Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
  • D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
  • D02G3/404—Yarns or threads coated with polymeric solutions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
  • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
  • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
  • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
  • B63H9/061—Rigid sails; Aerofoil sails
  • B63H9/0615—Inflatable aerofoil sails
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
  • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
  • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
  • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
  • B63H9/067—Sails characterised by their construction or manufacturing process
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
  • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
  • D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
  • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
  • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
  • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
  • B63H9/067—Sails characterised by their construction or manufacturing process
  • B63H9/0678—Laminated sails
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
  • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
  • Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
  • Y10T428/2969—Polyamide, polyimide or polyester

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a reinforcing textile yarn for an inflatable sail, such as a rigging sail or a flying sail. It also relates to a rigging sail, in particular a mainsail, comprising at least one such reinforcing textile thread.
• the mainsail On a sailboat, the mainsail is generally the lowest sail of the mainmast and the largest when fully deployed. For a long time, this sail was made by a taffeta made of polyester yarn. Recently, particularly in the field of competition rigging, it has been proposed to replace taffeta with lighter, stronger and more efficient complexes for transmitting wind propulsion efforts. These complexes are typically in the form of a membrane including two plastic films, which are laminated to each other, trapping between them a reinforcing grid. This grid consists of a set of son, arranged in a regular pattern, such as a rhombus or a square, which, by repetition, defines the entire grid.
• the grid is a two-dimensional assembly son, often a weave, which can be associated with a rectilinear main direction and another rectilinear direction, for example perpendicular to the previous, both belonging to the plane of the grid.
• This structure gives the grid a tear resistance and, more generally, an ability to mechanically strengthen the two contiguous films of the complex, with properties that are not generally identical in all directions of the plane, but which are pre-established relative to to the aforementioned main direction, depending on the pattern of the grid.
• the service constraints are established along curved stress lines, which generally connect in pairs the vertices and / or the edges of the sail. veil, the aforementioned grid is solicited, within the complex, in directions that change with respect to the main direction of the grid, with local risks of damage to the complex.
• these individual reinforcing threads induces practical problems. Indeed, given their considerable thickness compared to the thicknesses of the other constituents of the complex, these threads create significant relief discontinuities: in the long term, these discontinuities are delamination primers of the complex, as well as zones of wear of the complex by friction with the wind. These drawbacks are even more pronounced in the vertices of the sail, where the end parts of a large number of these threads are concentrated and superimposed, if necessary leaving free spaces, not occupied by the films or by glue of the complex. The life of the sail is then limited.
• WO-A-94/1118 proposed to replace these individual threads with strips each consisting of a plurality of parallel monofilaments, which , in a matrix linking them together, are arranged in a single layer whose thickness is equal to the diameter, typically less than 20 ⁇ , monofilaments.
• the sail obtained thus includes several of these strips so that the monofilaments of each of them extend in respective directions which are inclined relative to each other: within the complex constituting this sail, the intercrossing density of monofilaments are increased.
• This solution is attractive on paper, but is particularly difficult to implement because it requires the manufacture, including pultrusion, the strips detailed above, having a thickness of a single monofilament.
• EP-A-0 625 417 discloses a reinforcing thread which includes sheath, within which filaments run in a powder. The aerated structure of this powder is used to give great flexibility to the wire. In practice, this reinforcing thread can not be used within a laminated outer film complex.
• the purpose of the present invention is to provide individual reinforcing son, which, while ensuring an effective oriented reinforcing effect for an inflatable sail, does not limit the life, especially without inducing premature wear.
• the subject of the invention is a reinforcing textile yarn for an inflatable sail, as defined in claim 1.
• the invention also relates to a rigging sail, as defined in claim 13.
• the reinforcement yarn according to the invention has an oblong cross section, that is to say a longer than wide cross section, whose width, in other words the thickness of the yarn when the latter is considered within an inflatable sail, in particular within the rigging sail according to the invention, is less than 0.06 times its length, that is to say 0.06 times the width of the wire when the latter is considered within the inflatable sail, it being understood that the length of the aforementioned wire corresponds to the dimension of this wire in its longitudinal direction within the inflatable sail.
• the individual reinforcing threads according to the invention do not induce significant variation in the total thickness of the inflatable sail, in the sense that the small variation of this thickness, in the zones where at least one of these son is accommodated by the rest of the inflatable sail, in particular by the two plastic films of the rigging sail according to the invention, without risk of delamination between these films.
• the flat threads also have the advantage of giving the inflatable sail a great flexibility, avoiding stiffening locally.
• the external relief of the inflatable sail, resulting from the presence of the flat reinforcing son is very little pronounced or almost nonexistent, which creates very little or almost no resistance by friction for the wind.
• the cumulative thickness of the constituents of the inflatable sail remains moderate. : thus, the cohesion between the various reinforcing threads and the grid is maintained without material discontinuity by the two-habant films of the rigging sail according to the invention.
• the invention also relates to a rig as defined in the claim
• FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a sailboat equipped with a rig according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a schematic exploded perspective view showing the constituents of the circled sail area II in FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 is a schematic section along the plane III of Figure 2;
• FIG. 4 is a schematic view, on a larger scale, of the circled area IV in Figure 3;
• Figure 5 is a partial schematic section of the sail, in the assembled state, of Figure 2.
• FIG. 1 a sailboat 1 whose rigging 2 comprises, among other things, a mainsail 3 connected to a mast 4 belonging to the rigging 2, typically by ropes not shown in FIG.
• the mainsail 3 consists of a tissue complex, corresponding to the superposition of several layers joined together.
• the mainsail 3 can be made of a single piece of complex or, more frequently, the mainsail consists of several coupons complex, individually shaped flat and assembled to each other to form jointly the mainsail.
• the mainsail complex 3 comprises at least four superimposed layers, namely two opposing films 5 and 6 constituting the two faces.
• Z is the rectilinear direction corresponding to the thickness of the mainsail complex 3: thus, one succeeds in this superimposed direction Z, the film 5, the grid 7, the layer 8 of the son 81, 82 and 83, and the film 6.
• the different layers components of the complex extend generally in a plane perpendicular to the Z direction.
• the complex in service, that is to say when the mainsail 3 is inflated by the wind for the purpose of propulsion of the boat 1, the complex generally has a three-dimensional geometry, more or less domed shape.
• the films 5 and 6 are made of plastic material, being noted that, in practice, the same plastic is used for both films.
• the above-mentioned plastics material is polyester, advantageously treated to resist ultraviolet: it may especially be polyethylene terephthalate (PET), optionally mixed with a fluoropolymer of the PVDF type, such as than polyvinylidene fluoride.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• the thickness of each film 5, 6 is typically of the order of ten micrometers, for example between 5 and 50 ⁇ .
• the gate 7 comprises, or as in the embodiment considered in the figures, consists of an assembly of rectilinear son 71 arranged relative to each other by repeating, regularly in the plane of the grid 7, a predetermined basic pattern.
• this pattern consists of a rhombus completed with one of its diagonals.
• the various wires 71 constituting the grid 7 are positioned relative to one another according to a pre-established geometry, both in relative orientation and in relative spacing in the plane of the grid.
• the son 71 are made of polyester, aramid, carbon, etc. Moreover, within the same grid 7, son 71 made of different respective materials and with different respective titles can be mixed.
• the threads 71 of the grid 7 are interwoven in the manner of a fabric with some of the threads acting as weft threads, while the other threads act as warp threads.
• the wires 71 do not intersect not, but are superimposed, being divided into at least two superimposed layers. If necessary, the son 71 are, at their intersections or their crossings, glued or welded to each other. As a detailed example, the reader can consult the document EP-A-1 1 1 1 1 14.
• the thickness of the grid 7 is equal to the thickness of the wires 71 for the most part of this grid, except in the quasi-point areas where at least two of the wires 71 intersect or intersect, overlapping in the direction Z, areas in which the thickness of the grid 7 is locally increased at most as many times as the number of son 71 overlapping.
• the thickness of the wires 71, and thus the thickness of the grid 7, except for the overlap areas of several wires 71 may be of the order of a hundred or a few hundred micrometers. , or even more, depending in particular on the title of the threads.
• the function of the grid 7 is to mechanically strengthen the contiguous films 5 and 6, typically by increasing the resistance of the complex to tearing. More generally, as explained in the introductory part of this document, the intercrossing of the wires 71 give the grid 7 mechanical strength properties, which are different in the direction in the plane of the grid, depending on the geometry of the pattern elementary of this interlacing.
• the wires 81, 82 and 83 of the layer 8 are individual wires, in the sense that, before assembly of the mainsail complex 3, these wires 81, 82 and 83 are mechanically independent of each other.
• the son 81, 82 and 83 have the function of reinforcing this complex, being oriented along predetermined lines of effort and, in particular, curved stress lines: thus, each of the son 81, 82 and 83 extends in length, in the plane of the mainsail complex 3, in a proper longitudinal direction X81, X82, X83, possibly curved, as shown in FIG.
• each of these wires 81, 82, 83 thus follows, along its longitudinal direction X81, X82, X83, a prefixed path, along which it has been predetermined, in particular by ad hoc prior calculations, that Significant constraints will apply to the mainsail complex 3 when this mainsail is in service, especially at a given pace.
• the stresses applied to the mainsail complex 3 are then supported, essentially or almost entirely, by one or more of the wires 81, 82 and 83. which are sized accordingly.
• the other constituents of the complex that are the films 5 and 6 and the grid 7, can be dimensioned, in terms of mechanical strength, minimally, which, between other, reduces the overall weight of the mainsail 3.
• at least some of the aforementioned lines of effort connect the vertices of the mainsail 2 in pairs in a curved manner in the plane of the mainsail. complex of this mainsail.
• the wire 82 comprises, or, as in the example considered here, consists of an assembly body 820 which extends in length in the direction X82, being substantially centered on an axis geometrically materializing the direction X82.
• the wire 82 does not have, in cross-section along its longitudinal direction X82, a circular profile or even close to a circle, as might be expected for a traditionally used textile reinforcement yarn in the field concerned here.
• the cross-section of the assembly body 820 of the wire 82 i.e. its section in a geometric plane perpendicular to its longitudinal direction X82, has an oblong shape, i.e. a shape significantly longer than wide.
• the body 820 has a width significantly greater than its thickness, it being agreed that the thickness of the wire is its dimension considered in the Z direction while its width is its dimension which, in the plane of the mainsail complex 3, is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction X82.
• the length of the elongated section of the overall body 820 of the wire 82 is noted, while e is the width of this oblong section, respectively with reference to the width and the thickness of the wire 82.
• the width / wire 82 is significantly smaller than the corresponding dimension of the films 5 and 6, so that, in the assembled state of the complex constituting the mainsail 3, the wire does not cover the entire area with respect to each of the films 5 and 6, but, on the contrary, covers only a limited fraction, which ensures a good flexibility to the complex.
• the wire 82 may be described as flat or flattened wire, which for the purposes of this document consists in providing that the ratio e // between its thickness and its width, ie the ratio between the maximum width and the length of the oblong section of its overall body 820 is less than 0.06, or preferably less than 0.05.
• the flat or flattened shape of the overall body 820 of the wire 82 is related to the constitution of this overall body. Indeed, as shown schematically in FIG. 4, the body 820 is not a single piece, but results from the agglutination of a large number of elementary filaments 821: each of these filaments 821 can be individually dissociated from the others and, in this sense, can so be called monofilament. Individually, it can be considered that each of these filaments 821 has, in cross section along the axis X82, a substantially circular section, with a diameter of the order of ten micrometers, in particular between 3 and 30 ⁇ .
• these filaments 821 are arranged relative to each other to give this overall body 820 the oblong section described above, being noted that several hundreds or even one or a few thousand filaments, in other words at least two hundred, or even at least one thousand filaments, are thus agglutinated to form the overall body 820.
• the thickness e of the overall body 820 is greater than 50 ⁇ , being in particular of the order of one-tenth of a millimeter, which is to say that, in the direction Z, several filaments 821, in particular one or even several tens of filaments 821 succeed each other over the thickness 820. More precise quantitative examples will be given at the very end of this description.
• the filaments 821 are made either of an organic material, in particular aramid, polyamide, polyester, especially aromatic polyester, such as VECTRAN (registered trademark), or polyethylene, especially polyethylene high density (HDPE) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), such as PENTEX (registered trademark), or a mineral material, especially carbon or glass.
• organic material in particular aramid, polyamide, polyester, especially aromatic polyester, such as VECTRAN (registered trademark), or polyethylene, especially polyethylene high density (HDPE) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), such as PENTEX (registered trademark), or a mineral material, especially carbon or glass.
• the overall body 820 of the wire 82 is glued, heart and, advantageously, externally. More specifically, as shown schematically in Figure 4, glue or, more generally, a coating material is provided interposed between the filaments 821, thereby forming a bonding binder 822 between these filaments. In addition, a coating material is advantageously provided wrapping around the filaments 821 located at the periphery of the overall body 820, so as to form a coating sheath 823 of this body 820. Although, as a variant not shown, only the binder 822is actually present, this binder 822 and the sheath 823 are advantageously associated, being, in practice, constituted by the same constitutive adhesive, in particular applied by sizing, more generally by coating.
• the binder 822 and the sheath 823 help to hold the filaments 821 in place within the overall body 820.
• the binder 822 is specifically designed to function of limiting or even preventing water infiltration by capillarity in the overall body 820.
• the sheath 823 it specifically has the additional function of facilitating the use of the wire 82, in particular by allowing its winding and / or by improving its physico-chemical integration within the mainsail complex 3, as mentioned below.
• the coating material or materials used to form the binder 822 and the sheath 823 are advantageously based on a polymer, in particular based on acrylic, polyurethane or polyethylene. Specific references of usable glues are given at the very end of the description.
• the overall body 820 has a part of its mass of the coating material constituting this binder and, if appropriate, this sheath. It is thus possible to define a coating ratio of the overall body 820, which is defined as a hundred times the ratio between, on the one hand, the difference between the title of the coated wire and the title of the uncoated wire, and, d on the other hand, the title of the uncoated wire. In practice, this coating rate is between 5 and 100%. It is preferably less than 50%, for reasons related in particular to the final weight of the mainsail complex 3.
• the contour of the cross section of the assembly body 820 has two substantially flat opposed segments 820A and 820B, between which the width of its contour is defined, that is, The thickness e of the overall body 820. This amounts to saying that the segments 820A and 820B extend substantially perpendicularly to the direction Z, being separated from the distance e.
• These flat segments 820A and 820B are connected in pairs by two opposed segments 820C and 820D of the transverse contour of the assembly body 820, these segments 820C and 820D being convex, in particular by continuously connecting the flat segments 820A and 820B.
• the segments 820A and 820B are not strictly flat, in the sense that they are defined by a succession of filaments 821 located at the periphery of the overall body 820, where appropriate covered by a portion of the sheath. 823.
• This embodiment has the advantage that the thickness e of the overall body 820 has a substantially constant value over most of the width of this body, especially without having, in the direction of the width of the body 820 , a local maximum value.
• the oblong contour of the cross section of the assembly body 820 can correspond substantially to an ellipse or, more generally, to a substantially elliptical contour, which is centered on an axis that geometrically embodies the direction X82 and whose minor axis extends in the direction Z.
• the ratio between the maximum width and the maximum length of this contour corresponds to the ratio between the small radius and the large radius of the elliptical shape.
• the ratio between the title of the wire 82 and the width / of its overall body 820 is provided less than a predetermined value. This amounts, for a given yarn, to provide a thickness e of the overall body 820 sufficiently small so that the filaments 821 of this body are distributed over a large width.
• the aforementioned ratio is advantageously less than 1000 (thousand), by expressing the title of the overall body 820 uncoated in dTex and expressing its width /, that is to say the length of its oblong contour in millimeters.
• one of these processes consists of starting from a pre-existing wire with a substantially circular cross-section, and then subjecting it to one or more flattening operations, accompanied, where appropriate, by coating operations, in particular sizing, in order to result in the structure of the wire 82 presented in detail above.
• the reader may, by way of a detailed example, refer to document US-A-2010/0089017.
• the wire 82 may be manufactured directly from the filaments 821, including arranging them relative to each other to obtain the structure described above.
• a flattened or flat wire is advantageously capable of being wound and stored for later use, in particular for manufacturing the mainsail complex 3.
• the manufacture of the mainsail complex 3, that is to say the assembly of the films 5 and 6, the grid 7 and the son 81, 82 and 83 can be achieved by various methods.
• the grid 7 coming for example from a coil is deposited on it successively, and the wires 81, 82 and 83, the latter being obtained in particular by cutting from a coil of wire as the one mentioned in the previous paragraph, then the film 6 is reported on the semi-complex thus formed, in order to obtain the complete complex.
• the grid 7 and the son 81, 82 and 83 are initially prepositioned between the films 5 and 6, before constraining the joining of these films, in particular by creating a depression between them.
• the films 5 and 6 are held together by any appropriate means, especially by gluing, the glue can be made externally or be integrated with one and / or the other of the films.
• this glue effectively binds to sheath 823.
• the complex of the mainsail 3 has the schematic configuration of FIG. 5, with, among other things, the wires 71 of the grid 7 and the wire 82 trapped between them. 5 and 6.
• This schematic representation of FIG. 5 illustrates that the presence of the wire 82 does not induce significant relief discontinuity for the complex, particularly compared to the wires 71 of the grid 7.
• the thickness e of the assembly body 820 of the wire 82 is advantageously au ns twice smaller than that of the wires 71 of the grid 7 in the direction Z.
• the complex of the mainsail 3 can include at least one additional layer, in the form of a taffeta, corresponding to a polyester fabric, for example from 40 to 90 g / m 2 ; in practice, this additional layer of taffeta is either interposed between the films 5 and 6, in a position of indifferent interposition vis-à-vis the grid 7 and the layer of reinforcing son 8, or be reported in overlay to Mon and / or the other of films 5 and 6; in all cases, this or these additional layers of taffeta weigh down the complex of the mainsail 3, but give it a more traditional aesthetic, that is to say, an aesthetic pronounced of the mainsails constituted exclusively of such polyester fabric;
• mainsail 3 such as a spinnaker or a gennaker, can be made in a complex as described so far; and or
• 83 can be integrated with other inflatable sails that rigging sails, in the sense that such inflatable sails allow, under the action of wind or a gas, to produce a traction effect or levitation vis- a body connected to the inflatable sail; in particular, flight sails, such as paragliding, kite-surfing, hang gliding, kite flying, parachute, aerostat balloon, etc., are advantageously affected.
• EXAMPLE 1 Reinforcing yarn 81, 82, 83, which includes 2,000 filaments made of aramid, more precisely KEVLAR®, which has a titer of 3,300 dTex, which is coated at 30% by weight. an acrylic adhesive, such as the adhesive marketed under the reference "UCECOAT DW 3134" from CYTEC, and which has a width / equal to 4 mm and a maximum thickness e equal to 0.1 mm.
• an acrylic adhesive such as the adhesive marketed under the reference "UCECOAT DW 3134" from CYTEC, and which has a width / equal to 4 mm and a maximum thickness e equal to 0.1 mm.
• this thread has a stiffness of 8.8 TABER stiffness units, ie 0.8 TSU (for "Taber Stiffness Units", corresponding to reference units). being carried out on test pieces of three wires 3 cm long and with a deflection angle of 15%.
• This measurement reflects a great flexibility for the yarn of Example 1, in particular by comparison with a yarn having the same constituents but substantially round section, whose stiffness was measured at 56.6 TABER stiffness units, or 5 TSU.
• Example 2 reinforcing thread 81, 82, 83, which includes 1000 filaments of aramid, which has a title of 1 680 dTex, which is coated with 30% of a polyester-polyurethane type glue, such as glue marketed under the reference "PRIMAL NW- 1845K "of the company ROHM-AND-HAAS, and which has a width / equal to 2.7 mm and a maximum thickness e equal to 0.1 mm.
• a polyester-polyurethane type glue such as glue marketed under the reference "PRIMAL NW- 1845K "of the company ROHM-AND-HAAS, and which has a width / equal to 2.7 mm and a maximum thickness e equal to 0.1 mm.
• Example 3 reinforcing thread 81, 82, 83, which comprises polyester filaments, more specifically VECTRAN (registered trademark), which has a title of 2530 dTex, which is coated with 21% of an acrylic glue, such as the adhesive sold under the reference "PRIMAL E 941 P" of the company ROHM-AND-HAAS and which has a width / equal to 2.7 mm and a thickness e equal to 0.16 mm.
• VECTRAN registered trademark
• an acrylic glue such as the adhesive sold under the reference "PRIMAL E 941 P" of the company ROHM-AND-HAAS and which has a width / equal to 2.7 mm and a thickness e equal to 0.16 mm.
• Example 4 reinforcing thread 81, 82, 83, which comprises carbon filaments, which has a title of 8 200dTex, which is coated with 25% of a polyether-polyurethane glue, such as the glue marketed under the reference “ IMPRANIL LP RSC 4002 "from Bayer, which has a width / equal to 5 mm and a thickness e equal to 0.18 mm.
• a polyether-polyurethane glue such as the glue marketed under the reference " IMPRANIL LP RSC 4002 "from Bayer, which has a width / equal to 5 mm and a thickness e equal to 0.18 mm.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

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