EP3713842B1 - Flügelförmiges segel, herstellungsverfahren und damit verbundene vorrichtung und verwendungen davon, insbesondere für windgetriebene oder auftriebsfahrzeuge - Google Patents
Flügelförmiges segel, herstellungsverfahren und damit verbundene vorrichtung und verwendungen davon, insbesondere für windgetriebene oder auftriebsfahrzeuge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3713842B1 EP3713842B1 EP18827151.4A EP18827151A EP3713842B1 EP 3713842 B1 EP3713842 B1 EP 3713842B1 EP 18827151 A EP18827151 A EP 18827151A EP 3713842 B1 EP3713842 B1 EP 3713842B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wires
- envelope
- lateral wall
- rows
- walls
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
- B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
- B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
- B63H9/061—Rigid sails; Aerofoil sails
- B63H9/0615—Inflatable aerofoil sails
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of wings in the form of a wing, in particular for a vehicle with velic propulsion or velic lift, having an aerodynamic profile.
- the propulsion of the ship is provided by one or more simple sails made of stretched canvas.
- Another technology consists of a double canvas hoisted on a spar, inflated by the stopping pressure of the wind and whose asymmetric profile is generated by deformation by stretching one side of the profile (lower surface) or relaxing the other side ( extrados) mechanically or through alternately closed and open air inlets on each side of the wing.
- These devices which have been the subject of patent applications in particular FROM 202012001514 and WO 9826982 , have the main drawbacks of generating wing profiles whose geometry is difficult to control and different from the carrier aerodynamic profiles resulting from research such as the NACA or CLARK profiles. Indeed, the superiority of a wing over a classic wing is only true if the control of this profile is ensured over the entire surface of the wing.
- the shaping of such devices depends on the pressure of the air circulating around the profile to remain in the inflated state.
- a wing-shaped airfoil arranged vertically and composed of a front part including the leading edge and a rear part including the trailing edge, each part consisting of a piece of double-walled textile, the threads of which warp of the fabric are tied to the weft threads facing each other.
- the spacing between the two walls makes it possible to create a defined wing profile.
- These double-walled textile pieces are closed by a fabric glued and sewn at the top and bottom of the generated profile, the whole made airtight by coating with an elastomeric resin. Maintaining the profile thus obtained is ensured by inflating the airfoil, this pressurization of air being independent of the static or dynamic pressure of the air circulating around this profile.
- the wing thus produced according to the patent French FR 3 008 382 B1 aims to obtain the performance of a rigid wing, while being made of a flexible wing of low weight and with a reducible surface.
- the elements or parts of inflatable elements thus designed behave after pressurization, like elements with a rigid structure. They make the profile of the canopy subjected to the pressure exerted by the wind.
- a first object of the invention is to simplify the structure and therefore the production of such a flexible double-walled canopy.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a flexible airfoil without rigid elements.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a flexible double-walled, inflatable canopy without increasing the weight of this canopy and by preventing or limiting the risks of tearing or perforation of the weft threads, while retaining walls made of material. textile.
- Another object of the invention is not to reduce the performance of such a wing compared to the wing described in the patent.
- FR 3 008 382 B1 Another object of the invention is not to reduce the performance of such a wing compared to the wing described in the patent.
- the wing-shaped airfoil according to the present invention is an airfoil with an aerodynamic profile comprising, between its leading edge and its trailing edge, at least one closed flexible envelope, comprising between its front end on the side edge. attack and its rear end on the trailing edge side a first side wall and a second side wall, said side walls being spaced from each other on either side of the chord of said profile and leaving between them a suitable interior space to be inflated to form a rigid profile.
- This airfoil is characterized in that the interior space of the envelope is equipped with rows of wires, extending from its front end on the leading edge side to its rear end on the trailing edge side and held alternately on the inside face of the wing.
- each row of wires being arranged in a crenellated arrangement, in the form of crenellations, the tops of which correspond to the bonding or welding zones on the inner faces of the side walls of the envelope, the means for bonding or welding the wires on the inner faces of the first side wall and of the second side wall of the casing being retaining bands arranged transversely to said wires on the inner faces of said walls is lateral, ensuring the maintenance of segments of son and defining a "crenellated" arrangement of each row of son.
- Such a wing-shaped wing thus has, in the inflated state, a rigid, undeformable profile.
- Said connecting threads are independent of the warp threads and of the weft threads of the textile material which can form the envelope walls of the airfoil. These binding threads are therefore no longer woven with the weft threads of the textile wall. By not cooperating with either the warp threads or the weft threads of the textile wall, they therefore do not risk causing perforation or tearing of said wall.
- This airfoil is thus particularly suitable both for vehicles with velic propulsion and for vehicles with velic lift, examples of which will be mentioned below.
- each row of cords is arranged in a crenellated arrangement forming a plane substantially parallel to the chord of said aerodynamic profile.
- These so-called connecting threads are arranged substantially perpendicular to the two walls of the casing. Said walls of the casing facing each other are not parallel in approaching one another at their ends (for example from the front end to the trailing edge as shown schematically later on figure 2 ).
- the means for bonding or welding the wires to the inner faces of the first side wall and of the second side wall of the casing are retaining bands, glued or welded transversely to said wires on the inner faces of said casing. side walls, ensuring the maintenance of segments of threads and defining a "crenellated" arrangement of each row of threads.
- the contact of each connecting wire with the side walls is wider than a contact by “point”.
- each retaining band plates a segment of wire advantageously between said band and the inner face of said side wall.
- each retaining strip plates a segment of wire of a series of rows of wires, or of each row of wires, between said strip and the inner face of said side wall.
- the rows of threads mentioned here can be individual threads, groupings of several threads or even assemblies of threads such as nets. They allow the inflation air to pass through the entire interior space of the envelope, without weighing down the entire airfoil.
- said envelope is formed from a single piece, of flexible material, such as a folded and closed canvas, in particular at its ends applied one against the other along the trailing edge or along the side. from the leading edge.
- said envelope comprises at least two pieces of flexible material, such as fabrics, each constituting a side wall of the envelope, and the ends of which applied against each other close said envelope on the one hand. on the trailing edge side and on the other hand on the leading edge side.
- the fabric constituting the envelope is advantageously made of a textile material impregnated or covered with polymer on one or both sides (then corresponding to the external and / or internal surfaces of the envelope) to give it airtightness, in view of of its pressurization by inflation.
- each envelope, or section of envelope is equipped with inflation and deflation nozzles.
- the material constituting the walls of the envelope can also be a film (monolayer or multilayer) of polymer (PVC for example) or resin which can be reinforced with non-woven fibers.
- polymer such as PVC
- resin is for example to allow the application of a strip of the same type, welding on said internal face being able to take place by mutual fusion of the two layers of polymer or resin. It should be noted that, due to its 3D woven structure, the internal face of the fabric of the sail according to FR 3 008 382 B1 could not be coated with polymer or resin.
- the method according to the invention can comprise direct bonding or direct welding (if the nature of the wires allows it; wires of polymer material for example) of segments of wires on the inner faces of the casing walls.
- the bonding or welding step is carried out by applying retaining strips glued or welded transversely to said rows of wires alternately on the inner face of the first side wall d envelope and on the inside face of the second side wall, each glued or welded strip advantageously pressing a segment of wire between said strip and the inside face of the corresponding side wall.
- the rows of threads are preferably stationary, only the feed stations of the side walls of the casing and the presser feet being driven in translational movements in the direction of said rows of threads.
- the maximum spacing between these casing wall supply stations advantageously corresponds to the spacing between the two walls, in the inflated state of the casing.
- the presser feet can in particular support gluing nozzles or welding means, and any retaining strips to be glued or welded, depending on the embodiment chosen.
- the welding means can be high frequency (HF) transmitters, ultrasonic transmitters, infrared emitters or laser emitters.
- the feed stations for the materials of the wing envelope side walls can be equipped with an air suction system configured to press down and ensure the maintenance of a row of threads already welded or glued and the corresponding retaining strip against a side wall while welding or gluing the wires to the opposite side wall.
- an air suction system configured to press down and ensure the maintenance of a row of threads already welded or glued and the corresponding retaining strip against a side wall while welding or gluing the wires to the opposite side wall.
- the wing-shaped airfoil according to the present invention can find interesting applications in various fields.
- the present invention relates, for example, to the use of the canopy for producing wings with an aerodynamic profile for velic propulsion vehicles such as ships or for support and / or propulsion wings such as paragliding or kite wings. surfing, or for the realization of wind turbine blades.
- a mast is incorporated in said wing-shaped wing, which may be in several parts, one of these parts integrating the mast of the sailboat.
- kitesurf kites generally made up of an inflatable flange forming the leading edge of the wing and secondary flanges placed perpendicular to the rear of the leading edge ensuring the shaping of the canvas.
- the wing can advantageously be replaced by a wing-shaped airfoil according to the present invention.
- an example of a wing-shaped wing according to the invention with an aerodynamic profile suitable for a ship comprises two parts: a rear part 1 whose rear end forms the trailing edge 21 and a front part 2 whose end front forms the leading edge 22 of the airfoil.
- the front part 2 is integral in rotation with the mast 3, the rear part 1 being connected to the assembly of the front part 2 and the mast 3 by slides.
- a skirt 7 (visible on the figure 2 ), integral with the front part 2, makes it possible to cover the space left between the rear and front parts, thus avoiding a break in the aerodynamic profile. This space is necessary to allow orientation, at an angle a, of the front part relative to the cord 15 of the rear part.
- the airfoil may have, seen from the side, a generally rectangular shape or have cut sides 18, 19 at its top. Each part is here made in one piece, but can alternatively (not shown) be made up from top to bottom, of several assembled or independent sections.
- Each of these parts is formed of a closed envelope composed of a flexible material, such as a textile coated with polymer, on one or both sides, comprising side walls 5a and 5b facing each other spaced apart. one from the other while leaving an interior space suitable for being inflated.
- Inflation and deflation nozzles are provided in each envelope, or section of envelope.
- These side walls 5a and 5b are connected to each other by rows of wires 4 (shown diagrammatically on figure 2 and the figures 3 to 7 in broken lines), the wires extending, along the cord 15, between the front end to the rear end of a casing (for the casing of the rear part 1 of the airfoil: shown diagrammatically on figure 2 from the closed front end 16 to the closed rear end by bringing the walls 5a and 5b together along the trailing edge 21).
- wires 4 shown diagrammatically on figure 2 and the figures 3 to 7 in broken lines
- the wires extending, along the cord 15, between the front end to the rear end of a casing (for the casing of the rear part 1 of the airfoil: shown diagrammatically on figure 2 from the closed front end 16 to the closed rear end by bringing the walls 5a and 5b together along the trailing edge 21).
- Each row of wire 4 is applied alternately on the internal face of the first side wall 5a and of the second side wall 5b in a crenellated arrangement, and the tops of these crenellations being held in place against each of said internal faces by means, in the example shown, of a strip 6 which may be a textile strip.
- This strip can be applied by gluing or welding on said internal faces of the walls 5a, 5b.
- the width of the strips 6, arranged here perpendicular to several rows of wires 4, defines the contact surface between each wire 4 and the internal face of the side walls 5a, 5b of the casing. This width can be a few millimeters.
- the spacing between two adjacent bands 6 is close the width of each of said bands.
- Parallel rows of wires 4 are stretched by fixing their ends, on the one hand, to an attachment zone 11 at one end of the wire and, on the other hand, to reels 12 for unwinding the wires 4 at the other end. of these threads.
- a comb 17 separates and keeps the different rows of threads 4 apart from one another.
- stations 24a and 24b are provided for supplying material, on the one hand, from the first side wall 5a of the casing of the airfoil, and, on the other hand, for supplying the material of the second side wall 5b of the casing.
- stations 24a and 24b comprise guide rails 8a and 8b respectively allowing the translational movement of rollers 25a and 25b for supplying the two materials by moving closer or relative spacing of said stations 24a and 24b with respect to one another. other, on either side of the rows of wires 4.
- each shell material is held in place by means of holding elements 9a, 9b, here in the form of split rollers.
- Presser feet 10a and 10b are also arranged on either side of the rows of wires 4. These feet are here also supports for welding means or adhesive strips 6 able to come alternately press the rows of wires respectively against the inner face of the wall 5a and the inner face of the material of the wall 5b, that is to say that when a presser foot 10a or 10b is in action the other is released so as not to interfere with the action in progress .
- the band 6 can optionally be placed on these presser feet before they start to move.
- the gluing or welding of either the wires 4 or the tape 6 (which can be a canvas, adhesive or tape strip). coated with thermoplastic polymer) and the wires 4 is made.
- the rail 8a or 8b associated with a pressure roller brings the material respectively of the first wall 5a or of the second wall 5b and presses it against the rows of wires 4 and / or the strip 6 during the assembly period.
- the corresponding support foot 10a or 10b then withdraws and is placed outside the action zone.
- the other support foot 10b or 10a then starts to move and repeats the operation on the second face of the wall of the envelope.
- the maintenance of the rows of wires 4 and of the possible band 6 glued or welded during the previous phase can be ensured by suction, the rail 8a or 8b being able to be equipped with an air suction system (not shown on the figures).
- a suction system makes it possible to press and maintain a row of wires 4 already welded or glued and possibly the corresponding retaining strip 6 against the walls during the welding or gluing of the wires 4 on the wall. opposite side.
- the maintenance against the presser roller 13b of the material of the wall 5b and of the strip 6 is thus ensured while the presser foot 10b presses the row of threads 4 against the presser roller 13a (see figure 6 ).
- the device according to the invention makes it possible to modulate the spacing e between the stations 24a and 24b and therefore between the materials of the envelope walls 5a and 5b and thus to produce envelopes with defined aerodynamic profiles.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Claims (13)
- Flügelförmiges Segel mit aerodynamischem Profil, umfassend, zwischen seiner Vorderkante und seiner Hinterkante (20), mindestens einen geschlossenen flexiblen Mantel, der zwischen seinem vorderen Ende vorderkantenseitig und seinem hinteren Ende hinterkantenseitig eine erste Seitenwand (5a) und eine zweite Seitenwand (5b) aufweist, wobei die Seitenwände beiderseits der Sehne (15) des Profils voneinander beabstandet sind und zwischen sich einen Innenraum ausbilden, der imstande ist, aufgeblasen zu sein, um ein starres Profil zu bilden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Innenraum des Mantels mit Reihen von Drähten (4) ausgestattet ist, die sich von seinem vorderen Ende vorderkantenseitig zu seinem hinteren Ende hinterkantenseitig erstrecken und abwechselnd auf der Innenseite der ersten Seitenwand (5a) und der Innenseite der zweiten Seitenwand (5b) des Mantels durch Befestigungsmittel durch Kleben oder Schweißen gehalten werden, wobei die geklebten oder geschweißten Drähte die maximale Beabstandung zwischen den zwei Seitenwänden im aufgeblasenen Zustand des Mantels sichern,
wobei jede Reihe von Drähten (4) gemäß einer gezackten Anordnung in Form von Zacken angeordnet ist, deren Spitzen den Klebe- oder Schweißbereichen auf den Innenseiten der Seitenwände (5a, 5b) des Mantels entsprechen,
wobei die Klebe- oder Schweißmittel der Drähte auf den Innenseiten der ersten Seitenwand (5a) und der zweiten Seitenwand (5b) des Mantels Haltebänder (6) sind, die quer zu den Drähten auf den Innenseiten der Seitenwände angeordnet sind, die den Halt von Drahtsegmente sichern und eine "gezackte" Anordnung jeder Reihe von Drähten (4) definieren. - Segel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Reihe von Drähten (4) gemäß einer gezackten Anordnung angeordnet ist, indem sie eine im Wesentlichen parallele Ebene zu der Sehne des aerodynamischen Profils bildet.
- Segel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Kontakt mit jeder der Innenseiten der Seitenwände (5a, 5b) des Mantels jedes Halteband (6) ein Drahtsegment zwischen das Band und die Innenseite der Seitenwand drückt.
- Segel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Kontakt mit der Innenseite einer Seitenwand des Mantels jedes Halteband (6) ein Drahtsegment einer Reihe von Drähten (4) oder jede Drahtreihe zwischen das Band 6 und die Innenseite der Seitenwand drückt.
- Segel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mantel aus einem einzigen Stück aus flexiblem Material wie z. B. einem gefalteten und geschlossenen Tuch gebildet ist.
- Segel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mantel mindestens zwei Teile aus flexiblem Material wie z. B. Tücher umfasst, wobei jedes eine Seitenwand des Mantels bildet, und wobei die gegeneinander angebrachten Enden des Mantels einerseits hinterkantenseitig und andererseits vorderkantenseitig schließen.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung des Segels nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, umfassend die folgenden aufeinanderfolgenden Schritte:- Positionieren eines flexiblen Segelmantelmaterials wie z. B. ein Tuch gemäß zwei einander gegenüber angeordneten Seitenwänden,- Platzieren, zwischen den Innenseiten der Seitenwände (5a, 5b), von Reihen gespannter Drähte (4),- Kleben oder Schweißen von Drahtsegmenten jeder Reihe von Drähten (4) abwechselnd auf die Innenseite der ersten Seitenwand (5a) und die Innenseite der zweiten Seitenwand (5b),- festes Verbinden der Enden der Wände des Mantels, um einen geschlossenen Mantel zu bilden, der aufblasbar ist,- und Aufblasen des Mantels, um ein starres aerodynamisches Profil zu bilden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt des Klebens oder des Schweißens durch Aufbringen von Haltebändern (6) erfolgt, die quer zu den Reihen von Drähten (4) abwechselnd auf die Innenseite der ersten Seitenwand (5a) des Mantels und auf die Innenseite der zweiten Seitenwand (5b) geklebt oder geschweißt werden, wobei jedes Halteband (6) ein Drahtsegment zwischen das Band und die Innenseite der entsprechenden Seitenwand drückt.
- Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8 zur Herstellung eines Segels nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie in Kombination umfasst:- parallele Reihen von zwischen einerseits einem Befestigungsbereich (11) eines Endes der Drähte und andererseits Wickelspulen (12) der Drähte auf der anderen Seite der Drähte gespannten Drähten,- Posten (24a) zum Zuführen des Materials der ersten Seitenwand des Mantels des Segels und Posten (24b) zum Zuführen des Materials der zweiten Seitenwand des Mantels, aufweisend Führungsschienen (8a, 8b), angeordnet beiderseits der Reihen von Drähten (4), wobei die Posten durch Annähern oder Entfernen mit Bezug zueinander translatorisch beweglich sind,- Druckfüße (10a, 10b), die beiderseits der Reihen von Drähten (4) angeordnet sind, wobei jeder Druckfuß in Richtung der Reihen von Drähten (4) translatorisch beweglich und ausgelegt ist, um durch Kleben oder Schweißen Segmente der Drähte auf die Innenseite der Seitenwand des Mantels aufzubringen, die auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Reihe von Drähten angeordnet ist,- und Mittel zum Vorschub der Einheit "Posten zum Zuführen von Mantelwänden - Drückfüße"" entlang der Drahtreihen je nach Befestigung der Drähte auf den Innenseiten der Mantelwände.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Druckfüße (10a, 10b) Klebedüsen oder Schweißmittel und eventuell Haltebänder tragen.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Posten (24a, 24b) zum Zuführen der Materialien der Seitenwände (5a, 5b) des Mantels des Segels mit einem System zum Ansaugen von Luft ausgestattet sind, das ausgelegt ist, um eine Reihe von Drähten (4), die bereits auf einer Seitenwand geschweißt oder geklebt sind, und das eventuelle entsprechende Halteband während des Schweißens oder des Klebens der Drähte auf der gegenüberliegenden Seitenwand anzudrücken und den Halt sicherzustellen.
- Verwendung des Segels nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 für die Herstellung von Flügeln mit aerodynamischem Profil für Geräte mit Segelantrieb wie z. B. Schiffe oder Auftriebs- und/oder windgetriebene Segel wie z. B. Gleitschirm- oder Kitesurfsegel.
- Verwendung des Segels nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 für die Herstellung von Windturbinenblättern.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1761087A FR3073817A1 (fr) | 2017-11-23 | 2017-11-23 | Voilure en forme d'aile, son procede de fabrication et dispositif associe, ainsi que ses utilisations, notamment pour les engins a propulsion velique ou sustentation velique |
PCT/FR2018/052791 WO2019102097A1 (fr) | 2017-11-23 | 2018-11-09 | Voilure en forme d'aile, procédé de fabrication et dispositif associés, ainsi que ses utilisations, notamment pour les engins à propulsion vélique ou sustentation vélique |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3713842A1 EP3713842A1 (de) | 2020-09-30 |
EP3713842B1 true EP3713842B1 (de) | 2021-08-18 |
Family
ID=60955290
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18827151.4A Active EP3713842B1 (de) | 2017-11-23 | 2018-11-09 | Flügelförmiges segel, herstellungsverfahren und damit verbundene vorrichtung und verwendungen davon, insbesondere für windgetriebene oder auftriebsfahrzeuge |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3713842B1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR3073817A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019102097A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE319138C (de) * | 1917-06-14 | 1920-03-01 | Anthony H G Fokker | Neuerung an Segelfahrzeugen |
FR2556310B1 (fr) * | 1983-12-12 | 1986-09-19 | Zodiac | Voile gonflable ou partie de voile gonflable et embarcation equipee d'une telle voile ou partie de voile |
FR3008381A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-16 | Jean Luc Hauser | Profil aerodynamique gonflable, pour tout dispositif a portance ou propulsion velique |
-
2017
- 2017-11-23 FR FR1761087A patent/FR3073817A1/fr active Pending
-
2018
- 2018-11-09 EP EP18827151.4A patent/EP3713842B1/de active Active
- 2018-11-09 WO PCT/FR2018/052791 patent/WO2019102097A1/fr unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2019102097A1 (fr) | 2019-05-31 |
FR3073817A1 (fr) | 2019-05-24 |
EP3713842A1 (de) | 2020-09-30 |
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