EP3710742B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung einer wärmedämmbarriere für eine wand eines gefässes und dadurch hergestellte wärmedämmbarriere - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung einer wärmedämmbarriere für eine wand eines gefässes und dadurch hergestellte wärmedämmbarriere Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3710742B1
EP3710742B1 EP18819179.5A EP18819179A EP3710742B1 EP 3710742 B1 EP3710742 B1 EP 3710742B1 EP 18819179 A EP18819179 A EP 18819179A EP 3710742 B1 EP3710742 B1 EP 3710742B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulative
blocking member
insulating
support structure
thermal insulation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18819179.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3710742A1 (de
Inventor
Mickaël HERRY
Antoine PHILIPPE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Publication of EP3710742A1 publication Critical patent/EP3710742A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of tanks, sealed and thermally insulating, with membranes, for the storage and/or transport of a fluid, such as a cryogenic fluid.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • Each wall of the tank comprises a multilayer structure having successively, in the direction of the thickness, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary thermal insulation barrier comprising insulating panels retained on a support structure, a secondary sealing membrane resting against the secondary thermal insulation barrier, a primary thermal insulation barrier comprising insulating panels resting against the secondary sealing membrane and a primary sealing membrane resting against the primary thermal insulation barrier and intended to be in contact with the liquefied natural gas contained in the tank.
  • Each insulation panel of the primary thermal insulation barrier has cutouts along its edges and at its corners.
  • cutouts define recesses in which are housed anchoring devices ensuring the fixing of the insulating panels of the primary thermal insulation barrier on the insulating panels of the secondary thermal insulation barrier.
  • Insulating plugs are intended to be housed in the recesses provided in the primary thermal insulation barrier in order to ensure continuity of the thermal insulation.
  • the dimensional tolerances of the insulating plugs are low so that the insulating plugs are adjusted as best as possible to the dimensions of the recesses.
  • a second feature is that the recesses in the direction perpendicular to the thickness are as limited as possible, with the aim of limiting as far as possible gas movement phenomena which could affect the thermal performance.
  • the document GB2523581 discloses a manufacturing method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a thermal insulation barrier according to the preamble of claim 11.
  • An idea underlying the invention is to propose a method of manufacturing a thermal insulation barrier, intended to define an internal support surface of a sealing membrane and having recesses as well as insulating plugs housed in said recesses, which is simple to implement and which limits the presence of unevenness in the internal support surface of the sealing membrane in line with the recesses.
  • the initial dimension of the insulating plug in the direction of thickness of the vessel wall is no longer critical since when the insulating plug is pushed inside the recess, its dimension in the direction of thickness of the wall, is irreversibly reduced, and this until the inner end of the insulating plug reaches the desired position.
  • this method makes it possible to adjust the dimension of the insulating plug according to the thickness direction of the vessel wall directly during the integration of the thermal insulation barrier on the supporting structure. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to simplify the manufacture of the insulating plugs by allowing an increase in its dimensional tolerances, and on the other hand, to limit the amplitude of the unevenness likely to form in the internal support surface of the sealing membrane.
  • such a method may have one or more of the following characteristics.
  • the insulating plug is made of polymer foam having a density of between 20 and 60 kg/m 3 .
  • foam can be easily deformed irreversibly, by hand without a dedicated tool.
  • the insulating plug is made of polyurethane foam.
  • the insulating cap is made of expanded polystyrene foam.
  • one of the anchoring devices is housed inside the recess and said anchoring device includes the support member against which the insulating plug is pushed.
  • said anchoring device housed inside said recess comprises a stud fixed directly or indirectly to the supporting structure and, when anchoring the plurality of insulating panels, a retaining member is mounted on the stud so that it cooperates with a retaining zone of at least one of the insulating panels so as to retain said insulating panel towards the supporting structure, said stud forming the support member against which the insulating plug is pushed in such a way so that said stud sinks into said insulating plug when the insulating plug is pushed in the direction of the supporting structure.
  • the stud sinks into the mass of the insulating plug by a distance between 5 and 30 mm, for example between 8 and 15 mm.
  • one of the anchoring devices is housed inside the recess and the insulating plug has an outer end into which a housing opens; said anchoring device being at least partially housed in said housing when the inner end of the insulating plug reaches its predetermined position.
  • the recess is bordered, on the internal surface side, by an adjacent border surface and, in the predetermined position of the internal end of the insulating plug, said internal end is positioned less 1mm above said adjacent edge surface and less than 3mm below.
  • said inner end of the insulating plug is flush with the level of the adjacent edge surface or is disposed less than 2 mm below.
  • the adjacent edge surface extends in the plane of the internal surface of the plurality of insulating panels or forms the bottom of a counterbore in which a closure plate is placed after the positioning of the insulating plug in the predetermined position.
  • the insulating plug is irreversibly compressed along a direction of thickness orthogonal to the support structure at the level of its support against the support member when the insulating plug is pushed in the direction of the support structure.
  • the insulating plug has a larger section than the recess and is mounted tight in said recess.
  • the insulating plug has a periphery which is torn off during insertion of the insulating plug inside the recess.
  • the invention also relates to a leaktight and thermally insulating tank comprising an aforementioned thermal insulation barrier and a sealing membrane resting against said thermal insulation barrier.
  • a tank according to one of the aforementioned embodiments can be part of an onshore storage installation, for example for storing LNG or be installed in a floating, coastal or deep-water structure, in particular an ethane or LNG carrier, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
  • the tank may be intended to receive liquefied natural gas serving as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
  • a vessel for transporting a fluid comprises a hull, such as a double hull, and a aforementioned tank placed in the hull.
  • the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a ship, in which a fluid is routed through insulated pipes from or to a floating or terrestrial storage installation to or from the tank of the ship.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the aforementioned ship, insulated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the ship to a floating or terrestrial storage installation and a pump to cause a flow of fluid through the insulated pipes from or to the floating or terrestrial storage installation to or from the tank of the ship.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown the multilayer structure of a wall 1 of a sealed and thermally insulating tank for storing a fluid, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG).
  • a fluid such as liquefied natural gas (LNG).
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • Each wall 1 of the tank comprises successively, in the direction of the thickness, from the outside towards the inside of the tank, a secondary thermal insulation barrier 2 retained on the supporting structure 3, a secondary sealing membrane 4 resting against the secondary thermal insulation barrier 2, a primary thermal insulation barrier 5 resting against the secondary sealing membrane 4 and a primary sealing membrane 6 intended to be in contact with the liquefied natural gas contained in the tank.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the load-bearing structure 3 can in particular be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship.
  • the support structure 3 comprises a plurality of walls defining the general shape of the tank, usually a polyhedral shape.
  • the secondary thermal insulation barrier 2 comprises a plurality of secondary insulating panels 7 anchored to the supporting structure 3 by means of resin cords, not shown, and/or studs, not shown, welded to the supporting structure 3.
  • the secondary insulating panels 7 each comprise a layer of insulating polymer foam sandwiched between an internal plate and an external plate, which are rigid.
  • the inner and outer plates are, for example, plywood plates glued to said layer of insulating polymer foam.
  • the insulating polymer foam may in particular be a polyurethane-based foam.
  • the secondary sealing membrane 4 comprises a plurality of corrugated metal sheets 10.
  • the adjacent corrugated metal sheets 10 are welded together overlapping.
  • the corrugated metal sheets 10 are welded to metal plates 14 which are fixed to the internal plate of the secondary insulating panels 7.
  • the corrugated metal sheets 10 comprise along their longitudinal edges and at their four corners, cutouts allowing the passage of studs 15 which are fixed to the internal plates of the secondary insulating panels 7 and which are intended to ensure the fixing of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 on the secondary thermal insulation barrier 2.
  • the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 comprises a plurality of primary insulating panels 16 of substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape.
  • Each primary insulating panel 16 has a layer of polymer foam 17 sandwiched between two rigid plates, namely an internal plate 18 and an external plate 19.
  • the internal 18 and external 19 plates are for example made of plywood.
  • the polymer foam layer 17 is for example polyurethane foam, optionally reinforced with fibers, such as glass fibers.
  • each primary insulating panel 16 is equipped with metal plates 20, 21 for anchoring the corrugated metal sheets 22 of the primary sealing membrane 6.
  • the metal plates 20, 21 are fixed in counterbores formed in the inner plate 18 of the primary insulating panel 16 and fixed thereto, by screws, rivets or staples for example.
  • the primary sealing membrane 6 is obtained by assembling a plurality of corrugated metal sheets 22.
  • Each corrugated metal sheet 22 comprises between the corrugations, a plurality of flat surfaces 25 bearing against the internal plates 18 of the primary insulating panels 16.
  • the internal plates 18 of the primary insulating panels 16 form an internal support surface of the primary sealing membrane 6.
  • corrugated metal sheets 22 of the primary sealing membrane 6 are arranged offset with respect to the primary insulating panels 16 such that each of said corrugated metal sheets 22 extends jointly over four adjacent primary insulating panels 16.
  • the corrugated metal sheets 22 are overlap welded together and are further welded along their edges to the metal plates 20, 21 which are fixed to the primary insulating panels 16.
  • Each primary insulation panel 16 has one or more cutouts 35 along each of its two longitudinal edges and a cutout 36 at from each of its corners.
  • Each cutout 35, 36 passes through the inner plate 18 and extends over the entire thickness of the polymer foam layer 17.
  • the outer plate 19 projects beyond the polymer foam layer 17 and the inner plate 18 so as to form a retaining zone 37 cooperating with an anchoring device 38.
  • Each cutout 35 formed in the edge of one of the primary insulating panels 1 6 is arranged opposite a cutout 35 formed in the facing edge of an adjacent primary insulating panel 16 .
  • the cutouts 35 of two adjacent primary insulating panels 16 form two by two a recess 43 in which an anchoring device 38 is housed.
  • a single anchoring device 38 can cooperate with two retaining zones 37 belonging respectively to one and the other of the two adjacent primary insulating panels 16.
  • each cutout 36 made at one of the corners of the primary insulating panels 16 opens opposite the cutouts 36 made at the adjacent corners of the three adjacent primary insulating panels 16.
  • the four cutouts 36 thus together form a recess 39 in the shape of a cross. Therefore, a single anchoring device 38 can cooperate with the four contact surfaces 37 of the four primary insulating panels 16 adjacent.
  • the anchoring device 38 comprises a stud 15 which is fixed to the internal plate of the secondary insulating panels 7.
  • the anchoring device 38 further comprises a retaining member 40 which is fixed to said stud 15.
  • the retaining member 40 bears against the retaining zone 37 of the primary insulating panels 16, that is to say against the zone of the external plate 19 projecting with respect to the internal plate 18 and to the layer of polymer foam 17.
  • each retaining zone 37 is sandwiched between the retaining member 40 and the secondary sealing membrane 4.
  • the retainer 40 is here an annular metal plate which has a bore threaded onto the stud 15.
  • a nut 41 cooperates with a thread of the stud 15 so as to ensure the fixing of the retainer 40 on the stud 15.
  • one or more washers springs such as Belleville washers 42 are threaded onto the stud 15, between the nut 41 and the retainer 40, which makes it possible to ensure an elastic anchoring of the primary insulating panels 16 on the secondary insulating panels 7.
  • the insulating plug 44 is put in place in the recess 43 in order to ensure the continuity of the thermal insulation.
  • the internal plates 18 of the primary insulating panels 16 have a countersink 45, the bottom 46 of which borders the recess 43.
  • the countersink 45 is intended to receive a closing plate 47, after the positioning of the insulating plug 44 in the recess 43.
  • the closing plate 47 has an internal surface which is flush with the internal surface of the primary insulating panels 16 so as to ensure flatness of the support surface of the membrane. primary sealing 6.
  • the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 does not have the aforementioned counterbores 45 and closure plates 47 . Also, in such a case, it is the internal end 48 of the insulating cap 44 which is intended to be flush with the internal surface of the primary insulating panels 16 so as to ensure flatness of the support surface of the primary sealing membrane 6.
  • the insulating plug 44 is made of polymer foam.
  • the insulating plug 44 can in particular be made of a polyurethane foam having a density of between 20 and 60 kg/m 3 and advantageously between 30 and 50 kg/m 3 .
  • An insulating plug 44 having such characteristics is particularly advantageous in that it is able to deform irreversibly without the stress required to obtain irreversible deformation being too great.
  • the insulating plug 44 can also be made of expanded polystyrene having a density between 20 and 60 kg/m 3 and advantageously between 30 and 50 kg/m 3 .
  • the insulating plug 44 has a section which is matched to that of the recess 43.
  • the insulating plug 44 has an internal end 48 which is planar.
  • the insulating plug 44 also has an outer end 49 into which opens a housing 50 intended to at least partially receive the anchoring device 38.
  • the housing 50 has two portions 51, 52 of different diameters.
  • the first portion 51 has the largest diameter and opens at the outer end 49 of the insulating plug 44. This first portion 51 is intended to house the spring washers 42 and the nut 41.
  • the second portion 52 has a smaller diameter and extends from the first portion 51 in the direction of the inner end 48 of the insulating plug 44.
  • the second portion 52 is intended to house the end of the pin 15.
  • the geometry of the housing 50 is adapted to the geometry of the anchoring device 38 in order to optimize the presence of insulating material in the recess 43.
  • the insulating plug 45 has a dimension X 0 , taken in the direction of thickness of the wall 1 of the tank, between the bottom 53 of the housing 50 and the internal end 48 of the insulating plug 44.
  • the dimension X 0 is greater than the dimension Y, taken in the direction of thickness of the wall 1 of the tank, between the end of the pin 15 and the plane of an adjoining border surface which borders the recess 43.
  • the adjacent edge surface corresponds to the bottom 46 of the counterbore 45.
  • the dimension Y here corresponds to the distance between the end of the pin 15 and the bottom 46 of the counterbore 45.
  • the adjacent edge surface corresponds to the inner surface of the primary insulation boards 16.
  • the dimension Y here corresponds to the distance between the end of the dowel 15 and the inner surface of the primary insulation boards 16.
  • X 0 Y+ ⁇ with ⁇ between 5 and 30 mm and preferably between 8 and 15 mm.
  • the insulating plug 44 is inserted into the recess 43 then pushed inside the latter in the direction of the supporting structure 3 until that said insulating plug 44, and more particularly the bottom 53 of the housing 50, comes to rest against a support member, here the end of the stud 15. Subsequently, the insulating plug 44 is pushed against the stud 15, so that the stud 15 penetrates into the polymer foam of the insulating plug 44 and damages it irreversibly. In other words, in the zone of the insulating plug 44 in contact with the stud 15, said insulating plug 44 is deformed beyond its elastic limit and undergoes plastic deformations and/or ruptures.
  • the dimension X 1 of the insulating plug 44 taken along the direction of thickness of the wall 1 of the vessel, between the bearing zone of the insulating plug 44 against the pin 15 and the internal end of the insulating plug 44 is less than the dimension X 0 .
  • stud 15 sinks into the mass of insulating plug 44 by a distance of between 5 and 30 mm, for example between 8 and 15 mm.
  • the predetermined position of the insulating plug 44 in the recess 43 corresponds to a position in which the inner end 48 of the insulating plug 44 is positioned relative to the adjacent edge surface, here the bottom 46 of the counterbore 45, less than 1 mm above said adjacent edge surface and less than 3 mm below.
  • said internal end 48 of the insulating cap 44 is flush with the level of the adjacent edge surface or is disposed less than 2 mm below.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an anchoring device 54 as well as the recess 55 made at the corners of four adjacent primary insulating panels 16 and inside which said anchoring device 54 is housed.
  • the retaining member 56 has an X shape and has four tabs which are each housed inside a cutout 36 formed in one of the primary insulating panels 16 respectively.
  • Five insulating plugs 57, 58, 59, 60 provide continuity of thermal insulation.
  • insulating plugs 57, 58, 59 are each housed in a cutout 36 of a respective primary insulating panel 16 while the fifth insulating stopper 60 is arranged in the center of the recess 55 between the other four insulating plugs 57, 58, 59 and thus serves as a wedge to hold the other insulating plugs 57, 58, 59 in position.
  • the insulating plugs 57, 58, 59, 60 are made of a material identical to that of the insulating plug 44 described in relation to the figures 2 to 4 .
  • the assembly of the insulating plugs 57, 58, 59, 60 in the recess 55 is detailed below.
  • the four insulating plugs 57, 58, 59 are positioned in the respective cutout 36 of one of the primary insulating panels 16.
  • the four insulating plugs 57, 58, 59 have dimensions in the direction of thickness of the wall 1 of the vessel which are adjusted to that of the recess so that it is not necessary to damage them irreversibly so that their internal end 61 is flush with the inner surface of the primary insulating panels 16 adjacent.
  • the four insulating plugs 57, 58, 59 have a dimension along the direction of thickness of the tank which is greater than the dimension, taken along the direction of thickness of the wall 1 of the tank, between the bearing surface of the retaining member 56 intended to receive the outer end of the insulating plugs and the plane of the internal surface of the primary insulating panels 16.
  • each insulating plug 57, 58, 59 is initially inserted inside the recess 55 in the direction of the support structure 3 until said insulating plug 57, 58, 59 comes to bear against a support member, here one of the tabs of the retaining member 56.
  • each insulating plug 57, 58, 59 is pushed against the retainer 56 so that said insulating plug 57, 58, 59 compresses irreversibly.
  • the dimension of each of the insulating plugs 57, 58, 59 decreases irreversibly until the internal end 61 of each insulating plug 57, 58, 59 reaches a predetermined position, in which the internal end 61 of each insulating plug 57, 58, 59 is substantially flush with the internal surface of the primary insulating panels 16.
  • the central insulating plug 60 is inserted, in the recess 55, between the four other insulating plugs 57, 58, 59 until it comes to rest against the end of the pin 15. Subsequently, as in the embodiment of the figures 2 to 4 , the insulating plug 60 is pushed against the stud 15, so that the stud 15 penetrates the polymer foam of said insulating plug 60 and damages it irreversibly. The insulating plug 60 is deformed until the inner end 61 of said insulating plug 60 reaches a predetermined position.
  • the predetermined positions of the insulating plugs 57, 58, 59, 60 each correspond to a position in which the inner end 61 of the respective insulating plug 57, 58, 59, 60 is positioned less than 1 mm above the adjacent edge surface, here the inner surface of the primary insulating panels 16, and less than 3 mm and preferably less than 2 mm below.
  • THE figures 6 and 7 schematically represent an insulating plug 62 according to another embodiment.
  • This embodiment differs from the embodiment described above in relation to the figures 1 to 4 in that the insulating plug 62 has, in the initial state, a section of dimensions greater than those of the section of the recess 43.
  • the periphery 63 of the insulating plug 62 is at least partially torn from the part of the insulating plug 62 which is inserted inside the recess 43.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to avoid play, likely to harm the thermal insulation, between the insulating plug 62 and the walls of the recess 43.
  • the insulating plug 62 and the recess 43 have a circular section
  • the insulating plug 62 has a diameter greater by 2 to 10 mm, and advantageously by 5 to 7 mm, than that of the recess 43.
  • the insulating plug 62 has another shape, for example parallelepipedic, at least one of the dimensions of its section is greater than the corresponding dimension of the section of the recess 43.
  • the periphery 63 of the insulating plug 62 can be pre-cut so as to facilitate its tearing when inserting the insulating plug 62 into the recess 43.
  • the insulating plug 43 is deformed against the pin 15 of the anchoring device until the inner end of said insulating plug 62 reaches a predetermined position.
  • FIG 8 schematically represents an insulating cap 64 according to another alternative embodiment.
  • the insulating plug 64 has a cross section of dimensions greater than those of the section of the recess 43.
  • the periphery of the insulating plug 64 is not torn off during the insertion of the insulating plug 64 inside the recess 43 and the insulating plug 64 is fitted tightly in the recess 43.
  • FIG. 9 there is shown the multilayer structure of a wall 1 of a tank according to another embodiment.
  • the secondary thermal insulation barrier 2 comprises a plurality of secondary insulating panels 65 juxtaposed.
  • Each secondary insulating panel 65 consists of a parallelepipedal box, for example made of plywood, which comprises a bottom plate, a cover plate and partitions which extend along the direction of thickness of the wall 1 between the bottom plate and the cover plate and which define compartments filled with an insulating filling, such as perlite for example.
  • the bottom plates project laterally on two opposite sides of the box so that in each corner of the box on this overhanging part are fixed cleats 68.
  • the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 also comprises a plurality of primary insulating panels 66 juxtaposed.
  • the primary insulating panels 66 have a structure substantially similar to that of the secondary insulating panels 65.
  • the primary insulating panels 66 have identical dimensions to those of the secondary insulating panels 65 except for their thickness in the thickness direction of the tank which is likely to be smaller than that of the secondary insulating panels 65. 67.
  • the secondary sealing membrane 4 comprises a continuous layer of metal strakes with raised edges.
  • the strakes are welded by their raised edges to parallel welding supports which are fixed in grooves provided on the cover plates of the secondary insulating panels 65.
  • the primary sealing membrane 6 has a similar structure and comprises a ply continuous metal strakes with raised edges.
  • the strakes are welded by their raised edges to parallel weld supports which are fixed in grooves provided on the cover plates of the primary insulating panels 66.
  • the metal strakes are, for example, made of Invar® : that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel whose coefficient of expansion is typically between 1.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 and 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 K ⁇ 1 .
  • FIG 12 illustrates an anchoring device 69 for anchoring the primary 65 and secondary 66 insulating panels.
  • the anchoring device 69 comprises a sleeve 82 which is fixed to the load-bearing structure 3 at the level of four corners of four secondary insulating panels 66 adjacent.
  • Each socket 82 houses a nut 83 into which the lower end of a stud 84 is screwed.
  • the anchoring device 69 further comprises a retaining member 85 fixed to the stud 84.
  • the retaining member 85 bears against the cleats 68 so as to retain the secondary insulating panels 65 against the supporting structure 3.
  • a nut 86 cooperates with a thread of the stud 84 so as to securing the retaining member 85 to the stud 84.
  • the anchoring device 69 comprises elastic washers 87 which are threaded onto the stud 84 between the nut 86 and the retaining member 85, which makes it possible to ensure an elastic anchoring of the secondary insulating panels 65 on the load-bearing structure 3.
  • the anchoring device further comprises a plate 88 which is fixed to the retaining member 85.
  • a spacer element 89 for example made of wood, is placed between the retainer 85 and the plate 88.
  • the spacer element 89 has a thickness such that the plate 88 is flush with the cover plate of the secondary insulating panels 65.
  • the spacer element 89 comprises a central housing intended to receive the upper end of the pin 84, the nut 86 and the elastic washers spacer 89 also comprises bores intended to be traversed by screws 90 which make it possible to secure plate 88 to retainer 85.
  • the plate 88 has a central threaded bore which receives the threaded base of a pin 91.
  • the pin 91 passes through a hole made through a strake of the secondary sealing membrane 4.
  • the pin 91 has a flange which is welded to its periphery, around the hole, to ensure the sealing of the secondary sealing membrane 4.
  • the pin 91 has a threaded upper end on which is screwed a nut 92 to ensure the tightening of a retaining member 93 against the cleats 67 of the primary insulating panels 66.
  • the anchoring device 69 also comprises at least one elastic washer 94 which is threaded on the stud 91 between the nut 92 and the retaining member 93 and which thus ensures an elastic anchoring of the primary insulating panels 66 with respect to the plate 88.
  • An insulating plug 95 of the secondary thermal insulation barrier 2 is illustrated in detail in the figure 11 .
  • Each insulating plug 95 has a cross shape and has an internal bore through which the pin 84 of the anchor device 69 is inserted.
  • the insulating plug 95 is inserted into a recess made at the corners of four secondary insulating panels 65 in such a way that each of the four branches of said insulating plug 95 is inserted into a gap between two adjacent secondary insulating panels 65.
  • the insulating plug 95 is made of a material identical to that of the insulating plug 44 described in relation to the figures 2 to 4 .
  • the mounting of the insulating plug 95 in the recess is as follows.
  • the insulating plug 95 is positioned so that the stud 95 is opposite the stud 84 then is inserted into the recess in the direction of the support structure 3 until it comes to rest against a support member, here the sleeve 82. Thereafter, the insulating plug 95 is pushed against the sleeve 82 so that the insulating plug 95 deforms irreversibly until said insulating plug 95 reaches a predetermined position. In said predetermined position, the inner end of the insulating plug 95 is substantially flush with the surface of the cleats 68 against which the retaining member 85 bears.
  • An insulating cap 96 of the primary thermal insulation barrier 5 is illustrated in detail in the figure 10 .
  • Each insulating plug 96 is inserted into a recess provided at the corners of four adjacent primary insulating panels.
  • the insulating plug 96 is made of a material identical to that of the insulating plug 44 described in relation to the figure 2 at 4 .
  • the mounting of the insulating plug 96 in the respective recess is as follows.
  • the insulating plug 96 is positioned in the recess and pushed in the direction of the supporting structure 3 until it comes to rest against a support member, here the stud 91.
  • the insulating plug 96 is pushed against the stud 91 so that the insulating plug 96 deforms irreversibly until said insulating plug 96 reaches a predetermined position.
  • the inner end of the insulating plug 96 is substantially flush with the inner surface of the primary insulating panels 66.
  • a cutaway view of an LNG carrier 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealing membrane intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealing membrane arranged between the primary sealing membrane and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two thermally insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary sealing membrane and the secondary sealing membrane and between the secondary sealing membrane and the double hull 72.
  • loading/unloading pipes 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a maritime or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
  • FIG 13 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and a shore installation 77.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed offshore installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
  • the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading/unloading pipes 73.
  • the movable arm 74 can be steered. adapts to all sizes of LNG carriers.
  • a connecting pipe, not shown, extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the shore installation 77.
  • the latter comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the subsea pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75. liquefied between the loading station or unloading 75 and the shore installation 77 over a great distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 70 and/or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and/or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Wärmebarriere (2, 5) für die Wand (1) eines dichten und wärmeisolierenden Tanks, der in eine Tragekonstruktion (3) eingebaut ist, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Verankerung einer Vielzahl von Isolierplatten (16, 65, 66) unmittelbar oder mittelbar an der Tragekonstruktion (3) mit Hilfe von Verankerungsvorrichtungen (38, 54, 69), wobei die genannte Vielzahl von Isolierplatten (16, 65, 66) eine innere Tragefläche für eine Abdichtungsmembran (4, 6) bildet und mindestens eine Vertiefung (43, 55) aufweist, die in Höhe der genannten Innenfläche mündet,
    - Bereitstellung eines isolierenden Stopfens (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) aus Polymerschaumstoff, dazu bestimmt, eine Kontinuität der Wärmeisolation in Höhe der genannten Vertiefung (43, 55) sicherzustellen, wobei der genannte isolierende Stopfen (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) ein inneres Ende (48, 61) aufweist,
    - Einsetzen des genannten isolierenden Stopfens (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) ins Innere der genannten Vertiefung (43, 55), ihn in Richtung der Tragekonstruktion (3) an ein Abstützorgan (15, 82, 91) derart drückend, dass der isolierende Stopfen (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) in dem Bereich, in dem er am Abstützorgan (15, 82, 91) anliegt, irreversibel beschädigt wird, und die Abmessung des isolierenden Stopfens (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) zwischen dem inneren Ende (48, 61) des isolierenden Stopfens (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) und dem Bereich, in dem der isolierende Stopfen (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) am Abstützorgan (15, 82, 91) anliegt, irreversibel zu verringern, bis das innere Ende (48, 61) des isolierenden Stopfens (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) eine festgelegte Stellung im Inneren der genannten Vertiefung (43, 55) erreicht.
  2. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1, in dem der isolierende Stopfen (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) aus einem Polymerschaumstoff besteht, der eine Dichte zwischen 20 und 60 kg/m3 aufweist.
  3. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1 oder 2, in dem der isolierende Stopfen (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) aus Polyurethanschaumstoff besteht.
  4. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 3, in dem eine der Verankerungsvorrichtungen (38, 54, 69) im Inneren der Vertiefung (43, 55) angeordnet ist und in dem die genannte Verankerungsvorrichtung (38, 54, 69) das Abstützorgan umfasst, an das der isolierende Stopfen (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) gedrückt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 4, in dem die genannte Verankerungsvorrichtung (38, 54, 69), die im Inneren der genannten Vertiefung angeordnet ist, einen Bolzen (15, 91) aufweist, der unmittelbar oder mittelbar an der Tragekonstruktion (3) befestigt ist, in dem bei der Verankerung der Vielzahl von Isolierplatten (16, 65, 66) auf dem Bolzen ein Rückhalteorgan (40, 56) derart montiert wird, dass es mit einem Rückhaltebereich (37) mindestens einer der Isolierplatten (16, 65, 66) derart zusammenwirkt, dass es die genannte Isolierplatte (16, 65, 66) in Richtung der Tragekonstruktion (3) hält, und in dem der genannte Bolzen (15, 91) das Abstützorgan bildet, an das der isolierende Stopfen (44, 60, 96) derart gedrückt wird, dass sich der genannte Bolzen (15, 91) in den genannten isolierenden Stopfen (44, 60, 96) eindrückt, wenn der isolierende Stopfen (44, 60, 96) in Richtung der Tragekonstruktion (3) gedrückt wird.
  6. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 5, in dem sich der Bolzen (15, 91), wenn der isolierende Stopfen (44, 60, 96) in Richtung der Tragekonstruktion (3) gedrückt wird, in die Masse des genannten isolierenden Stopfens (44, 60, 96) um eine Strecke eindrückt, die zwischen 5 und 30 mm beträgt, beispielsweise zwischen 8 und 15 mm.
  7. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 6, in dem eine der Verankerungsvorrichtungen (38) im Inneren der Vertiefung (43) angeordnet wird und in dem der isolierende Stopfen (44) ein äußeres Ende (49) aufweist, in das eine Aufnahme (50) mündet, wobei die genannte Verankerungsvorrichtung (38) mindestens teilweise in der genannten Aufnahme (50) angeordnet ist, wenn das innere Ende (48) des isolierenden Stopfens (44) seine festgelegte Stellung erreicht.
  8. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 7, in dem die Vertiefung (43, 55) auf der Innenseite von einer anschließenden Randfläche (46) begrenzt wird, und in dem in der festgelegten Stellung des inneren Endes (48, 61) des isolierenden Stopfens (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) das genannte innere Ende (48, 61) weniger als 1 mm über der genannten anschließenden Randfläche (45) liegt und weniger als 3 mm darunter.
  9. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 8, in dem die anschließende Randfläche in der Ebene der Innenfläche der Vielzahl von Isolierplatten (16, 65, 66) liegt oder den Boden (46) einer Senkung (45) bildet, in die nach dem Anordnen des isolierenden Stopfens (44) in der festgelegten Stellung eine Verschlussplatte (43) angeordnet wird.
  10. Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 9, in dem der isolierende Stopfen (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) in dem Bereich, in dem er am Abstützorgan (15, 82, 91) anliegt, in einer Dickenrichtung orthogonal zur Tragekonstruktion (3) irreversibel komprimiert wird, wenn der isolierende Stopfen (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) in Richtung der Tragekonstruktion (3) gedrückt wird.
  11. Wärmebarriere (2, 5) für eine Wand (1) eines dichten und wärmeisolierenden Tanks, der in eine Tragekonstruktion (3) eingebaut ist, umfassend:
    - eine Vielzahl von Isolierplatten (16, 65, 66) unmittelbar oder mittelbar an der Tragekonstruktion (3) mit Hilfe von Verankerungsvorrichtungen (38, 54, 69) verankert, wobei die genannte Vielzahl von Isolierplatten (16, 65, 66) eine innere Tragefläche für eine Abdichtungsmembran (4, 6) bildet und mindestens eine Vertiefung (43, 55) aufweist, die in Höhe der genannten Innenfläche mündet, und
    - einen isolierenden Stopfen (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) aus Polymerschaumstoff, der derart ins Innere der genannten Vertiefung (43, 55) eingesetzt ist, dass er eine Kontinuität der Wärmeisolation sicherstellt, wobei der genannte isolierende Stopfen (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) in Richtung der Tragekonstruktion (3) an einem Abstützorgan (15, 82, 91), das sich im Inneren der genannten Vertiefung (43, 55) befindet, anliegt, wobei die Wärmebarriere dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der isolierende Stopfen in dem Bereich, in dem er am Abstützorgan (15, 82, 91) anliegt, eine irreversible Beschädigung aufweist, wobei die genannte irreversible Beschädigung durch Drücken des isolierenden Stopfens (44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 95, 96) in Richtung der Tragekonstruktion (3), bis er eine festgelegte Stellung erreicht, erzielt worden ist.
  12. Dichter und wärmeisolierender Tank, eine Wärmebarriere (2, 5) nach Patentanspruch 11 umfassend und eine Abdichtungsmembran (4, 6), die an der genannten Wärmebarriere (2, 5) ruht.
  13. Schiff (70) für den Transport eines Fluides, wobei das Schiff einen doppelten Rumpf (72) aufweist und einen Tank (71) nach Patentanspruch 12.
  14. System zur Überleitung eines Fluides, wobei das System ein Schiff (70) nach Patentanspruch 13 umfasst, isolierte Leitungen (73, 79, 76, 81), die dafür angeordnet sind, den im Rumpf des Schiffes eingebauten Tank (71) mit einer schwimmenden oder terrestrischen Lageranlage (77) zu verbinden, und eine Pumpe, um ein Fluid durch die isolierten Leitungen aus der oder in die schwimmende oder terrestrische Lageranlage in den oder aus dem Tank des Schiffes zu fördern.
  15. Verfahren zum Laden oder Löschen eines Schiffes (70) nach Patentanspruch 13, in dem ein Fluid durch isolierte Leitungen (73, 79, 76, 81) aus der oder in eine schwimmende oder terrestrische Lageranlage (77) in den oder aus dem Tank des Schiffes (71) gefördert wird.
EP18819179.5A 2017-11-13 2018-11-09 Verfahren zur herstellung einer wärmedämmbarriere für eine wand eines gefässes und dadurch hergestellte wärmedämmbarriere Active EP3710742B1 (de)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1760638A FR3073600B1 (fr) 2017-11-13 2017-11-13 Procede de fabrication d'une barriere d'isolation thermique d'une paroi d'une cuve et barriere d'isolation thermique ainsi obtenue
PCT/FR2018/052801 WO2019092384A1 (fr) 2017-11-13 2018-11-09 Procédé de fabrication d'une barrière d'isolation thermique d'une paroi d'une cuve et barrière d'isolation thermique ainsi obtenue

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EP3710742B1 true EP3710742B1 (de) 2023-07-26

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FR3105342B1 (fr) * 2019-12-23 2022-06-03 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Barrière thermiquement isolante pour une paroi d’une cuve
FR3110951B1 (fr) * 2020-05-26 2022-05-06 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Dispositif d’ancrage destine a retenir des blocs isolants
FR3116101B1 (fr) 2020-11-10 2023-04-28 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Procédé de fabrication d’une barrière thermiquement isolante pour une cuve
FR3116100B1 (fr) 2020-11-10 2022-11-04 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Procédé de fabrication d’une barrière thermiquement isolante pour une cuve
FR3144852A1 (fr) * 2023-01-09 2024-07-12 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Bouchon de réparation et procédé de réparation d’une paroi étanche et thermiquement isolante
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CN117068325B (zh) * 2023-10-13 2024-02-09 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 一种薄膜型围护系统绝缘模块受冷变形自适应调整方法
CN117818821B (zh) * 2024-03-06 2024-06-11 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 一种低温液货存储运输用薄膜型围护系统

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MY196813A (en) 2023-05-03
KR102580155B1 (ko) 2023-09-19
CN111406176B (zh) 2022-06-28
RU2741688C1 (ru) 2021-01-28
KR20200088359A (ko) 2020-07-22
WO2019092384A1 (fr) 2019-05-16
EP3710742A1 (de) 2020-09-23
CN111406176A (zh) 2020-07-10
FR3073600B1 (fr) 2019-12-06
FR3073600A1 (fr) 2019-05-17
SG11202004349WA (en) 2020-06-29

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