EP3710605A1 - Verfahren zur voroxidation von bandstahl in einer in einem ofenraum angeordneten reaktionskammer - Google Patents

Verfahren zur voroxidation von bandstahl in einer in einem ofenraum angeordneten reaktionskammer

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Publication number
EP3710605A1
EP3710605A1 EP18807218.5A EP18807218A EP3710605A1 EP 3710605 A1 EP3710605 A1 EP 3710605A1 EP 18807218 A EP18807218 A EP 18807218A EP 3710605 A1 EP3710605 A1 EP 3710605A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reaction chamber
gas
oxidation
chamber
furnace
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EP18807218.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3710605B1 (de
Inventor
Frank Maschler
Lutz Kümmel
Jean-Pierre Crutzen
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SMS Group GmbH
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SMS Group GmbH
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/10—Oxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for drawing, e.g. for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for drawing, e.g. for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0457—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for drawing, e.g. for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/561—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with a controlled atmosphere or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
    • C23C2/0222—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating in a reactive atmosphere, e.g. oxidising or reducing atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
    • C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/50—Controlling or regulating the coating processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/80—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0257—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an improved process for the preoxidation of oxidation-sensitive steel strip in a reaction chamber arranged in a furnace chamber, in order to thereby set suitable surface properties of the strip steel to be coated for a directly following hot-dip coating.
  • the surface, formed by the selective oxidation manganese, silicon, and / or aluminum oxides affect the wettability of the strip surface with a molten coating metal (for example, zinc), with the result of defects (so-called bare spots) or a poor the coating with the tape surface.
  • the alloy composition is decisive for the coating problems on high-strength steel, in particular the tendency to form non-reducible oxides at the surface. This applies, for example, to the following steel grades:
  • DE 102 004 059 566 describes a process in which the strip is pre-oxidized.
  • the method described in this document can be summarized as follows:
  • the reaction chamber with a strongly oxidizing atmosphere inside, is located in the furnace chamber of a continuous furnace with a hydrogen-containing, reducing atmosphere.
  • the belt inlet and belt outlet into the reaction chamber must be sealed to the greatest possible extent against gas exchange.
  • On Gas transfer from the furnace into the reaction chamber causes the penetrating hydrogen at least partially consumes the oxygen required for the oxidation and impairs the nature of the desired oxide layer on the strip surface. This problem is exacerbated by the lower the oxygen content in the reaction chamber.
  • a gas transfer from the reaction chamber into the furnace causes a higher water content (dew point) in the furnace and thus an increased oxidation potential. This is particularly disadvantageous for very high-strength steels with a higher content of oxygen-affine alloying elements.
  • the strip temperature is the decisive parameter for process control. This is preferably between 650 and 750 ° C. As long as the oxygen content is> 1% and the treatment time> 1 s, their influence on the thickness of the oxide layer formed is negligibly small. With oxygen contents in the range 2 to 5%, an insensitive process can be assumed.
  • this object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1, in particular by sealing the reaction chamber at a belt inlet and a belt outlet against gas exchange between the furnace chamber and the reaction chamber and a gas which oxidizes Atmosphere in the reaction chamber is formed, introduced and the gas within the reaction chamber in a closed circuit is permanently circulated, the composition of which is regulated and losses compensated by leakage and consumption.
  • the reaction chamber is in principle sealed towards the furnace chamber and in particular at the belt inlet and belt outlet against gas exchange.
  • the atmosphere is constantly being circulated.
  • the gas is sucked out of the reaction chamber, cooled, fed to a fan, enriched with fresh air and fed back into the chamber. This achieves good atmospheric homogeneity.
  • nozzle systems at least one nozzle system
  • evenly supplied gas with high kinetic energy density with the aid of nitrogen as the carrier gas of the strip surface This is necessary in order to avoid laminar boundary layer effects.
  • the oxygen content of the atmosphere in the reaction chamber is a minimum of 1.5 to a maximum of 5% by volume.
  • the reaction chamber has a trigger.
  • this trigger is controlled so that the internal pressure of the reaction chamber corresponds to the pressure of the surrounding furnace atmosphere and so the gas exchange over the unavoidable leaks is minimal.
  • the oxidation-sensitive steel may contain at least a selection of fol gender alloying components: Mn> 0.5%, Al> 0.2%, Si> 0.1%, Cr> 0.3%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Abstract

Verfahren zur Voroxidation von hochfestem Bandstahl. Die Erfindung betrifft ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Voroxidation von hochfestem Bandstahl in einer in einem Ofenraum angeordneten Reaktionskammer. Die Reaktionskammer wird an einem Bandeintritt und einem Bandaustritt gegen Gasaustausch zwischen dem Ofenraum und der Reaktionskammer abgedichtet und ein Gas, das eine oxidierende Atmosphäre in der Reaktionskammer ausbildet, wird eingeleitet und das Gas wird dabei innerhalb der Reaktionskammer permanent umgewälzt.

Description

Verfahren zur Voroxidation von Bandstahl
in einer in einem Ofenraum angeordneten Reaktionskammer
Beschreibung
Die Erfindung betrifft ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Voroxidation von oxidationsempfindlichem Bandstahl in einer in einem Ofenraum angeordneten Reaktionskammer, um hierdurch für eine sich unmittelbar daran anschließende Schmelztauchbeschichtung geeignete Oberflächeneigenschaften des zu beschich- tenden Bandstahls einzustellen.
Übliche hochfeste Bandstähle enthalten als Legierungselemente Mangan, Silicium und /oder Aluminium. Während der möglichen rekristallisieren- den Glühung vor der Schmelztauchbeschichtung diffundieren diese Legierungs- elemente zur Bandoberfläche hin. Da diese Legierungselemente sehr sauerstof- faffin sind, werden sie, soweit sie sich an der Bandoberfläche bzw. in geringer Tie- fe im Band befinden, nahezu unvermeidlich oxidiert. Das Grundmaterial Eisen wird dabei allerdings nicht oxidiert. Dieses Phänomen ist auch als selektive Oxidation bekannt. Die an der Oberfläche durch die selektive Oxidation gebildeten Mangan-, Silicium-, und/oder Aluminiumoxide beeinträchtigen jedoch die Benetzbarkeit der Bandoberfläche mit einem schmelzflüssigen Überzugsmetall (beispielsweise Zink), mit der Folge von Fehlstellen (sog. bare spots) bzw. einer schlechten Flaftung des Überzugs mit der Bandoberfläche. Wobei für die Beschichtungsprobleme am hochfesten Stahl die Legierungszusammensetzung maßgeblich ist, vor allem die Neigung zur Bildung nicht reduzierbarer Oxide an der Oberfläche. Das betrifft beispielsweise folgende Stahlqualitäten :
Um die Haftung des Überzugs an der Bandoberfläche zu verbessern, ist in der DE 102 004 059 566 ein Verfahren beschrieben, bei dem das Band vor- oxidiert wird. Das in dieser Druckschrift beschriebene Verfahren kann wie folgt zu- sammengefasst werden:
1. Erwärmen des Bandes unter reduzierender Atmosphäre, mit 2 bis 3 % Wasserstoffanteil, bis auf 650 bis 750°C;
2. Oxidieren der weitgehend aus Reineisen bestehenden Bandober- fläche in einer Reaktionskammer mit einer Atmosphäre mit 0,01 bis 1 % Sauerstoffanteil. Dabei wird eine Eisenoxidschicht gebil- det, welche die vorher gebildeten Legierungsoxide abdeckt. Die Behandlungsdauer soll 1 bis 10 sec und die Dicke der gebildeten Oxidschicht soll 300 nm betragen;
3. Glühen des Bandstahls unter reduzierender Atmosphäre mit 2 bis 8% Wasserstoffanteil bis auf maximal 900°C. Dabei wird die Ei- senoxidschicht wieder zu Reineisen reduziert, auf der dann das Überzugsmetall gut und sicher haftet.
Dabei befindet sich die Reaktionskammer, mit einer im Innern stark oxidierenden Atmosphäre, im Ofenraum eines Durchlaufofens mit einer wasser- stoffhaltigen, reduzierenden Atmosphäre. Bandeinlauf und Bandauslauf in die Re- aktionskammer müssen bestmöglich gegen Gasaustausch abgedichtet sein. Ein Gasübertritt vom Ofen in die Reaktionskammer bewirkt, dass der eindringende Wasserstoff den zur Oxidation benötigten Sauerstoff zumindest teilweise ver- braucht und die Beschaffenheit der angestrebten Oxidschicht auf der Bandoberflä- che beeinträchtigt. Dieses Problem verschärft sich, je geringer der Sauerstoffge- halt in der Reaktionskammer ist. Umgekehrt bewirkt ein Gasübertritt aus der Reak- tionskammer in den Ofen einen höheren Wassergehalt (Taupunkt) im Ofen und dadurch ein erhöhtes Oxidationspotential. Dieses ist insbesondere für höchstfeste Stähle mit einem höheren Anteil an sauerstoffaffinen Legierungselementen nach- teilig.
Versuche haben ergeben, dass zur Einstellung einer gewünschten Oxidschicht die Bandtemperatur der zur Prozessführung entscheidende Parame- ter ist. Diese liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 650 und 750°C. Solange dabei der Sau- erstoffgehalt > 1 % und die Behandlungszeit > 1 s sind, ist deren Einfluss auf die Dicke der gebildeten Oxidschicht vernachlässigbar klein. Bei Sauerstoffgehalten im Bereich 2 bis 5% kann von einem unempfindlichen Prozess ausgegangen wer- den.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Voroxidation von hochfestem Bandstahl in einer Reaktionskammer innerhalb eines Ofenraums während der rekristallisierenden Glühung vor einer Schmelztauchbeschichtung zur Verfügung zu stellen.
Nach der Lehre der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe durch die im An- spruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst, insbesondere dadurch, dass die Reakti- onskammer an einem Bandeintritt und einem Bandaustritt gegen Gasaustausch zwischen dem Ofenraum und der Reaktionskammer abgedichtet wird und ein Gas, das eine oxidierende Atmosphäre in der Reaktionskammer ausbildet, eingeleitet und das Gas innerhalb der Reaktionskammer in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf permanent umgewälzt wird, wobei dessen Zusammensetzung geregelt und Ver- luste durch Leckagen und Verbrauch ausgeglichen werden.
Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, eine besonders gleichmäßig ausge- bildete Oxidschicht auf der Bandoberfläche zu erzeugen, sodass Fehlstellen bei der sich anschließenden Schmelztauchbeschichtung vermieden werden und so die Qualität des Endprodukts verbessert und Ausschuss verringert wird.
Die Reaktionskammer ist grundsätzlich zum Ofenraum hin und ins- besondere am Bandeintritt und Bandaustritt gegen Gasaustausch abgedichtet.
Die Atmosphäre wird permanent umgewälzt. Das Gas wird dazu aus der Reaktionskammer abgesaugt, gekühlt, einem Ventilator zugeführt, mit frischer Luft angereichert und wieder in die Kammer eingespeist. Damit wird eine gute Ho- mogenität der Atmosphäre erreicht.
Ein weiterer gewünschter Effekt ist, dass über Düsensysteme (min- destens ein Düsensystem) kontrolliert und gleichmäßig Gas mit hoher kinetischer Energiedichte unter Zuhilfenahme von Stickstoff als Trägergas der Bandoberflä- che zugeführt wird. Das ist notwendig, um laminare Grenzschichteffekte zu ver- meiden.
Um einen ausreichenden Puffer gegen eindringenden Wasserstoff zu erreichen, beträgt der Sauerstoffgehalt der Atmosphäre in der Reaktionskammer minimal 1 ,5 bis maximal 5 vol%.
Zum Ausgleich von Volumenänderungen besitzt die Reaktionskam- mer einen Abzug. Vorzugsweise wird dieser Abzug so geregelt, dass der Innen- druck der Reaktionskammer dem Druck der umgebenden Ofenatmosphäre ent- spricht und so der Gasaustausch über die unvermeidlichen Undichtigkeiten mini- mal ist.
Durch diese Maßnahmen wird ein gutmütig beherrschbarer Oxidati- onsprozess erreicht und eine Beeinträchtigung der die Reaktionskammer umge- benden Ofenatmosphäre wird verhindert.
Der oxidationsempfindliche Stahl kann mindestens eine Auswahl fol gender Legierungsbestandteile enthalten: Mn > 0,5%, AI > 0,2%, Si > 0,1 %, Cr > 0,3%.

Claims

Patentansprüche
1. Verfahren zur Voroxidation von oxidationsempfindlichem Bandstahl in einer in einem Ofenraum angeordneten Reaktionskammer, gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass die Reaktionskammer an einem Bandeintritt und einem Band- austritt gegen Gasaustausch zwischen dem Ofenraum und der Reaktions- kammer abgedichtet wird und ein Gas, das eine oxidierende Atmosphäre in der Reaktionskammer ausbildet, eingeleitet und das Gas innerhalb der Re- aktionskammer in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf permanent umgewälzt wird, wobei dessen Zusammensetzung geregelt und Verluste durch Lecka- gen und Verbrauch ausgeglichen werden.
2. Verfahren zur Voroxidation nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oxidierende Gas aus der Reaktionskammer abgesaugt, gekühlt, einem Ventilator zugeführt, mit Luft angereichert und wieder in die Reakti- onskammer eingespeist wird, um eine gute Homogenität der Atmosphäre zu erreichen.
3. Verfahren zur Voroxidation nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass über mindestens ein der Reaktionskammer zugeordnetes Düsensys- tem kontrolliert und gleichmäßig das Gas mit hoher kinetischer Energiedich- te unter Zuhilfenahme von Stickstoff als Trägergas der Oberfläche des Bandstahls zugeführt wird, um laminare Grenzschichteffekte an der Band- oberfläche zu vermeiden.
4. Verfahren zur Voroxidation nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sauerstoffgehalt der Atmosphäre in der Reaktionskammer bei minimal 1 ,5 bis maximal 5 vol% gehalten wird, um hierdurch einen ausrei- chend großen Puffer gegen aus dem Ofenraum in die Reaktionskammer eindringen Wasserstoff zu erreichen.
5. Verfahren zur Voroxidation nach einen oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktionskammer zum Ausgleich von Volumenänderungen ein Abzug zugeordnet wird.
6. Verfahren zur Voroxidation nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abzug vorzugsweise so geregelt wird, dass der Innendruck der Reaktionskammer dem Druck der umgebenden Ofenatmosphäre entspricht und so der Gasaustausch über unvermeidliche Undichtigkeiten minimal ge- halten wird.
7. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oxidationsempfindliche Stahl mindestens eine Auswahl folgender Legierungsbestandteile enthält: Mn > 0,5%, AI > 0,2%, Si > 0,1 %, Cr > 0,3%.
EP18807218.5A 2017-11-17 2018-11-06 Verfahren zur voroxidation von bandstahl in einer in einem ofenraum angeordneten reaktionskammer Active EP3710605B1 (de)

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