affinage de fibres végétales par explosion de vapeur.The invention relates to the field of refining plant fibers by steam explosion.

Les documents GB 388 561 A et CN 204 803 675 U divulguent chacun un système industriel et un procédé d'affinage de fibres végétales par explosion de vapeur selon l'état de la technique.The documents GB 388 561 A And CN 204 803 675 U each disclose an industrial system and a process for refining plant fibers by steam explosion according to the state of the art.

L'affinage de fibres dites industrielles ou techniques a pour but de séparer et d'individualiser les fibres qui composent une tige de plante, notamment de chanvre. Les fibres issues de plantes cultivées dans un but industriel sont en général utilisées pour des applications agroalimentaires, cosmétiques, structurales ou d'isolation pour le bâtiment, de charge dans des matériaux composites et dans l'industrie textile.The purpose of refining so-called industrial or technical fibers is to separate and individualize the fibers that make up a plant stem, in particular hemp. Fibers from plants grown for industrial purposes are generally used for food, cosmetics, structural or insulation applications for buildings, fillers in composite materials and in the textile industry.

L'affinage est réalisé de façon connue par un traitement chimique en milieu basique afin de dégrader les composants non cellulosiques, notamment les pectines et la lignine qui forme une colle naturelle. L'affinage chimique provoque une dégradation de la fibre cellulosique, notamment par raccourcissement, se traduit par une baisse des propriétés mécaniques et présente des inconvénients environnementaux.The refining is carried out in a known manner by a chemical treatment in a basic medium in order to degrade the non-cellulose components, in particular the pectins and the lignin which form a natural glue. Chemical refining causes degradation of the cellulosic fiber, in particular by shortening, results in a drop in mechanical properties and has environmental disadvantages.

L'affinage par explosion à la vapeur a été décrit sous deux formes, une forme en traitement lot par lot et une autre forme en continu avec une vis dans laquelle est injectée de la vapeur d'eau. Dans un traitement de la biomasse en vue d'obtenir des biocarburants, les deux formes ont été utilisées.Steam explosion refining has been described in two forms, one in batch processing and another in continuous form with a screw into which steam is injected. In processing biomass to obtain biofuels, both forms have been used.

Toutefois l'obtention de fibres pose d'autres difficultés. Le transfert de fibres longues ou semi-longues par une vanne ou par une vis provoque des colmatages et des blocages qui font chuter la productivité de la machine et nécessitent une interruption de production et une intervention humaine. Ont également été décrites des machines de laboratoire sollicitant fortement la main-d'oeuvre et inaptes à la production industrielle même après une mise à l'échelle.However, obtaining fibers poses other difficulties. The transfer of long or semi-long fibers by a valve or by a screw causes clogging and blockages which reduce the productivity of the machine and require production interruption and human intervention. Also described are laboratory machines that are labor intensive and unsuitable for industrial production even after scaling up.

L'invention vient améliorer la situation.The invention improves the situation.

La Demanderesse a mis au point un système et un procédé complet, fiable et automatisable d'affinage de fibres végétales par explosion à la vapeur.The Applicant has developed a complete, reliable and automatable system and process for refining plant fibers by steam explosion.

L'invention propose un système industriel d'affinage de fibres végétales par explosion de vapeur, selon la revendication 1.The invention proposes an industrial system for refining plant fibers by steam explosion, according to claim 1.

Le système est adapté au traitement en masse de fibres. Le débit peut-être de l'ordre de 12 tonnes par jour avec un risque de colmatage ou de blocage très faible.The system is suitable for mass processing of fibers. The flow may be around 12 tonnes per day with a very low risk of clogging or blockage.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le chargeur comprend un bras robotisé apte à charger au moins la préchambre avec une ou plusieurs javelles à la fois. Préférablement, le chargeur est conçu pour charger une seule javelle à la fois. Le bras robotisé peut-être à déplacement sur plus de deux axes. Le chargeur est apte à charger à la demande plusieurs préchambres.In one embodiment, the loader comprises a robotic arm capable of loading at least the prechamber with one or more javelins at a time. Preferably, the charger is designed to charge a single javelin at a time. The robotic arm can move on more than two axes. The charger is capable of charging several prechambers on demand.

Dans un mode de réalisation, une goulotte entonnoir est installée au-dessus de la vanne amont.In one embodiment, a funnel chute is installed above the upstream valve.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le système comprend une pluralité de préchambres, équipées des vannes amont et aval, disposées au-dessus dudit éclateur pour alimenter ledit éclateur. Chaque préchambre est conçue pour la mise en pression des tiges fibreuses.In one embodiment, the system comprises a plurality of pre-chambers, equipped with upstream and downstream valves, arranged above said spark gap to supply said spark gap. Each pre-chamber is designed for the pressurization of the fibrous rods.

Dans un mode de réalisation, ledit panier est égoutteur. La perméabilité du panier permet au liquide de s'écouler tant que les fibres sont dans ledit panier.In one embodiment, said basket is a drainer. The permeability of the basket allows the liquid to flow as long as the fibers are in said basket.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le système comprend un barillet rotatif pourvu au moins de la chambre de réception, de la chambre d'essorage, et d'une chambre de déchargement. L'étape d'essorage de la fibre est réalisée dans le panier de réception. Le barillet offre un encombrement réduit et peut-être entraîné de manière compacte et simple.In one embodiment, the system comprises a rotating barrel provided with at least the receiving chamber, the wiping chamber, and an unloading chamber. The fiber wringing step is carried out in the reception basket. The barrel offers a reduced size and can be driven in a compact and simple way.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le système comprend une ouvreuse de balles de plante fibreuse et un conditionneur de plante fibreuse en javelles de densité inférieure aux balles. Les javelles sont de dimensions adaptées à la préchambre et aux vannes. La préchambre peut être prévue pour deux javelles superposées.In one embodiment, the system includes a fibrous plant bale opener and a fibrous plant conditioner in sub-bale density jellies. The javelins are of dimensions adapted to the antechamber and the valves. The antechamber can be provided for two stacked javelins.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le récupérateur de liquides comprend un circuit de recirculation et un réservoir de décantation. Les boues peuvent être soutirées du réservoir de décantation à intervalles réguliers.In one embodiment, the liquid collector comprises a recirculation circuit and a settling tank. Sludge can be removed from the settling tank at regular intervals.

Dans un mode de réalisation, la chambre d'essorage comprend un entraînement du panier en rotation. Le panier peut être mis en rotation autour de son axe vertical provoquant une séparation accrue des liquides et des fibres.In one embodiment, the spin chamber comprises a rotation basket drive. The basket can be rotated around its vertical axis causing increased separation of liquids and fibers.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le système comprend un sécheur en aval de la chambre d'essorage, une carde et un sécheur supplémentaire. La carde peut être alimentée en fibres présentant un taux d'humidité choisi. Le rendement matière du cardage est accru et peut dépasser 80 %, préférablement 85 %.In one embodiment, the system includes a dryer downstream of the dewatering chamber, a card and an additional dryer. The card can be fed with fibers having a chosen moisture content. The material yield of the carding is increased and can exceed 80%, preferably 85%.

L'invention propose également un procédé industriel d'affinage de fibres végétales par explosion de vapeur, selon la revendication 10.The invention also proposes an industrial process for refining plant fibers by steam explosion, according to claim 10.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le procédé comprend des étapes préalables d'ouverture de balle de plante fibreuse, puis de mise en javelle. Les plantes fibreuses ou tiges fibreuses sont ainsi disposées par groupes de volume et de densité choisis.In one embodiment, the method comprises prior steps of opening the bale of fibrous plant, then bleaching. The fibrous plants or fibrous stems are thus arranged in selected volume and density groups.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le procédé comprend des étapes postérieures de séchage, préférablement pour amener le taux d'humidité entre 15 et 40%, de cardage et de séchage. Le cardage est optimisé.In one embodiment, the process comprises subsequent steps of drying, preferably to bring the moisture content between 15 and 40%, carding and drying. Carding is optimized.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le procédé comprend les étapes de récupération énergétique des effluents.In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of energy recovery of the effluents.

Dans un mode de réalisation, la plante fibreuse est du chanvre, éventuellement du lin, de l'ortie, la ramie, le kénaf, le miscanthus, la jute, l'agave et le sisal.In one embodiment, the fibrous plant is hemp, optionally flax, nettle, ramie, kenaf, miscanthus, jute, agave and sisal.

Dans un mode de réalisation, les fibres présentent une longueur comprise entre 15 et 30 mm.In one embodiment, the fibers have a length of between 15 and 30 mm.

Dans un mode de réalisation, la plante fibreuse est traitée à la vapeur d'eau saturée à une température d'au moins 130°C, préférablement au moins 160°C.In one embodiment, the fibrous plant is treated with saturated steam at a temperature of at least 130°C, preferably at least 160°C.

Dans un mode de réalisation, la plante fibreuse est traitée à la vapeur d'eau saturée en deux paliers, l'un à une température d'au moins 130°C, l'autre à une température d'au moins 180°C.In one embodiment, the fibrous plant is treated with saturated water vapor in two stages, one at a temperature of at least 130°C, the other at a temperature of at least 180°C.

Dans un mode de réalisation, la plante fibreuse est traitée à la vapeur d'eau saturée en deux paliers, l'un à une température comprise entre 130°C et 160°C, l'autre à une température comprise entre 180°C et 230°C, préférablement entre 200 et 220°C.In one embodiment, the fibrous plant is treated with saturated water vapor in two stages, one at a temperature between 130° C. and 160° C., the other at a temperature between 180° C. and 230°C, preferably between 200 and 220°C.

Dans un mode de réalisation, le premier palier est de durée comprise entre 3 et 6 mn et le deuxième palier de durée comprise entre 4 et 8 mn.In one embodiment, the first stage lasts between 3 and 6 min and the second stage lasts between 4 and 8 min.

Dans un mode de réalisation, la pression est comprise entre 2.105 et 23.105 Pa.In one embodiment, the pressure is between 2.10 5 and 23.10 5 Pa.

Dans un mode de réalisation, les fibres présentent un taux de xylose inférieur à 4%, préférablement inférieur à 2%.In one embodiment, the fibers have a xylose content of less than 4%, preferably less than 2%.

Dans un mode de réalisation, les fibres présentent un taux de pectine inférieur à 1%, préférablement inférieur à 0,9%.In one embodiment, the fibers have a pectin level of less than 1%, preferably less than 0.9%.

Dans un mode de réalisation, les fibres présentent un taux de lignine inférieur à 1% préférablement inférieur à 0,9%.In one embodiment, the fibers have a lignin content of less than 1%, preferably less than 0.9%.

En pratique, les plantes à fibres longues, en général les tiges de plantes, sont réceptionnées sous la forme de balles à haute densité. Les balles sont déliées et ouvertes mécaniquement. Les tiges de plantes à fibres longues sont mises en bottes ou javelles de forme cylindrique maintenue par un lien, par exemple une ficelle de la même fibre. Un stockage intermédiaire peut être prévu permettant une continuité de production et une homogénéisation de l'humidité.In practice, long fiber plants, usually plant stems, are received in the form of high density bales. The bales are untied and opened mechanically. The stems of long-fibered plants are placed in bunches or javelins of cylindrical shape held together by a tie, for example a string of the same fibre. Intermediate storage can be provided allowing continuity of production and homogenization of humidity.

Un bras robotisé charge les javelles dans une préchambre muni d'une vanne supérieure et d'une vanne inférieure. Lesdites vannes supérieure et inférieure présentent un diamètre au moins égal au diamètre de la préchambre. La préchambre peut-être en forme de cylindre de révolution. Plusieurs préchambres peuvent être associées à un corps de réacteur unique, également dénommé éclateur. Les vannes supérieure et inférieure de la préchambre, en production, sont fermées toutes deux ou l'une ouverte et l'autre fermée.A robotic arm loads the javelins into a prechamber equipped with an upper valve and a lower valve. Said upper and lower valves have a diameter at least equal to the diameter of the prechamber. The pre-chamber may be in the form of a cylinder of revolution. Several prechambers can be associated with a single reactor body, also called spark gap. The upper and lower valves of the prechamber, in production, are both closed or one open and the other closed.

Pour l'introduction de javelles, la vanne supérieure est ouverte et la vanne inférieure est fermée. La préchambre peut contenir une ou plusieurs javelles. Puis la vanne supérieure est fermée. La préchambre est mise sous pression. La vanne inférieure débouchant dans l'éclateur peut alors être ouverte, provoquant une chute brutale de pression jusqu'à la pression atmosphérique et l'explosion des tiges fibreuses en fibres. De l'explosion des fibres résulte également des poussières et des déchets.For the introduction of javelins, the upper valve is open and the lower valve is closed. The antechamber can contain one or more javelins. Then the upper valve is closed. The antechamber is pressurized. The lower valve opening into the spark gap can then be opened, causing a sudden drop in pressure to atmospheric pressure and the explosion of the fibrous rods into fibres. The explosion of the fibers also results in dust and waste.

L'éclateur se présente sous la forme d'une trémie. L'éclateur peut comprendre une portion cylindrique de révolution et une portion de tronconique disposé sous la portion cylindrique de révolution. L'éclateur est ouvert en extrémité inférieure. L'éclateur débouche en extrémité inférieure sur un barillet. L'éclateur comprend une laverie, par exemple sous la forme d'une rampe de lavage. Le lavage permet d'une part de nettoyer les tiges de poussières ou d'impuretés non souhaitables, par exemple issues de l'éclatement de la tige, et d'autre part d'entraîner les fibres vers le bas. Le lavage est effectué sous pression.The spark gap is in the form of a hopper. The spark gap may comprise a cylindrical portion of revolution and a frustoconical portion disposed under the cylindrical portion of revolution. The spark gap is open at the lower end. The spark gap opens at the lower end on a barrel. The spark gap comprises a laundry, for example in the form of a washing ramp. The washing makes it possible, on the one hand, to clean the rods of undesirable dust or impurities, for example resulting from the bursting of the rod, and, on the other hand, to drag the fibers downwards. The washing is carried out under pressure.

Le barillet comprend plusieurs chambres mobiles, une première chambre disposée sous l'éclateur, tandis qu'une deuxième chambre est en position d'essorage et une troisième chambre en position de déchargement. Un panier est disposé dans chaque chambre. Le panier dans la première chambre recueille les fibres sous l'éclateur. Une phase liquide s'évacue sous le panier. La charge organique peut être valorisée après traitement. Le panier dans la deuxième chambre maintient les fibres lors de l'essorage. L'essorage peut avoir lieu par centrifugation. Le panier dans la troisième chambre est retiré de ladite troisième chambre.The barrel comprises several mobile chambers, a first chamber arranged under the spark gap, while a second chamber is in the wiping position and a third chamber in the unloading position. A basket is placed in each room. The basket in the first chamber collects the fibers under the spark gap. A liquid phase is evacuated under the basket. The organic load can be recovered after treatment. The basket in the second chamber holds the fibers while spinning. Spinning can take place by centrifugation. The basket in the third chamber is removed from said third chamber.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit, d'exemples donnés à titre illustratif et non limitatif, tirés des dessins sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est un diagramme d'étapes de procédé ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue générale du système, partie amont ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue générale du système, partie aval, selon un mode de réalisation ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue générale du système, partie aval, selon un autre mode de réalisation ;
  • les figures 5a et 5b sont des diagrammes de longueur de fibres selon deux modes de réalisation.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear better on reading the description which follows, of examples given by way of illustration and not of limitation, taken from the drawings in which:
  • there figure 1 is a process step diagram;
  • there picture 2 is a general view of the system, upstream part;
  • there picture 3 is a general view of the system, downstream part, according to one embodiment;
  • there figure 4 is a general view of the system, downstream part, according to another embodiment;
  • THE figures 5a and 5b are fiber length diagrams according to two embodiments.

Les dessins et la description ci-après contiennent, pour l'essentiel, des éléments de caractère certain. Ils pourront donc non seulement servir à mieux faire comprendre la présente invention, mais aussi contribuer à sa définition, le cas échéant.The drawings and the description below contain, for the most part, certain elements. They may therefore not only be used to better understand the present invention, but also contribute to its definition, if necessary.

Les tiges fibreuses peuvent être issues de chanvre, de lin, d'ortie, de ramie, de kénaf, de miscanthus, de jute, d'agave et de sisal.The fibrous stems can be derived from hemp, flax, nettle, ramie, kenaf, miscanthus, jute, agave and sisal.

À l'étape n°1, voir figure 1, des balles de tiges fibreuses issues de plantes à fibres longues, par exemple de chanvre, sont ouvertes. Les balles sont issues d'un stockage permettant une régularisation de la production et une homogénéisation du taux d'humidité.In step 1, see figure 1 , bales of fibrous stems from long-fibered plants, for example hemp, are opened. The bales come from a storage allowing a regularization of the production and a homogenization of the rate of humidity.

À l'étape n°2, les tiges fibreuses sont conditionnées en javelles cylindriques de révolution. La forme cylindrique de révolution permet d'introduire facilement les javelles dans des tubes et optimise le chargement de zones tubulaires. À l'étape n°3, les javelles sont transportées par un convoyeur. Cette étape est optionnelle en fonction de la disposition des machines. Des machines montées à proximité immédiate permettent de se passer de convoyeur dédié.In step 2, the fibrous rods are packaged in circular cylindrical javelins. The cylindrical shape of revolution makes it easy to introduce the javelins into the tubes and optimizes the loading of tubular zones. In step 3, the javelins are transported by a conveyor. This step is optional depending on the layout of the machines. Machines mounted in the immediate vicinity make it possible to do without a dedicated conveyor.

À l'étape n°4, les javelles saisies par une pince sont présentées dans une goulotte d'entrée. La pince peut être portée par un bras robotisé. À l'étape n°5, une javelle disposée dans la goulotte est introduite dans une préchambre par ouverture d'une vanne d'entrée tandis qu'une vanne de sortie est fermée.In step 4, the javelins seized by a gripper are presented in an entry chute. The gripper can be carried by a robotic arm. In step 5, a javelin disposed in the chute is introduced into a prechamber by opening an inlet valve while an outlet valve is closed.

À l'étape n°6 la vanne d'introduction dans la préchambre est refermée, la vanne de sortie restant fermée. À l'étape n°7, la préchambre est mise sous pression, par exemple à une pression comprise entre 2.105 Pa et 23.105 Pa.In step 6, the introduction valve in the prechamber is closed, the outlet valve remaining closed. In step 7, the prechamber is pressurized, for example at a pressure of between 2.10 5 Pa and 23.10 5 Pa.

À l'étape n°8, la vanne de sortie est ouverte. La pression dans la préchambre chute en moins de 500 ms à la pression atmosphérique. La tige fibreuse éclate en fibres. La pectine et la lignine se retrouvent en solution. Les fibres descendent par gravité dans l'éclateur lequel comprend une cuve. À l'étape n°9, la vanne de sortie de préchambre est refermée après la descente de la javelle dans l'éclateur. Les étapes précédentes peuvent alors être répétées alors que les étapes suivantes se déroulent. Plus précisément, l'étape n°5 peut être répétée dès la fin de l'étape n°9. Les étapes n°5 à 9 peuvent être exécutées en parallèle dans plusieurs préchambres alimentant un éclateur unique. Ladite exécution en parallèle peut être légèrement décalée temporellement de manière à ce que les ouvertures des vannes de sortie soient décalées d'au moins quelques secondes.In step #8, the outlet valve is open. The pressure in the prechamber drops in less than 500 ms to atmospheric pressure. The fibrous stem bursts into fibers. Pectin and lignin are found in solution. The fibers descend by gravity into the spark gap which comprises a tank. In step 9, the prechamber outlet valve is closed after the javelin has descended into the spark gap. The previous steps can then be repeated as the following steps proceed. More precisely, step n°5 can be repeated as soon as step n°9 is finished. Steps 5 to 9 can be executed in parallel in several prechambers supplying a single spark gap. Said execution in parallel can be slightly offset in time so that the openings of the outlet valves are offset by at least a few seconds.

À l'étape n°10, le lavage de l'éclateur permet d'entraîner les fibres vers le bas. L'éclateur peut contenir les fibres correspondant à plusieurs javelles. À l'étape n°11, les fibres passent du bas de l'éclateur vers un panier. Un égouttage se produit. Les liquides sont récupérés dans une cuve formant le décanteur.In step 10, washing the spark gap pulls the fibers down. The spark gap can contain the fibers corresponding to several javelins. In step 11, the fibers pass from the bottom of the spark gap to a basket. Dripping occurs. The liquids are recovered in a tank forming the decanter.

À l'étape n°12, le panier contenant les fibres égouttées passe dans une station d'essorage. L'essorage peut être effectué par centrifugation, notamment par mise en rotation du panier. L'étape n°12 peut comprendre une première sous-étape d'essorage suivi par une deuxième sous-étape étape d'essorage, notamment dans une machine plus grande vitesse. L'essorage en deux fois séparées par un temps de repos permet un essorage plus efficace. L'étape n°12 peut également comprendre un transfert du panier chargé de fibres d'une machine à une autre.At step 12, the basket containing the drained fibers passes through a wringing station. Spin-drying can be carried out by centrifugation, in particular by rotating the basket. Step 12 may include a first spin sub-step followed by a second sub-stage spin-drying stage, especially in a higher speed machine. Spinning in two stages separated by a rest period allows for more efficient spin-drying. Step 12 can also include a transfer of the basket loaded with fibers from one machine to another.

À l'étape n°13, le panier contenant les fibres essorées passe dans une station de déchargement. Le panier est alors vidé des fibres qu'il contient, par renversement dudit panier ou encore par soufflage ou par poussée des fibres. À l'étape n°14, le panier retourne sous l'éclateur pour être chargé à nouveau de fibres, cf étape n°11.In step 13, the basket containing the dewatered fibers passes through an unloading station. The basket is then emptied of the fibers it contains, by overturning said basket or else by blowing or pushing the fibers. At stage n°14, the basket returns under the splitter to be loaded with fibers again, cf stage n°11.

À l'étape n°15, les fibres sont séchées en les amenant à un taux d'humidité compris entre 15 et 40 %. À l'étape n°16, les fibres sont cardées. Le cardage consiste à peigner les fibres. À l'étape n°17, un séchage final des fibres est mené. À l'étape n°18, les fibres séchées sont conditionnées, par exemple en bottes.In step 15, the fibers are dried by bringing them to a humidity level of between 15 and 40%. In step 16, the fibers are carded. Carding consists of combing the fibres. In step 17, a final drying of the fibers is carried out. In step 18, the dried fibers are packaged, for example in bundles.

Comme on peut le voir sur les figures 2 à 4, l'installation de traitement de tiges fibreuses est destinée à la production de fibres à usage industriel. L'installation comprend une zone d'approvisionnement 20 en tiges fibreuses située en amont d'un réacteur 21, le réacteur 21 et une zone de traitement 22 des fibres située en aval du réacteur. Des opérateurs ont été représentés pour montrer l'échelle de l'installation, sans que cela indique une opération manuelle.As can be seen on the figures 2 to 4 , the fiber rod processing plant is intended for the production of fibers for industrial use. The installation comprises a fiber rod supply zone 20 located upstream of a reactor 21, the reactor 21 and a fiber treatment zone 22 located downstream of the reactor. Operators have been depicted to show the scale of the installation, without indicating manual operation.

Plus précisément, l'installation comprend une halle 30 de réception et de stockage de matières brutes, ici de tiges fibreuses. Les tiges fibreuses sont réceptionnées sous la forme de balles carrées ou parallélépipédiques 23. En aval de la halle 30, est prévue une ouvreuse 31 de balles de tiges fibreuses. L'ouvreuse 31 sectionne les liens de la balle et étale les tiges fibreuses pour en diminuer la densité.More specifically, the installation comprises a hall 30 for receiving and storing raw materials, here fibrous rods. The fibrous rods are received in the form of square or parallelepipedic bales 23. Downstream from the hall 30, there is provided an opener 31 for bales of fibrous rods. The opener 31 cuts the links of the bale and spreads the fibrous stems to reduce their density.

En aval de l'ouvreuse 31 est installée une botteleuse ou conditionneuse 32 en javelles 24. Une javelle 24 est formée des tiges fibreuses rassemblées en cylindre de révolution. Les dimensions d'une javelle 24 dépendent de la dimension de la préchambre. Le diamètre est choisi en fonction du diamètre de l'entrée du réacteur décrite ci-après.Downstream of the opener 31 is installed a baler or conditioner 32 in javelins 24. A javelin 24 is formed of fibrous rods gathered in a cylinder of revolution. The dimensions of a javelin 24 depend on the dimension of the antechamber. The diameter is chosen according to the diameter of the inlet of the reactor described below.

En aval de la conditionneuse 32 est installé un convoyeur 33. Le convoyeur 33 est apte à déplacer les javelles 24 d'un point à un autre de la zone d'approvisionnement 20. Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, le convoyeur 33 est élévateur. En variante, le convoyeur 33 peut être horizontal ou en descente. Le convoyeur 33 peut également former un stockage tampon.Downstream of the packaging machine 32 is installed a conveyor 33. The conveyor 33 is capable of moving the javelins 24 from one point to another of the supply zone 20. In the embodiment shown, the conveyor 33 is elevator. Alternatively, the conveyor 33 can be horizontal or downhill. The conveyor 33 can also form a buffer storage.

En aval du convoyeur 33, est installée une table de stockage 34. La table de stockage 34 peut-être motorisée pour faire avancer les javelles 24 à mesure. En aval de la table de stockage 34, l'installation comprend une pince 35 de chargement. La pince 35 peut être portée par un bras robotisé 36. La pince 35 est prévue pour saisir une javelle 24 et pour l'orienter dans un sens convenable pour l'entrée dans le réacteur 21. Les organes de l'installation situés de la halle 30 au bras robotisé 36, dans le sens de l'amont vers l'aval, sont montés dans la zone d'approvisionnement 20.Downstream of the conveyor 33, a storage table 34 is installed. The storage table 34 can be motorized to move the javelins 24 forward as needed. Downstream of the storage table 34, the installation comprises a clamp 35 for loading. The gripper 35 can be carried by a robotic arm 36. The gripper 35 is provided for gripping a javelin 24 and for directing it in a suitable direction for entry into the reactor 21. The organs of the installation located in the hall 30 to the robotic arm 36, in the direction from upstream to downstream, are mounted in the supply area 20.

Le réacteur 21 est organisé verticalement en descente de l'amont vers l'aval. Le réacteur 21 comprend une goulotte 40 tronconique. La goulotte 40 est installée à proximité de la pince 35. Dans le mode de réalisation représentée, le réacteur 21 comprend trois goulottes 40. Les goulottes 40 sont d'axes parallèles. Les goulottes 40 présentent une portion amont tronconique évasée vers l'amont et une portion aval cylindrique de révolution.The reactor 21 is organized vertically in descent from upstream to downstream. The reactor 21 comprises a frustoconical chute 40 . Chute 40 is installed close to clamp 35. In the embodiment shown, reactor 21 comprises three chutes 40. Chutes 40 have parallel axes. The chutes 40 have a frustoconical upstream portion flared upstream and a cylindrical downstream portion of revolution.

Une vanne 41 est disposée en aval de chaque goulotte 40. La vanne 41 est étanche au liquide et au gaz. La vanne 41 présente un passage à l'état ouvert de diamètre au moins égal au diamètre intérieur minimal de la goulotte 40. La vanne 41 est commandée.A valve 41 is arranged downstream of each chute 40. Valve 41 is liquid and gas tight. The valve 41 has a passage in the open state with a diameter at least equal to the minimum inside diameter of the chute 40. The valve 41 is controlled.

Le réacteur 21 comprend des préchambres 42, chacune associée à une vanne 41. La préchambre 42 se présente sous la forme d'un tube cylindrique de révolution. Le diamètre de la préchambre 42 est sensiblement égal au diamètre intérieur minimal de la goulotte 40. La préchambre 42 peut contenir au moins une javelle 24, ici deux. La préchambre 42 est équipée d'un organe de mise en pression, par exemple à la vapeur d'eau.The reactor 21 comprises prechambers 42, each associated with a valve 41. The prechamber 42 is in the form of a cylindrical tube of revolution. The diameter of the prechamber 42 is substantially equal to the minimum inside diameter of the chute 40. The prechamber 42 can contain at least one javelin 24, here two. The pre-chamber 42 is equipped with a pressurizing device, for example using steam.

Une vanne 43 est disposée en aval de chaque préchambre 42. La vanne 43 est étanche au liquide et au gaz. La vanne 43 présente un passage à l'état ouvert de diamètre au moins égal au diamètre intérieur minimal de la préchambre 42. La vanne 43 est commandée. La vanne 43 est à ouverture rapide (moins de 500 ms).A valve 43 is arranged downstream of each prechamber 42. Valve 43 is liquid and gas tight. The valve 43 has a passage in the open state with a diameter at least equal to the minimum internal diameter of the prechamber 42. The valve 43 is controlled. Valve 43 is fast opening (less than 500 ms).

En aval de la vanne 43, le réacteur 21 comprend un éclateur 44. Le sommet de l'éclateur 44 est percé de lumières obturées par les vannes 43. L'éclateur 44 comprend une partie centrale en forme de cylindre de révolution disposée sous le sommet et une partie inférieure tronconique de diamètre décroissant vers le bas. L'éclateur 44 peut présenter un volume compris entre 5 et 20 m3. L'extrémité inférieure de l'éclateur 44 est ouverte et débouche sur un barillet 45 rotatif multi chambres. La rotation du barillet 45 peut être discontinue. Avantageusement, les diamètres de la goulotte 40, de la vanne 41 ouverte, de la préchambre 42 et de la vanne 43 ouverte sont égaux, facilitant la descente de la matière traitée : javelles de tiges fibreuses, puis fibres.Downstream of the valve 43, the reactor 21 comprises a spark gap 44. The top of the spark gap 44 is pierced with openings closed by the valves 43. The spark gap 44 comprises a central part in the form of a cylinder of revolution arranged under the top and a frustoconical lower part of decreasing diameter downwards. The spark gap 44 can have a volume of between 5 and 20 m 3 . The lower end of the spark gap 44 is open and leads to a multi-chamber rotary barrel 45. The rotation of barrel 45 can be discontinuous. Advantageously, the diameters of the chute 40, of the open valve 41, of the prechamber 42 and of the open valve 43 are equal, facilitating the descent of the treated material: strips of fibrous rods, then fibers.

Les tiges fibreuses des javelles 24 peuvent être introduites dans la préchambre 42 la vanne inférieure 43 étant fermée et la vanne supérieure 41 étant ouverte. Puis, la vanne supérieure 41 est fermée. Les tiges fibreuses, ici de chanvre, des javelles 24 peuvent être traitées dans la préchambre 42 à la vapeur d'eau saturée pendant 5 mn à 140°C puis pendant 5 mn à 200°C. On obtient des fibres de composition glucose 69,7%, xylose 3 ,6%, lignine 0,85% et pectine 0,87%. La distribution des longueurs de fibre est en figure 5a.The fibrous stems of the javelins 24 can be introduced into the prechamber 42, the lower valve 43 being closed and the upper valve 41 being open. Then, the upper valve 41 is closed. The fibrous rods, here of hemp, of the javelins 24 can be treated in the prechamber 42 with saturated water vapor for 5 min at 140° C. then for 5 min at 200° C. Fibers with a composition of 69.7% glucose, 3.6% xylose, 0.85% lignin and 0.87% pectin are obtained. The distribution of fiber lengths is in figure 5a .

Préférablement, les tiges fibreuses peuvent être traitées à la vapeur d'eau saturée pendant 5 mn à 140°C puis pendant 7 mn à 220°C. Les taux de lignine, pectine et surtout de xylose sont réduits. On obtient des fibres de composition glucose 73,2%, xylose 1,9%, lignine 0,75% et pectine 0,79%. Par comparaison, la composition de la tige fibreuse de chanvre avant explosion est de glucose 40,1%, xylose 7,9%, lignine 3,2% et pectine 21%. La distribution des longueurs de fibre est en figure 5b. Les fibres sont plus courtes que dans le mode précédent, notamment absence de fibres de longueur supérieure à 70 mm et faible taux de fibres de longueur supérieure à 50 mm. Les longueurs sont plus homogènes avec une fréquence maximale supérieure de plus de 40%.Preferably, the fibrous rods can be treated with saturated steam for 5 min at 140°C then for 7 min at 220°C. Lignin, pectin and especially xylose levels are reduced. Fibers of composition glucose 73.2%, xylose 1.9%, lignin 0.75% and pectin 0.79% are obtained. By comparison, the composition of hemp fibrous stalk before explosion is 40.1% glucose, 7.9% xylose, 3.2% lignin and 21% pectin. The distribution of fiber lengths is in figure 5b . The fibers are shorter than in the previous mode, in particular the absence of fibers longer than 70 mm and a low rate of fibers longer than 50 mm. The lengths are more homogeneous with a maximum frequency higher by more than 40%.

Les compositions ci-dessus ont été déterminées par hydrolyse acide et analyse des sucres simples par chromatographie ionique. La teneur en lignine a été déterminée par gravimétrie. La teneur en pectine a été déterminée par analyse spectroscopique.The above compositions were determined by acid hydrolysis and analysis of simple sugars by ion chromatography. Lignin content was determined gravimetrically. The pectin content was determined by spectroscopic analysis.

Lors du traitement, la préchambre 42 est obturée. Les vannes 41 et 43 sont fermées. Puis la vanne 43 est ouverte provoquant une chute brutale de la pression dans la préchambre 42. La chute de pression brutale provoque l'éclatement des tiges fibreuses en fibres et la libération de résidus de composants non cellulosiques, notamment de pectines et de lignines servant de colle naturelle à une tige fibreuse. Les fibres issues de tiges fibreuses éclatées descendent par gravité dans l'éclateur 44. Le rendement matière est compris entre 85 et 90%.During the treatment, the prechamber 42 is closed off. Valves 41 and 43 are closed. Then the valve 43 is opened causing a sudden drop in pressure in the pre-chamber 42. The sudden pressure drop causes the fibrous rods to burst into fibers and the release of residues of non-cellulosic components, in particular pectins and lignins serving as a natural glue to a fibrous stem. The fibers from split fibrous rods descend by gravity into the splitter 44. The material yield is between 85 and 90%.

À l'intérieur de l'éclateur 44 est disposée une rampe de lavage 46. La rampe de lavage 46 est activée pour laver l'éclateur 44 à l'eau sous pression. Le lavage aide également les fibres à descendre vers le bas de l'éclateur 44. L'eau de lavage est de l'eau sans apport volontaire de soude. L'eau de lavage est de l'eau d'un réseau d'alimentation en eau potable.Inside the spark gap 44 is arranged a washing ramp 46. The washing ramp 46 is activated to wash the spark gap 44 with pressurized water. The washing also helps the fibers to descend towards the bottom of the spark gap 44. The washing water is water without the voluntary addition of soda. Wash water is water from a drinking water supply network.

Le barillet 45 est muni d'une pluralité de chambres 47. Les chambres 47 sont ouvertes à leurs deux extrémités. Le barillet 45 est rotatif autour d'un axe parallèle à l'axe de l'éclateur 44, en général un axe vertical. Le nombre de chambres 47 du barillet 45 est d'au moins trois. Le barillet 45 est à rotation discontinue. Le nombre minimal de chambres 47 correspond au nombre de positions actives également dénommées stations. Chaque chambre 47 est prévue pour recevoir un panier 48 de manière temporaire. Le panier 48 peut être réalisé en tôle perforée ou en fil métallique. Le panier 48 retient les fibres et laisse passer les liquides. La chambre 47 de réception de fibres est située sous l'extrémité inférieure de l'éclateur 44.Barrel 45 is provided with a plurality of chambers 47. Chambers 47 are open at both ends. Barrel 45 is rotatable about an axis parallel to the axis of spark gap 44, generally a vertical axis. The number of chambers 47 of the barrel 45 is at least three. Barrel 45 rotates discontinuously. The minimum number of chambers 47 corresponds to the number of active positions also called stations. Each chamber 47 is provided to receive a basket 48 temporarily. The basket 48 can be made of perforated sheet metal or metal wire. The basket 48 retains the fibers and allows the liquids to pass. The fiber receiving chamber 47 is located under the lower end of the spark gap 44.

Les fibres entraînées par l'eau de lavage tombent sous éclateur 44 et passent dans le panier 48. Le panier 48 arrête le mouvement des fibres. Les fibres sont égouttées dans le panier 48. Une fois le panier 48 rempli de fibres, le barillet 45 est mis en rotation et un panier vide est présenté à la station de réception sous l'éclateur 44. Le panier 48 rempli de fibres est amené à une station d'essorage. À la station d'essorage, est prévu un entraînement en rotation du panier 48. Par effet centrifuge, une quantité supplémentaire d'eau est extraite des fibres. Une fois les fibres du panier 48 essorées, le barillet 45 est mis en rotation. Le barillet 45 amène les fibres essorées dans le panier 48 à une station de déchargement dans lequel le panier 48 est extrait de la chambre 47 du barillet 45.The fibers entrained by the washing water fall under the spark gap 44 and pass into the basket 48. The basket 48 stops the movement of the fibers. The fibers are drained into the basket 48. Once the basket 48 is filled with fibers, the barrel 45 is rotated and an empty basket is presented to the receiving station under the burster 44. The basket 48 filled with fibers is brought at a wringing station. At the wringing station, the basket 48 is driven in rotation. By centrifugal effect, an additional quantity of water is extracted from the fibers. Once the fibers of the basket 48 have been wrung out, the barrel 45 is set in rotation. Barrel 45 brings the dewatered fibers in basket 48 to an unloading station in which basket 48 is extracted from chamber 47 of barrel 45.

Dans le cas d'un barillet 45 à trois chambres 47, chaque chambre correspond à une station. Simultanément peuvent être effectués, le chargement d'un panier en fibres sous l'éclateur 44 et l'égouttages des fibres, l'essorage de fibres dans un panier rempli de fibres préalablement égouttées, et l'extraction d'un panier de fibres essorées hors de la chambre 47 ainsi que l'introduction d'un panier vide dans la chambre 47. Un nombre de chambres 47 supérieur à trois peut être prévu, notamment pour permettre un égouttage supplémentaire entre la station de chargement et la station d'essorage, ou encore pour permettre d'introduire un panier vide dans une chambre 47 après la station de déchargement et avant la station de réception. À cet effet, peut être prévue une station de rechargement de panier vide. Dans ce cas, le barillet 45 comprend au moins quatre chambres 47.In the case of a barrel 45 with three chambers 47, each chamber corresponds to a station. Simultaneously can be carried out, the loading of a basket of fibers under the spark gap 44 and the draining of the fibers, the spin-drying of fibers in a basket filled with previously drained fibers, and the extraction of a basket of drained fibers out of the chamber 47 as well as the introduction of an empty basket into the chamber 47. A number of chambers 47 greater than three can be provided, in particular to allow additional draining between the station loading and the wringing station, or to allow an empty basket to be introduced into a chamber 47 after the unloading station and before the receiving station. For this purpose, an empty basket reloading station can be provided. In this case, barrel 45 comprises at least four chambers 47.

Sous la chambre 47 de réception, le réacteur 21 comprend un récupérateur 49 de liquides. Le récupérateur 49 de liquides est disposé sous le panier 48 et sous l'éclateur 44. Le récupérateur 49 de liquides comprend un réservoir de décantation 50. Le réservoir de décantation 50 est muni d'une ouverture supérieure 51 recevant les liquides d'égouttage. Entre l'ouverture supérieure 51 et le barillet 45, peut être disposé un tronc de cône 52 formant entonnoir. Le réservoir de décantation 50 peut se présenter sous la forme d'un cylindre allongé d'axe horizontal. Le réservoir de décantation 50 reçoit également des liquides en provenance de la station d'essorage par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite 55.Beneath the receiving chamber 47, the reactor 21 includes a liquid recuperator 49. The liquid recuperator 49 is arranged under the basket 48 and under the spark gap 44. The liquid recuperator 49 comprises a settling tank 50. The settling tank 50 is provided with an upper opening 51 receiving the draining liquids. Between the upper opening 51 and the barrel 45, can be arranged a truncated cone 52 forming a funnel. The settling tank 50 can be in the form of an elongated cylinder with a horizontal axis. The settling tank 50 also receives liquids from the wringing station via a pipe 55.

En aval du réservoir de décantation 50 peut être prévu un organe de dégazage 53 relié au sommet du réservoir de décantation 50. Une conduite 54 disposée en partie inférieure du réservoir de décantation 50 permet l'enlèvement des boues.Downstream of the settling tank 50 can be provided a degassing device 53 connected to the top of the settling tank 50. A pipe 54 arranged in the lower part of the settling tank 50 allows the removal of sludge.

Un orifice de dégazage relié à une conduite 56 peut être prévu à proximité du sommet de l'éclateur 44. La conduite 56 est reliée à l'organe de dégazage 53. L'organe de dégazage 53 est commun à l'éclateur 44 et au réservoir de décantation 50.A degassing orifice connected to a conduit 56 may be provided near the top of the spark gap 44. The conduit 56 is connected to the degassing member 53. The degassing member 53 is common to the spark gap 44 and to the settling tank 50.

La station de déchargement de panier contenant des fibres essorées est associée à une pince 60 venant saisir le panier 48 en le faisant sortir de la chambre 47. Alternativement ou en plus, la sortie du panier 48 hors de la chambre 47 peut être réalisée par un actionneur linéaire 59 disposé en position inférieure et venant pousser le panier 48 vers le haut. Le panier 48 entre dans la zone de traitement 22 aval.The basket unloading station containing dewatered fibers is associated with a gripper 60 which grips the basket 48 by bringing it out of the chamber 47. Alternatively or in addition, the exit of the basket 48 from the chamber 47 can be carried out by a linear actuator 59 disposed in the lower position and pushing the basket 48 upwards. The basket 48 enters the processing zone 22 downstream.

Dans la zone de traitement 22 est prévue une essoreuse 61. L'essoreuse 61 peut se présenter sous la forme d'un tambour rotatif. L'essoreuse 61 reçoit un panier 48 chargé de fibres ayant déjà subi un premier essorage dans le barillet 45 et destinées à subir un deuxième essorage. Le transfert du panier 48 chargé de fibres de la chambre 47 à l'essoreuse 61 peut être réalisé par la pince 60. La pince 60 peut être portée par un robot de levage 62.In the treatment zone 22 is provided a wringer 61. The wringer 61 can be in the form of a rotating drum. The wringer 61 receives a basket 48 loaded with fibers which have already undergone a first wringing in the barrel 45 and intended to undergo a second wringing. The transfer of the basket 48 loaded with fibers from the chamber 47 to the wringer 61 can be carried out by the gripper 60. The gripper 60 can be carried by a lifting robot 62.

Dans la zone de traitement 22 est prévue une machine de déchargement 63 pour décharger les fibres d'un panier 48. La machine de déchargement 63 est disposée en aval de l'essoreuse 61. Un convoyeur 64 peut être disposé entre l'essoreuse 61 et la machine de déchargement 63.In the treatment zone 22 is provided an unloading machine 63 to unload the fibers from a basket 48. The unloading machine 63 is arranged downstream of the wringer 61. A conveyor 64 can be arranged between the wringer 61 and the unloading machine 63.

Dans un premier mode de réalisation illustré sur la figure 3, la machine de déchargement 63 comprend une pince 65 portée par un robot de levage 66 pour déplacer un panier chargé de fibres au moins dans un plan vertical, et une chambre de déchargement 67 prévu pour recevoir le panier 48 chargé de fibres et un organe de poussée 68 agissant dans le bas de la chambre de déchargement 67 en poussant les fibres tout en laissant le panier 48 en place dans la chambre de déchargement 67. L'organe de poussée 68 peut comprendre un actionneur et une pluralité de doigts passant dans des orifices du fond du panier 48. La machine de déchargement 63 comprend également un pousseur 69 d'axe horizontal. Le pousseur 69 est prévu pour pousser les fibres situées au-dessus du panier 48 vers un convoyeur. Le pousseur 69 peut comprendre un actionneur linéaire et une lame ou un râteau. Les fibres sont alors en tas 25.In a first embodiment illustrated in the picture 3 , the unloading machine 63 comprises a gripper 65 carried by a lifting robot 66 to move a basket loaded with fibers at least in a vertical plane, and an unloading chamber 67 provided to receive the basket 48 loaded with fibers and a thrust 68 acting in the bottom of the unloading chamber 67 pushing the fibers while leaving the basket 48 in place in the unloading chamber 67. The pushing member 68 may comprise an actuator and a plurality of fingers passing through orifices from the bottom of the basket 48. The unloading machine 63 also comprises a pusher 69 with a horizontal axis. The pusher 69 is provided to push the fibers located above the basket 48 towards a conveyor. Pusher 69 may include a linear actuator and a blade or rake. The fibers are then in a pile 25.

Un deuxième mode de réalisation est illustré sur la figure 4. La figure 4 montre le convoyeur 64 en partie, les organes en amont du convoyeur 64 étant communs avec le premier mode de réalisation. La machine de déchargement 63 comprend un retourneur 70 de panier 48 chargé de fibres. Le retourneur 70 saisit le panier 48 chargé de fibres et vient le retourner de manière à ce que le fond du panier 48 se retrouve en position supérieure et l'ouverture du panier en position inférieure. Les fibres tombent alors du panier 48 en tas 25.A second embodiment is illustrated in the figure 4 . There figure 4 shows the conveyor 64 in part, the members upstream of the conveyor 64 being common with the first embodiment. The unloading machine 63 comprises a turner 70 of basket 48 loaded with fibres. The turner 70 grabs the basket 48 loaded with fibers and turns it over so that the bottom of the basket 48 is in the upper position and the opening of the basket in the lower position. The fibers then fall from the basket 48 into a pile 25.

Dans la zone de traitement 22 est prévu un convoyeur 71 sensiblement horizontal. Le convoyeur 71 reçoit les fibres provenant de la machine de déchargement 63. Le convoyeur 71 transporte une pluralité de tas 25 de fibres. Au-dessus du trajet des fibres sur le convoyeur 71, l'installation comprend, de l'amont vers l'aval, un premier sécheur 72 pour sécher les fibres en tas 25, une cardeuse 73, un deuxième sécheur 74 pour sécher les fibres en tas 25 et un conditionneur 75.In the treatment zone 22 is provided a substantially horizontal conveyor 71. Conveyor 71 receives fibers from unloading machine 63. Conveyor 71 carries a plurality of piles of fibers. Above the path of the fibers on the conveyor 71, the installation comprises, from upstream to downstream, a first dryer 72 for drying the fibers in heaps 25, a carding machine 73, a second dryer 74 for drying the fibers in heap 25 and a conditioner 75.

Le premier sécheur 72 comprend un ventilateur motorisé. Le deuxième sécheur 74 peut comprendre les mêmes éléments que le premier sécheur 72. La cardeuse 73 peut comprendre un ou plusieurs peignes métalliques pour séparer et aligner les fibres positionnées en matelas sur le convoyeur 71. Le rendement au cardage est accru pour un taux d'humidité de fibres comprise entre 15 et 40%, préférablement entre 20 et 35%, plus préférablement entre 25 et 34%.The first dryer 72 includes a motorized fan. The second dryer 74 can comprise the same elements as the first dryer 72. The carding machine 73 can comprise one or more metal combs to separate and align the fibers positioned in a mat on the conveyor 71. The carding yield is increased for a rate of fiber moisture between 15 and 40%, preferably between 20 and 35%, more preferably between 25 and 34%.

Un cardage de fibres sèches à taux d'humidité compris entre 4 et moins de 15% provoque le bris d'une partie des fibres et donc génère des poussières et un raccourcissement desdites fibres. Il peut être intéressant pour se passer de séchage post cardage. Dans ce cas, les fibres cardées sont directement conditionnées, notamment en vue de la filature.Carding dry fibers with a moisture content of between 4 and less than 15% causes part of the fibers to break and therefore generates dust and a shortening of said fibers. It can be interesting to do without post-carding drying. In this case, the carded fibers are packaged directly, in particular with a view to spinning.

Le conditionneur 75 rassemble des fibres de plusieurs tas 25. Le conditionneur 75 lie les fibres en bottes 26 liées, par exemple parallélépipédiques. Les fibres, notamment de chanvre, présentent une longueur comprise entre 15 et 30 mm.The conditioner 75 brings together fibers from several piles 25. The conditioner 75 binds the fibers in bundles 26 linked, for example parallelepipedal. The fibers, in particular hemp, have a length of between 15 and 30 mm.

L'invention offre un traitement physique des plantes fibreuses pour obtenir des fibres. Le traitement est sans solvant, sans apport de bases.The invention offers a physical treatment of fibrous plants to obtain fibres. The treatment is solvent-free, without adding bases.

Claims (15)

  1. Industrial system for refining plant fibres by steam explosion, comprising:
    - a pre-chamber (42) equipped with a steam pressurising member,
    - a loader for loading the pre-chamber (42) with sheaves (24) of a fibrous plant,
    - a blow-out unit (44) disposed under the pre-chamber (42),
    - a valve (41) upstream from the pre-chamber (42),
    - a valve (43) separating the pre-chamber (42) and the blow-out unit (44) when in the closed state and opening a passage with a diameter of at least the smallest of the diameters of the pre-chamber (42) and the blow-out unit (44) when in the open state,
    - a washing system (46) disposed inside the blow-out unit (44) for washing the blow-out unit and dragging the fibres downward, for spin-drying the fibres.
    - a mobile basket (48) for receiving fibres with a position under the blow-out unit (44) for receiving fibres,
    - a liquid-recovery device (49), disposed under the basket (48) and under the blow-out unit (44),
    - a receiving chamber receiving the basket (48) loaded with fibres,
    - a spin-drying chamber.
  2. System according to claim 1, wherein the loader comprises a robotic arm (36) able to load at least the pre-chamber (42) with one or more sheaves (24) at a time.
  3. System according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a plurality of pre-chambers (42) disposed above said blow-out unit (44) to feed said blow-out unit (44).
  4. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said basket (48) is a drainer.
  5. System according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a rotating barrel (45) provided at least with the receiving chamber, the spin-drying chamber, and an unloading chamber.
  6. System according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a fibrous plant bale opener (31) and a packer (32) of fibrous plants into sheaves (24) of a density less than that of the bales.
  7. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the liquid-recovery device (49) comprises a recirculation circuit and a decantation tank (50).
  8. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spin-drying chamber comprises a rotating drive of the basket (48).
  9. System according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a dryer (72) downstream of the spin-drying chamber, a carding machine (73) and an additional dryer (74) .
  10. Industrial method for refining plant fibres by steam explosion, comprising steps of:
    - loading a pre-chamber (42) with sheaves (24) of a fibrous plant,
    - steam pressurising of the fibrous plants in the pre-chamber (42), an introduction valve in the pre-chamber and an outlet valve (43) being closed,
    - depressurising by the opening of the valve (43) to a blow-out unit (44) disposed under the pre-chamber (42), provoking the explosion of the fibres of the fibrous plant,
    - transferring fibres coming from the fibrous plants in the blow-out unit (44),
    - washing of the blow-out unit (44) by driving the fibres downwards,
    - transferring fibres to a mobile basket (48) for receiving fibres,
    - gravity recovering of liquids under the basket (48) and under the blow-out unit (44),
    - spin-drying of the fibres.
  11. Method according to claim 10, comprising prior steps of opening fibrous plant bales, then of putting into sheaves (24).
  12. Method according to claim 10 or 11, comprising posterior steps of drying, preferably for bringing the humidity level between 15 and 40%, of carding and of drying.
  13. Method according to claim 10, 11 or 12 wherein the fibrous plant is treated with saturated steam at a temperature of at least 130°C, preferably at least 160°C.
  14. Method according to claim 13, wherein the fibrous plant is treated with saturated steam in two stages, one at a temperature of at least 130°C, preferably at most 160°C, the other at a temperature of at least 180°C, preferably at most 230°C, the first stage having a duration comprised between 3 and 6 mn and the second stage having a duration comprised between 4 and 8 mn.
  15. Method according to claim 14, wherein the first stage has a duration comprised between 3 and 6 mn and the second stage has a duration comprised between 4 and 8 mn.
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JP6879106B2 (en) * 2017-07-31 2021-06-02 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Fiber defibrated product manufacturing equipment and sheet manufacturing equipment

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US20200347548A1 (en) 2020-11-05
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WO2019122694A1 (en) 2019-06-27
CN111801447B (en) 2022-10-28
FR3075226A1 (en) 2019-06-21
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FR3075226B1 (en) 2019-11-22
US11111604B2 (en) 2021-09-07
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