EP3718123A1 - Système électrique - Google Patents

Système électrique

Info

Publication number
EP3718123A1
EP3718123A1 EP18810986.2A EP18810986A EP3718123A1 EP 3718123 A1 EP3718123 A1 EP 3718123A1 EP 18810986 A EP18810986 A EP 18810986A EP 3718123 A1 EP3718123 A1 EP 3718123A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical system
contact
memory
gas generator
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP18810986.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ekkehard Kress
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IIE GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
IIE GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IIE GmbH and Co KG filed Critical IIE GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3718123A1 publication Critical patent/EP3718123A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H35/00Switches operated by change of a physical condition
    • H01H35/24Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/24Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using pneumatic or hydraulic actuator
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/10Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess voltage, e.g. for lightning protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2231/00Applications
    • H01H2231/026Car

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the individual cells usually work with a voltage of approximately 3.6 V.
  • a voltage of more than 300 V is required, so that more than one hundred such cells must be correspondingly connected.
  • Some vehicles are already working with voltages of around 700 V today.
  • the voltage-carrying parts are well insulated, so that in normal operation no voltage can be transmitted to users.
  • it can - in contrast to a stationary system - quickly come to an incident in which it comes to significant mechanical deformations. So z.
  • electrical insulation is damaged and high voltages are transmitted to parts with which the user can come into contact. This can lead to serious injury or even death of injured persons.
  • high voltages occur, for example, in houses with photovoltaic systems installed on their roofs. If a fire occurs, the extinguishing firefighters are exposed to a great danger, since the possibility of a flashover over the firefighting water to the people can not be excluded at high voltages.
  • the invention has the object of providing an electrically system according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that such dangers can be safely avoided after an unforeseen event.
  • Memory / converter cells are provided in the normal operation of the electrical system closed disconnectors, which are designed and / or arranged so that they are opened when triggered the event sensor, the high voltage in an unforeseen event in smaller, harmless Tensions are divided.
  • the event sensor is advantageously designed as an impact sensor.
  • the disconnectors between photovoltaic elements which are so-called converter cells, are triggered, for example by a smoke detector or another fire detector. Again, the high voltage then in smaller harmless Distributed voltages so that there is no danger to firefighters when deleting them.
  • the invention is applicable, inter alia, in all electrically powered vehicles.
  • a means of transport here are all devices for transporting people and / or goods by land, on the water and in the air.
  • electrically driven is meant all means of locomotion that are at least partly electrically powered.
  • hybrid vehicles some of which are powered by an electric motor and some by an internal combustion engine.
  • the consumer circuit here includes in particular the drive. In the case of a photovoltaic system, however, the load circuit has an inverter and possibly a power store.
  • the memory / converter cells should be all voltage-storing and all voltage-generating cells.
  • memory cells for example, rechargeable lithium-ion cells, or pure charge storage such.
  • B. capacitors are used.
  • the converter cells include, among others, fuel cells and photovoltaic cells.
  • an event sensor a dedicated sensor for the operation of the circuit breaker can be used.
  • the signal of an event sensor is used, which is present anyway.
  • the impact sensor of an existing airbag and, as an example of a house with photovoltaic system, an already installed smoke detector can be mentioned here.
  • the costs for the electrical system according to the invention can be reduced in this way.
  • At least one additional isolating switch which is in a closed position during normal operation of the electrical system, is provided between the series-connected storage / converter cells and the consumer circuit.
  • the consumer circuit can be disconnected from the memory / converter cells in the event of an unforeseen event.
  • the inverter of the consumer circuit can be completely disconnected from the photovoltaic system in this way.
  • the at least one additional circuit breaker is combined with a main switch, which, after the event sensor has been triggered, is in a position in which the load circuit is short-circuited to the mass of an electrically driven moving-means.
  • the combined disconnector / main switch can thus act as an on-off switch during normal operation of an electrically driven means of transportation and as a changeover switch in the event of an accident.
  • the memory / converter cells can then, when the means of locomotion is at rest, separate from the load circuit.
  • the combined disconnectors / main switches are designed so that they basically act as a switch. Ideally, the potential is reduced to ground after switching over a resistor.
  • the circuit breaker on a contact pin which is movable in a sleeve with we least two contact rings, wherein a contact ring with the negative pole of a memory / converter cell and the other contact ring with the positive pole of another memory / converter cell is in communication.
  • a contact ring with the negative pole of a memory / converter cell and the other contact ring with the positive pole of another memory / converter cell is in communication.
  • the circuit breaker In the normal, closed position of the circuit breaker is therefore on the contact pin electrical connection between tween the two contact rings. This means that the two memory cells are connected in series by the circuit breaker. After triggering the event sensor, the se connection is disconnected and thus the series connection is canceled.
  • the operation of the circuit breaker can be done in different ways.
  • a solenoid can be provided at each disconnect switch, which is supplied by a conventional 12 V battery.
  • an energy accumulator is provided which presses the circuit breaker in its open position.
  • the circuit breaker is therefore closed only when the battery voltage is applied to the solenoid.
  • the event sensor then only has to interrupt the connection to the 12 V battery. Afterwards, all circuit breakers move to the open position.
  • This refinement has the additional advantage in the case of a means of locomotion that a division of the voltage likewise takes place with each switching of the means of locomotion into the rest position.
  • a gas generator is particularly advantageous, which is triggered via the event sensor, wherein the circuit breaker can be brought by the gas pressure generated by the gas generator from the closed to the open position.
  • the gas pressure generated by such gas generators is usually so high that it also acts under adverse circumstances and safely conveys the contact pins in the open position of the circuit breaker.
  • the gas has a very positive effect if, despite the speed with which the circuit breakers open, an arc should occur. In this case, the gas acts as a spark extinguisher.
  • the switching tube therefore advantageously has notches between the disconnectors.
  • a notch here is to understand any reduction in the inner diameter of the switching tube, regardless of whether it comes about, for example, by a bead or by webs.
  • the contact pins have particularly advantageously through gas passage openings through concentric or parallel to their central longitudinal axis, wherein the cross section of the gas passage openings in a contact pin with a greater distance from the gas generator is smaller than in a contact pin with a smaller distance to the gas generator.
  • the face of the contact pin which is acted upon by the gas pressure, becomes larger with increasing distance of the contact pin from the gas generator.
  • a gas generator in an electrically driven means of transport, is provided, which is connected to two switching tubes.
  • each switching tube a plurality of contact pins is provided and the switching tubes are each provided with a main switch at the opposite end of the gas generator.
  • Each main switch has a contact pin and three contact rings of the switching tube, wherein one of the contact rings with the negative terminal or with the positive pole of a storage / converter cell connected in series, the second of the contact rings with the negative pole or the positive pole of the consumer circuit and the third of the contact ring are respectively connected to the mass of the means of locomotion.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a circuit arrangement according to the invention in an electrically operated motor vehicle while driving
  • FIG. 2 shows the circuit arrangement of FIG. 1 after an accident
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a circuit breaker for the connection of in
  • Fig. 4 is a circuit breaker as in Fig. 3 after tripping in an accident in his
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a main switch for connecting a
  • Fig. 6 the main switch of Fig. 5 after the release in an accident.
  • the exemplary embodiment of a circuit arrangement shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 for use in a means of transport according to the invention, for example in an electric vehicle, has a load circuit 22 which can be connected to a battery pack of several groups of memory cells 24 via two main switches 7.
  • the groups of memory cells 24 each consist of a plurality of individual memory cells connected in series, wherein the output voltage of each group should remain below 50 V. Assuming that lithium-ion cells are each used with 3.6 V, a group 24 of 13 cells each give an output voltage of 46.8 V. In the example shown here, seven such groups 24 are connected in series via disconnectors 1 in series. On the structure of the circuit breaker 1 and the main switch 7 will be discussed later in detail.
  • the voltage applied to the load circuit is about 330 V. If higher voltages are required, either memory cells with a higher output voltage can be used or even more groups 24 are connected in series via further circuit breakers 1.
  • a gas generator 23 which has two outputs, wherein at each output a switching tube 3 is connected to the gas generator 23.
  • the circuit breaker 1 are by the switching tube 3 with contact rings 4 (see FIG. 3) and in each case a gasbe- operated contact pin 2, the main switch 7 also through the switching tube 3 with contact rings 14, 15, 16 (see FIGS. 5-6) and formed a differently shaped contact pin 13.
  • three disconnectors 1 and one main switch 7 are realized on each side of the gas generator 23 so that all eight switches can be actuated via the gas generator 23.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 a crash sensor 26 and a controller 25 are shown.
  • the controller 25 and the impact sensor 26 need not necessarily be realized as part of the circuit shown.
  • a controller is used which receives a signal from an impact sensor and converts it into an activation signal for the airbag inflators. This signal can also be tapped for the activation of the gas generator 23 in FIGS. 1 and 2. In this case, for the activation of the gas generator 23 no specially installed impact sensor and no specially installed control must be used.
  • a circuit breaker 1 is shown in section in detail.
  • annular recesses for receiving the contact rings 4, 28 are provided.
  • the contact rings 4, 28 are connected in a manner not shown here to the positive pole of a memory cell or to the negative pole of another memory cell.
  • the disconnector 1 see FIG. 3
  • the contact rings 4, 28 via the contact pin 2 electrically conductively connected to each other.
  • the contact ring 4 is made slightly stronger than the contact ring 28. At the same time has the contact pin 2 in the region of the contact ring 28 has a correspondingly larger diameter. During a movement of the contact pin 2 in the opening direction to the right, the contact pin 2 must overcome the friction to the contact rings 4, 28 only for a short distance due to this configuration. After a very short distance, the contact pin 2 can move on practically without frictional resistance.
  • the switching tube 3 In the opening direction next to the contact pin 2, the switching tube 3 is provided with a bead 5.
  • This bead 5 has the task of stopping the contact pin 2 when it is moved by the gas pressure of a gas generator from its position shown in Fig. 3. In this way, a defined end position for the contact pin 2 results.
  • the contact pin 2 In the open position of the circuit breaker 1, the contact pin 2 assumes this end position shown in Fig. 4. Here, the contact pin 2 no longer touches both contact rings 4, 28, but is possibly only in contact with the right-hand contact ring 28 in a connection which is not full-surface. As a result, the series connection of the two memory cells is canceled.
  • Fig. 4 is not the same circuit breaker as shown in Fig. 3.
  • a contact pin is shown whose position is further away from the gas generator than the contact pin of FIG. 3.
  • the gas passage opening of the contact pin in FIG. 3 is larger than that of the contact pin in FIG. 4.
  • the gas pressure opposing end face of the contact pin in Fig. 3 is smaller than that of the contact pin in Fig. 4.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show an exemplary embodiment of a main switch 7 with a linear drive 8 for its actuation.
  • the linear drive 8 is designed here as a stepper motor, by means of which a push rod 11 can be moved linearly along the axis of rotation of the stepping motor.
  • the stepping motor has a stator 9 fixedly mounted in the drive housing and a rotor 10 rotatably mounted within the stator 9. Concentric with the axis of rotation of the rotor 10, a threaded nut 17 is provided which is non-rotatably connected to the rotor 10 but along the axis of rotation of the rotor Rotor 10 is slidably mounted.
  • a push rod 11 is provided, which is mounted so that it is displaceable along the axis of rotation, but on the rotation of the rotor 10 and the rotatably connected threaded nut 17 does not take part.
  • the push rod 11 is provided in the region of the threaded nut 17 with an external thread which is in operative contact with the internal thread of the threaded nut 17.
  • the push rod 11 is provided with a push rod flange 20.
  • the spring 21 which slightly biases the push rod flange 20 against the inner wall of the spring housing opposite the drive housing.
  • the main switch 7 is constructed so that within the fixedly mounted switching tube 3, the contact pin 13 is slidably mounted.
  • the contact pin 13 is formed as a hollow cylinder, which is closed at its end facing away from the push rod 11. On its open side it is connected to the push rod 11 via a predetermined breaking point 12.
  • the predetermined breaking point 12 is not explicitly stated in the drawing, but a possible embodiment will be explained below.
  • the predetermined breaking point 12 is preferably designed as a separate component. It has an inner ring, which is connected to the push rod 11. Likewise, it has an outer ring which is connected to the open edge of the hollow cylinder of the contact pin 13. The inner and outer edges are connected to each other by three radially arranged rays.
  • the jets are designed to tear off when a predetermined force acts between the inner and outer rings.
  • the rays therefore form the actual predetermined breaking point.
  • the switching tube 3 has in its inner wall three annular recesses into which the contact rings 14, 15 and 16 are inserted.
  • the left contact ring 14 is in contact with the memory cells 24, the middle 15 with the load circuit 22 and the right 16 with the mass.
  • the contact pin 13 is designed so that it can electrically connect two contact rings each with each other.
  • the gas outflow openings 27 are provided, through which the gas generated by the gas generator 23 can flow as soon as the contact pin 13 is in the position shown in FIG ,
  • each main switch 7 The solenoid 19 of each main switch 7 is in the lowered position, so that the nut flange 18 is not blocked. In this position, not shown here, however, acts by the spring 21, no force on the push rod 11, since the push rod flange 20 rests against the right side wall of the spring housing.
  • the circuit breaker 1 are all in the position shown in Fig. 1. They simultaneously contact both contact rings 4, 28. This means that all groups of memory cells 24 are connected to one another, ie the full voltage would be available. However, this voltage is not yet applied to the load circuit 22.
  • the solenoid 19 is energized via the 12 V on-board battery and moves into its blocking division as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. Now also the linear motor 8 is connected to the electrical system.
  • the linear motor 8 When the ignition key is turned, the linear motor 8 is energized so that the rotor 10 rotates by a predetermined number of steps. In this case, the push rod 11 is moved to the operating position shown in Fig. 5. In this position, the contact pin 13 now connects the contact ring 14 with connection to the memory cells 24 and
  • the spring 21 and the solenoid 19 are provided. Starting from the operating position shown in Fig. 5 falls in a failure of the 12 V on-board voltage, the solenoid 19 and the locking lever moves to its release position.
  • the force of the spring 21 now acts on the push rod 11 via the push rod flange 20 and displaces it together with the threaded nut 17 and the contact bolt 13 to the right until the push rod flange 20 on the right inner wall of the spring housing is applied.
  • the main switch 7 is now in the open position, not shown, as described above. The connection between the memory cells 24 and the load circuit 22 is thus interrupted.
  • the electric vehicle can be put back into operation.
  • the locking lever of the solenoid 19 can not be moved into its blocking division, since it is prevented from doing so by the nut flange 18.
  • the control not shown here, therefore energizes the linear drive 8 in the opening direction. Since the push rod 11 can not be moved further to the right, the threaded nut 17 is pressed back into the rotor 10 to the left. After reaching the normal position of the threaded nut 17, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, the locking lever of the solenoid 19 can now move back into its blocking division and the electric vehicle is ready to start again.
  • the main switch 7 can be brought back into its operating position shown in Fig. 5 by energizing the linear motor 8 in the closing direction.
  • the load circuit 22 is to be separated from the memory cells 24 very quickly. At the same time, however, the groups of memory cells are to be separated from each other, so that only voltages that are harmless to humans can occur.
  • the gas generator 23 is ignited in the middle between the two switching tubes 3 via an impact sensor 26 and a controller 25 (see FIG. 1). The resulting gas presses the contact pins 2 of the isolating switch 1 provided on both sides of the gas generator 23 into the open position shown in FIG. 4. Since only one of the contact rings of each contact pin 2 is now contacted, there is no longer any connection between the individual groups of memory cells 24. In the case described here only voltages of approximately 46.8 V can be transferred to electrically conductive parts of the electric vehicle. There is no longer any danger for humans.
  • the contact pin 13 establishes a connection between the contact ring 15 with connection to the load circuit 22 and the contact ring 16 with connection to the ground. In this way, not only can the consumer circuit be separated from the storage cells in the event of an accident, but it can also be discharged.
  • two main switches 7 are provided, wherein the

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système électrique, comprenant un circuit consommateur (22) et plusieurs cellules de stockage/de transduction (24) connectées en série pour l'alimentation du circuit consommateur (22), ainsi qu'un capteur d'événements (26). L'invention est caractérisée par la présence entre les cellules de stockage/de transduction (24) connectées en série, de disjoncteurs (1) en position fermée lors du fonctionnement normal du système électrique, qui sont conçus et/ou disposés de telle façon qu'ils sont ouverts lors du déclenchement du capteur d'événements (26).
EP18810986.2A 2017-11-29 2018-11-26 Système électrique Pending EP3718123A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017011040.9A DE102017011040A1 (de) 2017-11-29 2017-11-29 Elektrisches System
PCT/EP2018/082532 WO2019105884A1 (fr) 2017-11-29 2018-11-26 Système électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3718123A1 true EP3718123A1 (fr) 2020-10-07

Family

ID=64500390

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18810986.2A Pending EP3718123A1 (fr) 2017-11-29 2018-11-26 Système électrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20230326688A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3718123A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN111194472B (fr)
DE (1) DE102017011040A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019105884A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4264773A1 (fr) * 2020-12-17 2023-10-25 Scorcioni, Alessandro Système de sécurité de batterie de véhicule

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4239979A (en) * 1977-05-12 1980-12-16 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Membrane contactor
NL7711895A (nl) * 1977-10-28 1979-05-02 Albert Ten Heuvel Drukgolf-schakelaar.
WO2000022641A1 (fr) * 1998-10-09 2000-04-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Commutateur moyenne tension
DE10354595B4 (de) * 2003-11-21 2005-09-22 Abb Technology Ag Spindelantrieb für einen Trenn- und/oder Erdungsschalter
FR2869450B1 (fr) * 2004-04-23 2007-03-02 Conception Et Dev Michelin Sa Dispositif de coupure pour circuit electrique, a declenchement pilote
DE102009027835A1 (de) * 2009-07-20 2011-01-27 SB LiMotive Company Ltd., Suwon Hybrides Batteriesystem
ITMI20111057A1 (it) * 2011-06-13 2012-12-14 Renzo Oldani Apparecchiatura per il sezionamento di un flusso di energia elettrica in uno o piu' conduttori.
FR2992770B1 (fr) * 2012-06-29 2014-08-01 Herakles Interrupteur electrique formant coupe-circuit a actionnement rapide
JP6234127B2 (ja) * 2012-10-11 2017-11-22 株式会社Gsユアサ 蓄電装置
CN203902309U (zh) * 2014-06-30 2014-10-29 观致汽车有限公司 用于车辆电池组管理系统
KR102415122B1 (ko) * 2015-08-20 2022-06-30 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 배터리 시스템

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2019105884A1 (fr) 2019-06-06
CN111194472B (zh) 2023-07-07
DE102017011040A1 (de) 2019-05-29
CN111194472A (zh) 2020-05-22
US20230326688A1 (en) 2023-10-12

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